1. NCCU Academic Hub
  2. 學術產出
  3. College of Commerce
  4. Theses
  5. Item

學術產出-Theses

Article View/Open

Publication Export

Google ScholarTM

政大圖書館

Citation Infomation

題名 驅動工業4.0之IT能力影響商業模式創新之研究：基於動態能力的觀點
Effects of Industry 4.0-enabled IT Capability on Business Model Innovation: In Dynamic Capability View
作者 李宜靜
Lee, Yi-Ching
貢獻者 李易諭<br>季延平
Lee, Yih-Yuh<br>Chi, Yan-Ping
李宜靜
Lee, Yi-Ching
關鍵詞 工業4.0
資訊科技能力
動態能力
商業模式創新
動態環境
日期 2018
上傳時間 29-Aug-2018 15:46:53 (UTC+8)
摘要 由於德國工業4.0概念的興起，帶動了全球組織與產業鏈的新一波變革，對製造業從生產過程到策略決策乃至於商業模式各個層面產生巨大的影響。製造業是台灣產業發展重要支柱之一，在經濟和社會發展中佔有十分重要的地位。受到工業4.0及紅色供應鏈的產業因素與一例一休及法定薪資調漲等政策因素的影響，近來產業競爭愈加激烈，台灣製造業面臨不同以往的經營環境，現有資訊基礎建設、企業管理方式及商業經營模式，都受到更嚴峻的考驗。因此，企業必須透過不斷的動態調整核心競爭優勢，設法為產品與服務升級轉型，以適應新的商業環境和競爭態勢，才能持續在瞬息萬變的商業環境中生存發展，避免陷入被市場淘汰的困境當中。
隨著資訊科技及競爭優勢理論的不斷發展，資訊科技與企業經營管理的關係日益密切。資訊科技已從企業獲取競爭優勢的途徑，轉變為企業競爭優勢的核心價值，資訊科技在企業策略層面的重要性不斷提升。在工業4.0智慧製造的浪潮下，新科技的採用與資訊科技的整合儼然成為企業持續掌握先機並強化經營體質的關鍵。當資訊科技成為工業上更深層的應用，工業生產趨向智慧化、個人化、數位化，過去以人為導向的操作方式已朝智慧自動化製造的方向轉變，建立高度彈性的人機協作生產模式，傳統認定的上下游界限正逐漸模糊，產業鏈分工亦被重組並創造出新的價值，促使商業活動與合作模式的改變與創新。為此，企業除了須持續強化基礎工業技術、加強軟硬體設備支援資訊科技協作與分析的能力，同時須將既有的核心能力有系統地數位化轉型升級，使企業在高度不確定的環境中仍具有動態調整的能力，以進行利基型的商業模式創新。
過去學者從不同的理論觀點對商業模式創新議題進行研究，在學術及實務的應用上累積了豐碩的成果。然而商業模式創新議題涉及層面廣泛，目前工業4.0相關研究以導入策略及應用層面為主，對於導入所帶來的組織轉變、相對應能力的發展、對商業模式創新的影響程度，以及導入的過程中可能面臨的挑戰，存在深入探討的空間。因此，本研究為探討企業導入工業4.0相對應之IT能力發展，以文獻彙整建構出驅動工業4.0之IT能力三大構面與八項準則，透過德爾菲法凝聚6位產官學專家共識，重新定義了企業導入工業4.0所需具備之IT能力內涵，再藉由層級分析法進一步收集20份專家問卷，建立IT能力之重要性排序。同時，本研究亦針對台灣製造業在工業4.0高度變動的背景下，以資源基礎為理論脈絡的動態能力觀點建立結構方程模型，針對企業資訊科技能力、動態能力、動態環境和商業創新模式之間的關係進行實證研究，最終取得有效問卷102份進行資料分析。此外，為加強檢驗IT能力三大構面之相對重要性，基於結構方程模型的假設支持，研究進一步驗證了驅動工業4.0之IT能力三大構面對動態能力的影響。
研究結果顯示，在驅動工業4.0之IT能力三大構面中，以IT基礎設施能力最為關鍵，基於IT之智慧能力亦有其重要性，而IT人力資源能力則位居第三，此結果與其在結構方程模型中對動態能力的影響，得到相似的結果驗證；在八項準則中，以IT策略規劃能力與同步預警能力最為關鍵。IT策略規劃能力確保企業從產線收集來的資料得到良好分析，並能為支援管理決策所用；IT之同步預警能力能增進組織內外的溝通協調，對內透過同步預警機制即時監控，有效及時地排除生產障礙以提升良率。對外則透過有條件之資料同步，縮短並簡化與供應鏈及客戶之間溝通所需時間與作業流程。此外，IT能力越強、環境變動越劇烈，越有利於企業動態能力的形成，而動態能力會以顯著的中介機制增進商業模式創新，原因在於動態能力的形成促使企業具備感知、學習、整合與創新的能力，進而為企業帶來理念、組織、業務上的可能創新。
本研究除了在學術上將工業4.0的背景引入動態能力及資訊科技理論，豐富其完整性，使其因地制宜、與時俱進，實務上亦透過調查分析結果，期盼能為企業在轉型時期提供可能的解決方案，進而為台灣製造業帶來新價值與競爭優勢。
參考文獻 一、英文部分
Afuah, A., & Tucci, C. L. (2001). Internet business models and strategies. New York, NY: McGraw-Hill.
Aldrich, H. (1979). Organizations and environments. Englewood Cliffs, New Jersey: Prentice Hall.
Amit, R., & Schoemaker, P. J. (1993). Strategic assets and organizational rent. Strategic management journal, 14(1), 33-46.
Anderson, J.C., & Gerbing, D.W. (1988). Structural equation modeling in practice: A reviewand recommended two-step approach. Psychological Bulletin, 103(3), 411-423.
Andreu, R., & Ciborra, C. (1996). Organisational learning and core capabilities development: The role of IT. The Journal of Strategic Information Systems, 5(2), 111-127.
Applegate, L. M. (2001). Emerging e-business models: Lessons from the field. Boston, MA: Harvard Business School Press.
Bakos, J. Y., & Treacy, M. E. (1986). Information technology and corporate strategy: A research perspective. MIS quarterly, 107-119.
Barker III, V. L., & Duhaime, I. M. (1997). Strategic change in the turnaround process: Theory and empirical evidence. Strategic management journal, 13-38.
Barney, J. B. (1986). Strategic factor markets: Expectations, luck, and business strategy. Management science, 32(10), 1231-1241.
Barney, J. B. (2001). Resource-based theories of competitive advantage: A ten-year retrospective on the resource-based view. Journal of management, 27(6), 643-650.
Benjamin, R. I., & Levinson, E. (1993). A framework for managing IT-enabled change. Sloan Management Review, 34(4), 23.
Bharadwaj, A. S. (2000). A resource-based perspective on information technology capability and firm performance: An empirical investigation. MIS quarterly, 169-196.
Bharadwaj, A. S., Sambamurthy, V., & Zmud, R. W. (1999, January). IT capabilities: theoretical perspectives and empirical operationalization. In Proceedings of the 20th international conference on Information Systems (pp. 378-385). Association for Information Systems.
Bhatt, G. D., & Grover, V. (2005). Types of information technology capabilities and their role in competitive advantage: An empirical study. Journal of management information systems, 22(2), 253-277.
Bollo, D., & Stumm, M. (1998). Possible changes in logistic chain relationships due to Internet developments. International Transactions in Operational Research, 5(6), 427-445.
Byrne, B. M. (1994). Structural equation modeling with EQS and EQS/Windows: Basic concepts, applications, and programming. Beverly, CA: Sage.
Cash, J. I., & Konsynski, B. R. (1985). IS redraws competitive boundaries. Harvard Business Review, 63(2), 134-142.
Caves, R. E., Porter, M. E., & Spence, A. M. (1980). Competition in the open economy: A model applied to Canada (No. 150). Boston, MA: Harvard University Press.
Chesbrough, H., & Rosenbloom, R. (2002). The role of the business model in capturing value from innovation: Evidence from Xerox Corporation’s technology spin-Off companies. Industrial and Corporate Change, 11, 529-555.
Chin, W.W. (1998). Issues and opinion on structural equation modeling. Management Information System Quarterly, 22(1), 52-62.
Churchill, G. A. (1979). A paradigm for developing better measures of marketing constructs. Journal of marketing research, 64-73.
Ciborra, C. U., & Lanzara, G. F. (1994). Formative contexts and information technology: Understanding the dynamics of innovation in organizations. Accounting, management and information technologies, 4(2), 61-86.
Clemons, E. K., & Row, M. C. (1991). Sustaining IT advantage: The role of structural differences. MIS quarterly, 275-292.
Collis, D. J. (1994). Research note: how valuable are organizational capabilities?. Strategic management journal, 15(S1), 143-152.
Collis, D. J., & Montgomery, C. A. (1995). Competing on Resources: Strategy in the 1990s. Harvard Business Review, 73(July-August), 118-128.
Cragg, P., King, M., & Hussin, H. (2002). IT alignment and firm performance in small manufacturing firms. The Journal of Strategic Information Systems, 11(2), 109-132.
D’Aveni, R. A. (1994). Hypercompetition: Managing the dynamics of strategic maneuvering. New York, NY: Free Press.
Daniel, E. M., & Wilson, H. N. (2003). The role of dynamic capabilities in e-business transformation. European Journal of Information Systems, 12(4), 282-296.
Danneels, E. (2008). Organizational antecedents of second‐order competences. Strategic Management Journal, 29(5), 519-543.
Davenport, T. H. (1994). Saving IT`s soul: Human-centered information management. Harvard business review, 72(2), 119-31.
Davenport, T. H., & Short, J. E. (1990). The new industrial engineering: Information technology and business process redesign. Sloan Management Review, summer, 11-27.
De Bono, E. (1996). Edward de Bono`s Textbook of Wisdom. London, UK: Penguin Viking.
Dess, G. G., & Beard, D. W. (1984). Dimensions of organizational task environments. Administrative science quarterly, 52-73.
Dimitratos, P., Voudouris, I., Plakoyiannaki, E., & Nakos, G. (2012). International entrepreneurial culture — Toward a comprehensive opportunity-based operationalization of international entrepreneurship. International Business Review, 21(4), 708-721.
Don, G. (1996). Understanding the Net’s business model. New York, NY: McGraw-Hill.
Eisenhardt, K. M., & Martin, J. A. (2000). Dynamic capabilities: What are they? Strategic management journal, 21(11), 1105-1121.
Feeny, D. F., & Willcocks, L. P. (1998). Core IS capabilities for exploiting information technology. Sloan management review, 39(3), 9.
Fornell, C., & Larcker, D. F. (1981). Evaluating structural equation models with unobservable variables and measurement error. Journal of marketing research, 39-50.
Foss, N. J. (Ed.). (1997). Resources, firms, and strategies: a reader in the resource-based perspective. New York, NY: Oxford University Press.
Frezza, B. (1998). It’s time to examine your company’s e-business model. Internetweek, 720, 42.
Galunic, D. C., & Eisenhardt, K. M. (2001). Architectural innovation and modular corporate forms. Academy of Management journal, 44(6), 1229-1249.
Ghodsypour, S. H., & O`Brien, C. (1998). A decision support system for supplier selection using an integrated analytic hierarchy process and linear programming. International journal of production economics, 56, 199-212.
Grant, R. M. (1991). Porter`s ‘competitive advantage of nations’: An assessment. Strategic management journal, 12(7), 535-548.
Grant, R. M. (1996). Prospering in dynamically-competitive environments: Organizational capability as knowledge integration. Organization science, 7(4), 375-387.
Grover, V., & Goslar, M. D. (1993). The initiation, adoption, and implementation of telecommunications technologies in US organizations. Journal of Management Information Systems, 10(1), 141-164.
Gruber, F. E. (2013). Industry 4.0: A best practice project of the automotive industry. Digital Product and Process Development Systems. Berlin, DE: Springer.
Haag, S., Cummings, M., & McCubbrey, D. J. (2004). Management information systems for the information age. Boston, MA: McGraw-Hill.
Hair, J. F., Black, W. C., Babin, B. J., Anderson, R. E., & Tatham, R. L. (2006). Multivariate data analysis (Vol. 6). Upper Saddle River, NJ: Pearson Prentice Hall.
Hamel, G. (2000). Leading the revolution. Boston, MA: Harvard Business School Press.
Hammer, M., Champy, J., & Le Seac`h, M. (1993). Le reengineering (Vol. 26). Paris, FR: Dunod.
Hartman, A. (1981). Reaching consensus using the Delphi technique. Educational Leadership, 38(6), 495-497.
Hedman, J., & Kalling, T. (2003). The business model concept: Theoretical underpinnings and empirical illustrations. European journal of information systems, 12(1), 49-59.
Helfat, C. E. (1997). Know-how and asset complementarity and dynamic capability accumulation: The case of R&D. Strategic management journal, 339-360.
Helfat, C. E., & Peteraf, M. A. (2003). The dynamic resource‐based view: Capability lifecycles. Strategic management journal, 24(10), 997-1010.
Hsiao, S. W. (1998). Fuzzy logic based decision model for product design. International Journal of Industrial Ergonomics, 21(2), 103-116.
Iansiti, M., & Clark, K. B. (1994). Integration and dynamic capability: Evidence from product development in automobiles and mainframe computers. Industrial and corporate change, 3(3), 557-605.
Jansen, J. J., Vera, D., & Crossan, M. (2009). Strategic leadership for exploration and exploitation: The moderating role of environmental dynamism. The Leadership Quarterly, 20(1), 5-18.
Jaworski, B. J., & Kohli, A. K. (1993). Market orientation: antecedents and consequences. The Journal of marketing, 53-70.
Kim, G., Shin, B., Kim, K. K., & Lee, H. G. (2011). IT capabilities, process-oriented dynamic capabilities, and firm financial performance. Journal of the Association for Information Systems, 12(7), 487.
Lasi, H., Fettke, P., Kemper, H. G., Feld, T., & Hoffmann, M. (2014). Industry 4.0. Business & Information Systems Engineering, 6(4), 239-242.
Laudon, K. C., & Laudon, J. P. (2011). Essentials of management information systems. Upper Saddle River, NJ: Pearson.
Lawson, B., & Samson, D. (2001). Developing innovation capability in organisations: A dynamic capabilities approach. International journal of innovation management, 5(03), 377-400.
Lee, J. (2015). Industrial big data. Beijing, China: Mechanical Industry Press.
Leonard‐Barton, D. (1992). Core capabilities and core rigidities: A paradox in managing new product development. Strategic management journal, 13(S1), 111-125.
Lin, T. C., Chang, H. J., & Huang, C. C. (2011). An analysis of telemedicine in Taiwan: A business model perspective. International Journal of Gerontology, 5(4), 189-192.
Lin, X. Y., Zhang, Q. P., & Luo, H. Y. (2008, September). Partners selection for strategic technological innovation alliance from the knowledge perspective. In Management Science and Engineering, 2008. ICMSE 2008. 15th Annual Conference Proceedings, International Conference on (pp. 1416-1421). IEEE.
Linstone, H.A., & Turoff, M. (1979). The delphi method: Techniques and applications, 3rd Edition. Boston, MA: Addison-Wesley.
Liu, Y., Ying, Y., & Fagerlin, W. P. (2004). Knowledge creation and application in technology collaboration portfolio: Two cases in China. Chinese Management Studies, 9(4), 571-588.
McCarthy, J. (1989). Artificial intelligence, logic and formalizing common sense. In Philosophical logic and artificial intelligence. (pp. 161-190). Berlin, DE: Springer.
McFarlan, F. W., & Ashenhurst, R. L. (1984). The information systems research challenge: Proceedings. Boston, MA: Harvard Business School Press.
McGee, J. V., Prusak, L., & Pyburn, P. J. (1993). Managing information strategically: Increase your company`s competitiveness and efficiency by using information as a strategic tool (Vol. 1). San Francisco, CA; John Wiley & Sons.
Mendelson, H., & Pillai, R. R. (1998). Clockspeed and informational response: Evidence from the information technology industry. Information Systems Research, 9(4), 415-433.
Mitchell, D., & Coles, C. (2003). The ultimate competitive advantage of continuing business model innovation. Journal of Business Strategy, 24(5), 15-21.
Moore, J. F. (2006). Business ecosystems and the view from the firm. The antitrust bulletin, 51(1), 31-75.
Morris, M., Schindehutte, M., & Allen, J. (2005). The entrepreneur`s business model: Toward a unified perspective. Journal of business research, 58(6), 726-735.
Nelson, R. R., & Winter, S. G. (1982). The Schumpeterian tradeoff revisited. The American Economic Review, 72(1), 114-132.
Nunnally, J. C., & Bernstein, I. (1994). Psychological theory. New York, NY: McGraw-Hill.
Osterwalder, A., & Pigneur, Y. (2009). Business model generation: A handbook for visionaries, game changers, and challengers. Amsterdam, Netherlands: Modderman Drukwerk.
Osterwalder, A., Pigneur, Y., & Tucci, C. L. (2005). Clarifying business models: Origins, present, and future of the concept. Communications of AIS, 15(5), 751-775.
Parsons, G. L. (1983). Information technology: A new competitive weapon. Sloan Management Review, 25(1), 3.
Partovi, F. Y. (2006). An analytic model for locating facilities strategically. Omega, 34(1), 41-55.
Pavlou, P. A., & El Sawy, O. A. (2006). From IT leveraging competence to competitive advantage in turbulent environments: The case of new product development. Information Systems Research, 17(3), 198-227.
Pavlou, P. A., & El Sawy, O. A. (2011). Understanding the elusive black box of dynamic capabilities. Decision Sciences, 42(1), 239-273.
Pavlou, P. A., & Gefen, D. (2004). Building effective online marketplaces with institution-based trust. Information systems research, 15(1), 37-59.
Pavlou, P. A., Housel, T., Rodgers, W., & Jansen, E. (2005). Measuring the return on information technology: A knowledge-based approach for revenue allocation at the process and firm level. JAIS, 7(4), 199-226.
Peppard, J. (2000). Customer relationship management (CRM) in financial services. European Management Journal, 18(3), 312-327.
Peteraf, M. A. (1993). The cornerstones of competitive advantage: A resource‐based view. Strategic management journal, 14(3), 179-191.
Porter, M. E. (1997). Competitive strategy. Measuring Business Excellence, 1(2), 12-17.
Porter, M. E. (1998). Clusters and the new economics of competition (Vol. 76, No. 6, pp. 77-90). Boston, MA: Harvard Business Review.
Porter, M. E., & Millar, V. E. (1985). How information gives you competitive advantage. Harvard Business Review, 63(4), 149-160.
Prahalad, C. K., & Hamel, G. (1994). Strategy as a field of study: Why search for a new paradigm?. Strategic management journal, 15(S2), 5-16.
Prahalad, C. K., & Hamel, G. (2006). The core competence of the corporation. Strategische unternehmungsplanung—strategische unternehmungsführung (pp. 275-292). Berlin, DE: Springer.
Prusak, L. (2001). Where did knowledge management come from?. IBM systems journal, 40(4), 1002-1007.
Ravichandran, T., & Lertwongsatien, C. (2005). Effect of information systems resources and capabilities on firm performance: A resource-based perspective. Journal of management information systems, 21(4), 237-276.
Rayport, J. F., & Sviokla, J. J. (1995). Exploiting the virtual value chain. Harvard business review, 73(6), 75.
Rindova, V. P., & Kotha, S. (2001). Continuous “morphing”: Competing through dynamic capabilities, form, and function. Academy of Management Journal, 44(6), 1263-1280.
Ringle, C. M., Wende, S., & Will, A. (2005). SmartPLS- Version 2.0. Hamburg, German: Hamburg University.
Roberts, B., & Mackay, M. (1998). IT supporting supplier relationships: The role of electronic commerce. European Journal of Purchasing & Supply Management, 4(2-3), 175-184.
Rockart, J. F., & Short, J. E. (1989). IT in the 1990s: Managing organizational interdependence. MIT Sloan Management Review, 30(2), 7.
Ross, J. W., Beath, C. M., & Goodhue, D. L. (1996). Develop long-term competitiveness through IT assets. Sloan management review, 38(1), 31.
Saaty, T. L., & Takizawa, M. (1986). Dependence and independence: From linear hierarchies to nonlinear networks. European journal of operational research, 26(2), 229-237.
Sailer, J. (2014). M2M–Internet of Things–Web of Things–Industry 4.0. e & i Elektrotechnik und Informationstechnik, 131(1), 3-4.
Sambamurthy, V., & Zmud, R. W. (2000). Research commentary: The organizing logic for an enterprise`s IT activities in the digital era — A prognosis of practice and a call for research. Information systems research, 11(2), 105-114.
Sambamurthy, V., Bharadwaj, A., & Grover, V. (2003). Shaping agility through digital options: Reconceptualizing the role of information technology in contemporary firms. MIS quarterly, 237-263.
Santhanam, R., & Hartono, E. (2003). Issues in linking information technology capability to firm performance. MIS quarterly, 125-153.
Schlechtendahl, J., Keinert, M., Kretschmer, F., Lechler, A., & Verl, A. (2015). Making existing production systems Industry 4.0-ready. Production Engineering, 9(1), 143-148.
Selznick, P. (1957). Leadership and Administration. New York, NY: Haprer & Row.
Selznick, P. (2011). Leadership in administration: A sociological interpretation. New Orleans, LA: Quid Pro Books.
Sher, P. J., & Lee, V. C. (2004). Information technology as a facilitator for enhancing dynamic capabilities through knowledge management. Information & management, 41(8), 933-945.
Siggelkow, N. (2002). Evolution toward fit. Administrative Science Quarterly, 47(1), 125-159.
Skyrme, D. J. (2000). Developing a knowledge strategy: from management to leadership. Knowledge management: Classic and contemporary works, 61-83.
Sobel, M.E. (1982). Asymptotic confidence intervals for indirect effects in structural equation models. Sociological Methodology, 13, 290-312.
Stabell, C. B., & Fjeldstad, Ø. D. (1998). Configuring value for competitive advantage: On chains, shops, and networks. Strategic management journal, 413-437.
Stalk, G., Evans, P., & Shulman, L. E. (1992). Competing on capabilities: The new rules of corporate strategy. Harvard business review, 70(2), 57-69.
Tarafdar, M., & Vaidya, S. D. (2004). Challenges in the adoption of information technology at sunrise industries: The case of an Indian firm. Journal of Cases on Information Technology, 6(1), 457-479.
Teece, D. J., Pisano, G., & Shuen, A. (1997). Dynamic capabilities and strategic management. Strategic management journal, 509-533.
Teece, D., & Pisano, G. (1994). The dynamic capabilities of firms: An introduction. Industrial and corporate change, 3(3), 537-556.
Terry Anthony Byrd, D. E. T. (2000). Measuring the flexibility of information technology infrastructure: Exploratory analysis of a construct. Journal of Management Information Systems, 17(1), 167-208.
Timmers, P. (1998). Business models for electronic markets. Journal on Electronic Markets, 8(2), 3-8.
Tippins, M. J., & Sohi, R. S. (2003). IT competency and firm performance: Is organizational learning a missing link?. Strategic management journal, 24(8), 745-761.
Tyre, M. J., & Orlikowski, W. J. (1993). Exploiting opportunities for technological improvement in organizations. Sloan Management Review, 35(1), 13.
Van Der Heijden, H. (2001). Measuring IT core capabilities for electronic commerce. Journal of Information Technology, 16(1), 13-22.
Venkatraman, N. (1994). IT-enabled business transformation: from automation to business scope redefinition. Sloan management review, 35(2), 73.
Venkatraman, N., & Henderson, J. C. (2008). Four vectors of business model innovation: Value capture in a network era. From strategy to execution, 259-280.
Wallace, W. L. (1971). The Logic of Science in Sociology [sound Recording]. London, UK: Transaction Publishers.
Wang, C. L., & Ahmed, P. K. (2007). Dynamic capabilities: A review and research agenda. International journal of management reviews, 9(1), 31-51.
Warner, T. N. (1987). Information technology as a competitive burden. Sloan Management Review, 29(1), 55.
Wernerfelt, B. (1984). A resource‐based view of the firm. Strategic management journal, 5(2), 171-180.
Wheeler, B. C. (2002). NEBIC: A dynamic capabilities theory for assessing net-enablement. Information Systems Research, 13(2), 125-146.
Wheelwright, S. C., & Clark, K. B. (1992). Revolutionizing product development: Quantum leaps in speed, efficiency, and quality. Avon, MA: Simon and Schuster.
Winter, S. G. (2003). Understanding dynamic capabilities. Strategic management journal, 24(10), 991-995.
Winterscheid, J. F. (1996). Foreign Competition and US Merger Analysis. Antitrust Law Journal, 65(1), 241-252.
Wirtz, B. W., Pistoia, A., Ullrich, S., & Göttel, V. (2016). Business models: Origin, development and future research perspectives. Long Range Planning, 49(1), 36-54.
Wiseman, C. (1985). Strategy and computers. New York, NY: Dow Jones-Irwin.
Wu, L. Y. (2006). Resources, dynamic capabilities and performance in a dynamic environment: Perceptions in Taiwanese IT enterprises. Information & Management, 43(4), 447-454.
Wu, L. Y. (2010). Applicability of the resource-based and dynamic-capability views under environmental volatility. Journal of Business Research, 63(1), 27-31.
Yoon, K., & Hwang, C. L. (1985). Manufacturing plant location analysis by multiple attribute decision making: Part I-Single-Plant strategy. International Journal of Production Research, 23(2), 345-359.
Zahra, S. A., & George, G. (2002). The net-enabled business innovation cycle and the evolution of dynamic capabilities. Information Systems Research, 13(2), 147-150.
Zollo, M., & Winter, S. G. (2002). Deliberate learning and the evolution of dynamic capabilities. Organization science, 13(3), 339-351.
Zott, C., & Amit, R. (2008). The fit between product market strategy and business model: Implications for firm performance. Strategic management journal, 29(1), 1-26.
Zott, C., Amit, R., & Massa, L. (2011). The business model: Recent developments and future research. Journal of management, 37(4), 1019-1042.

二、中文部分
工業4.0工作組 (2013)。把握德國製造業的未來，實施工業4.0攻略的建議。波昂：德國聯邦教育及研究部。
方衛紅 (2012)。IT能力理論文獻綜述。經營與管理，11，136-139。
王森信、楊文華、徐茂練 (2008)。企業資源及動態能力對於產品創新績效的影響─以台灣中部地區中小企業為例。發表於林文燦(主持)，管理類論文發表。產業管理創新研討會，台中市，台灣。
王磊 (2015)。企業資訊化領導力形成機理及對競爭優勢的影響研究(博士論文)。吉林大學，長春。
王璐 (2013)。基於大資料的商業模式創新案例研究(博士論文)。北京郵電大學，北京。
余楓 (2008)。以動態能力為仲介的資訊技術驅動的企業戰略轉型研究—以券商經紀業務為例(博士論文)。同濟大學，上海。
宋文娟 (2001)。一種質量並重的研究法：德菲法在醫務管理學研究領域之應用。醫務管理期刊，2(2)，11-19。
李正衛 (2003)。動態環境條件下的組織學習與企業績效(博士論文)。浙江大學，浙江。
李傑著、邱伯華(譯) (2015)。工業大數據：工業4.0時代的工業轉型與價值創造。北京：機械工業出版社。
李隨成、楊功慶 (2008)。IT 能力及資訊共用對企業間研發合作的影響研究。科研管理，29(4)，55-63。
沈永言 (2011)。商業模式理論與創新研究(博士論文)。北京郵電大學，北京。
邱皓政 (2006)。量化研究與統計分析。台北：五南圖書出版股份有限公司。
金勇進、梁燕 (2008)。顧客滿意度模型估計的PLS和LISER：北京市居民滿意度評估系統研究階段成果。中國人民大學，北京。
胡豔曦、曾楚宏 (2008)。論商業模式創新中的組織合法性。學術研究，9，55-58。
翁君奕 (2004)。商業模式創新。北京：經濟管理出版社。
荊浩、賈建鋒 (2011)。中小企業動態商業模式創新—基於創業板立思辰的案例研究。科學學與科學技術管理，32(1)，67-70。
高闖、關鑫 (2006)。企業商業模式創新的實現方式與演進機理—一種基於價值鏈創新的理論解釋。中國工業經濟，11，83-90。
張忠謀 (2008)。九個條件打造世界級企業。臺北：遠見雜誌。
張保隆、周瑛琪、翁振益 (2007)。決策分析:方法與應用。臺北：華泰文化。
張嵩、李文立、黃麗華 (2004)。電子商務環境下企業IT 基礎設施能力的構成研究。電腦集成製造系統，11，1459-1465。
張鶴達 (2008)。基於資源觀的IT能力對企業績效的影響機制研究(博士論文)。吉林大學，長春。
曹紅軍、趙劍波 (2008)。動態能力如何影響企業績效—基於中國企業的實證研究。南開管理評論，6，54-65。
陳文基、忻展紅、申志偉 (2011)。基於經典紮根理論的商業模式研究。北京郵電大學學報社會科學版，3，81-88。
陳明哲 (2016)。學術創業：動態競爭理論從無到有的歷程。中大管理研究，(3)，1-16。
陳建斌、方德英、汪惠 (2010)。企業IT 能力系統動態演變的分析模型研究。管理評論，3，63-68。
陳建斌、黃愛華、方德英 (2007)。多元化企業 IT 協同能力構成及其形成機理研究。外國經濟與管理，29(10)，26-31。
陳建斌、鄭麗、張淩雲 (2014)。智慧景區IT 能力模型及其核心構成研究。旅遊科學，28(1)，14-21。
曾萍、宋鐵波 (2014)。基於內外因素整合視角的商業模式創新驅動力研究。管理學報，11(7)，989-996。
曾萍、李明璿、劉洋 (2016)。政府支援、企業動態能力與商業模式創新：傳導機制與情境調節。研究與發展管理，28(4)，31-38。
曾萍、鄧騰智、宋鐵波 (2013)。社會資本、動態能力與企業創新關係的實證研究。科研管理，4，50-59。
曾楚宏、朱仁宏、李孔嶽 (2008)。基於價值鏈理論的商業模式分類及其演化規律。財經科學，6，102-110。
馮正民、江俊良（1988）。計畫評估方法之評述。規劃學報，15，67-86。
黃培、陳俊芳 (2003)。贏利定律：商業模式的理論、方法與實踐。北京：中國標準出版社。
劉文良 (2012)。管理資訊系統 (第二版)。台北：碁峰資訊。
劉剛、劉靜 (2013)。動態能力對企業績效影響的實證研究—基於環境動態性的視角。經濟理論與經濟管理，3，83-94。
劉雪鋒 (2007)。網路嵌入性與差異化戰略及企業績效關係研究(博士論文)。浙江大學，浙江。
蔡子龍、束洪春 (2013)。智慧電網IT 能力成熟度模型及其模糊綜合評價研究。昆明理工大學學報自然科學版，38(6)，68-73。
鄧振源、曾國雄 (1989)。層級分析法(AHP)的內涵特性與應用（上）。中國統計學報，27(6)，5-22。
蕭文龍 (2013)。統計分析入門與應用：SPSS中文版與PLS-SEM(SmartPLS)（初版）。 台灣：碁峰資訊。
簡禎富 (2014)。決策分析與管理：紫式決策分析以全面提升決策品質（第二版）。台北：雙葉書廊。
簡禎富、林國義、許鉅秉、吳政鴻 (2016)。台灣生產與作業管理之相關期刊文獻回顧與前瞻：從工業3.0到工業3.5。管理學報，33(1)，87-103。
羅瑉、曾濤、周思偉 (2005)。企業商業模式創新：基於租金理論的解釋。中國工業經濟，7，73-81。
龐長偉、李垣、段光 (2015)。整合能力與企業績效:商業模式創新的仲介作用。管理科學，28(5)，31-41。

三、網頁部分
IBM (2006)。最佳化 IT 來達成業務目標。取自http://www.935.ibm.com/services/tw/cio/pdf/optit_wp_gts_itoptimization_tc.pdf
Stragegy& (2015)。【思略特觀點】德國、美國、中國：三個“工業4.0”有何不同。取自http://blog.sina.com.cn/s/blog_62eca3670102wbr4.html
工業4.0俱樂部 (2015)。專訪李傑教授：工業大數據與工業4.0時代的價值創造。取自https://read01.com/3zGnMy.html
夷萍 (2015)。工業4.0你的公司成熟度幾何？ 取自http://bmr.cb.com.cn/zhuanlan2/2015_0911/1148778.html
科技產業資訊室 (2015)。探討工業4.0方程式：6C+6M。取自http://iknow.stpi.narl.org.tw/Post/Read.aspx?PostID=10861
張博欽(2017)。紅色供應鏈對台灣產業之影響評估。取自http://www.twse.com.tw/ch/products/publication/download/0003000156.pdf
清科研究中心 (2016)。《2016工業4.0海外投資報告》發布：上半年我國以60億歐元佈局德國。取自http://gongkong.ofweek.com/2016-08/ART-310000-12000-30026307.html
經理人 (2016)。一顆「荷包蛋」，教你想清楚產品創新這回事。取自 https://www.managertoday.com.tw/books/view/52881
經濟部統計處 (2017)。105年第四季製造業產值統計。取自http://www.moea.gov.tw/Mns/dos/bulletin/Bulletin.aspx?kind=7&html=1&menu_id=6726&bull_id=2852
鼎新電腦 (2015)。工業4.0互聯網加速產業變革，邁向智能智造。取自http://mag.digiwin.com/%E5%B7%A5%E6%A5%AD4-0-%E4%BA%92%E8%81%AF%E7%B6%B2-%E5%8A%A0%E9%80%9F%E7%94%A2%E6%A5%AD%E8%AE%8A%E9%9D%A9-%E9%82%81%E5%90%91-%E6%99%BA%E8%83%BD%E6%99%BA%E9%80%A0/
閱讀最前線 (2016)。用《工業大數據》，發現台灣製造業的蛋白商機。取自https://news.readmoo.com/2016/08/01/big-data-brings-industry-4-0/
羅蘭貝格戰略諮詢公司 (2015)。工業 4.0：歐洲將如何取得新工業革命的勝利。取自http://www.gisti-thinkbank.ac.cn/admin/upload/20150327-%E7%BD%97%E5%85%B0%E8%B4%9D%E6%A0%BC%E6%88%98%E7%95%A5%E5%92%A8%E8%AF%A2%E5%85%AC%E5%8F%B8%E5%8F%91%E5%B8%83.pdf
描述 博士
國立政治大學
企業管理學系
98355512
資料來源 http://thesis.lib.nccu.edu.tw/record/#G0098355512
資料類型 thesis
dc.contributor.advisor 李易諭<br>季延平zh_TW
dc.contributor.advisor Lee, Yih-Yuh<br>Chi, Yan-Pingen_US
dc.contributor.author (Authors) 李宜靜zh_TW
dc.contributor.author (Authors) Lee, Yi-Chingen_US
dc.creator (作者) 李宜靜zh_TW
dc.creator (作者) Lee, Yi-Chingen_US
dc.date (日期) 2018en_US
dc.date.accessioned 29-Aug-2018 15:46:53 (UTC+8)-
dc.date.available 29-Aug-2018 15:46:53 (UTC+8)-
dc.date.issued (上傳時間) 29-Aug-2018 15:46:53 (UTC+8)-
dc.identifier (Other Identifiers) G0098355512en_US
dc.identifier.uri (URI) http://nccur.lib.nccu.edu.tw/handle/140.119/119711-
dc.description (描述) 博士zh_TW
dc.description (描述) 國立政治大學zh_TW
dc.description (描述) 企業管理學系zh_TW
dc.description (描述) 98355512zh_TW
dc.description.abstract (摘要) 由於德國工業4.0概念的興起，帶動了全球組織與產業鏈的新一波變革，對製造業從生產過程到策略決策乃至於商業模式各個層面產生巨大的影響。製造業是台灣產業發展重要支柱之一，在經濟和社會發展中佔有十分重要的地位。受到工業4.0及紅色供應鏈的產業因素與一例一休及法定薪資調漲等政策因素的影響，近來產業競爭愈加激烈，台灣製造業面臨不同以往的經營環境，現有資訊基礎建設、企業管理方式及商業經營模式，都受到更嚴峻的考驗。因此，企業必須透過不斷的動態調整核心競爭優勢，設法為產品與服務升級轉型，以適應新的商業環境和競爭態勢，才能持續在瞬息萬變的商業環境中生存發展，避免陷入被市場淘汰的困境當中。
隨著資訊科技及競爭優勢理論的不斷發展，資訊科技與企業經營管理的關係日益密切。資訊科技已從企業獲取競爭優勢的途徑，轉變為企業競爭優勢的核心價值，資訊科技在企業策略層面的重要性不斷提升。在工業4.0智慧製造的浪潮下，新科技的採用與資訊科技的整合儼然成為企業持續掌握先機並強化經營體質的關鍵。當資訊科技成為工業上更深層的應用，工業生產趨向智慧化、個人化、數位化，過去以人為導向的操作方式已朝智慧自動化製造的方向轉變，建立高度彈性的人機協作生產模式，傳統認定的上下游界限正逐漸模糊，產業鏈分工亦被重組並創造出新的價值，促使商業活動與合作模式的改變與創新。為此，企業除了須持續強化基礎工業技術、加強軟硬體設備支援資訊科技協作與分析的能力，同時須將既有的核心能力有系統地數位化轉型升級，使企業在高度不確定的環境中仍具有動態調整的能力，以進行利基型的商業模式創新。
過去學者從不同的理論觀點對商業模式創新議題進行研究，在學術及實務的應用上累積了豐碩的成果。然而商業模式創新議題涉及層面廣泛，目前工業4.0相關研究以導入策略及應用層面為主，對於導入所帶來的組織轉變、相對應能力的發展、對商業模式創新的影響程度，以及導入的過程中可能面臨的挑戰，存在深入探討的空間。因此，本研究為探討企業導入工業4.0相對應之IT能力發展，以文獻彙整建構出驅動工業4.0之IT能力三大構面與八項準則，透過德爾菲法凝聚6位產官學專家共識，重新定義了企業導入工業4.0所需具備之IT能力內涵，再藉由層級分析法進一步收集20份專家問卷，建立IT能力之重要性排序。同時，本研究亦針對台灣製造業在工業4.0高度變動的背景下，以資源基礎為理論脈絡的動態能力觀點建立結構方程模型，針對企業資訊科技能力、動態能力、動態環境和商業創新模式之間的關係進行實證研究，最終取得有效問卷102份進行資料分析。此外，為加強檢驗IT能力三大構面之相對重要性，基於結構方程模型的假設支持，研究進一步驗證了驅動工業4.0之IT能力三大構面對動態能力的影響。
研究結果顯示，在驅動工業4.0之IT能力三大構面中，以IT基礎設施能力最為關鍵，基於IT之智慧能力亦有其重要性，而IT人力資源能力則位居第三，此結果與其在結構方程模型中對動態能力的影響，得到相似的結果驗證；在八項準則中，以IT策略規劃能力與同步預警能力最為關鍵。IT策略規劃能力確保企業從產線收集來的資料得到良好分析，並能為支援管理決策所用；IT之同步預警能力能增進組織內外的溝通協調，對內透過同步預警機制即時監控，有效及時地排除生產障礙以提升良率。對外則透過有條件之資料同步，縮短並簡化與供應鏈及客戶之間溝通所需時間與作業流程。此外，IT能力越強、環境變動越劇烈，越有利於企業動態能力的形成，而動態能力會以顯著的中介機制增進商業模式創新，原因在於動態能力的形成促使企業具備感知、學習、整合與創新的能力，進而為企業帶來理念、組織、業務上的可能創新。
本研究除了在學術上將工業4.0的背景引入動態能力及資訊科技理論，豐富其完整性，使其因地制宜、與時俱進，實務上亦透過調查分析結果，期盼能為企業在轉型時期提供可能的解決方案，進而為台灣製造業帶來新價值與競爭優勢。		zh_TW
dc.description.tableofcontents 第一章 緒論 1
第一節 研究背景與動機 1
第二節 研究問題與目的 6
第三節 研究流程 8
第四節 論文架構 10
第二章 文獻探討 11
第一節 工業4.0 11
一、德國工業4.0策略源起 11
二、工業4.0運作機制 13
三、工業4.0技術應用 15
四、工業4.0成熟度評估 16
五、工業4.0價值創造 18
六、工業4.0驅動之商業模式創新 21
第二節 企業競爭優勢理論 23
一、結構學派：基於產業結構分析 23
二、能力學派：基於企業能力分析 23
三、資源學派：基於企業資源分析 24
四、策略聯盟學派：基於競合觀點 25
五、超競爭學派：基於超越競爭觀點 26
第三節 動態能力理論 29
一、動態能力界定 29
二、動態能力構成要素 32
三、動態能力演化機制 32
四、動態環境 34
第四節 資訊科技 35
一、競爭優勢下的資訊科技 35
二、資訊科技能力理論 41
三、驅動工業4.0之資訊科技能力 43
第五節 商業模式 45
一、商業模式定義 45
二、商業模式類型 47
三、商業模式構成要素 47
四、商業模式創新 49
第三章 驅動工業4.0之IT能力評估準則建構 51
第一節 德爾菲法 51
一、研究方法設計 51
二、問卷構面與準則修正 55
第二節 層級分析法 57
一、研究方法設計 61
二、專家問卷分析結果 62
第三節 小結 77
第四章 動態能力觀點下IT能力與商業模式創新之關係驗證 79
第一節 研究架構與假說 79
一、IT能力對動態能力的影響 80
二、動態能力的中介作用 82
三、動態環境的調節作用 83
第二節 操作型定義與衡量變項 85
一、驅動工業4.0之IT能力 85
二、動態能力 89
三、商業模式創新 91
四、動態環境 93
第三節 研究方法設計 94
一、問卷設計 94
二、抽樣設計 95
三、預試問卷 96
四、資料分析方法 96
第四節 資料分析結果 97
一、敘述性統計分析 97
二、信度與效度分析 104
三、模型分析與假設驗證 106
第五節 小結 108
第五章 結論與建議 110
第一節 研究結論 110
第二節 研究建議 113
一、研究貢獻 113
二、管理義涵 114
三、研究限制與未來建議方向 115
參考文獻 117
附錄一 AHP專家問卷 129
附錄二 動態能力觀點之IT能力影響商業模式創新調查問卷 136		zh_TW
dc.format.extent 3215232 bytes-
dc.format.mimetype application/pdf-
dc.source.uri (資料來源) http://thesis.lib.nccu.edu.tw/record/#G0098355512en_US
dc.subject (關鍵詞) 工業4.0zh_TW
dc.subject (關鍵詞) 資訊科技能力zh_TW
dc.subject (關鍵詞) 動態能力zh_TW
dc.subject (關鍵詞) 商業模式創新zh_TW
dc.subject (關鍵詞) 動態環境zh_TW
dc.title (題名) 驅動工業4.0之IT能力影響商業模式創新之研究：基於動態能力的觀點zh_TW
dc.title (題名) Effects of Industry 4.0-enabled IT Capability on Business Model Innovation: In Dynamic Capability Viewen_US
dc.type (資料類型) thesisen_US
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 一、英文部分
Afuah, A., & Tucci, C. L. (2001). Internet business models and strategies. New York, NY: McGraw-Hill.
Aldrich, H. (1979). Organizations and environments. Englewood Cliffs, New Jersey: Prentice Hall.
Amit, R., & Schoemaker, P. J. (1993). Strategic assets and organizational rent. Strategic management journal, 14(1), 33-46.
Anderson, J.C., & Gerbing, D.W. (1988). Structural equation modeling in practice: A reviewand recommended two-step approach. Psychological Bulletin, 103(3), 411-423.
Andreu, R., & Ciborra, C. (1996). Organisational learning and core capabilities development: The role of IT. The Journal of Strategic Information Systems, 5(2), 111-127.
Applegate, L. M. (2001). Emerging e-business models: Lessons from the field. Boston, MA: Harvard Business School Press.
Bakos, J. Y., & Treacy, M. E. (1986). Information technology and corporate strategy: A research perspective. MIS quarterly, 107-119.
Barker III, V. L., & Duhaime, I. M. (1997). Strategic change in the turnaround process: Theory and empirical evidence. Strategic management journal, 13-38.
Barney, J. B. (1986). Strategic factor markets: Expectations, luck, and business strategy. Management science, 32(10), 1231-1241.
Barney, J. B. (2001). Resource-based theories of competitive advantage: A ten-year retrospective on the resource-based view. Journal of management, 27(6), 643-650.
Benjamin, R. I., & Levinson, E. (1993). A framework for managing IT-enabled change. Sloan Management Review, 34(4), 23.
Bharadwaj, A. S. (2000). A resource-based perspective on information technology capability and firm performance: An empirical investigation. MIS quarterly, 169-196.
Bharadwaj, A. S., Sambamurthy, V., & Zmud, R. W. (1999, January). IT capabilities: theoretical perspectives and empirical operationalization. In Proceedings of the 20th international conference on Information Systems (pp. 378-385). Association for Information Systems.
Bhatt, G. D., & Grover, V. (2005). Types of information technology capabilities and their role in competitive advantage: An empirical study. Journal of management information systems, 22(2), 253-277.
Bollo, D., & Stumm, M. (1998). Possible changes in logistic chain relationships due to Internet developments. International Transactions in Operational Research, 5(6), 427-445.
Byrne, B. M. (1994). Structural equation modeling with EQS and EQS/Windows: Basic concepts, applications, and programming. Beverly, CA: Sage.
Cash, J. I., & Konsynski, B. R. (1985). IS redraws competitive boundaries. Harvard Business Review, 63(2), 134-142.
Caves, R. E., Porter, M. E., & Spence, A. M. (1980). Competition in the open economy: A model applied to Canada (No. 150). Boston, MA: Harvard University Press.
Chesbrough, H., & Rosenbloom, R. (2002). The role of the business model in capturing value from innovation: Evidence from Xerox Corporation’s technology spin-Off companies. Industrial and Corporate Change, 11, 529-555.
Chin, W.W. (1998). Issues and opinion on structural equation modeling. Management Information System Quarterly, 22(1), 52-62.
Churchill, G. A. (1979). A paradigm for developing better measures of marketing constructs. Journal of marketing research, 64-73.
Ciborra, C. U., & Lanzara, G. F. (1994). Formative contexts and information technology: Understanding the dynamics of innovation in organizations. Accounting, management and information technologies, 4(2), 61-86.
Clemons, E. K., & Row, M. C. (1991). Sustaining IT advantage: The role of structural differences. MIS quarterly, 275-292.
Collis, D. J. (1994). Research note: how valuable are organizational capabilities?. Strategic management journal, 15(S1), 143-152.
Collis, D. J., & Montgomery, C. A. (1995). Competing on Resources: Strategy in the 1990s. Harvard Business Review, 73(July-August), 118-128.
Cragg, P., King, M., & Hussin, H. (2002). IT alignment and firm performance in small manufacturing firms. The Journal of Strategic Information Systems, 11(2), 109-132.
D’Aveni, R. A. (1994). Hypercompetition: Managing the dynamics of strategic maneuvering. New York, NY: Free Press.
Daniel, E. M., & Wilson, H. N. (2003). The role of dynamic capabilities in e-business transformation. European Journal of Information Systems, 12(4), 282-296.
Danneels, E. (2008). Organizational antecedents of second‐order competences. Strategic Management Journal, 29(5), 519-543.
Davenport, T. H. (1994). Saving IT`s soul: Human-centered information management. Harvard business review, 72(2), 119-31.
Davenport, T. H., & Short, J. E. (1990). The new industrial engineering: Information technology and business process redesign. Sloan Management Review, summer, 11-27.
De Bono, E. (1996). Edward de Bono`s Textbook of Wisdom. London, UK: Penguin Viking.
Dess, G. G., & Beard, D. W. (1984). Dimensions of organizational task environments. Administrative science quarterly, 52-73.
Dimitratos, P., Voudouris, I., Plakoyiannaki, E., & Nakos, G. (2012). International entrepreneurial culture — Toward a comprehensive opportunity-based operationalization of international entrepreneurship. International Business Review, 21(4), 708-721.
Don, G. (1996). Understanding the Net’s business model. New York, NY: McGraw-Hill.
Eisenhardt, K. M., & Martin, J. A. (2000). Dynamic capabilities: What are they? Strategic management journal, 21(11), 1105-1121.
Feeny, D. F., & Willcocks, L. P. (1998). Core IS capabilities for exploiting information technology. Sloan management review, 39(3), 9.
Fornell, C., & Larcker, D. F. (1981). Evaluating structural equation models with unobservable variables and measurement error. Journal of marketing research, 39-50.
Foss, N. J. (Ed.). (1997). Resources, firms, and strategies: a reader in the resource-based perspective. New York, NY: Oxford University Press.
Frezza, B. (1998). It’s time to examine your company’s e-business model. Internetweek, 720, 42.
Galunic, D. C., & Eisenhardt, K. M. (2001). Architectural innovation and modular corporate forms. Academy of Management journal, 44(6), 1229-1249.
Ghodsypour, S. H., & O`Brien, C. (1998). A decision support system for supplier selection using an integrated analytic hierarchy process and linear programming. International journal of production economics, 56, 199-212.
Grant, R. M. (1991). Porter`s ‘competitive advantage of nations’: An assessment. Strategic management journal, 12(7), 535-548.
Grant, R. M. (1996). Prospering in dynamically-competitive environments: Organizational capability as knowledge integration. Organization science, 7(4), 375-387.
Grover, V., & Goslar, M. D. (1993). The initiation, adoption, and implementation of telecommunications technologies in US organizations. Journal of Management Information Systems, 10(1), 141-164.
Gruber, F. E. (2013). Industry 4.0: A best practice project of the automotive industry. Digital Product and Process Development Systems. Berlin, DE: Springer.
Haag, S., Cummings, M., & McCubbrey, D. J. (2004). Management information systems for the information age. Boston, MA: McGraw-Hill.
Hair, J. F., Black, W. C., Babin, B. J., Anderson, R. E., & Tatham, R. L. (2006). Multivariate data analysis (Vol. 6). Upper Saddle River, NJ: Pearson Prentice Hall.
Hamel, G. (2000). Leading the revolution. Boston, MA: Harvard Business School Press.
Hammer, M., Champy, J., & Le Seac`h, M. (1993). Le reengineering (Vol. 26). Paris, FR: Dunod.
Hartman, A. (1981). Reaching consensus using the Delphi technique. Educational Leadership, 38(6), 495-497.
Hedman, J., & Kalling, T. (2003). The business model concept: Theoretical underpinnings and empirical illustrations. European journal of information systems, 12(1), 49-59.
Helfat, C. E. (1997). Know-how and asset complementarity and dynamic capability accumulation: The case of R&D. Strategic management journal, 339-360.
Helfat, C. E., & Peteraf, M. A. (2003). The dynamic resource‐based view: Capability lifecycles. Strategic management journal, 24(10), 997-1010.
Hsiao, S. W. (1998). Fuzzy logic based decision model for product design. International Journal of Industrial Ergonomics, 21(2), 103-116.
Iansiti, M., & Clark, K. B. (1994). Integration and dynamic capability: Evidence from product development in automobiles and mainframe computers. Industrial and corporate change, 3(3), 557-605.
Jansen, J. J., Vera, D., & Crossan, M. (2009). Strategic leadership for exploration and exploitation: The moderating role of environmental dynamism. The Leadership Quarterly, 20(1), 5-18.
Jaworski, B. J., & Kohli, A. K. (1993). Market orientation: antecedents and consequences. The Journal of marketing, 53-70.
Kim, G., Shin, B., Kim, K. K., & Lee, H. G. (2011). IT capabilities, process-oriented dynamic capabilities, and firm financial performance. Journal of the Association for Information Systems, 12(7), 487.
Lasi, H., Fettke, P., Kemper, H. G., Feld, T., & Hoffmann, M. (2014). Industry 4.0. Business & Information Systems Engineering, 6(4), 239-242.
Laudon, K. C., & Laudon, J. P. (2011). Essentials of management information systems. Upper Saddle River, NJ: Pearson.
Lawson, B., & Samson, D. (2001). Developing innovation capability in organisations: A dynamic capabilities approach. International journal of innovation management, 5(03), 377-400.
Lee, J. (2015). Industrial big data. Beijing, China: Mechanical Industry Press.
Leonard‐Barton, D. (1992). Core capabilities and core rigidities: A paradox in managing new product development. Strategic management journal, 13(S1), 111-125.
Lin, T. C., Chang, H. J., & Huang, C. C. (2011). An analysis of telemedicine in Taiwan: A business model perspective. International Journal of Gerontology, 5(4), 189-192.
Lin, X. Y., Zhang, Q. P., & Luo, H. Y. (2008, September). Partners selection for strategic technological innovation alliance from the knowledge perspective. In Management Science and Engineering, 2008. ICMSE 2008. 15th Annual Conference Proceedings, International Conference on (pp. 1416-1421). IEEE.
Linstone, H.A., & Turoff, M. (1979). The delphi method: Techniques and applications, 3rd Edition. Boston, MA: Addison-Wesley.
Liu, Y., Ying, Y., & Fagerlin, W. P. (2004). Knowledge creation and application in technology collaboration portfolio: Two cases in China. Chinese Management Studies, 9(4), 571-588.
McCarthy, J. (1989). Artificial intelligence, logic and formalizing common sense. In Philosophical logic and artificial intelligence. (pp. 161-190). Berlin, DE: Springer.
McFarlan, F. W., & Ashenhurst, R. L. (1984). The information systems research challenge: Proceedings. Boston, MA: Harvard Business School Press.
McGee, J. V., Prusak, L., & Pyburn, P. J. (1993). Managing information strategically: Increase your company`s competitiveness and efficiency by using information as a strategic tool (Vol. 1). San Francisco, CA; John Wiley & Sons.
Mendelson, H., & Pillai, R. R. (1998). Clockspeed and informational response: Evidence from the information technology industry. Information Systems Research, 9(4), 415-433.
Mitchell, D., & Coles, C. (2003). The ultimate competitive advantage of continuing business model innovation. Journal of Business Strategy, 24(5), 15-21.
Moore, J. F. (2006). Business ecosystems and the view from the firm. The antitrust bulletin, 51(1), 31-75.
Morris, M., Schindehutte, M., & Allen, J. (2005). The entrepreneur`s business model: Toward a unified perspective. Journal of business research, 58(6), 726-735.
Nelson, R. R., & Winter, S. G. (1982). The Schumpeterian tradeoff revisited. The American Economic Review, 72(1), 114-132.
Nunnally, J. C., & Bernstein, I. (1994). Psychological theory. New York, NY: McGraw-Hill.
Osterwalder, A., & Pigneur, Y. (2009). Business model generation: A handbook for visionaries, game changers, and challengers. Amsterdam, Netherlands: Modderman Drukwerk.
Osterwalder, A., Pigneur, Y., & Tucci, C. L. (2005). Clarifying business models: Origins, present, and future of the concept. Communications of AIS, 15(5), 751-775.
Parsons, G. L. (1983). Information technology: A new competitive weapon. Sloan Management Review, 25(1), 3.
Partovi, F. Y. (2006). An analytic model for locating facilities strategically. Omega, 34(1), 41-55.
Pavlou, P. A., & El Sawy, O. A. (2006). From IT leveraging competence to competitive advantage in turbulent environments: The case of new product development. Information Systems Research, 17(3), 198-227.
Pavlou, P. A., & El Sawy, O. A. (2011). Understanding the elusive black box of dynamic capabilities. Decision Sciences, 42(1), 239-273.
Pavlou, P. A., & Gefen, D. (2004). Building effective online marketplaces with institution-based trust. Information systems research, 15(1), 37-59.
Pavlou, P. A., Housel, T., Rodgers, W., & Jansen, E. (2005). Measuring the return on information technology: A knowledge-based approach for revenue allocation at the process and firm level. JAIS, 7(4), 199-226.
Peppard, J. (2000). Customer relationship management (CRM) in financial services. European Management Journal, 18(3), 312-327.
Peteraf, M. A. (1993). The cornerstones of competitive advantage: A resource‐based view. Strategic management journal, 14(3), 179-191.
Porter, M. E. (1997). Competitive strategy. Measuring Business Excellence, 1(2), 12-17.
Porter, M. E. (1998). Clusters and the new economics of competition (Vol. 76, No. 6, pp. 77-90). Boston, MA: Harvard Business Review.
Porter, M. E., & Millar, V. E. (1985). How information gives you competitive advantage. Harvard Business Review, 63(4), 149-160.
Prahalad, C. K., & Hamel, G. (1994). Strategy as a field of study: Why search for a new paradigm?. Strategic management journal, 15(S2), 5-16.
Prahalad, C. K., & Hamel, G. (2006). The core competence of the corporation. Strategische unternehmungsplanung—strategische unternehmungsführung (pp. 275-292). Berlin, DE: Springer.
Prusak, L. (2001). Where did knowledge management come from?. IBM systems journal, 40(4), 1002-1007.
Ravichandran, T., & Lertwongsatien, C. (2005). Effect of information systems resources and capabilities on firm performance: A resource-based perspective. Journal of management information systems, 21(4), 237-276.
Rayport, J. F., & Sviokla, J. J. (1995). Exploiting the virtual value chain. Harvard business review, 73(6), 75.
Rindova, V. P., & Kotha, S. (2001). Continuous “morphing”: Competing through dynamic capabilities, form, and function. Academy of Management Journal, 44(6), 1263-1280.
Ringle, C. M., Wende, S., & Will, A. (2005). SmartPLS- Version 2.0. Hamburg, German: Hamburg University.
Roberts, B., & Mackay, M. (1998). IT supporting supplier relationships: The role of electronic commerce. European Journal of Purchasing & Supply Management, 4(2-3), 175-184.
Rockart, J. F., & Short, J. E. (1989). IT in the 1990s: Managing organizational interdependence. MIT Sloan Management Review, 30(2), 7.
Ross, J. W., Beath, C. M., & Goodhue, D. L. (1996). Develop long-term competitiveness through IT assets. Sloan management review, 38(1), 31.
Saaty, T. L., & Takizawa, M. (1986). Dependence and independence: From linear hierarchies to nonlinear networks. European journal of operational research, 26(2), 229-237.
Sailer, J. (2014). M2M–Internet of Things–Web of Things–Industry 4.0. e & i Elektrotechnik und Informationstechnik, 131(1), 3-4.
Sambamurthy, V., & Zmud, R. W. (2000). Research commentary: The organizing logic for an enterprise`s IT activities in the digital era — A prognosis of practice and a call for research. Information systems research, 11(2), 105-114.
Sambamurthy, V., Bharadwaj, A., & Grover, V. (2003). Shaping agility through digital options: Reconceptualizing the role of information technology in contemporary firms. MIS quarterly, 237-263.
Santhanam, R., & Hartono, E. (2003). Issues in linking information technology capability to firm performance. MIS quarterly, 125-153.
Schlechtendahl, J., Keinert, M., Kretschmer, F., Lechler, A., & Verl, A. (2015). Making existing production systems Industry 4.0-ready. Production Engineering, 9(1), 143-148.
Selznick, P. (1957). Leadership and Administration. New York, NY: Haprer & Row.
Selznick, P. (2011). Leadership in administration: A sociological interpretation. New Orleans, LA: Quid Pro Books.
Sher, P. J., & Lee, V. C. (2004). Information technology as a facilitator for enhancing dynamic capabilities through knowledge management. Information & management, 41(8), 933-945.
Siggelkow, N. (2002). Evolution toward fit. Administrative Science Quarterly, 47(1), 125-159.
Skyrme, D. J. (2000). Developing a knowledge strategy: from management to leadership. Knowledge management: Classic and contemporary works, 61-83.
Sobel, M.E. (1982). Asymptotic confidence intervals for indirect effects in structural equation models. Sociological Methodology, 13, 290-312.
Stabell, C. B., & Fjeldstad, Ø. D. (1998). Configuring value for competitive advantage: On chains, shops, and networks. Strategic management journal, 413-437.
Stalk, G., Evans, P., & Shulman, L. E. (1992). Competing on capabilities: The new rules of corporate strategy. Harvard business review, 70(2), 57-69.
Tarafdar, M., & Vaidya, S. D. (2004). Challenges in the adoption of information technology at sunrise industries: The case of an Indian firm. Journal of Cases on Information Technology, 6(1), 457-479.
Teece, D. J., Pisano, G., & Shuen, A. (1997). Dynamic capabilities and strategic management. Strategic management journal, 509-533.
Teece, D., & Pisano, G. (1994). The dynamic capabilities of firms: An introduction. Industrial and corporate change, 3(3), 537-556.
Terry Anthony Byrd, D. E. T. (2000). Measuring the flexibility of information technology infrastructure: Exploratory analysis of a construct. Journal of Management Information Systems, 17(1), 167-208.
Timmers, P. (1998). Business models for electronic markets. Journal on Electronic Markets, 8(2), 3-8.
Tippins, M. J., & Sohi, R. S. (2003). IT competency and firm performance: Is organizational learning a missing link?. Strategic management journal, 24(8), 745-761.
Tyre, M. J., & Orlikowski, W. J. (1993). Exploiting opportunities for technological improvement in organizations. Sloan Management Review, 35(1), 13.
Van Der Heijden, H. (2001). Measuring IT core capabilities for electronic commerce. Journal of Information Technology, 16(1), 13-22.
Venkatraman, N. (1994). IT-enabled business transformation: from automation to business scope redefinition. Sloan management review, 35(2), 73.
Venkatraman, N., & Henderson, J. C. (2008). Four vectors of business model innovation: Value capture in a network era. From strategy to execution, 259-280.
Wallace, W. L. (1971). The Logic of Science in Sociology [sound Recording]. London, UK: Transaction Publishers.
Wang, C. L., & Ahmed, P. K. (2007). Dynamic capabilities: A review and research agenda. International journal of management reviews, 9(1), 31-51.
Warner, T. N. (1987). Information technology as a competitive burden. Sloan Management Review, 29(1), 55.
Wernerfelt, B. (1984). A resource‐based view of the firm. Strategic management journal, 5(2), 171-180.
Wheeler, B. C. (2002). NEBIC: A dynamic capabilities theory for assessing net-enablement. Information Systems Research, 13(2), 125-146.
Wheelwright, S. C., & Clark, K. B. (1992). Revolutionizing product development: Quantum leaps in speed, efficiency, and quality. Avon, MA: Simon and Schuster.
Winter, S. G. (2003). Understanding dynamic capabilities. Strategic management journal, 24(10), 991-995.
Winterscheid, J. F. (1996). Foreign Competition and US Merger Analysis. Antitrust Law Journal, 65(1), 241-252.
Wirtz, B. W., Pistoia, A., Ullrich, S., & Göttel, V. (2016). Business models: Origin, development and future research perspectives. Long Range Planning, 49(1), 36-54.
Wiseman, C. (1985). Strategy and computers. New York, NY: Dow Jones-Irwin.
Wu, L. Y. (2006). Resources, dynamic capabilities and performance in a dynamic environment: Perceptions in Taiwanese IT enterprises. Information & Management, 43(4), 447-454.
Wu, L. Y. (2010). Applicability of the resource-based and dynamic-capability views under environmental volatility. Journal of Business Research, 63(1), 27-31.
Yoon, K., & Hwang, C. L. (1985). Manufacturing plant location analysis by multiple attribute decision making: Part I-Single-Plant strategy. International Journal of Production Research, 23(2), 345-359.
Zahra, S. A., & George, G. (2002). The net-enabled business innovation cycle and the evolution of dynamic capabilities. Information Systems Research, 13(2), 147-150.
Zollo, M., & Winter, S. G. (2002). Deliberate learning and the evolution of dynamic capabilities. Organization science, 13(3), 339-351.
Zott, C., & Amit, R. (2008). The fit between product market strategy and business model: Implications for firm performance. Strategic management journal, 29(1), 1-26.
Zott, C., Amit, R., & Massa, L. (2011). The business model: Recent developments and future research. Journal of management, 37(4), 1019-1042.

二、中文部分
工業4.0工作組 (2013)。把握德國製造業的未來，實施工業4.0攻略的建議。波昂：德國聯邦教育及研究部。
方衛紅 (2012)。IT能力理論文獻綜述。經營與管理，11，136-139。
王森信、楊文華、徐茂練 (2008)。企業資源及動態能力對於產品創新績效的影響─以台灣中部地區中小企業為例。發表於林文燦(主持)，管理類論文發表。產業管理創新研討會，台中市，台灣。
王磊 (2015)。企業資訊化領導力形成機理及對競爭優勢的影響研究(博士論文)。吉林大學，長春。
王璐 (2013)。基於大資料的商業模式創新案例研究(博士論文)。北京郵電大學，北京。
余楓 (2008)。以動態能力為仲介的資訊技術驅動的企業戰略轉型研究—以券商經紀業務為例(博士論文)。同濟大學，上海。
宋文娟 (2001)。一種質量並重的研究法：德菲法在醫務管理學研究領域之應用。醫務管理期刊，2(2)，11-19。
李正衛 (2003)。動態環境條件下的組織學習與企業績效(博士論文)。浙江大學，浙江。
李傑著、邱伯華(譯) (2015)。工業大數據：工業4.0時代的工業轉型與價值創造。北京：機械工業出版社。
李隨成、楊功慶 (2008)。IT 能力及資訊共用對企業間研發合作的影響研究。科研管理，29(4)，55-63。
沈永言 (2011)。商業模式理論與創新研究(博士論文)。北京郵電大學，北京。
邱皓政 (2006)。量化研究與統計分析。台北：五南圖書出版股份有限公司。
金勇進、梁燕 (2008)。顧客滿意度模型估計的PLS和LISER：北京市居民滿意度評估系統研究階段成果。中國人民大學，北京。
胡豔曦、曾楚宏 (2008)。論商業模式創新中的組織合法性。學術研究，9，55-58。
翁君奕 (2004)。商業模式創新。北京：經濟管理出版社。
荊浩、賈建鋒 (2011)。中小企業動態商業模式創新—基於創業板立思辰的案例研究。科學學與科學技術管理，32(1)，67-70。
高闖、關鑫 (2006)。企業商業模式創新的實現方式與演進機理—一種基於價值鏈創新的理論解釋。中國工業經濟，11，83-90。
張忠謀 (2008)。九個條件打造世界級企業。臺北：遠見雜誌。
張保隆、周瑛琪、翁振益 (2007)。決策分析:方法與應用。臺北：華泰文化。
張嵩、李文立、黃麗華 (2004)。電子商務環境下企業IT 基礎設施能力的構成研究。電腦集成製造系統，11，1459-1465。
張鶴達 (2008)。基於資源觀的IT能力對企業績效的影響機制研究(博士論文)。吉林大學，長春。
曹紅軍、趙劍波 (2008)。動態能力如何影響企業績效—基於中國企業的實證研究。南開管理評論，6，54-65。
陳文基、忻展紅、申志偉 (2011)。基於經典紮根理論的商業模式研究。北京郵電大學學報社會科學版，3，81-88。
陳明哲 (2016)。學術創業：動態競爭理論從無到有的歷程。中大管理研究，(3)，1-16。
陳建斌、方德英、汪惠 (2010)。企業IT 能力系統動態演變的分析模型研究。管理評論，3，63-68。
陳建斌、黃愛華、方德英 (2007)。多元化企業 IT 協同能力構成及其形成機理研究。外國經濟與管理，29(10)，26-31。
陳建斌、鄭麗、張淩雲 (2014)。智慧景區IT 能力模型及其核心構成研究。旅遊科學，28(1)，14-21。
曾萍、宋鐵波 (2014)。基於內外因素整合視角的商業模式創新驅動力研究。管理學報，11(7)，989-996。
曾萍、李明璿、劉洋 (2016)。政府支援、企業動態能力與商業模式創新：傳導機制與情境調節。研究與發展管理，28(4)，31-38。
曾萍、鄧騰智、宋鐵波 (2013)。社會資本、動態能力與企業創新關係的實證研究。科研管理，4，50-59。
曾楚宏、朱仁宏、李孔嶽 (2008)。基於價值鏈理論的商業模式分類及其演化規律。財經科學，6，102-110。
馮正民、江俊良（1988）。計畫評估方法之評述。規劃學報，15，67-86。
黃培、陳俊芳 (2003)。贏利定律：商業模式的理論、方法與實踐。北京：中國標準出版社。
劉文良 (2012)。管理資訊系統 (第二版)。台北：碁峰資訊。
劉剛、劉靜 (2013)。動態能力對企業績效影響的實證研究—基於環境動態性的視角。經濟理論與經濟管理，3，83-94。
劉雪鋒 (2007)。網路嵌入性與差異化戰略及企業績效關係研究(博士論文)。浙江大學，浙江。
蔡子龍、束洪春 (2013)。智慧電網IT 能力成熟度模型及其模糊綜合評價研究。昆明理工大學學報自然科學版，38(6)，68-73。
鄧振源、曾國雄 (1989)。層級分析法(AHP)的內涵特性與應用（上）。中國統計學報，27(6)，5-22。
蕭文龍 (2013)。統計分析入門與應用：SPSS中文版與PLS-SEM(SmartPLS)（初版）。 台灣：碁峰資訊。
簡禎富 (2014)。決策分析與管理：紫式決策分析以全面提升決策品質（第二版）。台北：雙葉書廊。
簡禎富、林國義、許鉅秉、吳政鴻 (2016)。台灣生產與作業管理之相關期刊文獻回顧與前瞻：從工業3.0到工業3.5。管理學報，33(1)，87-103。
羅瑉、曾濤、周思偉 (2005)。企業商業模式創新：基於租金理論的解釋。中國工業經濟，7，73-81。
龐長偉、李垣、段光 (2015)。整合能力與企業績效:商業模式創新的仲介作用。管理科學，28(5)，31-41。

三、網頁部分
IBM (2006)。最佳化 IT 來達成業務目標。取自http://www.935.ibm.com/services/tw/cio/pdf/optit_wp_gts_itoptimization_tc.pdf
Stragegy& (2015)。【思略特觀點】德國、美國、中國：三個“工業4.0”有何不同。取自http://blog.sina.com.cn/s/blog_62eca3670102wbr4.html
工業4.0俱樂部 (2015)。專訪李傑教授：工業大數據與工業4.0時代的價值創造。取自https://read01.com/3zGnMy.html
夷萍 (2015)。工業4.0你的公司成熟度幾何？ 取自http://bmr.cb.com.cn/zhuanlan2/2015_0911/1148778.html
科技產業資訊室 (2015)。探討工業4.0方程式：6C+6M。取自http://iknow.stpi.narl.org.tw/Post/Read.aspx?PostID=10861
張博欽(2017)。紅色供應鏈對台灣產業之影響評估。取自http://www.twse.com.tw/ch/products/publication/download/0003000156.pdf
清科研究中心 (2016)。《2016工業4.0海外投資報告》發布：上半年我國以60億歐元佈局德國。取自http://gongkong.ofweek.com/2016-08/ART-310000-12000-30026307.html
經理人 (2016)。一顆「荷包蛋」，教你想清楚產品創新這回事。取自 https://www.managertoday.com.tw/books/view/52881
經濟部統計處 (2017)。105年第四季製造業產值統計。取自http://www.moea.gov.tw/Mns/dos/bulletin/Bulletin.aspx?kind=7&html=1&menu_id=6726&bull_id=2852
鼎新電腦 (2015)。工業4.0互聯網加速產業變革，邁向智能智造。取自http://mag.digiwin.com/%E5%B7%A5%E6%A5%AD4-0-%E4%BA%92%E8%81%AF%E7%B6%B2-%E5%8A%A0%E9%80%9F%E7%94%A2%E6%A5%AD%E8%AE%8A%E9%9D%A9-%E9%82%81%E5%90%91-%E6%99%BA%E8%83%BD%E6%99%BA%E9%80%A0/
閱讀最前線 (2016)。用《工業大數據》，發現台灣製造業的蛋白商機。取自https://news.readmoo.com/2016/08/01/big-data-brings-industry-4-0/
羅蘭貝格戰略諮詢公司 (2015)。工業 4.0：歐洲將如何取得新工業革命的勝利。取自http://www.gisti-thinkbank.ac.cn/admin/upload/20150327-%E7%BD%97%E5%85%B0%E8%B4%9D%E6%A0%BC%E6%88%98%E7%95%A5%E5%92%A8%E8%AF%A2%E5%85%AC%E5%8F%B8%E5%8F%91%E5%B8%83.pdf		zh_TW
dc.identifier.doi (DOI) 10.6814/DIS.NCCU.BA.004.2018.F08-