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題名 跨領域專案團隊培養共享心智模式的歷程─2010台北國際花卉博覽會夢想館綻放專案之個案研究
The Developmental Process of Team Mental Model in an Interdisciplinary Project Team- A Case Study of the Blossom Project in the Pavilion of Dreams of the 2010 Taipei International Flora Exposition
作者 凌漢璋
貢獻者 溫肇東
凌漢璋
關鍵詞 團隊共享心智模式
跨領域專案團隊
團隊協作
專案管理
Team mental model
Interdisciplinary
Project team
Cocreation
日期 2018
上傳時間 2-May-2018 15:49:18 (UTC+8)
摘要 籃球場上背後妙傳常是得分的關鍵，那種流暢的默契也是所有團隊協作者夢寐以求的境界。這種默契絕非一蹴可幾，而是有賴團隊成員透過持續互動而共同培養出來的；有默契的成員以類似的方式解讀任務環境且彼此了解，基於這種共通理解，團隊成員不須外顯的溝通就能精準預測夥伴下一步的行動，藉此做出相容互補的行為。如此透過成員互動培養出來的共通理解即團隊共享心智模式(team mental model, TMM)。
TMM過往在球隊、飛航、航管、作戰等行動團隊方面有紮實的研究，卻鮮少成功應用在以整合不同知識為目標的團隊上，這在跨領域協作越來越重要的趨勢下是很可惜的。本研究即在延伸TMM對話田野的呼籲下，探索跨領域團隊形成TMM的歷程。
研究採單一個案研究法，透過半開放式訪談，和專案成員共同回溯專案二十二個月過程中的事件，以及互動過程中的心境。彙整訪談逐字稿以重建專案歷程後，本研究得到以下結論：
一、跨領域專案團隊有一先行者，先行者心中的初始構想形成團隊發展TMM的基本方向。
二、一構想成為TMM成分，是該構想從「出現為議題」，轉變成「隱藏為前提」的過程。
三、成為TMM成分的構想以專案團隊特有的術語呈現在日常討論或行動中。
四、被團隊捨棄的和被接受的構想都是TMM的成分，影響團隊後續的討論和行動。
五、TMM是以核心/中介/周邊順序疊層起來的共形結構，核心TMM相對穩定，並透過中介TMM界定各成員/次團隊的介接規則，各成員/次團隊據以發展周邊TMM。
六、在核心/中介/周邊結構TMM下，成員共享的知識有些相同，有些重疊，也有些互補分布在不同成員間，卻不致彼此衝突或背離整體任務目標。
七、跨領域專案團隊是先就任務模式培養共通理解，然後據以發展協調模式。
在理論方面，本研究放鬆了過往TMM研究的外部預設最佳解、任務目標明確、單一線性收斂、成員均質等研究預設，重新檢視TMM跨越個人和團隊層次動態循環發展的歷程，並且提出從團隊互動層次掌握TMM的方法，促進TMM研究與跨領域團隊之間的相互滋養。
在實務方面，本研究指出跨領域專案團隊形成TMM的關鍵角色之功能和管理重點，也提供管理者根據「議題、前提、術語」的表徵，診斷跨領域專案團隊之TMM發展狀態，以及導引團隊朝向收斂效率還是發散創意的方法。
This dissertation explored the developmental process of team mental model (TMM) in an interdisciplinary project team. TMM has been recognized as one of the most relevant constructs in collective cognitive and team learning. Prior researches acknowledged the contribution of TMM to team performance; teams with better TMM perform better. Limited empirical TMM researches were focused on action teams working on structured tasks like PC-based command and control simulations, cockpits, air traffic control towers, or military missions. Disagreed results emerged in teams dealing with knowledge integration however. This student attributed said discrpancy to some presumptions due to traditonal TMM researches. The objective of this research was to investigate how TMM is developed with those presumptions lifted.
This study used a single case approach. In this interdisciplinary project, artists and engineers alien to each other were recruited to build a mechanical flower in twenty two months. Team members were interviewed to rebuild the process from which following findings were inferred in a team that requires knowledge integration:
1. A project initiator inherent to an interdisciplinary team substantially defines the initializing vector of the TMM.
2. The process by which a proposal becomes part of the TMM can be operationalized as a role transition of that proposal from a theme to a premise in the team. Each TMM ingredient is characterized as a team-specific jargon.
3. Proposals accepted and rejected by the team both constitute the TMM and influence the following development.
4. The TMM is developed as a layered conformal structure. More stable and shared by all members, the core TMM is interfaced by the intermediary TMM to the peripheral TMM. The peripheral TMM is shared only by subgroup members. With such a structure, decisions and actions are locally performed without departing from the core TMM.
This research contributed to the TMM community by explicating the complex process and contents of the TMM developed in a cocreating team. The goal as well as the strategy was negotiated and cocreated by team members along their way to the end. Thus, both the research method and the findings of this study paved a way to facilitate cross fertilizing between TMM researchers and interdisciplinary fields.
This research also provided interdisciplinary team leaders with tools to deploy key members, to diagnose the TMM development, and to balance the team between inertia and momentum. Finally, research limitations and future research suggestions are discussed.
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描述 博士
國立政治大學
科技管理與智慧財產研究所
98359501
資料來源 http://thesis.lib.nccu.edu.tw/record/#G0983595011
資料類型 thesis
dc.contributor.advisor 溫肇東zh_TW
dc.contributor.author (Authors) 凌漢璋zh_TW
dc.creator (作者) 凌漢璋zh_TW
dc.date (日期) 2018en_US
dc.date.accessioned 2-May-2018 15:49:18 (UTC+8)-
dc.date.available 2-May-2018 15:49:18 (UTC+8)-
dc.date.issued (上傳時間) 2-May-2018 15:49:18 (UTC+8)-
dc.identifier (Other Identifiers) G0983595011en_US
dc.identifier.uri (URI) http://nccur.lib.nccu.edu.tw/handle/140.119/117032-
dc.description (描述) 博士zh_TW
dc.description (描述) 國立政治大學zh_TW
dc.description (描述) 科技管理與智慧財產研究所zh_TW
dc.description (描述) 98359501zh_TW
dc.description.abstract (摘要) 籃球場上背後妙傳常是得分的關鍵，那種流暢的默契也是所有團隊協作者夢寐以求的境界。這種默契絕非一蹴可幾，而是有賴團隊成員透過持續互動而共同培養出來的；有默契的成員以類似的方式解讀任務環境且彼此了解，基於這種共通理解，團隊成員不須外顯的溝通就能精準預測夥伴下一步的行動，藉此做出相容互補的行為。如此透過成員互動培養出來的共通理解即團隊共享心智模式(team mental model, TMM)。
TMM過往在球隊、飛航、航管、作戰等行動團隊方面有紮實的研究，卻鮮少成功應用在以整合不同知識為目標的團隊上，這在跨領域協作越來越重要的趨勢下是很可惜的。本研究即在延伸TMM對話田野的呼籲下，探索跨領域團隊形成TMM的歷程。
研究採單一個案研究法，透過半開放式訪談，和專案成員共同回溯專案二十二個月過程中的事件，以及互動過程中的心境。彙整訪談逐字稿以重建專案歷程後，本研究得到以下結論：
一、跨領域專案團隊有一先行者，先行者心中的初始構想形成團隊發展TMM的基本方向。
二、一構想成為TMM成分，是該構想從「出現為議題」，轉變成「隱藏為前提」的過程。
三、成為TMM成分的構想以專案團隊特有的術語呈現在日常討論或行動中。
四、被團隊捨棄的和被接受的構想都是TMM的成分，影響團隊後續的討論和行動。
五、TMM是以核心/中介/周邊順序疊層起來的共形結構，核心TMM相對穩定，並透過中介TMM界定各成員/次團隊的介接規則，各成員/次團隊據以發展周邊TMM。
六、在核心/中介/周邊結構TMM下，成員共享的知識有些相同，有些重疊，也有些互補分布在不同成員間，卻不致彼此衝突或背離整體任務目標。
七、跨領域專案團隊是先就任務模式培養共通理解，然後據以發展協調模式。
在理論方面，本研究放鬆了過往TMM研究的外部預設最佳解、任務目標明確、單一線性收斂、成員均質等研究預設，重新檢視TMM跨越個人和團隊層次動態循環發展的歷程，並且提出從團隊互動層次掌握TMM的方法，促進TMM研究與跨領域團隊之間的相互滋養。
在實務方面，本研究指出跨領域專案團隊形成TMM的關鍵角色之功能和管理重點，也提供管理者根據「議題、前提、術語」的表徵，診斷跨領域專案團隊之TMM發展狀態，以及導引團隊朝向收斂效率還是發散創意的方法。		zh_TW
dc.description.abstract (摘要) This dissertation explored the developmental process of team mental model (TMM) in an interdisciplinary project team. TMM has been recognized as one of the most relevant constructs in collective cognitive and team learning. Prior researches acknowledged the contribution of TMM to team performance; teams with better TMM perform better. Limited empirical TMM researches were focused on action teams working on structured tasks like PC-based command and control simulations, cockpits, air traffic control towers, or military missions. Disagreed results emerged in teams dealing with knowledge integration however. This student attributed said discrpancy to some presumptions due to traditonal TMM researches. The objective of this research was to investigate how TMM is developed with those presumptions lifted.
This study used a single case approach. In this interdisciplinary project, artists and engineers alien to each other were recruited to build a mechanical flower in twenty two months. Team members were interviewed to rebuild the process from which following findings were inferred in a team that requires knowledge integration:
1. A project initiator inherent to an interdisciplinary team substantially defines the initializing vector of the TMM.
2. The process by which a proposal becomes part of the TMM can be operationalized as a role transition of that proposal from a theme to a premise in the team. Each TMM ingredient is characterized as a team-specific jargon.
3. Proposals accepted and rejected by the team both constitute the TMM and influence the following development.
4. The TMM is developed as a layered conformal structure. More stable and shared by all members, the core TMM is interfaced by the intermediary TMM to the peripheral TMM. The peripheral TMM is shared only by subgroup members. With such a structure, decisions and actions are locally performed without departing from the core TMM.
This research contributed to the TMM community by explicating the complex process and contents of the TMM developed in a cocreating team. The goal as well as the strategy was negotiated and cocreated by team members along their way to the end. Thus, both the research method and the findings of this study paved a way to facilitate cross fertilizing between TMM researchers and interdisciplinary fields.
This research also provided interdisciplinary team leaders with tools to deploy key members, to diagnose the TMM development, and to balance the team between inertia and momentum. Finally, research limitations and future research suggestions are discussed.		en_US
dc.description.tableofcontents 摘要……………………………………………………………………………………… I
Abstract………………………………………………………………………… III
目錄……………………………………………………………………………………… V
圖次……………………………………………………………………………………… VII
表次……………………………………………………………………………………… VIII
第一章 緒論……………………………………………………………… 1
第一節 研究背景與動機…………………………………………… 1
第二節 研究目的與提問…………………………………………… 7
第三節 名詞定義………………………………………………………… 9
第二章 文獻回顧……………………………………………………… 11
第一節 TMM…………………………………………………………………… 12
第二節 記憶系統─試誤調適和精熟反應……………… 33
第三節 鷹架─循循善誘互動學習…………………………… 42
第三章 研究方法……………………………………………………… 52
第一節 研究設計………………………………………………………… 52
第二節 個案選取………………………………………………………… 54
第三節 資料蒐集………………………………………………………… 61
第四節 資料分析………………………………………………………… 67
第四章 個案概觀……………………………………………………… 71
第一節 成員群像………………………………………………………… 71
第二節 個案事件………………………………………………………… 81
第三節 「綻放」專案團隊形成TMM的歷程………… 86
第五章 討論與研究發現………………………………………… 103
第一節 「綻放」團隊TMM的跡證………………………… 103
第二節 「綻放」團隊形成TMM的歷程………………… 110
第三節 TMM演化的階段與軌跡………………………………… 138
第四節 命題推導………………………………………………………………… 148
第六章 結論、研究貢獻、限制與建議………………………… 153
第一節 結論…………………………………………………………………… 153
第二節 研究貢獻…………………………………………………………… 156
第三節 實務意涵…………………………………………………………… 161
第四節 研究限制與後續研究建議…………………………… 165
參考文獻………………………………………………………………………………… 169		zh_TW
dc.source.uri (資料來源) http://thesis.lib.nccu.edu.tw/record/#G0983595011en_US
dc.subject (關鍵詞) 團隊共享心智模式zh_TW
dc.subject (關鍵詞) 跨領域專案團隊zh_TW
dc.subject (關鍵詞) 團隊協作zh_TW
dc.subject (關鍵詞) 專案管理zh_TW
dc.subject (關鍵詞) Team mental modelen_US
dc.subject (關鍵詞) Interdisciplinaryen_US
dc.subject (關鍵詞) Project teamen_US
dc.subject (關鍵詞) Cocreationen_US
dc.title (題名) 跨領域專案團隊培養共享心智模式的歷程─2010台北國際花卉博覽會夢想館綻放專案之個案研究zh_TW
dc.title (題名) The Developmental Process of Team Mental Model in an Interdisciplinary Project Team- A Case Study of the Blossom Project in the Pavilion of Dreams of the 2010 Taipei International Flora Expositionen_US
dc.type (資料類型) thesisen_US
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