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題名 臺灣頂尖大學的制度環境與行為 : 以西元2000-2015年為例
The Institutional Environment and Behaviors of Taiwan`s Top Universities:Take the year 2000-2015 as an example作者 劉君傑
Liu, Chun-Chieh貢獻者 鄭力軒
Cheng, Li-Hsuan
劉君傑
Liu,Chun-Chieh關鍵詞 高等教育
頂大計畫
國際排名
新制度論
歷史敘事研究法
Higher education
Aim for the top university program
International ranking
New institutionalism
Historical narrative inquiry日期 2018 上傳時間 18-Jul-2018 11:09:15 (UTC+8) 摘要 本文主要探討臺灣頂尖大學在西元2000年之後所產生的行為變革。當時,全球的大學場域正面臨著高等教育邁向國際化的趨勢,而臺灣的大學也在教育部和國科會(科技部)相繼提出的政策引導下,在制度上產生了與過往明顯的不同。這些行為的變化,反映出大學開始重視產學合作、對於國際排名的重視以及自籌性經費的壓力。除此之外,隨著財團法人高等教育評鑑基金會在西元2005年的成立以及教育部在西元2006年針對高等教育制定了為期十年的頂大計畫,這些都影響了臺灣的大學在制定政策上的考量。因此,本研究認為外部環境對高等教育產生的衝擊,讓大學場域轉變為不確定性的狀態,也在此背景之下,頂尖大學才會在後續行為上產生了高度的趨同。本研究透過新制度論所強調的制度同型機制來解釋為什麼當政府對於組織場域的政策加以放寬後,看似會讓組織的制度朝向更加多元的發展,卻反而加劇了組織在制度上的相似。此外,本文透過歷史敘事研究法以及半結構式的訪談,重新呈現臺灣高等教育近二十年來所產生的制度性變遷。此變遷方式,正好體現了組織行為在一開始的政策考量下,可能是來自於政府的規定,但之所以會變成制度化結果,往往是因為組織將制度視為了理所當然,才會導致制度產生了同型化現象。
This thesis examines the behavioral changes of Taiwan`s top universities after year 2000. During this period, the global field was facing of internationalization, and Taiwan`s universities were significantly changed under the policies proposed by the Ministry of Education (MOE) and the National Science Council (later the Ministry of Science and Technology). These changes reflected include industry-university cooperation programs, the emphasis on international rankings, and the pressure of self-generated finance. In addition, the Higher Education Evaluation and Accreditation Council of Taiwan established in 2005 and the the MOE’s Aim for the Top University Program launched in 2006, affected Taiwan’s universities behaviors. I agree that the impact of the aforementioned factors on higher education has turned the field of universities into one that is full of uncertainties. In this background, the behaviors of top universities converged significantly.In this thesis, I apply the concept of new institutional isomorphism of new institutionalism to explore the unexpected convergence under the liberalization that seems the organization`s system will be more diversified, but it will intensify the organization`s similarity in the system. For research methodology, this thesis uses historical narrative inquiry and semi-structured interviews are applied to examine the institutional changes that took place in Taiwan`s higher education over the last 20 years. This transformation reflected the organizational behavior at the beginning of the policy considerations, is from the government`s regulations, but the reason why it will become institutionalized results, often because the organization takes the institution for granted, this lead the institutional isomorphism occurs.參考文獻 壹、中文部分:王明珂, (2012)。 請正視教育部五年五百億 [邁向頂尖大學計劃] 造成的畸形現象~ 一篇在總統大選期間推出但仍未能受到當政者重視的評論文章~。 臺灣教育評論月刊,1(6),23-25.申育誠、闕百華,(2016)。〈日本高等教育國際化的危機與轉機-以世界大學排名為例〉。臺灣教育評論月刊,5(10):129-146。林國明,2003,〈到國家主義之路:路徑依賴與全民健保組織體系的形成〉。臺灣社會學,5,1-71。柯志明,2005,〈歷史的轉向:社會科學與歷史敘事的結合〉。臺灣社會學,10,149-170。胡至沛,2001,新制度主義的檢視與反思。中國行政評論,11(1),145-162。陳力軒,2008,《英國、美國、台灣高等教育評鑑制度之比較研究》。臺北:國立臺灣師範大學教育政策與行政研究所。陳宣瑜,2008,〈世界大學排名,陽明首度超越成大〉。自由時報,10月15日,http://www.epochtimes.com/b5/8/10/15/n2296812.htm。陳昱瑾,2012,《以系統思考探討大學評鑑制度對大學教育之影響》。高雄:國立中山大學企業管理學系。陳韻如,2004,台灣與法國高等教育制度之比較分析研究-以學校結構及入學制度為例。成功大學教育研究所學位論文,1-189。秦夢群,2012,〈臺灣高等教育評鑑制度與實施之分析研究〉。《教育資料與研究》2(7):105-142翁翠萍,2006,〈杜正勝:將邀大學校長討論未來十年高教藍圖〉。中央通訊社,2月23日,http://www.epochtimes.com/b5/6/2/23/n1234484.htm。黃彥瑜,2008,〈THES全球最佳大學排行,清大躍升至281名〉。中央通訊社,10月14日,http://www.epochtimes.com/b5/8/10/14/n2296334.htm。黃以敬,2003,〈大專論文數評比,政大落居48名〉。自由時報,10月21日,https://www.epochtimes.com/b5/3/10/21/n397169.htm。彭明輝,2011,〈五年五百億,造成學術沉淪〉。蘋果日報,5月23日,https://tw.appledaily.com/headline/daily/20110523/33406453。詹盛如,2001,台灣高等教育類型與功能之探討。教育研究資訊,第9 期,99-122。顏國樑、卓玟琪 ,2010,由全球性大學排名系統看高等教育國際化指標。學校行政,(68),127-151。戴伯芬,2015,《高教崩壞:市場化、官僚化與少子化的危機》,新北:群學出版社。貳、英文部分:Alford, R. R. (1998). The craft of inquiry. Theories, methods, evidence. Nueva York: Oxford University.Abrams, P. (1982). Historical sociology. Cornell University Press.Fligstein, N. (1997). Social skill and institutional theory. American behavioral scientist, 40(4), 397-405.Hirsch, P. M. (1975). Organizational effectiveness and the institutional environment. Administrative science quarterly, 327-344.James Mahoney (2012). The Logic of Process Tracing Tests in the Social Sciences. Sociological Methods & Research, 41(4), 570-597.Lowndes, V. (2002). Institutionalism. Palgrave.Weber, M. (1978). Economy and Society: An Outline of Interpretive Sociology, trans. Ephraim Fischoff et al. (Berkeley: University of California Press [1922] 1978), 29.March, J. G., & Olsen, J. P. (1976). Organizational Learning and the Ambiguity of the Past. Ambiguity and choice in organizations, 2, 54-68.March, J. G., & Olsen, J. P. (1983). The new institutionalism: Organizational factors in political life. American political science review, 78(3), 734-749.Meyer, J. W.(1977). The effects of education as an institution. American journal of Sociology, 83(1), 55-77.Meyer, J. W., & Rowan, B.(1977). Institutionalized organizations: Formal structure as myth and ceremony. American journal of sociology, 83(2), 340-363.Meyer, J.W., & Scott, W. R.(1975). Organizational influences on educational innovation. Managing Change in Educational Organizations, Berkeley, CA: McCutchan Publishing Corporation, 109-132.Krasner, S. D.(1984). Approaches to the state: Alternative conceptions and historical dynamics.Ostrom, E. (1991). Rational choice theory and institutional analysis: Toward complementarity. American political science review, 85(1), 237-243.Paul J. DiMaggio & Walter W. Powell (1983). The Iron Cage Revisited: Institutional Isomorphism and Collective Rationality in Organizational Fields. American Sociological Review, 48(2), 147-160.Pierson, P. (2011). Politics in time: History, institutions, and social analysis. Princeton University Press.Sewell, W. H. (1996). Three temporalities: Toward an eventful sociology. The historic turn in the human sciences, 98, 245-280.Somers, M. R. (1997). We`re no angels: Realism, rational choice, and relationality in social science.Selznick, P. (1996). Institutionalism" old" and" new". Administrative science quarterly, 270-277.Thompson, J. D. (1967). Organizations in action:Social science bases of administrative theory. Transaction publishers.William Richard Scott (2008). Institutions and organizations. United States of America: SAGE Publications.Espeland, W. N., & Sauder, M. (2007). Rankings and reactivity: How public measures recreate social worlds. American journal of sociology, 113(1), 1-40. 描述 碩士
國立政治大學
社會學系
105254014資料來源 http://thesis.lib.nccu.edu.tw/record/#G1052540141 資料類型 thesis dc.contributor.advisor 鄭力軒 zh_TW dc.contributor.advisor Cheng, Li-Hsuan en_US dc.contributor.author (Authors) 劉君傑 zh_TW dc.contributor.author (Authors) Liu,Chun-Chieh en_US dc.creator (作者) 劉君傑 zh_TW dc.creator (作者) Liu, Chun-Chieh en_US dc.date (日期) 2018 en_US dc.date.accessioned 18-Jul-2018 11:09:15 (UTC+8) - dc.date.available 18-Jul-2018 11:09:15 (UTC+8) - dc.date.issued (上傳時間) 18-Jul-2018 11:09:15 (UTC+8) - dc.identifier (Other Identifiers) G1052540141 en_US dc.identifier.uri (URI) http://nccur.lib.nccu.edu.tw/handle/140.119/118740 - dc.description (描述) 碩士 zh_TW dc.description (描述) 國立政治大學 zh_TW dc.description (描述) 社會學系 zh_TW dc.description (描述) 105254014 zh_TW dc.description.abstract (摘要) 本文主要探討臺灣頂尖大學在西元2000年之後所產生的行為變革。當時,全球的大學場域正面臨著高等教育邁向國際化的趨勢,而臺灣的大學也在教育部和國科會(科技部)相繼提出的政策引導下,在制度上產生了與過往明顯的不同。這些行為的變化,反映出大學開始重視產學合作、對於國際排名的重視以及自籌性經費的壓力。除此之外,隨著財團法人高等教育評鑑基金會在西元2005年的成立以及教育部在西元2006年針對高等教育制定了為期十年的頂大計畫,這些都影響了臺灣的大學在制定政策上的考量。因此,本研究認為外部環境對高等教育產生的衝擊,讓大學場域轉變為不確定性的狀態,也在此背景之下,頂尖大學才會在後續行為上產生了高度的趨同。本研究透過新制度論所強調的制度同型機制來解釋為什麼當政府對於組織場域的政策加以放寬後,看似會讓組織的制度朝向更加多元的發展,卻反而加劇了組織在制度上的相似。此外,本文透過歷史敘事研究法以及半結構式的訪談,重新呈現臺灣高等教育近二十年來所產生的制度性變遷。此變遷方式,正好體現了組織行為在一開始的政策考量下,可能是來自於政府的規定,但之所以會變成制度化結果,往往是因為組織將制度視為了理所當然,才會導致制度產生了同型化現象。 zh_TW dc.description.abstract (摘要) This thesis examines the behavioral changes of Taiwan`s top universities after year 2000. During this period, the global field was facing of internationalization, and Taiwan`s universities were significantly changed under the policies proposed by the Ministry of Education (MOE) and the National Science Council (later the Ministry of Science and Technology). These changes reflected include industry-university cooperation programs, the emphasis on international rankings, and the pressure of self-generated finance. In addition, the Higher Education Evaluation and Accreditation Council of Taiwan established in 2005 and the the MOE’s Aim for the Top University Program launched in 2006, affected Taiwan’s universities behaviors. I agree that the impact of the aforementioned factors on higher education has turned the field of universities into one that is full of uncertainties. In this background, the behaviors of top universities converged significantly.In this thesis, I apply the concept of new institutional isomorphism of new institutionalism to explore the unexpected convergence under the liberalization that seems the organization`s system will be more diversified, but it will intensify the organization`s similarity in the system. For research methodology, this thesis uses historical narrative inquiry and semi-structured interviews are applied to examine the institutional changes that took place in Taiwan`s higher education over the last 20 years. This transformation reflected the organizational behavior at the beginning of the policy considerations, is from the government`s regulations, but the reason why it will become institutionalized results, often because the organization takes the institution for granted, this lead the institutional isomorphism occurs. en_US dc.description.tableofcontents 第一章 緒論 6第一節 研究背景與動機 6第二節 研究問題 9第二章 理論架構 11第一節 文獻回顧 11第二節 新、舊制度理論 15第三章 研究設計 24第一節 研究對象 24第二節 研究方法 29第三節 章節安排 32第四章 臺灣高等教育制度環境的變遷 34第一節 1948-1999年的制度環境 34第二節 2000-2015年的制度環境 39第五章 制度環境下的大學行為 48第一節 教師限期升等 49第二節 教師獎勵辦法 55第六章 結論與貢獻 65第一節 研究結論 65第二節 研究貢獻 67參考文獻與附錄 69 zh_TW dc.format.extent 8534337 bytes - dc.format.mimetype application/pdf - dc.source.uri (資料來源) http://thesis.lib.nccu.edu.tw/record/#G1052540141 en_US dc.subject (關鍵詞) 高等教育 zh_TW dc.subject (關鍵詞) 頂大計畫 zh_TW dc.subject (關鍵詞) 國際排名 zh_TW dc.subject (關鍵詞) 新制度論 zh_TW dc.subject (關鍵詞) 歷史敘事研究法 zh_TW dc.subject (關鍵詞) Higher education en_US dc.subject (關鍵詞) Aim for the top university program en_US dc.subject (關鍵詞) International ranking en_US dc.subject (關鍵詞) New institutionalism en_US dc.subject (關鍵詞) Historical narrative inquiry en_US dc.title (題名) 臺灣頂尖大學的制度環境與行為 : 以西元2000-2015年為例 zh_TW dc.title (題名) The Institutional Environment and Behaviors of Taiwan`s Top Universities:Take the year 2000-2015 as an example en_US dc.type (資料類型) thesis en_US dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 壹、中文部分:王明珂, (2012)。 請正視教育部五年五百億 [邁向頂尖大學計劃] 造成的畸形現象~ 一篇在總統大選期間推出但仍未能受到當政者重視的評論文章~。 臺灣教育評論月刊,1(6),23-25.申育誠、闕百華,(2016)。〈日本高等教育國際化的危機與轉機-以世界大學排名為例〉。臺灣教育評論月刊,5(10):129-146。林國明,2003,〈到國家主義之路:路徑依賴與全民健保組織體系的形成〉。臺灣社會學,5,1-71。柯志明,2005,〈歷史的轉向:社會科學與歷史敘事的結合〉。臺灣社會學,10,149-170。胡至沛,2001,新制度主義的檢視與反思。中國行政評論,11(1),145-162。陳力軒,2008,《英國、美國、台灣高等教育評鑑制度之比較研究》。臺北:國立臺灣師範大學教育政策與行政研究所。陳宣瑜,2008,〈世界大學排名,陽明首度超越成大〉。自由時報,10月15日,http://www.epochtimes.com/b5/8/10/15/n2296812.htm。陳昱瑾,2012,《以系統思考探討大學評鑑制度對大學教育之影響》。高雄:國立中山大學企業管理學系。陳韻如,2004,台灣與法國高等教育制度之比較分析研究-以學校結構及入學制度為例。成功大學教育研究所學位論文,1-189。秦夢群,2012,〈臺灣高等教育評鑑制度與實施之分析研究〉。《教育資料與研究》2(7):105-142翁翠萍,2006,〈杜正勝:將邀大學校長討論未來十年高教藍圖〉。中央通訊社,2月23日,http://www.epochtimes.com/b5/6/2/23/n1234484.htm。黃彥瑜,2008,〈THES全球最佳大學排行,清大躍升至281名〉。中央通訊社,10月14日,http://www.epochtimes.com/b5/8/10/14/n2296334.htm。黃以敬,2003,〈大專論文數評比,政大落居48名〉。自由時報,10月21日,https://www.epochtimes.com/b5/3/10/21/n397169.htm。彭明輝,2011,〈五年五百億,造成學術沉淪〉。蘋果日報,5月23日,https://tw.appledaily.com/headline/daily/20110523/33406453。詹盛如,2001,台灣高等教育類型與功能之探討。教育研究資訊,第9 期,99-122。顏國樑、卓玟琪 ,2010,由全球性大學排名系統看高等教育國際化指標。學校行政,(68),127-151。戴伯芬,2015,《高教崩壞:市場化、官僚化與少子化的危機》,新北:群學出版社。貳、英文部分:Alford, R. R. (1998). The craft of inquiry. Theories, methods, evidence. Nueva York: Oxford University.Abrams, P. (1982). Historical sociology. Cornell University Press.Fligstein, N. (1997). Social skill and institutional theory. American behavioral scientist, 40(4), 397-405.Hirsch, P. M. (1975). Organizational effectiveness and the institutional environment. Administrative science quarterly, 327-344.James Mahoney (2012). The Logic of Process Tracing Tests in the Social Sciences. Sociological Methods & Research, 41(4), 570-597.Lowndes, V. (2002). Institutionalism. Palgrave.Weber, M. (1978). Economy and Society: An Outline of Interpretive Sociology, trans. Ephraim Fischoff et al. (Berkeley: University of California Press [1922] 1978), 29.March, J. G., & Olsen, J. P. (1976). Organizational Learning and the Ambiguity of the Past. Ambiguity and choice in organizations, 2, 54-68.March, J. G., & Olsen, J. P. (1983). The new institutionalism: Organizational factors in political life. American political science review, 78(3), 734-749.Meyer, J. W.(1977). The effects of education as an institution. American journal of Sociology, 83(1), 55-77.Meyer, J. W., & Rowan, B.(1977). Institutionalized organizations: Formal structure as myth and ceremony. American journal of sociology, 83(2), 340-363.Meyer, J.W., & Scott, W. R.(1975). Organizational influences on educational innovation. Managing Change in Educational Organizations, Berkeley, CA: McCutchan Publishing Corporation, 109-132.Krasner, S. D.(1984). Approaches to the state: Alternative conceptions and historical dynamics.Ostrom, E. (1991). Rational choice theory and institutional analysis: Toward complementarity. American political science review, 85(1), 237-243.Paul J. DiMaggio & Walter W. Powell (1983). The Iron Cage Revisited: Institutional Isomorphism and Collective Rationality in Organizational Fields. American Sociological Review, 48(2), 147-160.Pierson, P. (2011). Politics in time: History, institutions, and social analysis. Princeton University Press.Sewell, W. H. (1996). Three temporalities: Toward an eventful sociology. The historic turn in the human sciences, 98, 245-280.Somers, M. R. (1997). We`re no angels: Realism, rational choice, and relationality in social science.Selznick, P. (1996). Institutionalism" old" and" new". Administrative science quarterly, 270-277.Thompson, J. D. (1967). Organizations in action:Social science bases of administrative theory. Transaction publishers.William Richard Scott (2008). Institutions and organizations. United States of America: SAGE Publications.Espeland, W. N., & Sauder, M. (2007). Rankings and reactivity: How public measures recreate social worlds. American journal of sociology, 113(1), 1-40. zh_TW dc.identifier.doi (DOI) 10.6814/THE.NCCU.SOC.003.2018.F04 -