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題名 新聞中的老人形象分析:以《蘋果日報》為例
Images of Aging in Newspaper: A Case Study of Apple Daily作者 林璟筠
Lin, Ching-Yun貢獻者 林怡潔
林璟筠
Lin, Ching-Yun關鍵詞 老人
框架理論
議題設定
內容分析
置入性行銷
Aging
Frame theory
Agenda setting
Content analysis
Placement advertising日期 2018 上傳時間 29-Aug-2018 15:46:38 (UTC+8) 摘要 本研究針對蘋果日報2015年6月1日至2017年5月31日期間,長照法施行後老人相關新聞進行內容與框架分析。本研究透過議題設定理論視角,並參考過去與人口有關的新聞框架相關研究,從新聞內容中歸納出近年台灣與老人相關之新聞的框架及其新聞寫作特徵。本研究將老人相關新聞的框架區分為三大類:趨勢框架、社會問題框架與轉契機框架,透過新聞則數計算,發現社會問題框架之報導占最多數,對於老人之新聞報導亦偏負面形象,例如老人為社會負擔等。在性別方面的呈現亦有差異,描寫男性重視社會地位,女性則重視外表與生育能力。此外,本研究也發現,老人相關新聞中具有濃厚的商業主義影響,近兩成老人相關新聞為置入性行銷,其推銷的品項以「醫療保健品」為最多。
This research studies the representation of older adults in a Taiwanese newspaper, Apple Daily, from June 1, 2015 to May 31 2016. . Drawing from agenda setting theory and frame theory, this research analyzes the major frames and characteristics of the recent news trends on ageing and older adults. The findings include three major frames on “trend”, “social problem” and “new opportunity.” Older adults are framed as social problem by most and portrayed negatively in those news. There are also differences in the representations of gender images. For example, the portrayals of old men mostly focused on their social status, while the focus in the news about old women are related to their appearances and fertilities. In addition, about twenty percent of the news include placement advertising in the messages, among the most about medical products.參考文獻 中文、日文文獻王石番(1996)。《傳播內容分析法-理論與實證 (二版三刷)》。臺北:幼獅。王國讚、黃昶立(2000)。《大眾傳播》。 台北市︰麥格羅希爾。行政院(2012)。<長期照護服務能量提升計畫104 年至 107 年>。取自http://www.ey.gov.tw/Upload/RelFile/26/730958/37bc9015-e3da-4ba8-9a98-cd8c5384b97a.pdf李昭融(2015年12月)。<奶奶也可以好時髦>,《美麗佳人》。取自https://www.marieclaire.com.tw/celebrity/news/21144/page_4李灝楨(2012)。<空巢老人的媒介形象建構分析>,《東南傳播》,9:56-59。林東泰(2008)。《大眾傳播理論(增訂三版)》。 臺北市: 師大書苑。金田千賀子. (2006). 子どもが抱く高齢者のイメージ.医療福祉研究(2)、1-10徐立忠(1989)。《老人問題與對策》。台北:桂冠。高橋一公. (2013). 大学生の老人イメージ測定の試み: 自己老人イメージの SD 法とテキストマイニングによる分析を通して. 東京未来大学研究紀要, (6), 85國家發展委員會(2016)。<中華民國人口推估105年至150年>。取自file:///C:/Users/user/Downloads/105%E7%89%88%E4%BA%BA%E5%8F%A3%E6%8E%A8%E4%BC%B0%E5%A0%B1%E5%91%8A0810final.pdf張卿卿(2002)。<競選新聞框架與廣告訴求對選民政治效能與信賴感的影響>,《新聞學研究》,70:135-165。張舒(2009)。<時事類雜誌中的老年人形象>,《青年記者》, 2009(6B), 37-38。連淑錦(2012)。<電視廣告再現老人形象分析>,《廣播與電視》,35:30-60。連淑錦、張雁冰(2012)。電視廣告再現老人角色分析。2012年北京大學新聞傳播倫理與法治國際學術研討會,北京,中國郭子輝、金夢玉(2014)。<中國大陸媒體老人形象窘境及其影響>,《新聞傳播》, 11:27-28。郭愛妹、石盈(2006)。<「積極老齡化」: 一種社會建構論觀點>,《 江海學刊》, 5:124-128。陳九五、黃明賢、蔡瑞熊(1994)。<影響老人住院日數因素之初探>,《高雄醫學科學》,10(12):675-682。陳泓宇(2011)。<媒體中的老年人形象及其變遷—基於《中國老年》的內容分析〉。南開大學社會所碩士論文。媒體代理商協會媒體知識庫(2016)。<2016年媒體白皮書中文版>。取自http://www.maataipei.org/焦興鎧(2013)。<何謂「就業上年齡歧視」?―美國經驗之省思>,《就業安全」半年刊》。取自http://www2.evta.gov.tw/safe/docs/safe95/userplane/half_year_display.asp?menu_id=3&submenu_id=545&ap_id=1874須文蔚(2013)。<台灣報導文學與社會運動框架之互動關係研究─ 以台灣原住民還我土地運動為例>,《 文史台灣學報》,(6): 9-24。楊桂鳳, 劉銀隆, & 于漱. (2004). 老年人的形象: 世代間的比較. 醫護科技學刊, 6(4), 371-384.經建會(2013)。<全球人口老化之現況與趨勢>。取自file:///C:/Users/user/Downloads/%E5%85%A8%E7%90%83%E4%BA%BA%E5%8F%A3%E8%80%81%E5%8C%96%E4%B9%8B%E7%8F%BE%E6%B3%81%E8%88%87%E8%B6%A8%E5%8B%A2_201310.pdf臧國仁、蔡琰(2005)。< 再論新聞報導與時間敘事—以老人新聞為例>,《 新聞學研究》,83: 1-38。臧國仁、蔡琰(2008)。<熟年世代新傳媒與老人自我形象及社會角色建構的關係︰報紙、電視、電腦與網際網路所傳播之象徵系統對老人參與社會組織之影響>,《新聞學研究》,97: 1-43。臧國仁、蔡琰(2012)。《老人傳播:理論、研究與教學實例》。台北市:五南。劉蕙苓(2011)。《新聞多少錢?!探索置入性行銷對電視新聞的影響》。高雄市:巨流。劉豐、田春燕(2005)。<用框架理論分析媒體導向-以「9-11」事件後美國主要媒體報導的分析為例>,《 西南交通大學學報》, 6(6):33-36。英文文獻Bettman, J. R. , & Sujan, M. (1987). Effects of framing on evaluation of comparable and noncomparable alternatives by expert and novice consumers. Journal of Consumer Research, 141-154.Brewer MB, Dull V, Lui LL.(1981) Perceptions of the elderly: Stereotypes as prototypes. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology. 1981;41:656–670.Bryant, J., & Miron, D. (2004). Theory and research in mass communication. Journal of Communication, 54(4), 662-704.Cameron, G. T.(1994). Does publicity outperform advertising? An experience test of the third party endorsement. Journal of Public Relation Research, 6(3): 185-207Carver, C. S., & Garza, N. H. (1984). Schema‐Guided Information Search in Stereotyping of the Elderly1. Journal of Applied Social Psychology, 14(1), 69-81.Cohen, B. C. (1963). T he press and foreign policy. Princeton, NJ: Princeton UniversityPress. Cohen, J.(1988) Statistical Power Analysisfor the Behavioral Sciences.Entman, R. M. (1993). Framing: Toward clarification of a fractured paradigm. Journal of Communication, 43(4), 51-58.Erber JT (1989). Young and older adults` appraisal of memory failures in young and older adult target persons. Journal of Gerontology. 1989;44:170–175.Erber JT, Szuchman LT, Rothberg ST (1990a). Age, gender, and individual differences in memory failure appraisal. Psychology and Aging. 5:600–603.Erber JT, Szuchman LT, Rothberg ST (1990b). Everyday memory failure: Age differences in appraisal and attribution. Psychology and Aging. ; 5:236–241.Erber JT, Szuchman LT, Prager IG (2001). Ain`t misbehavin`: The effects of age and intentionality on judgments about misconduct. Psychology and Aging. 2001;16:85–95.FCC(2008, No.08-155). In the matter of sponsorship identification rules and embedded advertising, Notice of inquiry and notice of proposed rule making. [Online] .Available : http://hraunfoss.fcc.gov.edocs_public/attachment/FCC-08-155A1.pdfGans, H. J. (1979). Deciding what`s news: A study of CBS evening news, NBC nightly news, Newsweek, and Time. Northwestern University Press.Gerbner, G., Gross, L., Morgan, M., & Signorielli, N. (1986). Living with television: The dynamics of the cultivation process. Perspectives on media effects, 17-40.Goffman, E. (1974). Frame analysis: an essay on the organization of experience. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.Hall, S. (1997). Representation: Cultural representations and signifying practices (Vol. 2). Sage.Hummert ML, Garstka TA, Shaner JL, Strahm S. (1994). Stereotypes of the elderly held by young, middle-aged, and elderly adults. Journal of Gerontology: Psychological Sciences. 1994;49(5):P240–P249.Lazarsfeld, P. F., Berelson, B., & Gaudet, H. (1948). The peoples choice: how the voter makes up his mind in a presidential campaign.Lippmann, W. (1946). Public opinion (Vol. 1). Transaction Publishers.McCombs, M. E., & Shaw, D. L. (1972). The agenda-setting function of mass media. Public opinion quarterly, 36(2), 176-187.Price, V., & Tewksbury, D. (1997). News values and public opinion: A theoretical account of media priming and framing. Progress in communication sciences, 173-212.Richeson, J. A., & Shelton, J. N. (2006). A social psychological perspective on the stigmatization of older adults. When I’m, 64, 174-208.Scheufele, D. A., & Tewksbury, D. (2006). Framing, agenda setting, and priming: The evolution of three media effects models. Journal of communication, 57(1), 9-20.Tuchman, G. (1978). Making news: A study in the construction of reality.Van Gorp, B. (2007). The constructionist approach to framing: Bringing culture back in. Journal of communication, 57(1), 60-78.Reese, S. D., & Danielian, L. H. (1989). A closer look at intermedia influences on agenda setting: The cocaine issue of 1986. Communication campaigns about drugs: Government, media, and the public, 47-66.McCombs, M., Llamas, J. P., Lopez-Escobar, E., & Rey, F. (1997). Candidate images in Spanish elections: Second-level agenda-setting effects. Journalism & Mass Communication Quarterly, 74(4), 703-717.Yoshifumi Okamura (2016). Mainstreaming Gender and Aging in the SDGs. Retrieve from http://www.un.emb-japan.go.jp/jp/statements/okamura071316.html 描述 碩士
國立政治大學
新聞學系
102451005資料來源 http://thesis.lib.nccu.edu.tw/record/#G0102451005 資料類型 thesis dc.contributor.advisor 林怡潔 zh_TW dc.contributor.author (Authors) 林璟筠 zh_TW dc.contributor.author (Authors) Lin, Ching-Yun en_US dc.creator (作者) 林璟筠 zh_TW dc.creator (作者) Lin, Ching-Yun en_US dc.date (日期) 2018 en_US dc.date.accessioned 29-Aug-2018 15:46:38 (UTC+8) - dc.date.available 29-Aug-2018 15:46:38 (UTC+8) - dc.date.issued (上傳時間) 29-Aug-2018 15:46:38 (UTC+8) - dc.identifier (Other Identifiers) G0102451005 en_US dc.identifier.uri (URI) http://nccur.lib.nccu.edu.tw/handle/140.119/119710 - dc.description (描述) 碩士 zh_TW dc.description (描述) 國立政治大學 zh_TW dc.description (描述) 新聞學系 zh_TW dc.description (描述) 102451005 zh_TW dc.description.abstract (摘要) 本研究針對蘋果日報2015年6月1日至2017年5月31日期間,長照法施行後老人相關新聞進行內容與框架分析。本研究透過議題設定理論視角,並參考過去與人口有關的新聞框架相關研究,從新聞內容中歸納出近年台灣與老人相關之新聞的框架及其新聞寫作特徵。本研究將老人相關新聞的框架區分為三大類:趨勢框架、社會問題框架與轉契機框架,透過新聞則數計算,發現社會問題框架之報導占最多數,對於老人之新聞報導亦偏負面形象,例如老人為社會負擔等。在性別方面的呈現亦有差異,描寫男性重視社會地位,女性則重視外表與生育能力。此外,本研究也發現,老人相關新聞中具有濃厚的商業主義影響,近兩成老人相關新聞為置入性行銷,其推銷的品項以「醫療保健品」為最多。 zh_TW dc.description.abstract (摘要) This research studies the representation of older adults in a Taiwanese newspaper, Apple Daily, from June 1, 2015 to May 31 2016. . Drawing from agenda setting theory and frame theory, this research analyzes the major frames and characteristics of the recent news trends on ageing and older adults. The findings include three major frames on “trend”, “social problem” and “new opportunity.” Older adults are framed as social problem by most and portrayed negatively in those news. There are also differences in the representations of gender images. For example, the portrayals of old men mostly focused on their social status, while the focus in the news about old women are related to their appearances and fertilities. In addition, about twenty percent of the news include placement advertising in the messages, among the most about medical products. en_US dc.description.tableofcontents 壹、研究動機 1貳、文獻探討 7一、議題設定與框架理論 7(一)議題設定理論 7(二)框架理論 8(三)議題設定與框架理論的關係 11二、老人形象相關研究面向 12三、當今社會科學研究的老人議題: 13(一)社會與福利 14(二)身心健康 16(三)城鄉 17(四)性別 17(五)經濟 17(六)世代溝通 18三、小結 19参、研究方法 20一、研究問題 20二、研究方法與研究架構 21三、研究對象 21四、資料收集 21(一)、期間選取 21(二)、樣本選取 22五、資料分析方法與信度檢驗 22(一)、資料分析 22(二)信度檢驗 22六、分析架構 23肆、研究分析與討論 25一、框架內容 25二、編碼表 27三、編碼結果 32伍、研究結論與建議 61陸、研究限制與展望 64柒、參考文獻 65 zh_TW dc.format.extent 1628199 bytes - dc.format.mimetype application/pdf - dc.source.uri (資料來源) http://thesis.lib.nccu.edu.tw/record/#G0102451005 en_US dc.subject (關鍵詞) 老人 zh_TW dc.subject (關鍵詞) 框架理論 zh_TW dc.subject (關鍵詞) 議題設定 zh_TW dc.subject (關鍵詞) 內容分析 zh_TW dc.subject (關鍵詞) 置入性行銷 zh_TW dc.subject (關鍵詞) Aging en_US dc.subject (關鍵詞) Frame theory en_US dc.subject (關鍵詞) Agenda setting en_US dc.subject (關鍵詞) Content analysis en_US dc.subject (關鍵詞) Placement advertising en_US dc.title (題名) 新聞中的老人形象分析:以《蘋果日報》為例 zh_TW dc.title (題名) Images of Aging in Newspaper: A Case Study of Apple Daily en_US dc.type (資料類型) thesis en_US dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 中文、日文文獻王石番(1996)。《傳播內容分析法-理論與實證 (二版三刷)》。臺北:幼獅。王國讚、黃昶立(2000)。《大眾傳播》。 台北市︰麥格羅希爾。行政院(2012)。<長期照護服務能量提升計畫104 年至 107 年>。取自http://www.ey.gov.tw/Upload/RelFile/26/730958/37bc9015-e3da-4ba8-9a98-cd8c5384b97a.pdf李昭融(2015年12月)。<奶奶也可以好時髦>,《美麗佳人》。取自https://www.marieclaire.com.tw/celebrity/news/21144/page_4李灝楨(2012)。<空巢老人的媒介形象建構分析>,《東南傳播》,9:56-59。林東泰(2008)。《大眾傳播理論(增訂三版)》。 臺北市: 師大書苑。金田千賀子. (2006). 子どもが抱く高齢者のイメージ.医療福祉研究(2)、1-10徐立忠(1989)。《老人問題與對策》。台北:桂冠。高橋一公. 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