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題名 以智慧型手機實現室內空間三維建模
3D modeling of interior space using smartphone-based mobile mapping system
作者 蔡立筠
Tsai, Li-Yun
貢獻者 林士淵
Lin, Shih-Yuan
蔡立筠
Tsai, Li-Yun
關鍵詞 智慧型手機
移動製圖
單視覺影像定位與製圖
Smart phone
Mobile mapping
MonoSLAM
日期 2018
上傳時間 27-Aug-2018 14:55:34 (UTC+8)
摘要 近年來由於穿戴式裝置的興起,使得虛擬實境、擴增實境等應用快速發展,連帶造成室內三維圖資的需求快速成長,也促使圖資蒐集與處理方式朝向更加快速、即時、低技術經驗門檻等方面發展。在此情況下,由於現今智慧型手機普及且發展成熟,普遍裝備有GNSS信號接收功能、微機電系統(Micro Electro Mechanical Systems, MEMS)為基礎的慣性測量原件(Inertial Measurement Unit, IMU),以及具備卓越的計算能力和高解析度的相機。若能利用並整合這些原件,智慧型手機具有成為低成本行移動製圖系統(mobile mapping system,MMS)之潛力。
     為因應室內三維模型的需求,本研究利用智慧型手機為工具,開發一套行人專用的室內三維重建APP,針對受地上物遮蔽、GNSS訊號脫落、無Wi-Fi及網路通訊之室內空間,利用單視覺影像即時定位與製圖技術(Monocular Simultaneous localization and mapping, Mono SLAM)與內建之慣性測量原件,進行室內三維空間模型的建立、定位與視覺化。同時,操作者可以利用APP中設計的互動式引導重建室內環境的機制,解決單以Mono SLAM建置之結構模糊和錯誤,並可即時展示重建之三維模型。
Due to the significant improvement of wearable devices, virtual reality (VR) and augmented reality (AR) applications have been developed rapidly. To support various VR and AR applications, three-dimensional models are essential tools. Moreover, a flexible, efficient and real-time processing to generate 3D models is highly required. To achieve this, smart phone nowadays equipping with GNSS receiver, MEMS-based IMU, excellent computational capabilities and high resolution camera becomes a possible solution for purpose of low-cost and accessible mobile mapping system (MMS). In this study we developed a smartphone application aiming for interior space model reconstruction. With the technique of monocular simultaneous localization and mapping (Mono SLAM) and data collected through IMU in smartphone, users are able to reconstruct, localize and visualize the 3D model of interior space. In additional, by using the system we designed in the application, users can interactively guide the reconstruction process to resolve the structural ambiguities and errors during the acquisition with MonoSLAM. The resultant 3D model can be displayed in near real-time.
參考文獻 一、中文參考文獻
     江凱偉,2007,「新世代的測量車」,『科學發展』,416:6。
     江凱偉,2009,「發展適用於不同精度移動製圖應用之多感測器叢集式無縫直接定位定向平台」。
     江渾欽、馮怡婕,2012,「地籍建物三維資料流通架構建立之研究」, Journal of Taiwan Land Research,15(1):27-155。
     李庚諺,2012,「影像定位與同步建圖技術於導航系統之應用」,成功大學航空太空工程學系學位論文。
     財團法人國家實驗研究院科技政策研究與資訊中心,2007,「三維數位城市模型先期建置工作」。
     財團法人國家實驗研究院科技政策研究與資訊中心,2011,「100 年度多尺度三維數位城市技術規劃工作案」。
     財團法人國家實驗研究院科技政策研究與資訊中心,2012,「三維城市模型技術發展與更新機制工作案」。
     財團法人國家實驗研究院科技政策研究與資訊中心,2015,「三維城市模型與建築等級模型之整合機制工作案」。
     張毅雄,2010,「地籍建物資訊模型建立之研究」,臺北大學不動產與城鄉環境學系學位論文。
     張劍清、張祖勛,2011,『數字攝影測量學』,武漢大學出版社。
     許竣揚,2011,「單一相機同時定位與環境地圖建製於二維移動載具之實現」,國立臺灣科技大學機械工程系學位論文。
     許凱翔,2014,「具磁力計自我校正功能之磁性輔助視覺慣性測程器」,交通大學電機與控制工程系所學位論文。
     張桓、蔡富安,2014,「單視角影像滅點偵測與三維建物模型重建」,『航測及遙測學刊』,18(4):217-233。
     楊常清、王孝通、李博、金良安,2006,「基於特徵光流的角點匹配快速算法」, 『光電工程』,33(4):85-88。
     彭威然,2014,「使用手機加速度計和陀螺儀之室內定位」,淡江大學資訊工程學系資訊網路與通訊碩士班學位論文。
     馮怡婕,2009,「多尺度三維地籍建物資料流通架構建立之研究」,臺北大學不動產與城鄉環境學系碩士班學位論文,1-122。
     趙煇,2006,「基於點特徵的圖像配准算法研究」,山東大學信息學院碩士班學位論文 。
     鄭馳,2013,「基於光流法的單目視覺里程計研究」,浙江大學信息與通信工程學系碩士班學位論文。
     蔡富安、張智安、張桓、陳良健、陳杰宗,2013,「多尺度三維數位房屋模型建置」,『航測及遙測學刊』,17(4):267-285。
     顧兆鵬、董秋雷,2012,「基于部分慣性傳感器信息的單目視覺同步定位與地圖創建方法」,『計算機輔助設計與圖形學學報』,24(2): 155-160。
     
     二、外文參考文獻
     Al-Hamad, A., El-Sheimy, N., 2014, “Smartphones Based Mobile Mapping Systems”, The International Archives of Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences, 40(5):29-33.
     Beauregard, S., & Haas, H., 2006, “Pedestrian dead reckoning: A basis for personal positioning”, In Proceedings of the 3rd Workshop on Positioning, Navigation and Communication, University of Hannover, Germany, March 16.
     Barthold, C., Subbu, K. P., & Dantu, R., 2011, “Evaluation of gyroscope-embedded mobile phones”. Paper presented at 2011 IEEE International Conference on Systems, Man, and Cybernetics, Anchorage, Alaska, USA, October 9-12.
     Bosse, M., Zlot, R., & Flick, P., 2012, “Zebedee: Design of a spring-mounted 3-d range sensor with application to mobile mapping”, IEEE Transactions on Robotics, 28(5): 1104-1119.
     Civera, J., Davison, A. J., & Montiel, J. M., 2008, “Inverse depth parametrization for monocular SLAM”, IEEE transactions on robotics, 24(5):932-945.
     Civera, J., Grasa, O. G., Davison, A. J., & Montiel, J. M. M., 2009, “1-point RANSAC for EKF-based structure from motion”, Paper presented at 2009 IEEE/RSJ International Conference on Intelligent Robots and Systems, St. Louis, USA, October 10-15.
     Dissanayake, M. G., Newman, P., Clark, S., Durrant-Whyte, H. F., & Csorba, M., 2001, “A solution to the simultaneous localization and map building (SLAM) problem”, IEEE Transactions on robotics and automation, 17(3):229-241.
     Davison, A. J., Reid, I. D., Molton, N. D., & Stasse, O., 2007, “MonoSLAM: Real-time single camera SLAM”, IEEE transactions on pattern analysis and machine intelligence, 29(6):1052-1067.
     El-Sheimy, N., 1996, “The development of VISAT: a mobile survey system for GIS applications”, University of Calgary.
     El-Hakim, S.F., and Pierre Boulanger., 1999, “Mobile system for indoor 3-D mapping and creating virtual environments”, U.S. Patent and Trademark Office.
     Ellum, C., & El-Sheimy, N., 2000, “The development of a backpack mobile mapping system”, International Archives of Photogrammetry and Remote Sensing, 33(B2; PART 2):184-191.
     Ellum, C., &El-Sheimy, N., 2002, “Land-based mobile mapping systems” Photogrammetric engineering and remote sensing, 68(1):13-17.
     Furukawa, Y., Curless, B., Seitz, S. M., & Szeliski, R., 2009, “Reconstructing building interiors from images”, Paper presented at the IEEE 12th International Conference on Computer Vision, Kyoto, Japan, September 27 - October 4.
     Jafri, R., Khan, M. M., 2016, “Obstacle detection and avoidance for the visually impaired in indoors environments using Google’s Project Tango Device”, Paper presented at the 15th International Conference on Computers Helping People with Special Needs , Linz, Austria, July 13-15.
     Mautz, R., 2012, Indoor positioning technologies, ETH Zurich, Swiss.
     Pintore, G., & Gobbetti, E., 2014, “Effective mobile mapping of multi-room indoor structures”, The visual computer, 30(6-8):707-716.
     Riisgaard, S., & Blas, M. R., 2003, SLAM for Dummies. A Tutorial Approach to Simultaneous Localization and Mapping, 22(1-127):126.
     Rosten, E., & Drummond, T., 2006, “Machine learning for high-speed corner detection” Paper presented at European conference on computer vision 2006, Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg.
     Schwarz, K. P., Martell, H. E., El-Sheimy, N., Li, R., Chapman, M. A., & Cosandier, D.,1993, “VIASAT-A mobile highway survey system of high accuracy”, Proceedings of IEEE Vehicle Navigation and Information Systems Conference, Ottawa, Canada, October 12–15.
     Sankar, A., & Seitz, S., 2012, “Capturing indoor scenes with smartphones”, In Proceedings of the 25th annual ACM symposium on User interface software and technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA, October 7-10.
     Shin, H., Chon, Y., & Cha, H., 2012, “Unsupervised construction of an indoor floor plan using a smartphone”, IEEE Transactions on Systems, Man, and Cybernetics, Part C (Applications and Reviews), 42(6):889-898.
     Schöps, T., Sattler, T., Häne, C., & Pollefeys, M., 2015, “3D modeling on the go: Interactive 3D reconstruction of large-scale scenes on mobile devices”, Paper presented at 2015 International Conference on 3D Vision, Lyon, France, October 19-22.
     Tao, C. V., 2000, “Mobile mapping technology for road network data acquisition”, Journal of Geospatial Engineering, 2(2):1-14.
     Welch, G., & Bishop, G., 2006, “An introduction to the kalman filter”, Proc of SIGGRAPH 2006, Boston, Massachusetts, USA, July 30-August 3.
     Woodman, O. J., 2007, An introduction to inertial navigation, Unpublished doctoral dissertation, Department of Computer Laboratory, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, England.
描述 碩士
國立政治大學
地政學系
105257004
資料來源 http://thesis.lib.nccu.edu.tw/record/#G0105257004
資料類型 thesis
dc.contributor.advisor 林士淵zh_TW
dc.contributor.advisor Lin, Shih-Yuanen_US
dc.contributor.author (Authors) 蔡立筠zh_TW
dc.contributor.author (Authors) Tsai, Li-Yunen_US
dc.creator (作者) 蔡立筠zh_TW
dc.creator (作者) Tsai, Li-Yunen_US
dc.date (日期) 2018en_US
dc.date.accessioned 27-Aug-2018 14:55:34 (UTC+8)-
dc.date.available 27-Aug-2018 14:55:34 (UTC+8)-
dc.date.issued (上傳時間) 27-Aug-2018 14:55:34 (UTC+8)-
dc.identifier (Other Identifiers) G0105257004en_US
dc.identifier.uri (URI) http://nccur.lib.nccu.edu.tw/handle/140.119/119590-
dc.description (描述) 碩士zh_TW
dc.description (描述) 國立政治大學zh_TW
dc.description (描述) 地政學系zh_TW
dc.description (描述) 105257004zh_TW
dc.description.abstract (摘要) 近年來由於穿戴式裝置的興起,使得虛擬實境、擴增實境等應用快速發展,連帶造成室內三維圖資的需求快速成長,也促使圖資蒐集與處理方式朝向更加快速、即時、低技術經驗門檻等方面發展。在此情況下,由於現今智慧型手機普及且發展成熟,普遍裝備有GNSS信號接收功能、微機電系統(Micro Electro Mechanical Systems, MEMS)為基礎的慣性測量原件(Inertial Measurement Unit, IMU),以及具備卓越的計算能力和高解析度的相機。若能利用並整合這些原件,智慧型手機具有成為低成本行移動製圖系統(mobile mapping system,MMS)之潛力。
     為因應室內三維模型的需求,本研究利用智慧型手機為工具,開發一套行人專用的室內三維重建APP,針對受地上物遮蔽、GNSS訊號脫落、無Wi-Fi及網路通訊之室內空間,利用單視覺影像即時定位與製圖技術(Monocular Simultaneous localization and mapping, Mono SLAM)與內建之慣性測量原件,進行室內三維空間模型的建立、定位與視覺化。同時,操作者可以利用APP中設計的互動式引導重建室內環境的機制,解決單以Mono SLAM建置之結構模糊和錯誤,並可即時展示重建之三維模型。
zh_TW
dc.description.abstract (摘要) Due to the significant improvement of wearable devices, virtual reality (VR) and augmented reality (AR) applications have been developed rapidly. To support various VR and AR applications, three-dimensional models are essential tools. Moreover, a flexible, efficient and real-time processing to generate 3D models is highly required. To achieve this, smart phone nowadays equipping with GNSS receiver, MEMS-based IMU, excellent computational capabilities and high resolution camera becomes a possible solution for purpose of low-cost and accessible mobile mapping system (MMS). In this study we developed a smartphone application aiming for interior space model reconstruction. With the technique of monocular simultaneous localization and mapping (Mono SLAM) and data collected through IMU in smartphone, users are able to reconstruct, localize and visualize the 3D model of interior space. In additional, by using the system we designed in the application, users can interactively guide the reconstruction process to resolve the structural ambiguities and errors during the acquisition with MonoSLAM. The resultant 3D model can be displayed in near real-time.en_US
dc.description.tableofcontents 第一章 緒論 1
     第一節 研究背景與動機 1
     第二節 研究目的 3
     第三節 研究流程 4
     第二章 文獻回顧 6
     第一節 移動製圖技術 6
     一、 移動製圖技術之發展 6
     二、 室內移動製圖系統 10
     三、 可攜式移動製圖系統 11
     四、 基於智慧型手機之移動製圖技術 14
     五、 小結 16
     第二節 室內三維建模 17
     一、 基於影像式資料之建模 17
     二、 基於三維點雲資料之建模 18
     三、 基於建物平面圖之建模 18
     四、 小結 19
     第三節 室內定位技術 20
     一、 無線射頻網路定位技術 20
     二、 行人航位推算技術 21
     三、 單視覺影像即時定位與製圖技術 21
     四、 小結 22
     第三章 研究方法與理論基礎 23
     第一節 單視覺影像即時定位與製圖 23
     一、 特徵追蹤 24
     二、 狀態模型 28
     三、 量測方程式 31
     四、 擴展式卡爾曼濾波 33
     第二節 室內幾何獲取 39
     一、 智慧型手機坐標系統 39
     二、 微機電系統MEMS 40
     三、 幾何測量模型 41
     第三節 APP開發 45
     一、 實驗硬體 45
     二、 開發工具 46
     第四章 實驗設計 50
     第一節 MonoSLAM定位檢核 50
     第二節 距離與高度估測功能檢核 51
     一、 初步測試 51
     二、 後期實驗 53
     第三節 水平角檢核 54
     第四節 室內平面幾何檢核 56
     第五節 APP實地測試 58
     第五章 實驗成果與分析 61
     第一節 MonoSLAM定位檢核成果 61
     一、 單一直線之定位成果 62
     二、 環狀路線之定位成果 63
     第二節 距離與高度估測功能檢核成果 64
     一、 初步測試成果 64
     二、 後期實驗成果 65
     第三節 水平角檢核成果 69
     第四節 室內平面幾何檢核成果 71
     第五節 APP實地測試成果 73
     一、 操作介面 75
     二、 系統架構 79
     三、 自動縫合系統 80
     四、 實驗區製圖成果 83
     第六章 結論與建議 90
     第一節 結論 90
     一、 多房間室內樓層平面圖建立之成果 90
     二、 室內幾何建立與相對定位之成果 90
     三、 移動製圖APP之成果 91
     第二節 建議 92
     一、 單視覺影像定位技術之優化 92
     二、 增加平面圖標記種類 92
     三、 整合地理資訊 92
     參考文獻 93
     一、中文參考文獻 93
     二、外文參考文獻 95
zh_TW
dc.source.uri (資料來源) http://thesis.lib.nccu.edu.tw/record/#G0105257004en_US
dc.subject (關鍵詞) 智慧型手機zh_TW
dc.subject (關鍵詞) 移動製圖zh_TW
dc.subject (關鍵詞) 單視覺影像定位與製圖zh_TW
dc.subject (關鍵詞) Smart phoneen_US
dc.subject (關鍵詞) Mobile mappingen_US
dc.subject (關鍵詞) MonoSLAMen_US
dc.title (題名) 以智慧型手機實現室內空間三維建模zh_TW
dc.title (題名) 3D modeling of interior space using smartphone-based mobile mapping systemen_US
dc.type (資料類型) thesisen_US
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 一、中文參考文獻
     江凱偉,2007,「新世代的測量車」,『科學發展』,416:6。
     江凱偉,2009,「發展適用於不同精度移動製圖應用之多感測器叢集式無縫直接定位定向平台」。
     江渾欽、馮怡婕,2012,「地籍建物三維資料流通架構建立之研究」, Journal of Taiwan Land Research,15(1):27-155。
     李庚諺,2012,「影像定位與同步建圖技術於導航系統之應用」,成功大學航空太空工程學系學位論文。
     財團法人國家實驗研究院科技政策研究與資訊中心,2007,「三維數位城市模型先期建置工作」。
     財團法人國家實驗研究院科技政策研究與資訊中心,2011,「100 年度多尺度三維數位城市技術規劃工作案」。
     財團法人國家實驗研究院科技政策研究與資訊中心,2012,「三維城市模型技術發展與更新機制工作案」。
     財團法人國家實驗研究院科技政策研究與資訊中心,2015,「三維城市模型與建築等級模型之整合機制工作案」。
     張毅雄,2010,「地籍建物資訊模型建立之研究」,臺北大學不動產與城鄉環境學系學位論文。
     張劍清、張祖勛,2011,『數字攝影測量學』,武漢大學出版社。
     許竣揚,2011,「單一相機同時定位與環境地圖建製於二維移動載具之實現」,國立臺灣科技大學機械工程系學位論文。
     許凱翔,2014,「具磁力計自我校正功能之磁性輔助視覺慣性測程器」,交通大學電機與控制工程系所學位論文。
     張桓、蔡富安,2014,「單視角影像滅點偵測與三維建物模型重建」,『航測及遙測學刊』,18(4):217-233。
     楊常清、王孝通、李博、金良安,2006,「基於特徵光流的角點匹配快速算法」, 『光電工程』,33(4):85-88。
     彭威然,2014,「使用手機加速度計和陀螺儀之室內定位」,淡江大學資訊工程學系資訊網路與通訊碩士班學位論文。
     馮怡婕,2009,「多尺度三維地籍建物資料流通架構建立之研究」,臺北大學不動產與城鄉環境學系碩士班學位論文,1-122。
     趙煇,2006,「基於點特徵的圖像配准算法研究」,山東大學信息學院碩士班學位論文 。
     鄭馳,2013,「基於光流法的單目視覺里程計研究」,浙江大學信息與通信工程學系碩士班學位論文。
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dc.identifier.doi (DOI) 10.6814/THE.NCCU.LE.019.2018.A05-