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題名 影響代工供應商與顧客間夥伴關係因素之硏究-以台灣電子資訊產業為例
作者 黃銘章
貢獻者 司徒達賢
于卓民
黃銘章
日期 2002
上傳時間 27-Sep-2018 14:22:54 (UTC+8)
摘要 國際企業為了減低生產成本,將部分生產外包給國外的企業,是常見的策略聯盟方式,台灣許多大型企業,過去都是靠國外客戶之OEM訂單起家,但即便在台灣,雖然委託製造這種垂直聯盟的方式無疑是產業中歷史最久、也最常見的跨國合作模式,學術上以委託製造為主題的研究仍極為少見,甚至有些研究將代工的夥伴關係排除在策略聯盟之外。但本研究認為就合作的實質內容而言,從早期單純評估供應商的交期、品質、成本等因素之外,近年來,國際品牌廠商不斷發展出新的營運模式(例如BTO、CTO),使得台灣供應商所扮演的角色從單純代工走向國際的分工,因應新的營運模式,台灣廠商主動或被動提升自我的能力,我國資訊工業在與國際大廠長期代工合作下,從單純的製造加工,培養出從設計、製造到後勤支援的全球運籌能力,造成國際大廠為求生存及提高其競爭力而積極主動來台尋求合作,台灣資訊硬體產業的蓬勃發展,已經成為國際專業分工生產的重鎮。另外就理論面而言,如果將代工視為純粹的市場交易,則價格機制將決定了代工訂單的歸屬,所以換單、抽單、轉單等情事將會屢見不鮮。然而就實務界的合作情形觀察,此種現象並不是常見的現象,因此必然存在某些的因素讓雙方的關係穩定維持。本研究將援引策略聯盟的相關理論,建立影響代工供應商與顧客間夥伴關係的理論架構,並進行實證分析加以驗證。
經過文獻探討,歸納交易成本理論、資源依賴理論、資源基礎觀點、社會網絡觀點等相關理論觀點,探討影響夥伴關係的因素,並透過個案訪談的分析與修正,建立研究架構。本研究依據相關的文獻將供應商與顧客之間的夥伴關係視為一個連續帶,其中一個極端是策略夥伴關係,另外一個極端則是一般市場交易關係。從資源基礎觀點來說,資源的互補是形成策略聯盟的重要驅動力量,所謂資源互補指聯盟夥伴的獨特資源,這些資源共同利用所產生的租要比個別夥伴單獨利用所能產生的租的總和還要大。因此,在代工的合作模式下,供應商所貢獻的研發能力與製造能力必須要能夠具體的呈現出利益在那裡?在這個經濟理性的前提下,一些對供應商評估的研究大部分均以:價格(成本)、品質、交期、新產品設計所需的時間等構面量評估供應商。因為廠商本身的know-how(in house know-how),這些Know-how可以讓其成為在價格、品質及產品發展上的獨特供應商。基於經濟理性考量的前提下,供應商在新產品發展的速度、價格、產品品質、與交期所展現出來的競爭力,是合作是否有利可圖的重要基礎,也成為影響代工合作模式下影響夥伴關係最重要的因素。而另一方面,相關的研究指出顧客所認知的知識外溢風險是影響長期合作關係成功的重要因素,在代工的合作關係下,要獲得顧客的信任,必須要降低顧客對於其know-how在未被預期下洩漏的顧慮,在供應商有替代意圖、防弊措施不夠、及社會資本不足的情況下,顧客認知的知識外溢風險將會增加,本研究認為顧客對於知識外溢風險的認知會稀釋供應商的競爭力,進而影響與顧客之間的夥伴關係。同時,在代工的合作模式下,供應商所期盼的是如何留住顧客,因此,如何提升顧客的轉換成本,成為一項重要的考慮因素。本研究認為隨著產品標準化程度的提高,潛在供應商的數目增加,顧客的轉換成本將會降低,交易機制會傾向於市場交易的統治模式,使夥伴關係傾向市場交易,但是產品生命週期的縮短與作業系統融合的程度提高則會增加顧客的轉換成本,使得夥伴關係趨近於策略夥伴的關係。
在研究假設的驗證方面,本研究以外商在台的採購人員作為研究對象,分析單位為「交易關係」,共計回收118份有效問卷。分析結果發現供應商整體代工能力愈高,供應商的競爭力愈高;供應商的競爭力愈高,夥伴關係愈緊密。顧客認知的知識外溢風險愈高,會減弱供應商競爭力與夥伴關係緊密程度的正向關係。在轉換成本方面,僅供應商選評淘汰的困難程度及作業系統融合程度等兩個變項的交互作用獲得支持,也就是說供應商選評淘汰的困難程度愈高,會強化供應商競爭力與夥伴關係緊密程度之間的正向關係;作業系統融合程度愈高,也強化供應商競爭力與夥伴關係緊密程度之間的正向關係。
綜合以上的實證結果,在理論方面,本研究證實策略聯盟的相關理論仍可以用在代工合作模式下,經濟理性仍然是夥伴關係的先決條件,同時本研究所提出關於夥伴關係的相關構面實證上也具有良好的信度與效度;在實務方面,本研究可以提供代工的供應商與顧客,在強化夥伴關係方面的可行作法。
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描述 博士
國立政治大學
企業管理學系
90
資料來源 http://thesis.lib.nccu.edu.tw/record/#G91NCCW0482012
資料類型 thesis
dc.contributor.advisor 司徒達賢
dc.contributor.advisor 于卓民
dc.contributor.author (Authors) 黃銘章
dc.creator (作者) 黃銘章
dc.date (日期) 2002
dc.date.accessioned 27-Sep-2018 14:22:54 (UTC+8)-
dc.date.available 27-Sep-2018 14:22:54 (UTC+8)-
dc.date.issued (上傳時間) 27-Sep-2018 14:22:54 (UTC+8)-
dc.identifier.uri (URI) http://nccur.lib.nccu.edu.tw/handle/140.119/120175-
dc.description (描述) 博士
dc.description (描述) 國立政治大學
dc.description (描述) 企業管理學系
dc.description (描述) 90
dc.description.abstract (摘要) 國際企業為了減低生產成本,將部分生產外包給國外的企業,是常見的策略聯盟方式,台灣許多大型企業,過去都是靠國外客戶之OEM訂單起家,但即便在台灣,雖然委託製造這種垂直聯盟的方式無疑是產業中歷史最久、也最常見的跨國合作模式,學術上以委託製造為主題的研究仍極為少見,甚至有些研究將代工的夥伴關係排除在策略聯盟之外。但本研究認為就合作的實質內容而言,從早期單純評估供應商的交期、品質、成本等因素之外,近年來,國際品牌廠商不斷發展出新的營運模式(例如BTO、CTO),使得台灣供應商所扮演的角色從單純代工走向國際的分工,因應新的營運模式,台灣廠商主動或被動提升自我的能力,我國資訊工業在與國際大廠長期代工合作下,從單純的製造加工,培養出從設計、製造到後勤支援的全球運籌能力,造成國際大廠為求生存及提高其競爭力而積極主動來台尋求合作,台灣資訊硬體產業的蓬勃發展,已經成為國際專業分工生產的重鎮。另外就理論面而言,如果將代工視為純粹的市場交易,則價格機制將決定了代工訂單的歸屬,所以換單、抽單、轉單等情事將會屢見不鮮。然而就實務界的合作情形觀察,此種現象並不是常見的現象,因此必然存在某些的因素讓雙方的關係穩定維持。本研究將援引策略聯盟的相關理論,建立影響代工供應商與顧客間夥伴關係的理論架構,並進行實證分析加以驗證。
經過文獻探討,歸納交易成本理論、資源依賴理論、資源基礎觀點、社會網絡觀點等相關理論觀點,探討影響夥伴關係的因素,並透過個案訪談的分析與修正,建立研究架構。本研究依據相關的文獻將供應商與顧客之間的夥伴關係視為一個連續帶,其中一個極端是策略夥伴關係,另外一個極端則是一般市場交易關係。從資源基礎觀點來說,資源的互補是形成策略聯盟的重要驅動力量,所謂資源互補指聯盟夥伴的獨特資源,這些資源共同利用所產生的租要比個別夥伴單獨利用所能產生的租的總和還要大。因此,在代工的合作模式下,供應商所貢獻的研發能力與製造能力必須要能夠具體的呈現出利益在那裡?在這個經濟理性的前提下,一些對供應商評估的研究大部分均以:價格(成本)、品質、交期、新產品設計所需的時間等構面量評估供應商。因為廠商本身的know-how(in house know-how),這些Know-how可以讓其成為在價格、品質及產品發展上的獨特供應商。基於經濟理性考量的前提下,供應商在新產品發展的速度、價格、產品品質、與交期所展現出來的競爭力,是合作是否有利可圖的重要基礎,也成為影響代工合作模式下影響夥伴關係最重要的因素。而另一方面,相關的研究指出顧客所認知的知識外溢風險是影響長期合作關係成功的重要因素,在代工的合作關係下,要獲得顧客的信任,必須要降低顧客對於其know-how在未被預期下洩漏的顧慮,在供應商有替代意圖、防弊措施不夠、及社會資本不足的情況下,顧客認知的知識外溢風險將會增加,本研究認為顧客對於知識外溢風險的認知會稀釋供應商的競爭力,進而影響與顧客之間的夥伴關係。同時,在代工的合作模式下,供應商所期盼的是如何留住顧客,因此,如何提升顧客的轉換成本,成為一項重要的考慮因素。本研究認為隨著產品標準化程度的提高,潛在供應商的數目增加,顧客的轉換成本將會降低,交易機制會傾向於市場交易的統治模式,使夥伴關係傾向市場交易,但是產品生命週期的縮短與作業系統融合的程度提高則會增加顧客的轉換成本,使得夥伴關係趨近於策略夥伴的關係。
在研究假設的驗證方面,本研究以外商在台的採購人員作為研究對象,分析單位為「交易關係」,共計回收118份有效問卷。分析結果發現供應商整體代工能力愈高,供應商的競爭力愈高;供應商的競爭力愈高,夥伴關係愈緊密。顧客認知的知識外溢風險愈高,會減弱供應商競爭力與夥伴關係緊密程度的正向關係。在轉換成本方面,僅供應商選評淘汰的困難程度及作業系統融合程度等兩個變項的交互作用獲得支持,也就是說供應商選評淘汰的困難程度愈高,會強化供應商競爭力與夥伴關係緊密程度之間的正向關係;作業系統融合程度愈高,也強化供應商競爭力與夥伴關係緊密程度之間的正向關係。
綜合以上的實證結果,在理論方面,本研究證實策略聯盟的相關理論仍可以用在代工合作模式下,經濟理性仍然是夥伴關係的先決條件,同時本研究所提出關於夥伴關係的相關構面實證上也具有良好的信度與效度;在實務方面,本研究可以提供代工的供應商與顧客,在強化夥伴關係方面的可行作法。
dc.description.tableofcontents 第一章 緒論
第一節 研究動機4
第二節 研究問題目的與研究目的11
第三節 研究對象與分析單位15
第二章 文獻探討
第一節 策略聯盟的定義18
第二節 策略聯盟的相關理論21
第三節 策略聯盟夥伴的選擇34
第四節 影響夥伴關係的因素41
第五節 夥伴關係74
第三章 個案分析
第一節 個案簡介85
第二節 個案比較分析101
第四章 研究設計
第一節 研究架構104
第二節 研究假設107
第三節 變數的操作型定義與衡量120
第四節 抽樣設計與資料收集134
第五節 資料分析方法136
第五章 實證研究結果
第一節 樣本描述139
第二節 問卷之信度與效度分析144
第三節 影響代工供應商與顧客問夥伴關係因素的實證分析150
第六章 結論與建議
第一節 研究結論166.
第二節 理論與實務的涵意176
第三節 後續研究的建議186
參考文獻190
附錄一:問卷206
附錄二:前IPO聯誼會會長方國健先生推薦函212
附錄三:代工供應商整體代工能力與供應商競爭力關係之多元迴歸分析214
附錄四:供應商競爭力與夥伴關係緊密程度之多元迴歸分析217
附錄五:77份問卷統計結果219
附錄六:夥伴關係分項檢定結果226
表目錄
表2-1-1:策略聯盟定義彙總表19
表2-2-1:廠商從事策略聯盟的動機彙總表22
表2-3-1:組織文化的主要構面表38
表2-4-1:資源的定義彙總表42
表2-4-2:資源的特性彙總表43
表2-4-3:策略矩陣57
表2-5-1:零組件發展的任務79
表3-2-1:個案分析比較彙總表103
表4-3-1:產品研發設計能力衡量指標彙總表121
表4-3-2:產品產品量產製造能力衡量指標彙總表122
表4-3-3:本研究構面的衡量指標彙總整理表132
表4-4-1:迴歸分析流程與變數影響方向138
表5-1-1:問卷發放與回收情形統計表140
表5-1-2:受訪人的工作經驗統計表142
表5-1-3:受訪人職位分佈142
表5-1-4:樣本之合作形式分佈143
表5-2-1:研究變項之信度分析彙總146
表5-2-2:衡量構面之因素結構與因素負荷量148
表5-3-1:代工供應商整體代工能力各變項間相關係數分析表151
表5-3-2:代工供應商整體代工能力之主成份權重與因素負荷量152
表5-3-3:代工供應商整體代工能力與供應商競爭關係之分析154
表5-3-4:代工供應商整體代工能力與供應商競爭關係之分析(含上市公司指標)155
表5-3-5:代工供應商競爭力各項指標間相關係數156
表5-3-6:代工供應商競爭力之主成份權重與因素負荷量156
表5-3-7:代工供應商競爭力與夥伴關係緊密程度關係之迴歸分析157
表5-3-8:交互作用項各變數間相關係數表158
表5-3-9:知識外溢風險的干擾效果160
表5-3-10:轉換成本的干擾效果162
表6-1-1:研究假設檢定結果彙總表168
附錄表3-1:代工供應商整體代工能力與供應商競爭力關係之多元迴歸分析215
附錄3-2:代工供應商整體代工能力與供應商競爭力各項指標之分析216
附錄表4-1:代工供應商競爭力與夥伴關係緊密程度關係之迴歸分析218
附錄表5-1:代工供應商整體代工能力與供應商競爭力間關係之分析220
附錄表5-2:代工供應商整體代工能力與供應商競爭力關係之分析(含上市公司指標)
221
附錄表5-3:代工供應商競爭力與夥伴關係緊密程度關係之迴歸分析222
附錄表5-4:知識外溢風險的干擾效果分析223
附錄表5-5:轉換成本的干擾效果分析224
附錄表5-6:研究假設檢定結果比較表225
附錄表6-1:影響代工供應商與顧客共同行動之因素227
附錄表6-2:影響供應商早期涉入之因素229
附錄表6-3:影響供應商顧客間互賴程度入之因素231
附錄表6-4:影響代工供應商與顧客間資訊分享程度之因素233
附錄表6-5:影響代工供應商與顧客合作關係持續之因素235
附錄表6-6:附錄表6-6:夥伴關係分項檢定與原假設檢定結果比較表236
圖目錄
圖2-2-1:組織失靈架構圖23
圖2-3-1:成功國際策略聯盟的4C圖35
圖2-4-1:代工供應商專屬性投資與績效關係52
圖2-4-2:四種合資研發的類型54
圖2-4-3:策略性供應商的類型67
圖2-5-1:供應鏈管理策略圖75
圖4-1-1:本研究之觀念架構圖106
dc.format.extent 115 bytes-
dc.format.mimetype text/html-
dc.source.uri (資料來源) http://thesis.lib.nccu.edu.tw/record/#G91NCCW0482012
dc.title (題名) 影響代工供應商與顧客間夥伴關係因素之硏究-以台灣電子資訊產業為例
dc.type (資料類型) thesis
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 一、中文部分
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