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題名 台灣印尼學生跨文化適應與傳播圖像
The Photography on Cross-Culture Adaptation and Communication of Indonesian Students in Taiwan作者 梁芯櫻
Leonardi, Indri貢獻者 黃葳威
Huang, Wei-Wei
梁芯櫻
Indri Leonardi關鍵詞 跨文化交流
適應
攝影
印尼學生
Cross-cultural communication
Adaptation
Photography
Indonesian-students日期 2018 上傳時間 29-Aug-2018 16:05:36 (UTC+8) 摘要 跨文化上交流和適應不同國家的風土民情對外籍留學生的生活來說是密不可分的，其中外籍學生包括離開原屬國前往台灣留學的印尼學生。過去有些研究已使用攝影技術來捕捉社會現象例如穆斯林的生活。然而，目前只有少數研究是透過攝影來探討跨文化交流和適應的議題，尤其是印尼學生在台灣求學的部分。由於近年來印尼學生迅速增長，且未來將有更多的印尼學子來台求學，這也是為什麼印尼學生這樣的求學經歷對未來台灣與印尼之間教育合作有極為重大的幫助。因此，作為一名印尼留學生，這是一個很好的機會，透過攝影來觀察與紀錄印尼在台留學生在海外求學時所經歷的跨文化交流與適應。本文嘗試透過攝影來觀察與紀錄印尼學生在台跨文化交流的經歷與適應不同國情的生活。首先，本文採訪了前來台灣留學的印尼學生，拍攝他們如何適應環境與如何展開跨文化交流生活的照片。接下來，選擇幾張相片，用以反映印尼學生在台灣的跨文化交流和適應環境的過程。最後，將這些所選的照片，以展覽的形式展出，展期為一週，並收集訪客的意見回饋與觀點以供進一步的分析。研究結果顯示，在台印尼留學生，如何在日常生活中跨文化學習與適應不同環境，接受不一樣的社會與語言，其中也紀錄了他們學習的歷程以及如何奮鬥並開花結果得其所想達到的成就。這第一筆關於印尼在台留學生的跨文化交流和適應過程的記錄。此研究將有助於未來想來台留學的印尼學生去面對他們來台留學時，將在真實情況和環境中面臨到的問題。 這些發現也有助於計劃來台留學的印尼學生在語言上和社會適應方面做出更好的準備。關鍵詞：跨文化交流，適應，攝影，印尼學生
Cross-cultural communication and adaptation have been inseparable from life of expatriates, including Indonesian students who left their home country to study in Taiwan. Past studies have used photography techniques to capture social phenomena, such as the life of Muslims. However, only a few studies discussed the cross-cultural communication and adaptation through photography, especially discussing about Indonesian student life in Taiwan. Regarding the Indonesian students’ number growing rapidly these past few years and will be more and more Indonesian students who wanted to come to Taiwan, that’s the main reason why the experiences of Indonesian students will be important for future education collaboration between Taiwan and Indonesia. Therefore, as an Indonesian student, it is a good prospect to observe the process by choosing photography to prove the relation between cross-cultural communication and adaptation from the overseas Indonesian students studying in Taiwan. This thesis attempts to present the cross-cultural communication and adaptation of Indonesian students’ life in Taiwan through photography. First, in this thesis I interviewed the Indonesian students who came to study in Taiwan and took the photographs exhibiting their process of adaptation and cross-cultural communication. The next step was choosing several photos that could capture and represent the process of cross-cultural communication and adaptation of Indonesian students in Taiwan. Lastly, the chosen photos were exhibited for a week in an exhibition. The feedbacks and the points of view from the visitors were collected for further analysis. The results suggest that it has found out the process of cross cultural adaptation in daily life, accepting the society, the language also including the process of struggle and achievement. It was happening among the Indonesian students who are studying in Taiwan. This is the first study which has been recorded the cross-cultural communication and adaptation process of Indonesian students. This project contributes to assist the Indonesian students who want to come to Taiwan, and what exactly they will face in the real circumstances and environment. Practically, the findings also contribute in helping Indonesian students who plan to come to Taiwan to have better preparation in language and social adaptation.Keywords: cross-cultural communication, adaptation, photography, Indonesian-students參考文獻 Adler,N. (1981). Reentry: managing cross-cultural transition. Group & organization studies,6, 341-356Adler,P. (1987). Culture shock and the cross cultural learning experience. In L. F. Luce& E.C. Smith (Eds.), Intercultural communication: A reader (3rd ed., pp.389-408). Belmont, CA: Wadsworth.Atwater, Eastwood. (1983). Psychology of Adjustment: Personal growth in a changing world (2nd ed.). New Jersey: Prentice-Hall Inc.Barthes, R. (1981). Camera lucida. New York: Hill & Wang.Begley, P. A. (1999). Sojourner adaptation. In L. A. Samovar &R. E. Porter (Eds.), Intercultural Communication: A reader (pp.400-405). Belmont, CA: Wadsworth Publishing Company.Chase, S. (2005). Narrative inquiry: Multiple lenses, approaches, voices. In N. K. Denzin & Y. S. Lincoln (Eds.), The Sage handbook of qualitative research (3rd ed., pp. 651-679). Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.Collier, J., Jr., & Collier, M. (1986). Visual anthropology: Photography as a research method. Albuquerque: University of New Mexico Press.Dee, J. R. &Hen, A.B. (1999) Challenges to adjustment to college life in the United States: Experiences of Korean students. International Education, 29(1), 54-70.Foreign Workers in Productive Industries and Social Welfare by Various Type and Sex, Retrieved fromhttp://statdb.mol.gov.tw/html/mon/c12050.htmFurnham, A.& Bocher, S. (1986). Culture shock. London, England: Methuen.Hall, S. (1984). The narrative construction of reality. Southern Review, 17(2), 3-17.Hall, S. (Ed.). (1997). Representation: Cultural representations and signifying practices.Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.Hammer, M.R., Gudykunst, W.B. & Wiseman, R. (1978). Dimensions of intercultural effectiveness: An exploratory study. International Journal of Intercultural Relations, 2, 383-393.Harper, D. (2002). Talking about pictures: A case for photo elicitation. Visual Studies, 17, 13-26.Hofstede, G. (1986). Cultural difference in teaching and learning. International Journal of Intercultural Relations. 10, 301-320.Kettele, D. (2010). The Ground They Walk On: Photography and Narrative Inquiry. The Qualitative Report Volume 15 Number 3, 547-568Kim, Y.Y. (2001). Becoming intercultural: An integrative theory of communicationand cross-cultural adaptation. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.Lonner, W. (1986). Foreword. In A. Fumham & S. Bochner (Eds.) Culture shock:Psychological reactions to unfamiliar environment. (xv-xx). New York: Methuen.Mathison, S. (2009). Seeing Is Believing: The Credibility of Image Based Research and Evaluation. In What Counts as Credible Evidence in Applied Research and Evaluation Practice? California: Sage, publisher.Matsumoto, D, LeRoux, J. Ratzlaff, C. Tatani, H, Uchida, H & Kim, C et al. (2001). Development and validation of a measure of intercultural adjustment potential in Japanese sojourners: the intercultural adjustment potential scale (ICAPS)International Journal of Intercultural Relations. 25(5) 483-509.New Southbound Policy: an Introduction (2017.02.28) - New Southbound Policy Portal Retrieved from https://nspp.mofa.gov.tw/nsppe/news.php?post=112894&unit=376Oberg, K. (1960). Culture shock: Adjustment in new cultural environments. Practical Anthropology, 7, 170-179.Overseas Community Affairs Council Republic of China (OCAC) Retrieved fromhttp://www.ocac.gov.tw/OCAC/Pang, H. (n.d.). The Cross Cultural adaptation of Chinese Students in the U.S.Panke, T. (2016). PHOTOGRAPHY VISUAL COMMUNICATION: DIRECT AND INDIRECT IMPACT ON HUMAN COMMUNITIES, VOL. 3, 4132-4137. Retrieved from http://oaji.net/articles/2016/1201-1482658547.pdfRhinesmith, S. (1985). Bring home the worm. New York: Walsh & Co.Rhode, B. R. & McCall, H. F. (1971). Introduction to Photograph. New York: The Macmillan Company.Samovar, Larry A, Richard E. Porter dan Edwin R. McDaniel. (2006). Intercultural Communication: A Reader. Thomson Wadsworth.Sontag, S. (1980). On photography. New York: Picador.Spitzberg, B. H. (1999). A model of intercultural communication competence. In L. A. Samovar &R. E. Porter (Eds.), Intercultural Communication: A reader (pp.375-400). Belmont, CA: Wadsworth Publishing Company.Taft, R. (1977). Coping with unfamiliar cultures. In N. Warren (Ed.), Studies in cross-cultural psychology (pp.125-153). London, England: Academic Press.Taiwan News, K. E. (2018, April 27). Number of SE Asian students in Taiwan surpass Chinese Taiwan News. Retrieved from https://www.taiwannews.com.tw/en/news/3416324Tegano, M. J. (2005). Moving toward Visual Literacy:. Photography as a Language of Teacher Inquiry.Washington, D.C.: Central Intelligence Agency, 2002 Retrieved fromhttps://www.loc.gov/resource/g8070.ct001777/Welcome to NATIONAL IMMIGRATION AGENCY ─ 107.2Foreign Residents by Nationality. (2018). Retrieved from https://www.immigration.gov.tw/ct.asp?xItem=1346322&ctNode=29986&mp=2Whiting, John R. (1946/1979). Photography is a language. New York: Arno Press.Winkelman, M. (1994). Cultural shock and adaptation. Journal of Counseling & Development, 73 (2), 121-128.Witten, I. B. & Knudson, E. I. (2005). Why seeing is believing: Merging auditory and visual worlds. Neuron, 48(3), 489-496 描述 碩士
國立政治大學
傳播學院傳播碩士學位學程
1034640551資料來源 http://thesis.lib.nccu.edu.tw/record/#G1034640551 資料類型 thesis dc.contributor.advisor 黃葳威 zh_TW dc.contributor.advisor Huang, Wei-Wei en_US dc.contributor.author (Authors) 梁芯櫻 zh_TW dc.contributor.author (Authors) Indri Leonardi en_US dc.creator (作者) 梁芯櫻 zh_TW dc.creator (作者) Leonardi, Indri en_US dc.date (日期) 2018 en_US dc.date.accessioned 29-Aug-2018 16:05:36 (UTC+8) - dc.date.available 29-Aug-2018 16:05:36 (UTC+8) - dc.date.issued (上傳時間) 29-Aug-2018 16:05:36 (UTC+8) - dc.identifier (Other Identifiers) G1034640551 en_US dc.identifier.uri (URI) http://nccur.lib.nccu.edu.tw/handle/140.119/119807 - dc.description (描述) 碩士 zh_TW dc.description (描述) 國立政治大學 zh_TW dc.description (描述) 傳播學院傳播碩士學位學程 zh_TW dc.description (描述) 1034640551 zh_TW dc.description.abstract (摘要) 跨文化上交流和適應不同國家的風土民情對外籍留學生的生活來說是密不可分的，其中外籍學生包括離開原屬國前往台灣留學的印尼學生。過去有些研究已使用攝影技術來捕捉社會現象例如穆斯林的生活。然而，目前只有少數研究是透過攝影來探討跨文化交流和適應的議題，尤其是印尼學生在台灣求學的部分。由於近年來印尼學生迅速增長，且未來將有更多的印尼學子來台求學，這也是為什麼印尼學生這樣的求學經歷對未來台灣與印尼之間教育合作有極為重大的幫助。因此，作為一名印尼留學生，這是一個很好的機會，透過攝影來觀察與紀錄印尼在台留學生在海外求學時所經歷的跨文化交流與適應。本文嘗試透過攝影來觀察與紀錄印尼學生在台跨文化交流的經歷與適應不同國情的生活。首先，本文採訪了前來台灣留學的印尼學生，拍攝他們如何適應環境與如何展開跨文化交流生活的照片。接下來，選擇幾張相片，用以反映印尼學生在台灣的跨文化交流和適應環境的過程。最後，將這些所選的照片，以展覽的形式展出，展期為一週，並收集訪客的意見回饋與觀點以供進一步的分析。研究結果顯示，在台印尼留學生，如何在日常生活中跨文化學習與適應不同環境，接受不一樣的社會與語言，其中也紀錄了他們學習的歷程以及如何奮鬥並開花結果得其所想達到的成就。這第一筆關於印尼在台留學生的跨文化交流和適應過程的記錄。此研究將有助於未來想來台留學的印尼學生去面對他們來台留學時，將在真實情況和環境中面臨到的問題。 這些發現也有助於計劃來台留學的印尼學生在語言上和社會適應方面做出更好的準備。關鍵詞：跨文化交流，適應，攝影，印尼學生 zh_TW dc.description.abstract (摘要) Cross-cultural communication and adaptation have been inseparable from life of expatriates, including Indonesian students who left their home country to study in Taiwan. Past studies have used photography techniques to capture social phenomena, such as the life of Muslims. However, only a few studies discussed the cross-cultural communication and adaptation through photography, especially discussing about Indonesian student life in Taiwan. Regarding the Indonesian students’ number growing rapidly these past few years and will be more and more Indonesian students who wanted to come to Taiwan, that’s the main reason why the experiences of Indonesian students will be important for future education collaboration between Taiwan and Indonesia. Therefore, as an Indonesian student, it is a good prospect to observe the process by choosing photography to prove the relation between cross-cultural communication and adaptation from the overseas Indonesian students studying in Taiwan. This thesis attempts to present the cross-cultural communication and adaptation of Indonesian students’ life in Taiwan through photography. First, in this thesis I interviewed the Indonesian students who came to study in Taiwan and took the photographs exhibiting their process of adaptation and cross-cultural communication. The next step was choosing several photos that could capture and represent the process of cross-cultural communication and adaptation of Indonesian students in Taiwan. Lastly, the chosen photos were exhibited for a week in an exhibition. The feedbacks and the points of view from the visitors were collected for further analysis. The results suggest that it has found out the process of cross cultural adaptation in daily life, accepting the society, the language also including the process of struggle and achievement. It was happening among the Indonesian students who are studying in Taiwan. This is the first study which has been recorded the cross-cultural communication and adaptation process of Indonesian students. This project contributes to assist the Indonesian students who want to come to Taiwan, and what exactly they will face in the real circumstances and environment. Practically, the findings also contribute in helping Indonesian students who plan to come to Taiwan to have better preparation in language and social adaptation.Keywords: cross-cultural communication, adaptation, photography, Indonesian-students en_US dc.description.tableofcontents Table of ContentsAbstract ……………………………………………………………… i中文摘要…………………………………………………………………… iiTable of Contents………………………………………… iiiChapter 1. Introduction…………………………… 11.1 Project Background……………………………… 21.2 Project Objectives………………………………………… 51.3 Project Significance ………………………………… 5Chapter 2. Conceptual Approach ………………… 82.1 Indonesia’s Cultural Background……………… 82.1.1 Indonesians in Taiwan……………………………………… 102.1.2 Indonesian Students in Taiwan………………… 112.2Cross-Cultural Adaptation……………………………………… 172.3 Narrative Used in Photography………………………… 212.4 Elements of Visual Communication………………… 232.5 Photography as Visual Communication………… 24Chapter 3 Project Methodology……………………………… 263.1 Creative Form ………………………………………………… 283.2 Creative Planning…………………………………… 29Chapter 4 Results …………………………………… 314.1 Introduction of the Creative Work ………… 314.1.1 Narrative photography……………………………………… 314.2 Exhibition Planning and Explanation…………534.2.1 The Exhibition Process ………………………………… 534.2.2 Promotion of the Exhibition …………………… 544.2.3 Exhibition Tour and Interaction with the audience …………………………………… 554.3 Interaction and Feedback after the Exhibition …………………………… 574.3.1 Audience Feedback ……………………………………………574.3.2 Part of Feedback on Questions ……………58Chapter 5 Conclusion and Discussion ………………61Future Project discussion……………………………………………62Reference …………………………………………………………………… 63Appendix I ……………………………………………………………………66Appendix II …………………………………………………………………79List of Figures and TablesFigure 2.1 Map of Indonesia (Washington, D.C.: Central Intelligence Agency, (2002)……………………… 9Table 2.2 Statistics of Indonesian students in Taiwan school year 2000-2016……………… 12Figure 3.1 Photo and written text (Ketelle, 2000) ……………………………… 29Figure 3.2 Conceptual framework of photograph (Barthes, 1981) …………… 30Table 3.1 Step of Project …………………… 30 zh_TW dc.format.extent 4615524 bytes - dc.format.mimetype application/pdf - dc.source.uri (資料來源) http://thesis.lib.nccu.edu.tw/record/#G1034640551 en_US dc.subject (關鍵詞) 跨文化交流 zh_TW dc.subject (關鍵詞) 適應 zh_TW dc.subject (關鍵詞) 攝影 zh_TW dc.subject (關鍵詞) 印尼學生 zh_TW dc.subject (關鍵詞) Cross-cultural communication en_US dc.subject (關鍵詞) Adaptation en_US dc.subject (關鍵詞) Photography en_US dc.subject (關鍵詞) Indonesian-students en_US dc.title (題名) 台灣印尼學生跨文化適應與傳播圖像 zh_TW dc.title (題名) The Photography on Cross-Culture Adaptation and Communication of Indonesian Students in Taiwan en_US dc.type (資料類型) thesis en_US dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Adler,N. (1981). Reentry: managing cross-cultural transition. Group & organization studies,6, 341-356Adler,P. (1987). Culture shock and the cross cultural learning experience. In L. F. Luce& E.C. Smith (Eds.), Intercultural communication: A reader (3rd ed., pp.389-408). Belmont, CA: Wadsworth.Atwater, Eastwood. (1983). Psychology of Adjustment: Personal growth in a changing world (2nd ed.). New Jersey: Prentice-Hall Inc.Barthes, R. (1981). Camera lucida. New York: Hill & Wang.Begley, P. A. (1999). Sojourner adaptation. In L. A. Samovar &R. E. Porter (Eds.), Intercultural Communication: A reader (pp.400-405). Belmont, CA: Wadsworth Publishing Company.Chase, S. (2005). Narrative inquiry: Multiple lenses, approaches, voices. In N. K. Denzin & Y. S. Lincoln (Eds.), The Sage handbook of qualitative research (3rd ed., pp. 651-679). Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.Collier, J., Jr., & Collier, M. (1986). Visual anthropology: Photography as a research method. Albuquerque: University of New Mexico Press.Dee, J. R. &Hen, A.B. (1999) Challenges to adjustment to college life in the United States: Experiences of Korean students. International Education, 29(1), 54-70.Foreign Workers in Productive Industries and Social Welfare by Various Type and Sex, Retrieved fromhttp://statdb.mol.gov.tw/html/mon/c12050.htmFurnham, A.& Bocher, S. (1986). Culture shock. London, England: Methuen.Hall, S. (1984). The narrative construction of reality. Southern Review, 17(2), 3-17.Hall, S. (Ed.). (1997). Representation: Cultural representations and signifying practices.Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.Hammer, M.R., Gudykunst, W.B. & Wiseman, R. (1978). Dimensions of intercultural effectiveness: An exploratory study. International Journal of Intercultural Relations, 2, 383-393.Harper, D. (2002). Talking about pictures: A case for photo elicitation. Visual Studies, 17, 13-26.Hofstede, G. (1986). Cultural difference in teaching and learning. International Journal of Intercultural Relations. 10, 301-320.Kettele, D. (2010). The Ground They Walk On: Photography and Narrative Inquiry. The Qualitative Report Volume 15 Number 3, 547-568Kim, Y.Y. (2001). Becoming intercultural: An integrative theory of communicationand cross-cultural adaptation. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.Lonner, W. (1986). Foreword. In A. Fumham & S. Bochner (Eds.) Culture shock:Psychological reactions to unfamiliar environment. (xv-xx). New York: Methuen.Mathison, S. (2009). Seeing Is Believing: The Credibility of Image Based Research and Evaluation. In What Counts as Credible Evidence in Applied Research and Evaluation Practice? California: Sage, publisher.Matsumoto, D, LeRoux, J. Ratzlaff, C. Tatani, H, Uchida, H & Kim, C et al. (2001). Development and validation of a measure of intercultural adjustment potential in Japanese sojourners: the intercultural adjustment potential scale (ICAPS)International Journal of Intercultural Relations. 25(5) 483-509.New Southbound Policy: an Introduction (2017.02.28) - New Southbound Policy Portal Retrieved from https://nspp.mofa.gov.tw/nsppe/news.php?post=112894&unit=376Oberg, K. (1960). Culture shock: Adjustment in new cultural environments. Practical Anthropology, 7, 170-179.Overseas Community Affairs Council Republic of China (OCAC) Retrieved fromhttp://www.ocac.gov.tw/OCAC/Pang, H. (n.d.). The Cross Cultural adaptation of Chinese Students in the U.S.Panke, T. (2016). PHOTOGRAPHY VISUAL COMMUNICATION: DIRECT AND INDIRECT IMPACT ON HUMAN COMMUNITIES, VOL. 3, 4132-4137. Retrieved from http://oaji.net/articles/2016/1201-1482658547.pdfRhinesmith, S. (1985). Bring home the worm. New York: Walsh & Co.Rhode, B. R. & McCall, H. F. (1971). Introduction to Photograph. New York: The Macmillan Company.Samovar, Larry A, Richard E. Porter dan Edwin R. McDaniel. (2006). Intercultural Communication: A Reader. Thomson Wadsworth.Sontag, S. (1980). On photography. New York: Picador.Spitzberg, B. H. (1999). A model of intercultural communication competence. In L. A. Samovar &R. E. Porter (Eds.), Intercultural Communication: A reader (pp.375-400). Belmont, CA: Wadsworth Publishing Company.Taft, R. (1977). Coping with unfamiliar cultures. In N. Warren (Ed.), Studies in cross-cultural psychology (pp.125-153). London, England: Academic Press.Taiwan News, K. E. (2018, April 27). Number of SE Asian students in Taiwan surpass Chinese Taiwan News. Retrieved from https://www.taiwannews.com.tw/en/news/3416324Tegano, M. J. (2005). Moving toward Visual Literacy:. Photography as a Language of Teacher Inquiry.Washington, D.C.: Central Intelligence Agency, 2002 Retrieved fromhttps://www.loc.gov/resource/g8070.ct001777/Welcome to NATIONAL IMMIGRATION AGENCY ─ 107.2Foreign Residents by Nationality. (2018). Retrieved from https://www.immigration.gov.tw/ct.asp?xItem=1346322&ctNode=29986&mp=2Whiting, John R. (1946/1979). Photography is a language. New York: Arno Press.Winkelman, M. (1994). Cultural shock and adaptation. Journal of Counseling & Development, 73 (2), 121-128.Witten, I. B. & Knudson, E. I. (2005). Why seeing is believing: Merging auditory and visual worlds. Neuron, 48(3), 489-496 zh_TW dc.identifier.doi (DOI) 10.6814/THE.NCCU.COMM.022.2018.F05 -
