1. NCCU Academic Hub
  2. 學術產出
  3. College of Social Science
  4. 學位論文
  5. Item

學術產出-學位論文

Article View/Open

Publication Export

Google ScholarTM

政大圖書館

Citation Infomation

題名 巴西青少年懷孕現象: 社會建構之分析
The Social Construction of a Social problem: Adolescent Pregnancy in Brazil
作者 林穎儀
Lin, Monica
貢獻者 鄧中堅
Teng, Chung-Chian
林穎儀
Lin, Monica
關鍵詞 巴西
貧困
青少年懷孕
Brazil
Poverty
Adolescent pregnancy
Religion
Social construction
日期 2018
上傳時間 6-Aug-2018 18:23:26 (UTC+8)
摘要 青少年懷孕是一個多方面的現象，它動員了世界上許多國家的研究，輿論和政策。 然而，現在很少探討歷史背景和圍繞青少年懷孕的元素和社會建構的變化。 此外，在巴西有一種假設認為，青春期懷孕是一系列社會問題，它們助長了貧困的循環和/或導致青少年父母陷入貧困。 關於物質問題，本研究旨在研究巴西青少年懷孕過去和現在的特徵，作為一種社會建構。
關鍵詞：青少年懷孕，貧困，巴西。
Abstract

Adolescent pregnancy is a multifaceted phenomenon, which mobilizes researches, public opinion, and policies in many countries in the world. However, the historical background and the changes that surround the elements and the social construction of adolescent pregnancy is less explored nowadays. Moreover in Brazil, there is an assumption that adolescent pregnancy is a set of social problems that feed the cycle of poverty and/or leads adolescent parents into poverty. Regarding the subject of matter, this study aims to examine the past and present features of adolescent pregnancy in Brazil as a social construction.
Keywords: Adolescent pregnancy, poverty, Brazil.
參考文獻 References

Abumassur, S. (2002). Crisis as Opportunity: Churches Structure in Times of Global Transformations of Religion within a Context of Globalization: The Case of Brazil. Revista de Estudos da Religião 2:76-85

Araújo, T. (200) Ensaios sobre o desenvolvimento brasileiro, heranças e urgências. Rio de Janeiro: REVAN, FASE..
Ariés, P. (1962). Centuries of childhood: A social history of family life (R. Baldick, Trans.). New York, NY: Random House.

Benko, G., Lipietz. (1994) A. O novo debate regional: As regiões ganhadoras – distritos e redes: os novos paradigmas da geografia econômica. Lisboa: Celta, Oeiras, 1994.

Berger, P., Luckmann, T. (1966). The Social Construction of Reality. Doubleday

Bion, W.R. (1962). Learning from Experience. London: Tavistock.

Bruckner H, Martin A and Bearman PS. (2004), Ambivalence and pregnancy: adolescents` attitudes, contraceptive use and pregnancy. Perspectives on Sexual and Reproductive Health, 36(6):248-257. 10.

Burns, T.R. Engdahl, E. (1998) The Social Construction of Consciousness. Part 1: Collective Consciousness and its Socio-Cultural Foundations, Journal of Consciousness Studies, 5 (1) p 77.

Campos, F.(2008). Adolescência: de que crise estamos falando? Campinas.

Camurça, M. (2008). Ciências sociais e ciências da Religião: polêmicas e interlocuções. São Paulo: Paulinas.

Cano, M., Ferriani, M.. (2000) Sexualidade na adolescência: um estudo bibliográfico. Revista Latino Americana de Enfermagem. Ribeirão Preto, v. 8, n. 2, p. 18-24.

Capelatto. I. (2012). A equação da afetividade: Como lidar com a raiva de crianças e adolescentes. 1. ed. Campinas: Papirus 7 Mares, 2012. v. 1. 108.

Corso, D. (2010). O Psicanálise na Terra do Nunca: ensaios sobre a fantasia. Ed. Artmed

Cowley C and Farley T. (2001). Adolescent girls` attitudes toward pregnancy: the importance of asking what the boyfriend wants. Journal of Family Practice, 50(7):603-607. 12.

Cruz MS, Carvalho FJV, Irffi G. Perfil socioeconômico, demográfico, cultural, regional e comportamental da gravidez na adolescência no Brasil. Rev. Plan. Pol. Públicas. 2016;46:243-66.

DaMatta, R. (2000). Individualidade e liminaridade: considerações sobre os ritos de passagem e a modernidade. Mana, Rio de Janeiro, v. 6, n. 1, p. 7­29.

Demos, J., & Demos, V. (1969). Adolescence in Historical Perspective. Journal of Marriage and Family, 31(4), 632-638. doi:10.2307/349302

Dias, A., Teixeira, M.,(2010). Gravidez na adolescência: um olhar sobre um fenômeno complexo. Ribeirão Preto.

Durkheim, É. (1975). Textes I: Eléments d;une théorie sociale. Minuit, Paris
Durkheim, É. (1965). The elementary forms of Religious Life. The free Press. New York.
Durkhein, E. (1895). The Rules of sociological Methods.


East, P., Reyes, B., & Horn, E. (2007). Association between Adolescent Pregnancy and a Family History of Teenage Births. Perspectives on Sexual and Reproductive Health, 39(2), 108-115. Retrieved from http://www.jstor.org/stable/30042944

Figueiredo, B.(2001) Maternidade na adolescência: Do risco à prevenção. Revista Portuguesa de Psicossomática, vol. 3, núm. 2, pp. 221-238.

Formigli, V. L. A., Costa, M. C. O., & Porto, L. A. (2000). Evaluation of a comprehensive adolescent health care service. Cadernos de Saúde Pública, 16, 831-841

Freyre G. (1966). Casa grande e senzala: fromação da família brasileira sob o regime de economia patriarcal. 13a. Edição. Liv. José Olympio. Rio de Janeiro

Frosten, P. (1999). Neo-Pentecostalism in Brazil: Problems of definition and the struggle for hegemony. Archives de sciences sociales des religions 44:145-62

Furstenberg, F. Jr., and Crawford AG. 1978. Family Support: helping teenage mothers to cope. Family planning perspectives. 10(6):322-333
Furstenberg, F.F. (2007). Destinies of the disadvantages: The politics of teenage childbearing. New York: Russel Sage Foundation.
Furstenberg, F.F. (2007). The history of teenage childbearing as a social problem. New York: Russel Sage Foundation.
Furstenberg. F, Jr., Books-Gunn J. and Morgan SP. 1987. Adolescent Mothers in Later Life. Cambridge University Press.

Galland, O. (1997). Sociologie de la jeunesse. Paris: Armand Collin.
Gennep, A. (1909). Les rites de passage.
Gennep, A. (2011). Os ritos de passagem. 2. ed., Trad. Mariano Ferreira. Petrópolis: Vozes.

Geronimus, A. (1987). On teenage childbearing in the United States. Population and Development Review, 13(2), 245-79

Goldenberg, M. (1984). Educação sexual: uma proposta um desafio. 2. ed. São Paulo: Cortez.

Hamilton G. (2000). Mapping a History of Adolescence and literature for Adolescents. ALAN Conference. Milwaukee, Wisconsin.

Heath, T. 1956. The Thirteen Books of Euclid`s Elements. New York: Dover. p200

Heilborn, M., Brandão, E., & Cabral, C. (2007). Teenage Pregnancy and Moral Panic in Brazil. Culture, Health & Sexuality,9(4), 403-414. Retrieved from http://www.jstor.org/stable/20460941

Hervieu-LégerJ,. (2009) Sociologia e religião: abordagens clássicas. Trad. Ivo Storniolo. Aparecida: Ideias & Letras.

Jaccard J, Dodge T and Dittus P.(2003) Do adolescents want to avoid pregnancy? Attitudes toward pregnancy as predictors of pregnancy, Journal of Adolescent Health, 33(2):79-83. 11.

Joseph Suad (2003). Encyclopedia of Women &Islamic Cultures. P.68.

Kalina, E., & Laufer, H. (1974). Aos pais de adolescentes. Rio de Janeiro: Cobra Morato.

Karnal, L. (2016). A Origem do Homem e Seus Deuses. 1. ed. São Paulo: Gamba, 2016. v. 3000. 224p

Kimmel, D. C., & Weiner, I.B. (1998). La adolescencia: una transición del desarrollo. Barcelona: Ariel.

Levisky, D.L. (1998). Adolescência pelos caminhos da violência: a psicanálise na prática social. (pp. 145-157). São Paulo: Casa do Psicólogo.

Lindsay, G. (1960). God`s Master Key to Prosperity. [S.l.]: Christ for the Nations Institute. ISBN 978-0-89985-001-6

Ma Q, Ono-Kihara M, Cong L, Xu G, Pan X, Zamani S, et al. (2009). Early initiation of sexual activity: a risk factor for sexually transmitted diseases, HIV infection, and unwanted pregnancy among university students in China. BMC Public Health (111):1-8. Doi: 10.1186/1471-2458-9-111

Madkour AS, Farhat T, Halpern CT, Godeau E, Gabhainn SN. Early adolescent sexual initiation as a problem behavior: a comparative study of five nations. J Adolesc Health 2010; 47(4): 389-98.

Martins, P. O., Trindade, Z. A., & Almeida, A. M. O. (2003). O ter e o ser: representações sociais da adolescência entre adolescentes de inserção urbana e rural. Psicologia: Reflexão e Crítica, 16,555-568.

Mollborn, S. (2010). Exploring Variation in Teenage Mothers` and Fathers` Educational Attainment. Perspectives on Sexual and Reproductive Health, 42(3), 152-159. Retrieved from http://www.jstor.org/stable/20752641

Mollborn, S. (2010). Predictors and Consequences of Adolescents’ Norms Against Teenage Pregnancy. The Sociological Quartely, Vol.52 No. 2. Pp303-328. Taylor & Francis, Ltd.

Murcott, M. (1980). The social construction of teenage pregnancy: a problem in the ideologies of childhood and reproduction. Sociology of Health and Illness Vol.2.No. 1.

Neugarten, B., Moore, J., Lowe, J. (1965). Age Norms, Age Constraints, and Adult Socialization. American Journal of Sociology 70:710-7

Neuhouser, K. (1998)."If I Had Abandoned my Children": Community Mobilization and Commitment to the Identity of Mother in Northeast Brazil. Social Forces, Vol. 77, No.1, pp. 331-358. New York: Oxford University Press.

O’Donnell L, O’Donnell CR, Stueve A. Early sexual initiation and subsequent sex-related risks among urban minority youth: the reach for health study. Fam Plann Perspect 2001; 33(6): 268-75.

Osório, L.C. Adolescente hoje. (1992) 2. ed. Porto Alegre: Artes Médicas.

Pais, J. (2009). The youth as stage of life: rites of passage to rites of impasse. Saúde Soc. São Paulo, v.18, No. 3, p.371-381.

Pearce, Diana (1990). The Feminization of Poverty. Journal for Peace and Justice Studies 2 (1):1-20.

Pfromm Netto, S. (1979). Psicologia da adolescência. São Paulo: Pioneira.

Plastino, C. (2017). Elementos para uma antropologia além do patriarcado. Caliban (La Habana), v. 1, p. 37.

Presidência da República. Secretaria de Direitos Humanos. (2011) Atendimento socioeducativo ao adolescente em conflito com a lei: levantamento nacional. Brasília: SDH.

Reis. A. (1993). O discurso da saúde pública sobre adolescentes grávidas. Avatares. São Paulo: Faculdade de saúde pública. Universidade de São Paulo – USP.

Rocca, C. H., Doherty, I., Padian, N. S., Hubbard, A. E., & Minnis, A. M. (2010). Pregnancy Intentions and Teenage Pregnancy Among Latinas: A Mediation Analysis. Perspectives on Sexual and Reproductive Health,42(3), 186-196. doi:10.1363/4218610

Rodolpho, L. (2004). Rituais, ritos de passagem e de iniciação: uma revisão da bibliografia antropológica. Estudos Teológicos, São Leopoldo, v. 44, n. 2, p. 138146,

Santos, N. C., & Oliveira, R. V. C. (2003). A representação social do ser adolescente: um passo decisivo na promoção da saúde. Ciência & Saúde Coletiva, 8, 669-679.

Sewell, W. Jr. (1992). A theory of structure: Duality, Agency, and Transformations. American Journal of Sociology 98:1-29.
Sorensen R. (1973). Adolescent sexuality in contemporary America. New York: World Publishing

Steele, L. (2011). "A Gift from God": Adolescent Motherhood and Religion in Brazilian Favelas. Sociology of Religion, 72(1), 4-27. Retrieved from http://www.jstor.org/stable/41288549

Steinberg, L., & Lerner, R. M. (2004). The scientific study of adolescence: A brief history. The Journal of Early Adolescence, 24, 45-54

Varella, D. (2000). Estação Carandiru. Rio de Janeiro. Companhia das Letras.
Varella, D. (2017). Prisioneiras. Companhia das letras.

Viana, M. (2005) A articulação regional no Grande ABC. In.: CRUZ, José Luiz Vianna da (Org.). Brasil, o desafio da diversidade: experiências de desenvolvimento regional. Rio de Janeiro: Ed. SENAC Nacional.

Vigil, P., del Río, J. P., Carrera, Bá., ArÁnguiz, F. C., Rioseco, H., & Cortés, M. E. (2016). Influence of sex steroid hormones on the adolescent brain and behavior: An update. The Linacre Quarterly, 83(3), 308–329.

Wellings k., Wadsworth J., Johnson A., Field J., et al. (1996) Teenage sexuality, fertility and life chances. A report prepareted for the Department of Health using data from the National Survey of Sexual Attitudes and Lifestyles.


Acessed sites
http://doe.fadc.org.br/
http://educacaointegral.mec.gov.br/jovens-de-15-a-17-anos
http://portal.mec.gov.br/docman/junho-2014-pdf/15774-ept-relatorio-06062014/file
http://portalarquivos.saude.gov.br/images/PDF/2017/maio/05/LIVRO-SAUDE-ADOLESCENTES.PDF
http://repositorio.ipea.gov.br/bitstream/11058/5696/1/NT_n20_Adolescente-conflito_Disoc_2015-jun.pdf
http://repositorio.ipea.gov.br/bitstream/11058/5696/1/NT_n20_Adolescente-conflito_Disoc_2015-jun.
http://repositorio.ipea.gov.br/bitstream/11058/5696/1/NT_n20_Adolescente-conflito_Disoc_2015-jun.
http://www.aboutbrasilia.com/travel/palacio-do-planalto.php
http://www.blog.saude.gov.br/index.php/materias-especiais/51645-saiba-mais-sobre-os-metodos-contraceptivos-oferecidos-pelo-sus
http://www.blog.saude.gov.br/index.php/materias-especiais/51645-saiba-mais-sobre-os-metodos-contraceptivos-oferecidos-pelo-sus
http://www.brasil.gov.br/cidadania-e-justica/2017/08/estatuto-da-juventude-define-direitos-e-garantias-aos-jovens-brasileiros
http://www.brasil.gov.br/cidadania-e-justica/2017/08/estatuto-da-juventude-define-direitos-e-garantias-aos-jovens-brasileiros
http://www.brasil.gov.br/cidadania-e-justica/2017/08/estatuto-da-juventude-define-direitos-e-garantias-aos-jovens-brasileiros
http://www.brasil.gov.br/cidadania-e-justica/2017/08/estatuto-da-juventude-define-direitos-e-garantias-aos-jovens-brasileiros
http://www.brasil.gov.br/editoria/saude/2012/04/campanhas-educativas-previnem-a-gravidez-precoce-no-pais
http://www.brasil.gov.br/editoria/saude/2017/05/numero-de-adolescentes-gravidas-cai-17-no-brasil
http://www.ipea.gov.br/portal/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=151&catid=122&Itemid=9
http://www.ipea.gov.br/portal/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=4726
http://www.ipea.gov.br/portal/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=4726
http://www.ipea.gov.br/portal/index.php?searchword=Adolescente&ordering=category&searchphrase=all&limit=100&option=com_search
http://www.ipea.gov.br/portal/index.php?searchword=Adolescente&ordering=category&searchphrase=all&limit=100&option=com_search
http://www.nelsonginecologia.med.br/symbmenstr_engl.htm
http://www.periodicos.ufc.br/rene/article/viewFile/4226/3263
http://www.planalto.gov.br/ccivil_03/Leis/l8069.htm
http://www.planalto.gov.br/ccivil_03/Leis/l8069.htm
http://www.un.org/womenwatch/daw/beijing/platform/poverty.htm
http://www.unfpa.org.br/Arquivos/Gravidez%20Adolescente%20no%20Brasil.pdf
http://www.who.int/topics/adolescent_health/en/
http://www.who.int/topics/adolescent_health/en/
http://www.who.int/topics/adolescent_health/en/
https://censo2010.ibge.gov.br/apps/atlas/pdf/Pag_203_Religi%C3%A3o_Evang_miss%C3%A3o_Evang_pentecostal_Evang_nao%20determinada_Diversidade%20cultural.pdf
https://censo2010.ibge.gov.br/apps/atlas/pdf/Pag_203_Religi%C3%A3o_Evang_miss%C3%A3o_Evang_pentecostal_Evang_nao%20determinada_Diversidade%20cultural.pdf
https://observatoriocrianca.org.br/cenario-infancia/temas/populacao/1048-estratificacao-da-populacao-estimada-pelo-ibge-segundo-faixas-etarias?filters=1,1626
https://observatoriocrianca.org.br/cenario-infancia/temas/populacao/1048-estratificacao-da-populacao-estimada-pelo-ibge-segundo-faixas-etarias?filters=1,1624
https://observatoriocrianca.org.br/cenario-infancia/temas/populacao/1048-estratificacao-da-populacao-estimada-pelo-ibge-segundo-faixas-etarias?filters=1,1623
https://observatoriocrianca.org.br/cenario-infancia/temas/populacao/1048-estratificacao-da-populacao-estimada-pelo-ibge-segundo-faixas-etarias
https://observatoriocrianca.org.br/cenario-infancia/temas/populacao/1048-estratificacao-da-populacao-estimada-pelo-ibge-segundo-faixas-etarias
https://observatoriocrianca.org.br/cenario-infancia/temas/populacao/1048-estratificacao-da-populacao-estimada-pelo-ibge-segundo-faixas-etarias
https://veja.abril.com.br/blog/reinaldo/o-ibge-e-a-religiao-cristaos-sao-86-8-do-brasil-catolicos-caem-para-64-6-evangelicos-ja-sao-22-2/
https://ww2.ibge.gov.br/english/estatistica/populacao/caracteristicas_raciais/default_estudos.shtm
https://www.bibliaon.com/versiculo/1_corintios_6_18-19/ Holy Bible book of I Corinthians 6:18-19
https://www.bibliaon.com/versiculo/1_corintios_7_1-2/ Holy Bible book of I Corinthians 7:1-2
https://www.bibliaon.com/versiculo/atos_dos_apostolos_15_29/ Holy Bible book of Acts 15:29
https://www.bibliaon.com/versiculo/hebreus_13_4/ Holy Bible book of Hebrews 13:4
https://www.camara.gov.br/proposicoesWeb/prop_mostrarintegra?codteor=443584
https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/print_br.html
https://www.ibge.gov.br/estatisticas-novoportal/sociais/populacao/9171-pesquisa-nacional-por-amostra-de-domicilios-continua-mensal.html?=&t=o-que-e
https://www.prb.org/brazilconfrontsadolescentsexualhealthissues/
https://www.un.org/sustainabledevelopment/sustainable-development-goals/
https://www.unicef.org/brazil/pt/br_sabrep11.pdf
https://www.unicef.org/brazil/pt/resources_37216.html
http://news.gallup.com/poll/116449/Religion-Provides-Emotional-Boost-World-Poor.aspx
http://seer.ufrgs.br/index.php/RevistaGauchadeEnfermagem/article/view/4634
http://www.brasil.gov.br/editoria/saude/2017/05/numero-de-adolescentes-gravidas-cai-17-no-brasil
http://www.childhood.org.br/a-gravidez-na-adolescencia-no-brasil
http://www.mum.org/endocrin.htm
http://www2.datasus.gov.br/DATASUS/index.php?area=0205
https://blogs.wsj.com/economics/2015/04/24/do-strong-religious-beliefs-stifle-innovation/
https://sites.psu.edu/mgeitnerrcl/2013/11/16/satere-mawe-initiation/
https://www.ibge.gov.br/
https://www.nytimes.com/2010/09/04/opinion/04blow.html?_r=1&th&emc=th
https://www.unicef.org/
https://www.unicef.org/
https://www.webmd.com/baby/understanding-conception#1
描述 碩士
國立政治大學
亞太研究英語碩士學位學程(IMAS)
1059260082
資料來源 http://thesis.lib.nccu.edu.tw/record/#G1059260082
資料類型 thesis
dc.contributor.advisor 鄧中堅zh_TW
dc.contributor.advisor Teng, Chung-Chianen_US
dc.contributor.author (Authors) 林穎儀zh_TW
dc.contributor.author (Authors) Lin, Monicaen_US
dc.creator (作者) 林穎儀zh_TW
dc.creator (作者) Lin, Monicaen_US
dc.date (日期) 2018en_US
dc.date.accessioned 6-Aug-2018 18:23:26 (UTC+8)-
dc.date.available 6-Aug-2018 18:23:26 (UTC+8)-
dc.date.issued (上傳時間) 6-Aug-2018 18:23:26 (UTC+8)-
dc.identifier (Other Identifiers) G1059260082en_US
dc.identifier.uri (URI) http://nccur.lib.nccu.edu.tw/handle/140.119/119234-
dc.description (描述) 碩士zh_TW
dc.description (描述) 國立政治大學zh_TW
dc.description (描述) 亞太研究英語碩士學位學程(IMAS)zh_TW
dc.description (描述) 1059260082zh_TW
dc.description.abstract (摘要) 青少年懷孕是一個多方面的現象，它動員了世界上許多國家的研究，輿論和政策。 然而，現在很少探討歷史背景和圍繞青少年懷孕的元素和社會建構的變化。 此外，在巴西有一種假設認為，青春期懷孕是一系列社會問題，它們助長了貧困的循環和/或導致青少年父母陷入貧困。 關於物質問題，本研究旨在研究巴西青少年懷孕過去和現在的特徵，作為一種社會建構。
關鍵詞：青少年懷孕，貧困，巴西。		zh_TW
dc.description.abstract (摘要) Abstract

Adolescent pregnancy is a multifaceted phenomenon, which mobilizes researches, public opinion, and policies in many countries in the world. However, the historical background and the changes that surround the elements and the social construction of adolescent pregnancy is less explored nowadays. Moreover in Brazil, there is an assumption that adolescent pregnancy is a set of social problems that feed the cycle of poverty and/or leads adolescent parents into poverty. Regarding the subject of matter, this study aims to examine the past and present features of adolescent pregnancy in Brazil as a social construction.
Keywords: Adolescent pregnancy, poverty, Brazil.		en_US
dc.description.tableofcontents TABLE OF CONTENTS

Acknowledgements 5
Abstract 7
Abstract (Chinese) 8
List of Figures 9
List of Tables 10
Glossary 11
1. Introduction 12
1.1 The Brazilian Adolescent: Demographic Profile 15
Analytical Framework 23
2. The adolescence Period 31
2.1 The Relationship of Adolescent Pregnancy and Poverty & The Social Profile: Cultural values, Identity and Gender 38
2.2 The Adolescent’s sexual life initiation 51
3. The Social Construction of Ideologies on Childhood and Reproduction............... 58
3.1 The Role of Religious Institutions and Moral Norms of Adolescence Pregnancy 64
4. Rites Passage and Social Norms 76
Conclusion 81
References 86
APPENDIX A: UNOFFICIAL TRANSLATION OF THE UNBORN CHILD’S STATUTE (ESTATUTO DO NASCITURO) 99		zh_TW
dc.format.extent 1166536 bytes-
dc.format.mimetype application/pdf-
dc.source.uri (資料來源) http://thesis.lib.nccu.edu.tw/record/#G1059260082en_US
dc.subject (關鍵詞) 巴西zh_TW
dc.subject (關鍵詞) 貧困zh_TW
dc.subject (關鍵詞) 青少年懷孕zh_TW
dc.subject (關鍵詞) Brazilen_US
dc.subject (關鍵詞) Povertyen_US
dc.subject (關鍵詞) Adolescent pregnancyen_US
dc.subject (關鍵詞) Religionen_US
dc.subject (關鍵詞) Social constructionen_US
dc.title (題名) 巴西青少年懷孕現象: 社會建構之分析zh_TW
dc.title (題名) The Social Construction of a Social problem: Adolescent Pregnancy in Brazilen_US
dc.type (資料類型) thesisen_US
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) References

Abumassur, S. (2002). Crisis as Opportunity: Churches Structure in Times of Global Transformations of Religion within a Context of Globalization: The Case of Brazil. Revista de Estudos da Religião 2:76-85

Araújo, T. (200) Ensaios sobre o desenvolvimento brasileiro, heranças e urgências. Rio de Janeiro: REVAN, FASE..
Ariés, P. (1962). Centuries of childhood: A social history of family life (R. Baldick, Trans.). New York, NY: Random House.

Benko, G., Lipietz. (1994) A. O novo debate regional: As regiões ganhadoras – distritos e redes: os novos paradigmas da geografia econômica. Lisboa: Celta, Oeiras, 1994.

Berger, P., Luckmann, T. (1966). The Social Construction of Reality. Doubleday

Bion, W.R. (1962). Learning from Experience. London: Tavistock.

Bruckner H, Martin A and Bearman PS. (2004), Ambivalence and pregnancy: adolescents` attitudes, contraceptive use and pregnancy. Perspectives on Sexual and Reproductive Health, 36(6):248-257. 10.

Burns, T.R. Engdahl, E. (1998) The Social Construction of Consciousness. Part 1: Collective Consciousness and its Socio-Cultural Foundations, Journal of Consciousness Studies, 5 (1) p 77.

Campos, F.(2008). Adolescência: de que crise estamos falando? Campinas.

Camurça, M. (2008). Ciências sociais e ciências da Religião: polêmicas e interlocuções. São Paulo: Paulinas.

Cano, M., Ferriani, M.. (2000) Sexualidade na adolescência: um estudo bibliográfico. Revista Latino Americana de Enfermagem. Ribeirão Preto, v. 8, n. 2, p. 18-24.

Capelatto. I. (2012). A equação da afetividade: Como lidar com a raiva de crianças e adolescentes. 1. ed. Campinas: Papirus 7 Mares, 2012. v. 1. 108.

Corso, D. (2010). O Psicanálise na Terra do Nunca: ensaios sobre a fantasia. Ed. Artmed

Cowley C and Farley T. (2001). Adolescent girls` attitudes toward pregnancy: the importance of asking what the boyfriend wants. Journal of Family Practice, 50(7):603-607. 12.

Cruz MS, Carvalho FJV, Irffi G. Perfil socioeconômico, demográfico, cultural, regional e comportamental da gravidez na adolescência no Brasil. Rev. Plan. Pol. Públicas. 2016;46:243-66.

DaMatta, R. (2000). Individualidade e liminaridade: considerações sobre os ritos de passagem e a modernidade. Mana, Rio de Janeiro, v. 6, n. 1, p. 7­29.

Demos, J., & Demos, V. (1969). Adolescence in Historical Perspective. Journal of Marriage and Family, 31(4), 632-638. doi:10.2307/349302

Dias, A., Teixeira, M.,(2010). Gravidez na adolescência: um olhar sobre um fenômeno complexo. Ribeirão Preto.

Durkheim, É. (1975). Textes I: Eléments d;une théorie sociale. Minuit, Paris
Durkheim, É. (1965). The elementary forms of Religious Life. The free Press. New York.
Durkhein, E. (1895). The Rules of sociological Methods.


East, P., Reyes, B., & Horn, E. (2007). Association between Adolescent Pregnancy and a Family History of Teenage Births. Perspectives on Sexual and Reproductive Health, 39(2), 108-115. Retrieved from http://www.jstor.org/stable/30042944

Figueiredo, B.(2001) Maternidade na adolescência: Do risco à prevenção. Revista Portuguesa de Psicossomática, vol. 3, núm. 2, pp. 221-238.

Formigli, V. L. A., Costa, M. C. O., & Porto, L. A. (2000). Evaluation of a comprehensive adolescent health care service. Cadernos de Saúde Pública, 16, 831-841

Freyre G. (1966). Casa grande e senzala: fromação da família brasileira sob o regime de economia patriarcal. 13a. Edição. Liv. José Olympio. Rio de Janeiro

Frosten, P. (1999). Neo-Pentecostalism in Brazil: Problems of definition and the struggle for hegemony. Archives de sciences sociales des religions 44:145-62

Furstenberg, F. Jr., and Crawford AG. 1978. Family Support: helping teenage mothers to cope. Family planning perspectives. 10(6):322-333
Furstenberg, F.F. (2007). Destinies of the disadvantages: The politics of teenage childbearing. New York: Russel Sage Foundation.
Furstenberg, F.F. (2007). The history of teenage childbearing as a social problem. New York: Russel Sage Foundation.
Furstenberg. F, Jr., Books-Gunn J. and Morgan SP. 1987. Adolescent Mothers in Later Life. Cambridge University Press.

Galland, O. (1997). Sociologie de la jeunesse. Paris: Armand Collin.
Gennep, A. (1909). Les rites de passage.
Gennep, A. (2011). Os ritos de passagem. 2. ed., Trad. Mariano Ferreira. Petrópolis: Vozes.

Geronimus, A. (1987). On teenage childbearing in the United States. Population and Development Review, 13(2), 245-79

Goldenberg, M. (1984). Educação sexual: uma proposta um desafio. 2. ed. São Paulo: Cortez.

Hamilton G. (2000). Mapping a History of Adolescence and literature for Adolescents. ALAN Conference. Milwaukee, Wisconsin.

Heath, T. 1956. The Thirteen Books of Euclid`s Elements. New York: Dover. p200

Heilborn, M., Brandão, E., & Cabral, C. (2007). Teenage Pregnancy and Moral Panic in Brazil. Culture, Health & Sexuality,9(4), 403-414. Retrieved from http://www.jstor.org/stable/20460941

Hervieu-LégerJ,. (2009) Sociologia e religião: abordagens clássicas. Trad. Ivo Storniolo. Aparecida: Ideias & Letras.

Jaccard J, Dodge T and Dittus P.(2003) Do adolescents want to avoid pregnancy? Attitudes toward pregnancy as predictors of pregnancy, Journal of Adolescent Health, 33(2):79-83. 11.

Joseph Suad (2003). Encyclopedia of Women &Islamic Cultures. P.68.

Kalina, E., & Laufer, H. (1974). Aos pais de adolescentes. Rio de Janeiro: Cobra Morato.

Karnal, L. (2016). A Origem do Homem e Seus Deuses. 1. ed. São Paulo: Gamba, 2016. v. 3000. 224p

Kimmel, D. C., & Weiner, I.B. (1998). La adolescencia: una transición del desarrollo. Barcelona: Ariel.

Levisky, D.L. (1998). Adolescência pelos caminhos da violência: a psicanálise na prática social. (pp. 145-157). São Paulo: Casa do Psicólogo.

Lindsay, G. (1960). God`s Master Key to Prosperity. [S.l.]: Christ for the Nations Institute. ISBN 978-0-89985-001-6

Ma Q, Ono-Kihara M, Cong L, Xu G, Pan X, Zamani S, et al. (2009). Early initiation of sexual activity: a risk factor for sexually transmitted diseases, HIV infection, and unwanted pregnancy among university students in China. BMC Public Health (111):1-8. Doi: 10.1186/1471-2458-9-111

Madkour AS, Farhat T, Halpern CT, Godeau E, Gabhainn SN. Early adolescent sexual initiation as a problem behavior: a comparative study of five nations. J Adolesc Health 2010; 47(4): 389-98.

Martins, P. O., Trindade, Z. A., & Almeida, A. M. O. (2003). O ter e o ser: representações sociais da adolescência entre adolescentes de inserção urbana e rural. Psicologia: Reflexão e Crítica, 16,555-568.

Mollborn, S. (2010). Exploring Variation in Teenage Mothers` and Fathers` Educational Attainment. Perspectives on Sexual and Reproductive Health, 42(3), 152-159. Retrieved from http://www.jstor.org/stable/20752641

Mollborn, S. (2010). Predictors and Consequences of Adolescents’ Norms Against Teenage Pregnancy. The Sociological Quartely, Vol.52 No. 2. Pp303-328. Taylor & Francis, Ltd.

Murcott, M. (1980). The social construction of teenage pregnancy: a problem in the ideologies of childhood and reproduction. Sociology of Health and Illness Vol.2.No. 1.

Neugarten, B., Moore, J., Lowe, J. (1965). Age Norms, Age Constraints, and Adult Socialization. American Journal of Sociology 70:710-7

Neuhouser, K. (1998)."If I Had Abandoned my Children": Community Mobilization and Commitment to the Identity of Mother in Northeast Brazil. Social Forces, Vol. 77, No.1, pp. 331-358. New York: Oxford University Press.

O’Donnell L, O’Donnell CR, Stueve A. Early sexual initiation and subsequent sex-related risks among urban minority youth: the reach for health study. Fam Plann Perspect 2001; 33(6): 268-75.

Osório, L.C. Adolescente hoje. (1992) 2. ed. Porto Alegre: Artes Médicas.

Pais, J. (2009). The youth as stage of life: rites of passage to rites of impasse. Saúde Soc. São Paulo, v.18, No. 3, p.371-381.

Pearce, Diana (1990). The Feminization of Poverty. Journal for Peace and Justice Studies 2 (1):1-20.

Pfromm Netto, S. (1979). Psicologia da adolescência. São Paulo: Pioneira.

Plastino, C. (2017). Elementos para uma antropologia além do patriarcado. Caliban (La Habana), v. 1, p. 37.

Presidência da República. Secretaria de Direitos Humanos. (2011) Atendimento socioeducativo ao adolescente em conflito com a lei: levantamento nacional. Brasília: SDH.

Reis. A. (1993). O discurso da saúde pública sobre adolescentes grávidas. Avatares. São Paulo: Faculdade de saúde pública. Universidade de São Paulo – USP.

Rocca, C. H., Doherty, I., Padian, N. S., Hubbard, A. E., & Minnis, A. M. (2010). Pregnancy Intentions and Teenage Pregnancy Among Latinas: A Mediation Analysis. Perspectives on Sexual and Reproductive Health,42(3), 186-196. doi:10.1363/4218610

Rodolpho, L. (2004). Rituais, ritos de passagem e de iniciação: uma revisão da bibliografia antropológica. Estudos Teológicos, São Leopoldo, v. 44, n. 2, p. 138146,

Santos, N. C., & Oliveira, R. V. C. (2003). A representação social do ser adolescente: um passo decisivo na promoção da saúde. Ciência & Saúde Coletiva, 8, 669-679.

Sewell, W. Jr. (1992). A theory of structure: Duality, Agency, and Transformations. American Journal of Sociology 98:1-29.
Sorensen R. (1973). Adolescent sexuality in contemporary America. New York: World Publishing

Steele, L. (2011). "A Gift from God": Adolescent Motherhood and Religion in Brazilian Favelas. Sociology of Religion, 72(1), 4-27. Retrieved from http://www.jstor.org/stable/41288549

Steinberg, L., & Lerner, R. M. (2004). The scientific study of adolescence: A brief history. The Journal of Early Adolescence, 24, 45-54

Varella, D. (2000). Estação Carandiru. Rio de Janeiro. Companhia das Letras.
Varella, D. (2017). Prisioneiras. Companhia das letras.

Viana, M. (2005) A articulação regional no Grande ABC. In.: CRUZ, José Luiz Vianna da (Org.). Brasil, o desafio da diversidade: experiências de desenvolvimento regional. Rio de Janeiro: Ed. SENAC Nacional.

Vigil, P., del Río, J. P., Carrera, Bá., ArÁnguiz, F. C., Rioseco, H., & Cortés, M. E. (2016). Influence of sex steroid hormones on the adolescent brain and behavior: An update. The Linacre Quarterly, 83(3), 308–329.

Wellings k., Wadsworth J., Johnson A., Field J., et al. (1996) Teenage sexuality, fertility and life chances. A report prepareted for the Department of Health using data from the National Survey of Sexual Attitudes and Lifestyles.


Acessed sites
http://doe.fadc.org.br/
http://educacaointegral.mec.gov.br/jovens-de-15-a-17-anos
http://portal.mec.gov.br/docman/junho-2014-pdf/15774-ept-relatorio-06062014/file
http://portalarquivos.saude.gov.br/images/PDF/2017/maio/05/LIVRO-SAUDE-ADOLESCENTES.PDF
http://repositorio.ipea.gov.br/bitstream/11058/5696/1/NT_n20_Adolescente-conflito_Disoc_2015-jun.pdf
http://repositorio.ipea.gov.br/bitstream/11058/5696/1/NT_n20_Adolescente-conflito_Disoc_2015-jun.
http://repositorio.ipea.gov.br/bitstream/11058/5696/1/NT_n20_Adolescente-conflito_Disoc_2015-jun.
http://www.aboutbrasilia.com/travel/palacio-do-planalto.php
http://www.blog.saude.gov.br/index.php/materias-especiais/51645-saiba-mais-sobre-os-metodos-contraceptivos-oferecidos-pelo-sus
http://www.blog.saude.gov.br/index.php/materias-especiais/51645-saiba-mais-sobre-os-metodos-contraceptivos-oferecidos-pelo-sus
http://www.brasil.gov.br/cidadania-e-justica/2017/08/estatuto-da-juventude-define-direitos-e-garantias-aos-jovens-brasileiros
http://www.brasil.gov.br/cidadania-e-justica/2017/08/estatuto-da-juventude-define-direitos-e-garantias-aos-jovens-brasileiros
http://www.brasil.gov.br/cidadania-e-justica/2017/08/estatuto-da-juventude-define-direitos-e-garantias-aos-jovens-brasileiros
http://www.brasil.gov.br/cidadania-e-justica/2017/08/estatuto-da-juventude-define-direitos-e-garantias-aos-jovens-brasileiros
http://www.brasil.gov.br/editoria/saude/2012/04/campanhas-educativas-previnem-a-gravidez-precoce-no-pais
http://www.brasil.gov.br/editoria/saude/2017/05/numero-de-adolescentes-gravidas-cai-17-no-brasil
http://www.ipea.gov.br/portal/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=151&catid=122&Itemid=9
http://www.ipea.gov.br/portal/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=4726
http://www.ipea.gov.br/portal/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=4726
http://www.ipea.gov.br/portal/index.php?searchword=Adolescente&ordering=category&searchphrase=all&limit=100&option=com_search
http://www.ipea.gov.br/portal/index.php?searchword=Adolescente&ordering=category&searchphrase=all&limit=100&option=com_search
http://www.nelsonginecologia.med.br/symbmenstr_engl.htm
http://www.periodicos.ufc.br/rene/article/viewFile/4226/3263
http://www.planalto.gov.br/ccivil_03/Leis/l8069.htm
http://www.planalto.gov.br/ccivil_03/Leis/l8069.htm
http://www.un.org/womenwatch/daw/beijing/platform/poverty.htm
http://www.unfpa.org.br/Arquivos/Gravidez%20Adolescente%20no%20Brasil.pdf
http://www.who.int/topics/adolescent_health/en/
http://www.who.int/topics/adolescent_health/en/
http://www.who.int/topics/adolescent_health/en/
https://censo2010.ibge.gov.br/apps/atlas/pdf/Pag_203_Religi%C3%A3o_Evang_miss%C3%A3o_Evang_pentecostal_Evang_nao%20determinada_Diversidade%20cultural.pdf
https://censo2010.ibge.gov.br/apps/atlas/pdf/Pag_203_Religi%C3%A3o_Evang_miss%C3%A3o_Evang_pentecostal_Evang_nao%20determinada_Diversidade%20cultural.pdf
https://observatoriocrianca.org.br/cenario-infancia/temas/populacao/1048-estratificacao-da-populacao-estimada-pelo-ibge-segundo-faixas-etarias?filters=1,1626
https://observatoriocrianca.org.br/cenario-infancia/temas/populacao/1048-estratificacao-da-populacao-estimada-pelo-ibge-segundo-faixas-etarias?filters=1,1624
https://observatoriocrianca.org.br/cenario-infancia/temas/populacao/1048-estratificacao-da-populacao-estimada-pelo-ibge-segundo-faixas-etarias?filters=1,1623
https://observatoriocrianca.org.br/cenario-infancia/temas/populacao/1048-estratificacao-da-populacao-estimada-pelo-ibge-segundo-faixas-etarias
https://observatoriocrianca.org.br/cenario-infancia/temas/populacao/1048-estratificacao-da-populacao-estimada-pelo-ibge-segundo-faixas-etarias
https://observatoriocrianca.org.br/cenario-infancia/temas/populacao/1048-estratificacao-da-populacao-estimada-pelo-ibge-segundo-faixas-etarias
https://veja.abril.com.br/blog/reinaldo/o-ibge-e-a-religiao-cristaos-sao-86-8-do-brasil-catolicos-caem-para-64-6-evangelicos-ja-sao-22-2/
https://ww2.ibge.gov.br/english/estatistica/populacao/caracteristicas_raciais/default_estudos.shtm
https://www.bibliaon.com/versiculo/1_corintios_6_18-19/ Holy Bible book of I Corinthians 6:18-19
https://www.bibliaon.com/versiculo/1_corintios_7_1-2/ Holy Bible book of I Corinthians 7:1-2
https://www.bibliaon.com/versiculo/atos_dos_apostolos_15_29/ Holy Bible book of Acts 15:29
https://www.bibliaon.com/versiculo/hebreus_13_4/ Holy Bible book of Hebrews 13:4
https://www.camara.gov.br/proposicoesWeb/prop_mostrarintegra?codteor=443584
https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/print_br.html
https://www.ibge.gov.br/estatisticas-novoportal/sociais/populacao/9171-pesquisa-nacional-por-amostra-de-domicilios-continua-mensal.html?=&t=o-que-e
https://www.prb.org/brazilconfrontsadolescentsexualhealthissues/
https://www.un.org/sustainabledevelopment/sustainable-development-goals/
https://www.unicef.org/brazil/pt/br_sabrep11.pdf
https://www.unicef.org/brazil/pt/resources_37216.html
http://news.gallup.com/poll/116449/Religion-Provides-Emotional-Boost-World-Poor.aspx
http://seer.ufrgs.br/index.php/RevistaGauchadeEnfermagem/article/view/4634
http://www.brasil.gov.br/editoria/saude/2017/05/numero-de-adolescentes-gravidas-cai-17-no-brasil
http://www.childhood.org.br/a-gravidez-na-adolescencia-no-brasil
http://www.mum.org/endocrin.htm
http://www2.datasus.gov.br/DATASUS/index.php?area=0205
https://blogs.wsj.com/economics/2015/04/24/do-strong-religious-beliefs-stifle-innovation/
https://sites.psu.edu/mgeitnerrcl/2013/11/16/satere-mawe-initiation/
https://www.ibge.gov.br/
https://www.nytimes.com/2010/09/04/opinion/04blow.html?_r=1&th&emc=th
https://www.unicef.org/
https://www.unicef.org/
https://www.webmd.com/baby/understanding-conception#1		zh_TW
dc.identifier.doi (DOI) 10.6814/THE.NCCU.IMAS.008.2018.A07-