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題名 非政府組織採用並使用社交媒體呈現非物質遺產及展現柬埔寨藝術—以Phare Ponleu Selpak和Phare表演社會企業為例
NGO Adoption and Use of Social Media for Portraying Intangible Heritage and Celebrating Cambodian Arts: A Case Study on Phare Ponleu Selpak and Phare Performing Social Enterprise作者 凱洛琳
Hosey, Mary Caroline貢獻者 方孝謙
Fong, Shiaw-Chian
凱洛琳
Mary Caroline Hosey關鍵詞 非政府組織
社會企業
社交媒體使用
非物質遺產
Nongovernmental organization
Social enterprise
Social media adoption and use
Intangible heritage日期 2018 上傳時間 12-Jun-2018 18:01:28 (UTC+8) 摘要 AbstractThere has been extensive literature published about NGO adoption and use of social media, however these studies have only focused on large, and primarily Western operated organizations, while research on NGO and social enterprise adoption in emergent nations is drastically limited. Cambodia was particularly relevant for a study on social media, because in fact Facebook has surpassed television as Cambodian people’s main source for gathering news. In particular this research focused on a famous Khmer-owned NGO, Phare Ponleu Selpak and their sister organization the Phare Performing Social Enterprise. This organization is well-known in Cambodia, because they produce world-renowned visual and performing artists, and are especially known for the circus, which is a major tourism attraction in Siem Reap. In this anthropological, exploratory case study, I conducted in-depth interviews with key staff members and executed a thematic analysis of PPSA and PPSE’s social media platforms in order to unveil the reasons for social media adoption as well as an in-depth analysis of the strategies involved. The results indicated that community engagement and organizational transparency were the key indicators for social media adoption. For strategy, community engagement and informational postings were also more important than posts that prompted actions such as donating, voting, or participating. Finally, social media was seen as a vital tool in the dissemination of information about Cambodian arts and intangible heritages, because Facebook has become the key source for information in Cambodia due to the state owned media. Therefore, Cambodians are able to learn about their history and the arts by following PPSA and PPSE, particularly on Facebook. Furthermore, tourists can also celebrate and learn about Cambodian art and intangible heritage through these social media channels. Keywords: Nongovernmental Organization, Social Enterprise, Social Media, Social Media Adoption and Use, Intangible Heritage 參考文獻 Babbie, E. R. (2014). The practice of social research. Boston, MA: Cengage Learning.Berg, B. L., & Lune, H. (2014). Pearson new international edition: qualitative research methods for the social sciences, eighth edition. Boston: Pearson.Berthon, P. R., Pitt, L. F., Plangger, K., & Shapiro, D. (2012). Marketing meets Web 2.0, social media, and creative consumers: Implications for international marketing strategy. Business Horizons,55(3), 261-271. doi:10.1016/j.bushor.2012.01.007Burger, R., Dasgupta, I., & Owens, T. (2015). A Model of Nongovernmental Organization Regulation with an Application to Uganda. Economic Development and Cultural Change, 64(1), 71-111. doi:10.1086/682885Chen, D. (n.d.). As Khmer Rouge guerrillas in the `70s, they took part in genocide. Now, as Christians, they ask for forgiveness. Retrieved April 14, 2017, from http://www.latimes.com/world/asia/la-fg-cambodia-christians-2016-story.htmlCirque du Monde | Global Citizenship. (n.d.). Retrieved April 09, 2017, from https://www.cirquedusoleil.com/en/about/global-citizenship/social-circus/cirque-du-monde.aspxConCERT Cambodia Homepage. (n.d.). Retrieved April 09, 2017, from http://concertcambodia.org/Curry, L. A., Nembhard, I. M., & Bradley, E. H. (2009). Qualitative and mixed methods provide unique contributions to outcome research. Circulation, 119 (10), 1442Dacin, P. A., Dacin, M. T., & Matear, M. (2010). Social Entrepreneurship: Why We Don‘t Need a New Theory and How We Move Forward From Here. The Academy of Management Perspectives, 24(3), 37–57. Dart R. (2004). The legitimacy of social enterprise. Nonprofit Management & Leadership, 14 (4), 411-424.Dawson, C. (2002). Practical research methods: a user-friendly guide to mastering research techniques and projects: How To Books Ltd. Dees, J. G. (1998). The meaning of social entrepreneurship. Idea.Dorsey, E. R., Steeves, H. L., & Porras, L. E. (2004). Advertising ecotourism on the internet: commodifying environment and culture. New Media & Society, 6(6), 753-779. Doi:10.1177/146144804044328Duggan, S. J. (1996). Education, Teacher Training and Prospects for EconomicRecovery in Cambodia. Comparative Education,32(3), 361-376. Doi:10.1080/03050069628768Duxbury, N., Gillette, E., & Pepper, K. (2007). Exploring the Cultural Dimensions of Sustainability . Retrieved June 17, 2017, from https://www.creativecity.ca/database/files/library/Creative_City_News_E.pdfFernando, R. (2017, July 19). Social Enterprise. Retrieved April 17, 2018, from http://socialwork.oxfordre.com/view/10.1093/acrefore/9780199975839.001.0001/acrefore-9780199975839-e-1027GetachewA, A. (2014). Circus Ethiopia: Dilemmas of a Development- oriented Entertainment NGO in Ethiopia. Africa Development,XXXIX(4), 21-44. Retrieved May 15, 2017.Gleeson, B & Low, N ‘Cities as consumers of the world’s environment’ Consuming Cities (2000) London, Routledge; page 6. Global Foot Prints (2017) What is sustainability? (n.d.). Retrieved June 16, 2017, from http://www.globalfootprints.org/sustainabilityGraham, L. R. (2009). Problematizing Technologies for Documenting Intangible Culture: Some Positive and Negative Consequences. Intangible Heritage Embodied,185-200. doi:10.1007/978-1-4419-0072-2_10Hawkes,J. (2004). The fourth pillar of sustainability: cultures essential role in public planning. Melbourne: Cultural Development Network.Honey, M., & Gilpin, R. (2009) Tourism in the Developing World: Promoting Peace and Reducing Poverty. Washington: United States Institute for PeaceHosey, M. C. (2017, February 8). Experience Cambodian Arts at Phare Ponleu Selpak in Battambang, Cambodia. Retrieved April 14, 2017, from http://www.theinternationalwanderer.com/blog/item/experience-cambodian-arts-at-phare-ponleu-selpak-in-battambang-cambodiaICT. (n.d.). Retrieved June 05, 2017, from https://techterms.com/definition/ictIntangible Cultural Heritage. (n.d.). Retrieved April 16, 2018, from https://ich.unesco.org/en/what-is-intangible-heritage-00003Jurigová, Z. (2016). Tourism: New Destination of Global Business Environment. International Advances in Economic Research,22(3), 351-352. doi:10.1007/s11294-016-9584-xKent, M. L., Taylor, M., & White, W. J. (2003). The relationship between Web site design and organizational responsiveness to stakeholders. Public Relations Review, 29, 63-77.Kirshenblatt-Gimblett, B. (2004). Intangible Heritage as Metacultural Production1. Museum International,56(1-2), 52-65. doi:10.1111/j.1350-0775.2004.00458.xKirtiş, A. K., & Karahan, F. (2011). To be or not to ne in social media arena as the most cost-efficient marketing strategy after the global recession. Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences, 24, 260-268. doi:10.1016/j.sbspro.2011.09.083Laine, M. (2016). Culture in sustainability – defining cultural sustainability in education. Discourse and Communication for Sustainable Education,7(2). doi:10.1515/dcse-2016-0016 Lee, M., & Kotler, P. (2012). Social marketing influencing behaviors for good. Retrieved June 5, 2017, from http://www.socialmarketingservice.com/site/assets/files/1010/socmkt_primer.pdfLee, N., & Kotler, P. (2016). Social marketing: changing behaviors for good. Thousand Oaks (California): SAGELeeuwen, T.V., & Jewitt, C. (2013). Handbook of visual analysis. Los Angeles: SageLeitsinger, M. (2010, July 26). A timeline of the Khmer Rouge regime and its aftermath. Retrieved April 14, 2017, from http://edition.cnn.com/2010/WORLD/asiapcf/07/25/cambodia.khmer.rouge.timeline/Lovejoy, K., & Saxton, G. D. (2012). Information, community, and action: How nonprofit organizations use social media*. Journal of Computer-Mediated Communication,17(3), 337-353. doi:10.1111/j.1083-6101.2012.01576.x Macnamara, J., & Zerfass, A. (2012). Social media communication in organizations: The challenges of balancing openness, strategy, and management. International Journal of Strategic Communication,6(4), 287-308. doi:10.1080/1553118x.2012.711402McGloin, C. (2016, September 18). 7 amazing places to visit in Cambodia. Retrieved April 17, 2018, from https://www.skyscanner.net/news/7-best-places-visit-cambodiaMap of Provincial Boundaries in Cambodia. (2017, April 14). Retrieved June 09, 2017, from https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cambodia#/media/File:Provincial_Boundaries_in_Cambodia.svgMar, T. (2005, December). Inventory of intangible cultural heritage of cambodia methods and approaches. Retrieved April 20, 2018, from https://www.accu.or.jp/ich/en/pdf/c2005subreg_RP3.pdfMartin, R. L., & Osberg, S. (2007). 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Report of the world commission on environment and development: Our common future. Retrieved June 16, 2017, from http://www.un-documents.net/our-common-future.pdf World Tourism Organization UNWTO. (n.d.). Retrieved April 12, 2017, from http://www2.unwto.org/content/why-tourismWynhoven, U. (n.d.). Social sustainability. Retrieved June 19, 2017, from https://www.unglobalcompact.org/what-is-gc/our-work/socialYin, R.K. (2009) Case study research: design and methods (4. Ed.) Thousand Oaks, California: Sage Publications 描述 碩士
國立政治大學
國際傳播英語碩士學位學程(IMICS)
105461029資料來源 http://thesis.lib.nccu.edu.tw/record/#G0105461029 資料類型 thesis dc.contributor.advisor 方孝謙 zh_TW dc.contributor.advisor Fong, Shiaw-Chian en_US dc.contributor.author (Authors) 凱洛琳 zh_TW dc.contributor.author (Authors) Mary Caroline Hosey en_US dc.creator (作者) 凱洛琳 zh_TW dc.creator (作者) Hosey, Mary Caroline en_US dc.date (日期) 2018 en_US dc.date.accessioned 12-Jun-2018 18:01:28 (UTC+8) - dc.date.available 12-Jun-2018 18:01:28 (UTC+8) - dc.date.issued (上傳時間) 12-Jun-2018 18:01:28 (UTC+8) - dc.identifier (Other Identifiers) G0105461029 en_US dc.identifier.uri (URI) http://nccur.lib.nccu.edu.tw/handle/140.119/117659 - dc.description (描述) 碩士 zh_TW dc.description (描述) 國立政治大學 zh_TW dc.description (描述) 國際傳播英語碩士學位學程(IMICS) zh_TW dc.description (描述) 105461029 zh_TW dc.description.abstract (摘要) AbstractThere has been extensive literature published about NGO adoption and use of social media, however these studies have only focused on large, and primarily Western operated organizations, while research on NGO and social enterprise adoption in emergent nations is drastically limited. Cambodia was particularly relevant for a study on social media, because in fact Facebook has surpassed television as Cambodian people’s main source for gathering news. In particular this research focused on a famous Khmer-owned NGO, Phare Ponleu Selpak and their sister organization the Phare Performing Social Enterprise. This organization is well-known in Cambodia, because they produce world-renowned visual and performing artists, and are especially known for the circus, which is a major tourism attraction in Siem Reap. In this anthropological, exploratory case study, I conducted in-depth interviews with key staff members and executed a thematic analysis of PPSA and PPSE’s social media platforms in order to unveil the reasons for social media adoption as well as an in-depth analysis of the strategies involved. The results indicated that community engagement and organizational transparency were the key indicators for social media adoption. For strategy, community engagement and informational postings were also more important than posts that prompted actions such as donating, voting, or participating. Finally, social media was seen as a vital tool in the dissemination of information about Cambodian arts and intangible heritages, because Facebook has become the key source for information in Cambodia due to the state owned media. Therefore, Cambodians are able to learn about their history and the arts by following PPSA and PPSE, particularly on Facebook. Furthermore, tourists can also celebrate and learn about Cambodian art and intangible heritage through these social media channels. Keywords: Nongovernmental Organization, Social Enterprise, Social Media, Social Media Adoption and Use, Intangible Heritage en_US dc.description.tableofcontents Table of ContentsList Of Figures ivList of Tables vChapter 1 1Introduction 11.1 Research Background 31.2 Research Purpose 5Chapter 2 Literature Review 72.1 Nongovernmental Organizations (NGO) 82.1.1 Phare Ponleu Selpak 92.2 The Social Enterprise 102.2.1 Phare Performing Social Enterprise 112.3 Cambodia’s History: The Khmer Rouge Regime 132.4 Tourism in Cambodia 152.5 Sustainability 182.5.1 Cultural Sustainability 222.5.2 Social Sustainability 242.5.3 Sustainable Tourism 252.6 Intangible Heritage 272.6.1 Inventory of Intangible Heritage in Cambodia 282.7 Social Media 292.8 NGO Adoption and Use of Social Media 332.8.1 NGO Adoption of Social Media Model 352.8.2 NGO Use of Social Media 37Chapter 3 40Research Methodology 403.1 Method Introduction 403.1.1 Content Analysis 433.1.2 Digital Ethnography 443.1.3 Qualitative Interviews 463.2 Data Analysis 493.3 Research Location 54Chapter 4 55Results 554.1 Adoption of Social Media 554.1.1 Strategy 564.1.2 Capacity 594.1.3 Governance 634.1.4 Environment 654.1.5 Community Engagement 674.1.6 Transparency 714.2 Information, Community, and Action 734.3 Social Media Themes 774.3.2 Community Stories 864.3.3 Sustainability 90Chapter 5 97Conclusion and Discussion 975.1 Conclusion 975.2 Discussions 1015.3 Future Research: 103Sources: 103Appendix 1: Interview Questions 110Appendix 2: Interview Consent Form 113 zh_TW dc.format.extent 13752074 bytes - dc.format.mimetype application/pdf - dc.source.uri (資料來源) http://thesis.lib.nccu.edu.tw/record/#G0105461029 en_US dc.subject (關鍵詞) 非政府組織 zh_TW dc.subject (關鍵詞) 社會企業 zh_TW dc.subject (關鍵詞) 社交媒體使用 zh_TW dc.subject (關鍵詞) 非物質遺產 zh_TW dc.subject (關鍵詞) Nongovernmental organization en_US dc.subject (關鍵詞) Social enterprise en_US dc.subject (關鍵詞) Social media adoption and use en_US dc.subject (關鍵詞) Intangible heritage en_US dc.title (題名) 非政府組織採用並使用社交媒體呈現非物質遺產及展現柬埔寨藝術—以Phare Ponleu Selpak和Phare表演社會企業為例 zh_TW dc.title (題名) NGO Adoption and Use of Social Media for Portraying Intangible Heritage and Celebrating Cambodian Arts: A Case Study on Phare Ponleu Selpak and Phare Performing Social Enterprise en_US dc.type (資料類型) thesis en_US dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Babbie, E. R. (2014). The practice of social research. Boston, MA: Cengage Learning.Berg, B. L., & Lune, H. (2014). Pearson new international edition: qualitative research methods for the social sciences, eighth edition. Boston: Pearson.Berthon, P. R., Pitt, L. F., Plangger, K., & Shapiro, D. (2012). Marketing meets Web 2.0, social media, and creative consumers: Implications for international marketing strategy. Business Horizons,55(3), 261-271. doi:10.1016/j.bushor.2012.01.007Burger, R., Dasgupta, I., & Owens, T. (2015). A Model of Nongovernmental Organization Regulation with an Application to Uganda. Economic Development and Cultural Change, 64(1), 71-111. doi:10.1086/682885Chen, D. (n.d.). As Khmer Rouge guerrillas in the `70s, they took part in genocide. Now, as Christians, they ask for forgiveness. Retrieved April 14, 2017, from http://www.latimes.com/world/asia/la-fg-cambodia-christians-2016-story.htmlCirque du Monde | Global Citizenship. (n.d.). Retrieved April 09, 2017, from https://www.cirquedusoleil.com/en/about/global-citizenship/social-circus/cirque-du-monde.aspxConCERT Cambodia Homepage. (n.d.). Retrieved April 09, 2017, from http://concertcambodia.org/Curry, L. A., Nembhard, I. M., & Bradley, E. H. (2009). Qualitative and mixed methods provide unique contributions to outcome research. Circulation, 119 (10), 1442Dacin, P. A., Dacin, M. T., & Matear, M. (2010). Social Entrepreneurship: Why We Don‘t Need a New Theory and How We Move Forward From Here. The Academy of Management Perspectives, 24(3), 37–57. Dart R. (2004). The legitimacy of social enterprise. Nonprofit Management & Leadership, 14 (4), 411-424.Dawson, C. (2002). Practical research methods: a user-friendly guide to mastering research techniques and projects: How To Books Ltd. Dees, J. G. (1998). The meaning of social entrepreneurship. Idea.Dorsey, E. R., Steeves, H. L., & Porras, L. E. (2004). Advertising ecotourism on the internet: commodifying environment and culture. New Media & Society, 6(6), 753-779. Doi:10.1177/146144804044328Duggan, S. J. (1996). Education, Teacher Training and Prospects for EconomicRecovery in Cambodia. Comparative Education,32(3), 361-376. Doi:10.1080/03050069628768Duxbury, N., Gillette, E., & Pepper, K. (2007). Exploring the Cultural Dimensions of Sustainability . Retrieved June 17, 2017, from https://www.creativecity.ca/database/files/library/Creative_City_News_E.pdfFernando, R. (2017, July 19). Social Enterprise. Retrieved April 17, 2018, from http://socialwork.oxfordre.com/view/10.1093/acrefore/9780199975839.001.0001/acrefore-9780199975839-e-1027GetachewA, A. (2014). Circus Ethiopia: Dilemmas of a Development- oriented Entertainment NGO in Ethiopia. Africa Development,XXXIX(4), 21-44. Retrieved May 15, 2017.Gleeson, B & Low, N ‘Cities as consumers of the world’s environment’ Consuming Cities (2000) London, Routledge; page 6. Global Foot Prints (2017) What is sustainability? (n.d.). Retrieved June 16, 2017, from http://www.globalfootprints.org/sustainabilityGraham, L. R. (2009). Problematizing Technologies for Documenting Intangible Culture: Some Positive and Negative Consequences. Intangible Heritage Embodied,185-200. doi:10.1007/978-1-4419-0072-2_10Hawkes,J. (2004). The fourth pillar of sustainability: cultures essential role in public planning. Melbourne: Cultural Development Network.Honey, M., & Gilpin, R. (2009) Tourism in the Developing World: Promoting Peace and Reducing Poverty. Washington: United States Institute for PeaceHosey, M. C. (2017, February 8). Experience Cambodian Arts at Phare Ponleu Selpak in Battambang, Cambodia. Retrieved April 14, 2017, from http://www.theinternationalwanderer.com/blog/item/experience-cambodian-arts-at-phare-ponleu-selpak-in-battambang-cambodiaICT. (n.d.). Retrieved June 05, 2017, from https://techterms.com/definition/ictIntangible Cultural Heritage. (n.d.). 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