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題名 英⽂學術論⽂中[N1 of N2]構式之探討
Investigating English [N1 of N2] Constructions in Academic Writing
作者 陳立茵
Chen, Li-Yin
貢獻者 鍾曉芳
Chung, Siaw-Fong
陳立茵
Chen, Li-Yin
關鍵詞 of
of -構式
N1 of N2
語意關係
學術論文
BNC語料庫
of
Of-construction
N1 of N2
Semantic relations
Academic writing
British National Corpus
日期 2018
上傳時間 31-七月-2018 13:43:47 (UTC+8)
摘要 英文中的[N1 of N2] 構式(e.g., every corner of the world) 涵蓋不同種類的名詞組，被英文的介系詞of 所連接。這兩個名詞組分別存在於of 的前後卻產生許多不同的語意關係(semantic relations)，其中最常討論到的為部分－整體關係(part-whole) 如：the rim of the mug 以及關係詞語(relational terms) ， 如：the mother of the bride (e.g., Langacker, 1999)。雖然[N1 of N2] 這個構式常在英語學術言談的文獻中被提到(e.g., Biber, Johansson, Leech, Conrad & Finegan, 1999; Biber & Gray, 2010; Simpson-Vlach & Ellis, 2010)，卻尚少有針對此構式做一個比較完整的研究來了解這些不同的語意關係是否有相關性。因此，本論文的研究目的為探討不同的of -構式，藉此找出它們的語意關係之間的連結，並了它們如何幫助學術論文作者在文章傳遞訊息。本論文採用量化為本的認知語意學為理論架構，針對在British National Corpus 語料庫中的of -構式進行研究。研究結果發現相對於語意關係的分類，N1 和N2 的語意類別無法全然解釋of -構式中不同的語意。此外，研究結果顯示在學術論文中of -構式大多為名詞化的動詞(例如，combination of words) 或是動名詞（如，the advancing of organized interests)，這些of -構式主要有兩個功能，首先，此構式本身可以不用標記施事者，並且在當做主詞時可以取代施事者(agent)，可以降低明定施事者的風險，而達到謹言慎行(hedging) 的效果。of -構式的第二個功能是可以概括前文(encapsulation) 以一個總結的方式作為主詞，以利後續的銜接(e.g., Sinclair, 1993)。另外，本論文應用多變量分析來找出特定的模式，如，使用covarying collexeme analysis 找出專有名詞為of -構式中最具典範的例子。使用hiearchical configural frequency analysis 發現of -構式在不同的句法位置中，有不同的修飾模式會出現，當它在主詞中出現時，N1 大多會有前方修飾語(premodifier) 但卻比較不會被後方修飾語(postmodifier)。當它出現在受詞中，後修飾語常一起出現，卻比較不會有前修飾語。最後，of -構式在學術論文中有可能是一個很重要的評論媒介，可以把評論放如前修飾語中或以名詞的方式出現。本論為最後提出一個教學應用來提升學習者對of -構式的了解以及一些例子用來提升學習者對of -構式在agent demotion 使用上的理解。
English [N1 of N2] constructions (e.g., every corner of the world) consist of a
wide range of nominal groups that are linked by the most commonly found preposition of. The two nominal groups that precede and follow of vary with their semantic relations such as part-whole relations (e.g., the rim of the mug) and relational terms (e.g., the mother of the bride) (e.g., Langacker, 1999). Although the [N1 of N2] constructions (henceforth, of -constructions) have been constantly mentioned in recent studies of English academic discourse (e.g., Biber, Johansson, Leech, Conrad & Finegan, 1999; Biber & Gray, 2010; Simpson-Vlach & Ellis, 2010), not much work has been devoted to considering of -constructions from a comprehensive perspective, i.e., how the varieties of of -constructions are congruent in meaning. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to examine the extent to which the different types of of -constructions are linked by various semantic relations and how they are distributed in academic writing and their functions. By adopting a quantification-based Cognitive Semantics approach, this study investigated of -constructions in the academic sub-corpus of the written British National Corpus using the platform BNCweb. Our analysis demonstrate that categorization of semantic categories of N1 and N2 nominal heads is not sufficient to capture the full spectrum of meanings of of -constructions as compared to using semantic relations. The results also show that there is a prevalence of of -constructions involving actions by means of deverbal nominalization (e.g., combination of words) or nominal gerunds (e.g., the advancing of organized interests) in academic writing. In association with these nominalized lexical items, two important functions were identified at the subject position. First, the construction allows a demotion of agent, or a substitution of the of -construction for an agentive subject, possibly to hedge the statement and demonstrate objectivity. The second function is an encapsulation function (Sinclair, 1993) that restates previous statements which in turn sets up the stage or acts as a theme for the academic discourse to build on (e.g., The assessment of practical subjects and their funding remains a problem…). Application of multivariate analyses identified some interesting patterns. First, the covarying collexeme analysis identifies proper names as the most prototypical of -constructions. Another interesting finding using the hiearchical configural frequency analysis is that at different syntactic positions, the of -construction is modified differently. When appearing at the subject position, N1 tends to be premodified but not postmodified. When appearing at the object position, the of -construction is more likely to be postmodified but not premodified at all. This modification pattern appears to allow a quick access to the main verb for ease of processing. Finally, the of -construction could contain evaluative premodifiers (e.g., user-friendly) or evaluative nominal groups (e.g., importance) for evaluation. Towards the end of this study, applications to pedagogy involving a mini corpus and instruction for teaching agent demotion were designed to raise learner’s awareness of the semantic relations of of -constructions.
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描述 博士
國立政治大學
英國語文學系
98551505
資料來源 http://thesis.lib.nccu.edu.tw/record/#G0985515052
資料類型 thesis
dc.contributor.advisor 鍾曉芳zh_TW
dc.contributor.advisor Chung, Siaw-Fongen_US
dc.contributor.author (作者) 陳立茵zh_TW
dc.contributor.author (作者) Chen, Li-Yinen_US
dc.creator (作者) 陳立茵zh_TW
dc.creator (作者) Chen, Li-Yinen_US
dc.date (日期) 2018en_US
dc.date.accessioned 31-七月-2018 13:43:47 (UTC+8)-
dc.date.available 31-七月-2018 13:43:47 (UTC+8)-
dc.date.issued (上傳時間) 31-七月-2018 13:43:47 (UTC+8)-
dc.identifier (其他 識別碼) G0985515052en_US
dc.identifier.uri (URI) http://nccur.lib.nccu.edu.tw/handle/140.119/119083-
dc.description (描述) 博士zh_TW
dc.description (描述) 國立政治大學zh_TW
dc.description (描述) 英國語文學系zh_TW
dc.description (描述) 98551505zh_TW
dc.description.abstract (摘要) 英文中的[N1 of N2] 構式(e.g., every corner of the world) 涵蓋不同種類的名詞組，被英文的介系詞of 所連接。這兩個名詞組分別存在於of 的前後卻產生許多不同的語意關係(semantic relations)，其中最常討論到的為部分－整體關係(part-whole) 如：the rim of the mug 以及關係詞語(relational terms) ， 如：the mother of the bride (e.g., Langacker, 1999)。雖然[N1 of N2] 這個構式常在英語學術言談的文獻中被提到(e.g., Biber, Johansson, Leech, Conrad & Finegan, 1999; Biber & Gray, 2010; Simpson-Vlach & Ellis, 2010)，卻尚少有針對此構式做一個比較完整的研究來了解這些不同的語意關係是否有相關性。因此，本論文的研究目的為探討不同的of -構式，藉此找出它們的語意關係之間的連結，並了它們如何幫助學術論文作者在文章傳遞訊息。本論文採用量化為本的認知語意學為理論架構，針對在British National Corpus 語料庫中的of -構式進行研究。研究結果發現相對於語意關係的分類，N1 和N2 的語意類別無法全然解釋of -構式中不同的語意。此外，研究結果顯示在學術論文中of -構式大多為名詞化的動詞(例如，combination of words) 或是動名詞（如，the advancing of organized interests)，這些of -構式主要有兩個功能，首先，此構式本身可以不用標記施事者，並且在當做主詞時可以取代施事者(agent)，可以降低明定施事者的風險，而達到謹言慎行(hedging) 的效果。of -構式的第二個功能是可以概括前文(encapsulation) 以一個總結的方式作為主詞，以利後續的銜接(e.g., Sinclair, 1993)。另外，本論文應用多變量分析來找出特定的模式，如，使用covarying collexeme analysis 找出專有名詞為of -構式中最具典範的例子。使用hiearchical configural frequency analysis 發現of -構式在不同的句法位置中，有不同的修飾模式會出現，當它在主詞中出現時，N1 大多會有前方修飾語(premodifier) 但卻比較不會被後方修飾語(postmodifier)。當它出現在受詞中，後修飾語常一起出現，卻比較不會有前修飾語。最後，of -構式在學術論文中有可能是一個很重要的評論媒介，可以把評論放如前修飾語中或以名詞的方式出現。本論為最後提出一個教學應用來提升學習者對of -構式的了解以及一些例子用來提升學習者對of -構式在agent demotion 使用上的理解。zh_TW
dc.description.abstract (摘要) English [N1 of N2] constructions (e.g., every corner of the world) consist of a
wide range of nominal groups that are linked by the most commonly found preposition of. The two nominal groups that precede and follow of vary with their semantic relations such as part-whole relations (e.g., the rim of the mug) and relational terms (e.g., the mother of the bride) (e.g., Langacker, 1999). Although the [N1 of N2] constructions (henceforth, of -constructions) have been constantly mentioned in recent studies of English academic discourse (e.g., Biber, Johansson, Leech, Conrad & Finegan, 1999; Biber & Gray, 2010; Simpson-Vlach & Ellis, 2010), not much work has been devoted to considering of -constructions from a comprehensive perspective, i.e., how the varieties of of -constructions are congruent in meaning. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to examine the extent to which the different types of of -constructions are linked by various semantic relations and how they are distributed in academic writing and their functions. By adopting a quantification-based Cognitive Semantics approach, this study investigated of -constructions in the academic sub-corpus of the written British National Corpus using the platform BNCweb. Our analysis demonstrate that categorization of semantic categories of N1 and N2 nominal heads is not sufficient to capture the full spectrum of meanings of of -constructions as compared to using semantic relations. The results also show that there is a prevalence of of -constructions involving actions by means of deverbal nominalization (e.g., combination of words) or nominal gerunds (e.g., the advancing of organized interests) in academic writing. In association with these nominalized lexical items, two important functions were identified at the subject position. First, the construction allows a demotion of agent, or a substitution of the of -construction for an agentive subject, possibly to hedge the statement and demonstrate objectivity. The second function is an encapsulation function (Sinclair, 1993) that restates previous statements which in turn sets up the stage or acts as a theme for the academic discourse to build on (e.g., The assessment of practical subjects and their funding remains a problem…). Application of multivariate analyses identified some interesting patterns. First, the covarying collexeme analysis identifies proper names as the most prototypical of -constructions. Another interesting finding using the hiearchical configural frequency analysis is that at different syntactic positions, the of -construction is modified differently. When appearing at the subject position, N1 tends to be premodified but not postmodified. When appearing at the object position, the of -construction is more likely to be postmodified but not premodified at all. This modification pattern appears to allow a quick access to the main verb for ease of processing. Finally, the of -construction could contain evaluative premodifiers (e.g., user-friendly) or evaluative nominal groups (e.g., importance) for evaluation. Towards the end of this study, applications to pedagogy involving a mini corpus and instruction for teaching agent demotion were designed to raise learner’s awareness of the semantic relations of of -constructions.		en_US
dc.description.tableofcontents Acknowledgements . . . . . iii
Table of Contents . . . . . v
List of Figures . . . . . ix
List of Tables . . . . . xi
中文摘要 . . . . . xv
English Abstract . . . . xvii
1 INTRODUCTION . . . . . 1
1.1 An Overview . . . . . 1
1.2 The Of -construction and Semantic Relations . . . . 3
1.3 The Significance of Of -constructions in Academic Writing . . . . . . . 8
1.4 Functional Considerations . . . . . . 10
1.5 Using Of -constructions in Academic Writing . . . . 12
1.6 Statement of the Problem . . . . . . . 13
2 THE SEMANTICS OF THE OF-CONSTRUCTION . . . . . 17
2.1 The Meanings of Of . . . . . . . . 17
2.2 Functions of the Of -construction in Academic Writing . . . . . . . . 41
2.3 An Interim Summary . . . . . . 46
3 DATA AND METHODOLOGY . . . . . . 47
3.1 The Corpus . . . . . . 47
3.2 Statistical Measures . . . . . 49
3.3 Statistical Analysis Procedures . . . . . . . . 52
3.4 Annotation Procedures . . . . . . 57
4 NOMINAL GROUPS IN THE OF-CONSTRUCTION . . . . . 83
4.1 Frequency Distribution of the Nominal Groups in the Of -construction .. . . . . . 83
4.2 Correspondence Analysis of Semantic Categories of N1 and N2 Heads .. . . . . . 88
4.3 Semantic Relations of the Of -construction . . . . 91
4.4 Premodification . . . . . . . 94
4.5 Results of Covarying Collexeme Analysis . . . . . . 98
4.6 Multiple Of -constructions . . . . . . . 103
4.7 The Functional Consideration of the Of -construction at the Construction Level . . . . . 106
4.8 Discussion . . . . . . 110
4.9 Chapter Summary . . . . . . . . . 111
5 OF-CONSTRUCTIONS BEYOND THE CONSTRUCTION LEVEL . . . . 113
5.1 The Syntactic Positions of Of -constructions .. . . 113
5.2 Postmodification on Of -constructions . . . . . . 135
5.3 HCFA: Premodification and Postmodification .. . . . 137
5.4 Discussion . . . . 140
5.5 Chapter Summary . . . . 142
6 CONCLUSIONS AND PEDAGOGICAL IMPLICATIONS . . . . . . . . . . 145
6.1 Summary of Findings . . . . . 145
6.2 Application to Pedagogy . . . . . 146
6.3 Limitations . . . . . . 154
6.4 Closing Remarks . . . . . 154
References . . . . . 157
Appendix A . . . . . 170
Appendix B . . . . . 172
Appendix C . . . . . 186		zh_TW
dc.format.extent 1441038 bytes-
dc.format.mimetype application/pdf-
dc.source.uri (資料來源) http://thesis.lib.nccu.edu.tw/record/#G0985515052en_US
dc.subject (關鍵詞) ofzh_TW
dc.subject (關鍵詞) of -構式zh_TW
dc.subject (關鍵詞) N1 of N2zh_TW
dc.subject (關鍵詞) 語意關係zh_TW
dc.subject (關鍵詞) 學術論文zh_TW
dc.subject (關鍵詞) BNC語料庫zh_TW
dc.subject (關鍵詞) ofen_US
dc.subject (關鍵詞) Of-constructionen_US
dc.subject (關鍵詞) N1 of N2en_US
dc.subject (關鍵詞) Semantic relationsen_US
dc.subject (關鍵詞) Academic writingen_US
dc.subject (關鍵詞) British National Corpusen_US
dc.title (題名) 英⽂學術論⽂中[N1 of N2]構式之探討zh_TW
dc.title (題名) Investigating English [N1 of N2] Constructions in Academic Writingen_US
dc.type (資料類型) thesisen_US
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dc.identifier.doi (DOI) 10.6814/DIS.NCCU.ENG.006.2018.A09-