Publications-Theses
Article View/Open
Publication Export
-
題名 碳權交易的法律問題研究
A Study on Legal Aspects of Carbon Emission Trading in Taiwan作者 邱康寧
Chiu, Kon-Ning貢獻者 林國全
Lin, Kuo-Chuan
邱康寧
Chiu, Kon-Ning關鍵詞 碳排放交易
總量管制加交易
京都議定書
巴黎協議
溫室氣體減量及管理法
Carbon emission trading
Cap and trade
Kyoto Protocol
Paris agreement
Greenhouse gas reduction and management act日期 2018 上傳時間 1-Oct-2018 12:13:32 (UTC+8) 摘要 本文分析，在特定管制目的型的封閉市場中，交易管理並非金融監督管理委員會的業務範圍，而是行政院環境保護署的業務範圍。但問題是目前的行政院環境保護署，以及未來的環境資源部卻沒有相應管理碳排放權交易市場及維持市場交易秩序的單位。因此本文建議政府應另行在目前的環境衛生及毒物管理處下成立碳交易局，專職管理市場及維持交易秩序。並將未來碳排放權的管制、核配、交易三大項業務分開由不同的單位來主管，以避免發生利益衝突的可能。此外雖然現階段我國排放交易制度尚未成立，是否可以在排放交易市場之外再有其他商品市場的機會，尚未可知。但是為了要擴大碳排放交易市場的參與人數與種類，增加、建立次級市場並促進資金流通，而且排放交易制度已經被認為是有效的減量工具。因此，我國及早考慮相關排放額度的商品化過程確有必要。
In the closed market of carbon emission trading with specific regulatory purposes, market regulation is not the responsibility of Financial Supervisory Commission, but of the Environmental Protection Administration of the Executive Yuan.The problem is, currently there are no agencies in the Environmental Protection Administration of the Executive Yuan nor in the future Ministry of Environment and Natural Resources to regulate the market and to maintain trading order in carbon emission trading.Therefore, this paper suggests that the government should set up a carbon trading bureau under the current Department of Environmental Sanitation and Toxic Substance Management of the EPA to manage the market and maintain trading order.Besides, the regulation, allocation, and trading of carbon emission allowances should be separately administered by different government agencies to avoid potential conflicts of interest.In addition, while Taiwan`s carbon emission trading system has not yet been established at this stage, it is not yet known whether there will be opportunities in other commodity markets for carbon emission trading, apart from the dedicated carbon emission trading market.To expand the number and types of participants in the carbon emission trading, secondary markets should be established, as the carbon emission trading has been regarded as an effective carbon reduction tool.Therefore, Taiwan should consider the commodification process of carbon emission as early as possible.參考文獻 一、 法規1. 歐盟法規2. 中華民國溫室氣體減量及管理法3. 環境資源部組織法草案4. 農產品市場交易法5. 農產品批發市場管理辦法6. 韓國低碳綠色成長基本法7. 韓國溫室氣體排放交易法8. 中華人民共和國應對氣候變化法草案9. 中華人民共和國全國碳排放權交易管理條例草案10. 中華人民共和國碳全國碳排放權交易管理暫行辦法二、 中文參考資料1. 人類環境宣言https://zh.wikisource.org/zh-hant/%E8%81%94%E5%90%88%E5%9B%BD%E4%BA%BA%E7%B1%BB%E7%8E%AF%E5%A2%83%E5%AE%A3%E8%A8%80%EF%BC%881972%E5%B9%B4%E6%96%AF%E5%BE%B7%E5%93%A5%E5%B0%94%E6%91%A9%E5%AE%A3%E8%A8%80%EF%BC%89 2018/07/02最後瀏覽日2. 上海證券報，氣候大會達成里程碑協定全球共迎新氣候經濟時代，2015年12月14日。3. 中國新聞網，巴黎完成低碳使命 全球氣候治理迎“新起點”，2015年12月14日。4. 中國新聞網，巴黎協定為解決氣候危機奠基礎仍面臨挑戰，2015年12月14 日。 105 年1月專題經濟部節能減碳推動辦公室5. 中新社，巴黎氣候大會達成全球氣候變化新協定，2015年12月13日。6. 台灣環境資訊協會環境資訊中心網站7. 外交部UNFCCC之問答錄https://www.mofa.gov.tw/igo/News_Content.aspx?n=C60A5AF9E8F638E0&sms=FD69E2823D9785AA&s=0F2AF4C227A2C81C8. 行政院經濟建設委員會，碳排放交易機制建置之研究，計畫主持人蕭代基、溫麗琪、申永順。中華經濟研究院受託研究。頁4-14頁（民98）。9. 行政院農委會農委會年報，85年年報，拾貳、建立現代化的運銷體系。參照網頁https://www.coa.gov.tw/ws.php?id=589210. 里約熱內盧環境與發展宣言https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%87%8C%E7%B4%84%E7%92%B0%E5%A2%83%E8%88%87%E7%99%BC%E5%B1%95%E5%AE%A3%E8%A8%80 2018/07/02最後瀏覽日11. 香港天文台網站http://www.hko.gov.hk/wxinfo/climat/greenhs/c_grnhse.htm12. 財團法人海峽交流基金會網頁之兩岸經貿統計http://www.sef.org.tw/public/Data/862711454271.jpg13. 埼玉縣碳權管理官網, http://www.pref.saitama.lg.jp/a0502/haishutu-torihiki.html14. 張秀蓮，行政院金融監督管理委員會組織職能與監理方向，銀行公會會訊，第23期，頁2。（民93年）。參照http://www.ba.org.tw/pdf/會訊第23期.pdf15. 新華網，巴黎協定五大重點值得關注，2015年12月15日16. 鉅亨網，巴黎氣候峰會今落幕 3大分歧待化解談判或超時，2015年12月11 日。17. 網站：中國氣候變化信息網，專題：聯合國氣候變化大會-巴黎 (http://www.ccchina.gov.cn/)。18. 網站：經濟部溫室氣體減量資訊網，國際簡訊，2015 年 11~12 月份 (http://www.go-moea.tw/e-01.asp)。19. 歐盟- 台灣雙邊關係概況EU–TAIWAN factfile 2017 European Economic and Trade Office 歐洲經貿辦事處20. 歐盟排放權註冊規則，Union Registry Regulations, 2016.9.19, http://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-cont ent/EN/TXT/?uri=CELEX%3A32013R038921. 駐韓國台北代表部經濟組簡介https://www.roc-taiwan.org/kr/post/160.html，2018/06/25最後查閱22. 聯合國氣候變化綱要公約第二條，http://www.tri.org.tw/unfccc/download/unfccc_c.pdf 2018/5/17 最後查詢，聯合國氣候變化綱要公約工業技術研究院能源與資源研究所編輯23. 聯合國氣候變化綱要公約第三條http://www.tri.org.tw/unfccc/download/unfccc_c.pdf 2018/5/17 最後查詢，聯合國氣候變化綱要公約工業技術研究院能源與資源研究所編輯24. 聯合國新聞網，巴黎氣候變化大會通過全球氣候新協議，2015年12月14 日。 11. 環球時報，專家詳解巴黎協定里程碑意義 地球終於進入療程，2015年12月14日。25. 聯合新聞網，巴黎氣候峰會 出現「新的妥協」，2015 年 12 月 10 日。26. 蘇義淵，台灣實施排放交易制度所需要的法律配套措施：論排放額度的法律性質、市場穩定儲備機制與市場管理規範，2018 年（未出版期刊論文）（由作者取得）。27. 蘇義淵，台灣碳交易市場法制建置之建議，台灣國際法季刊，第9卷第2期，2012年，頁75-84.28. 蘇義淵，台灣碳交易市場法治建置之建議，台灣國際法季刊，頁73-95 ( 2012).三、 英文參考資料1. A. DENNY ELLERMAN, PAUL L. JOSKOW, RICHARD SCHMALENSEE, JUAN-PABLO MONTERO & ELIZABETH M. BAILEY, MARKETS FOR CLEAN AIR: THE US ACID RAIN PROGRAM, 3-4 (2000).2. Annex I, Categories of Activities Referred to in Article 2(1), 3, 4, 14(1), 28 and 30. & OJ L 275, 15.10.2003. Directive 2003/87/EC of The European Parliament and of The Council of 13 October 2003, establishing a scheme for greenhouse gas emission allowance trading within the Community and amending Council Directive 96/61/EC, 頁32.3. Article 17, Kyoto Protocol of the Framework Convention on Climate Change, opened for signature March 16 1998, entered into force February 16 2005. UN Doc FCCC/CP/1997/7/Add.1, Dec. 10, 1997; 37 I.L.M. 22 (1998).4. European Council (23 and 24 October 2014) Conclusions on 2030 Climate and Energy Policy Framework5. FARHANA YAMIN &JOANNA DEPLEDGE, THE INTERNATIONAL CLIMATE CHANGE REGIME: A GUIDE TO RULES, INSTITUTIONS AND PROCEDURES 145-146 (2004).6. Guardian, “Climate change deal: five reasons to be glad, five to be gloomy”, December 15, 2015.7. http://www.gov.cn/zhengce/content/2016-11/04/content_5128619.htm 最後瀏覽日2018/07/208. http://www.ndrc.gov.cn/gzdt/201712/W020171220577386656660.pdf，最後瀏覽日2018/07/209. https://icapcarbonaction.com/en/?option=com_etsmap&task=export&format=pdf&layout=list&systems[]=84 Japan - Saitama Target Setting Emissions Trading System10. ICAP, EMISSION TRADING WORLDWIDE: INTERNATIONAL CARBON ACTION PARTNERSHIP (ICAP) STATUS REPORT 2015。https://icapcarbonaction.com/images/StatusReport2015/ICAP_Report_2015_02_10_online_version.pdf，最後瀏覽日期: 2018/07/2011. International Carbon Action Partnership ETS BRIEF #3 October 201512. International Institute for Sustainable Development (IISD), Earth Negotiations Bulletin – COP 21, December, 2015.13. Lauren Carasik, “Paris climate change accord is just the beginning”, December 15, 2015.14. LUCAS MERRILL BROWN, ALEX HANAFI & ANNIE PETSONK, THE EU EMISSION TRADING SYSTEM: RESULTS AND LESSONS LEARNED 6-7 (2009)，https://www.edf.org/sites/default/files/EU_ETS_Lessons_Learned_Report_EDF.pdf，最後瀏覽日：2018/07/2015. RALF MARTIN, MIRABELLE MUÛLS & ULRICH WAGNER, AN EVIDENCE REVIEW OF THE EU EMISSION TRADING SYSTEM, FOCUSING ON EFFECTIVENESS OF THE SYSTEM IN DRIVING INDUSTRY ABATEMENT 6-7 (2012)，https://www.gov.uk/government/uploads/system/uploads/attachment_data/file/48449/5725-an-evidence-review-of-the-eu-emissions-trading-sys.pdf，最後瀏覽日：2018/07/2016. Ricardo Bayon, Amanda Hawn & Katherine Hamilton, Voluntary Carbon Markets: An International Business Guide to What They Are and How they Work, 55-62 (2007).17. STEFAN E. WEISHAAR, EMISSIONS TRADING DESIGN: A CRITICAL OVERVIEW, 21 (2014).18. STEFAN E. WEISHAAR, TOWARDS AUCTIONING: THE TRANSFORMATION OF THE EUROPEAN GREENHOUSE GAS EMISSIONS TRADING SYSTEM: PRESENT AND FUTURE CHALLENGES TO COMPETITION LAW 9 (2009).19. UNFCCC, “Historic Paris Agreement on Climate Change”, December 12, 2015.20. UNFCCC, Report of the Conference of the Parties Serving as the Meeting of the Parties to the Kyoto Protocol on its first session, held at Montreal from 28 November to 10 December 2005, Addendum, Part Two: Action taken by the Parties Serving as the Meeting of the Parties to the Kyoto Protocol, Decision 11/CMP1, Modalities, rules and guidelines for emission trading under Article 17 of Kyoto Protocol, FCCC/KP/CMP/2005/8/Add.2, 頁22 (30 March 2006).21. UNFCCC, Report of the Conference of the Parties Serving as the Meeting of the Parties to the Kyoto Protocol on its first session, held at Montreal from 28 November to 10 December 2005, Addendum, Part Two: Action taken by the Parties Serving as the Meeting of the Parties to the Kyoto Protocol, Decision 13/CMP1, Modalities for accounting of assigned amounts under Article 7, paragraph 4, of the Kyoto Protocol, FCCC/KP/CMP/2005/8/Add.2, 頁23.22. UNFCCC, Report of the Conference of the Parties Serving as the Meeting of the Parties to the Kyoto Protocol on its twentieth session, held in Lima from 1 to 14 December 2013, Addendum, Part two: Action taken by the Conference of the Parties at its twentieth session, Decision 1/CP. 20, Lima Call for Climate Action, FCCC/CP/2014/10/Add.1, 頁2.23. UNFCCC, Report of the Conference of the Parties, Report of the Conference of the Parties on its twenty-first session, held in Paris from 30 November 2015 to 13 December 2015, Addendum, Part two: Action taken by the Conference of the Parties at its twenty-first session, Decision 1/CP.21, Adoption of the Paris Agreement, Annex, Paris Agreement, Article 2, , FCCC/CP/2015/10/Add.1, 頁22.24. United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change, opened for signature May 29, 1992, entered into force March 14 1994. 1771 U.N.T.S. 107; U.N. Doc. A/AC.237/18 (Part II)/Add.1; S. Treaty Doc. No. 102-38; 31 I.L.M. 849 (1992).25. WILLIAM PIZER, CHOOSING PRICE OR QUANTITY CONTROLS FOR GREENHOUSE GASES, 1 (1999), http://www.rff.org/files/sharepoint/WorkImages/Download/RFF-CCIB-17.pdf，最後瀏覽日期：2018/07/1326. WORLD BANK, EMISSION TRADING IN PRACTICE: A HANDBOOK ON DESIGN AND IMPLEMENTATION 3 (2016). 描述 碩士
國立政治大學
法學院碩士在職專班
97961107資料來源 http://thesis.lib.nccu.edu.tw/record/#G0097961107 資料類型 thesis dc.contributor.advisor 林國全 zh_TW dc.contributor.advisor Lin, Kuo-Chuan en_US dc.contributor.author (Authors) 邱康寧 zh_TW dc.contributor.author (Authors) Chiu, Kon-Ning en_US dc.creator (作者) 邱康寧 zh_TW dc.creator (作者) Chiu, Kon-Ning en_US dc.date (日期) 2018 en_US dc.date.accessioned 1-Oct-2018 12:13:32 (UTC+8) - dc.date.available 1-Oct-2018 12:13:32 (UTC+8) - dc.date.issued (上傳時間) 1-Oct-2018 12:13:32 (UTC+8) - dc.identifier (Other Identifiers) G0097961107 en_US dc.identifier.uri (URI) http://nccur.lib.nccu.edu.tw/handle/140.119/120274 - dc.description (描述) 碩士 zh_TW dc.description (描述) 國立政治大學 zh_TW dc.description (描述) 法學院碩士在職專班 zh_TW dc.description (描述) 97961107 zh_TW dc.description.abstract (摘要) 本文分析，在特定管制目的型的封閉市場中，交易管理並非金融監督管理委員會的業務範圍，而是行政院環境保護署的業務範圍。但問題是目前的行政院環境保護署，以及未來的環境資源部卻沒有相應管理碳排放權交易市場及維持市場交易秩序的單位。因此本文建議政府應另行在目前的環境衛生及毒物管理處下成立碳交易局，專職管理市場及維持交易秩序。並將未來碳排放權的管制、核配、交易三大項業務分開由不同的單位來主管，以避免發生利益衝突的可能。此外雖然現階段我國排放交易制度尚未成立，是否可以在排放交易市場之外再有其他商品市場的機會，尚未可知。但是為了要擴大碳排放交易市場的參與人數與種類，增加、建立次級市場並促進資金流通，而且排放交易制度已經被認為是有效的減量工具。因此，我國及早考慮相關排放額度的商品化過程確有必要。 zh_TW dc.description.abstract (摘要) In the closed market of carbon emission trading with specific regulatory purposes, market regulation is not the responsibility of Financial Supervisory Commission, but of the Environmental Protection Administration of the Executive Yuan.The problem is, currently there are no agencies in the Environmental Protection Administration of the Executive Yuan nor in the future Ministry of Environment and Natural Resources to regulate the market and to maintain trading order in carbon emission trading.Therefore, this paper suggests that the government should set up a carbon trading bureau under the current Department of Environmental Sanitation and Toxic Substance Management of the EPA to manage the market and maintain trading order.Besides, the regulation, allocation, and trading of carbon emission allowances should be separately administered by different government agencies to avoid potential conflicts of interest.In addition, while Taiwan`s carbon emission trading system has not yet been established at this stage, it is not yet known whether there will be opportunities in other commodity markets for carbon emission trading, apart from the dedicated carbon emission trading market.To expand the number and types of participants in the carbon emission trading, secondary markets should be established, as the carbon emission trading has been regarded as an effective carbon reduction tool.Therefore, Taiwan should consider the commodification process of carbon emission as early as possible. en_US dc.description.tableofcontents 第一章 緒論 1第一節 研究動機 1第二節 研究目的 3第三節 研究方法 5第四節 研究流程 5第二章 碳排放交易制度的形成及法律架構 7第一節 各種降低碳排放制度之優劣 7第二節 國際法中關於排放交易制度的規範 13第三節 聯合國氣候變化綱要公約 21第四節 京都議定書 24第五節 巴黎協議 28第六節 巴黎協議對台灣的影響 33第七節 台灣參與巴黎協議的方式及扮演角色 34第三章 世界各國碳排放權交易體系 37第一節 碳排放權交易原理及市場起源 37第二節 國外碳權交易發展現況與趨勢 38第三節 碳排放權交易在全球發展的概況 41第四節 選擇歐、美、韓、日及中國碳排放權交易體系說明之原因 42第四章 各國碳排放權交易的法規與制度 47第一節 歐盟碳排放權交易體系 47第二節 美國碳權交易制度 59第三節 日本碳排放權交易體系 72第四節 韓國碳權交易制度 82第五節 中國大陸碳排放權交易體系 89第五章 我國建構的排放權交易體系的考量點 99第一節 碳權交易的特殊之處 99第二節 我國的類似的交易制度 100第三節 碳排放交易主管機關之選定 101第四節 未來減量額度與配額的商品化方向 106第五節 我國溫室氣體減量及管理法立法歷程及與碳排放交易的關聯 107第六章 結論 113參考文獻 118 zh_TW dc.source.uri (資料來源) http://thesis.lib.nccu.edu.tw/record/#G0097961107 en_US dc.subject (關鍵詞) 碳排放交易 zh_TW dc.subject (關鍵詞) 總量管制加交易 zh_TW dc.subject (關鍵詞) 京都議定書 zh_TW dc.subject (關鍵詞) 巴黎協議 zh_TW dc.subject (關鍵詞) 溫室氣體減量及管理法 zh_TW dc.subject (關鍵詞) Carbon emission trading en_US dc.subject (關鍵詞) Cap and trade en_US dc.subject (關鍵詞) Kyoto Protocol en_US dc.subject (關鍵詞) Paris agreement en_US dc.subject (關鍵詞) Greenhouse gas reduction and management act en_US dc.title (題名) 碳權交易的法律問題研究 zh_TW dc.title (題名) A Study on Legal Aspects of Carbon Emission Trading in Taiwan en_US dc.type (資料類型) thesis en_US dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 一、 法規1. 歐盟法規2. 中華民國溫室氣體減量及管理法3. 環境資源部組織法草案4. 農產品市場交易法5. 農產品批發市場管理辦法6. 韓國低碳綠色成長基本法7. 韓國溫室氣體排放交易法8. 中華人民共和國應對氣候變化法草案9. 中華人民共和國全國碳排放權交易管理條例草案10. 中華人民共和國碳全國碳排放權交易管理暫行辦法二、 中文參考資料1. 人類環境宣言https://zh.wikisource.org/zh-hant/%E8%81%94%E5%90%88%E5%9B%BD%E4%BA%BA%E7%B1%BB%E7%8E%AF%E5%A2%83%E5%AE%A3%E8%A8%80%EF%BC%881972%E5%B9%B4%E6%96%AF%E5%BE%B7%E5%93%A5%E5%B0%94%E6%91%A9%E5%AE%A3%E8%A8%80%EF%BC%89 2018/07/02最後瀏覽日2. 上海證券報，氣候大會達成里程碑協定全球共迎新氣候經濟時代，2015年12月14日。3. 中國新聞網，巴黎完成低碳使命 全球氣候治理迎“新起點”，2015年12月14日。4. 中國新聞網，巴黎協定為解決氣候危機奠基礎仍面臨挑戰，2015年12月14 日。 105 年1月專題經濟部節能減碳推動辦公室5. 中新社，巴黎氣候大會達成全球氣候變化新協定，2015年12月13日。6. 台灣環境資訊協會環境資訊中心網站7. 外交部UNFCCC之問答錄https://www.mofa.gov.tw/igo/News_Content.aspx?n=C60A5AF9E8F638E0&sms=FD69E2823D9785AA&s=0F2AF4C227A2C81C8. 行政院經濟建設委員會，碳排放交易機制建置之研究，計畫主持人蕭代基、溫麗琪、申永順。中華經濟研究院受託研究。頁4-14頁（民98）。9. 行政院農委會農委會年報，85年年報，拾貳、建立現代化的運銷體系。參照網頁https://www.coa.gov.tw/ws.php?id=589210. 里約熱內盧環境與發展宣言https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%87%8C%E7%B4%84%E7%92%B0%E5%A2%83%E8%88%87%E7%99%BC%E5%B1%95%E5%AE%A3%E8%A8%80 2018/07/02最後瀏覽日11. 香港天文台網站http://www.hko.gov.hk/wxinfo/climat/greenhs/c_grnhse.htm12. 財團法人海峽交流基金會網頁之兩岸經貿統計http://www.sef.org.tw/public/Data/862711454271.jpg13. 埼玉縣碳權管理官網, http://www.pref.saitama.lg.jp/a0502/haishutu-torihiki.html14. 張秀蓮，行政院金融監督管理委員會組織職能與監理方向，銀行公會會訊，第23期，頁2。（民93年）。參照http://www.ba.org.tw/pdf/會訊第23期.pdf15. 新華網，巴黎協定五大重點值得關注，2015年12月15日16. 鉅亨網，巴黎氣候峰會今落幕 3大分歧待化解談判或超時，2015年12月11 日。17. 網站：中國氣候變化信息網，專題：聯合國氣候變化大會-巴黎 (http://www.ccchina.gov.cn/)。18. 網站：經濟部溫室氣體減量資訊網，國際簡訊，2015 年 11~12 月份 (http://www.go-moea.tw/e-01.asp)。19. 歐盟- 台灣雙邊關係概況EU–TAIWAN factfile 2017 European Economic and Trade Office 歐洲經貿辦事處20. 歐盟排放權註冊規則，Union Registry Regulations, 2016.9.19, http://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-cont ent/EN/TXT/?uri=CELEX%3A32013R038921. 駐韓國台北代表部經濟組簡介https://www.roc-taiwan.org/kr/post/160.html，2018/06/25最後查閱22. 聯合國氣候變化綱要公約第二條，http://www.tri.org.tw/unfccc/download/unfccc_c.pdf 2018/5/17 最後查詢，聯合國氣候變化綱要公約工業技術研究院能源與資源研究所編輯23. 聯合國氣候變化綱要公約第三條http://www.tri.org.tw/unfccc/download/unfccc_c.pdf 2018/5/17 最後查詢，聯合國氣候變化綱要公約工業技術研究院能源與資源研究所編輯24. 聯合國新聞網，巴黎氣候變化大會通過全球氣候新協議，2015年12月14 日。 11. 環球時報，專家詳解巴黎協定里程碑意義 地球終於進入療程，2015年12月14日。25. 聯合新聞網，巴黎氣候峰會 出現「新的妥協」，2015 年 12 月 10 日。26. 蘇義淵，台灣實施排放交易制度所需要的法律配套措施：論排放額度的法律性質、市場穩定儲備機制與市場管理規範，2018 年（未出版期刊論文）（由作者取得）。27. 蘇義淵，台灣碳交易市場法制建置之建議，台灣國際法季刊，第9卷第2期，2012年，頁75-84.28. 蘇義淵，台灣碳交易市場法治建置之建議，台灣國際法季刊，頁73-95 ( 2012).三、 英文參考資料1. A. DENNY ELLERMAN, PAUL L. JOSKOW, RICHARD SCHMALENSEE, JUAN-PABLO MONTERO & ELIZABETH M. BAILEY, MARKETS FOR CLEAN AIR: THE US ACID RAIN PROGRAM, 3-4 (2000).2. Annex I, Categories of Activities Referred to in Article 2(1), 3, 4, 14(1), 28 and 30. & OJ L 275, 15.10.2003. Directive 2003/87/EC of The European Parliament and of The Council of 13 October 2003, establishing a scheme for greenhouse gas emission allowance trading within the Community and amending Council Directive 96/61/EC, 頁32.3. Article 17, Kyoto Protocol of the Framework Convention on Climate Change, opened for signature March 16 1998, entered into force February 16 2005. UN Doc FCCC/CP/1997/7/Add.1, Dec. 10, 1997; 37 I.L.M. 22 (1998).4. European Council (23 and 24 October 2014) Conclusions on 2030 Climate and Energy Policy Framework5. FARHANA YAMIN &JOANNA DEPLEDGE, THE INTERNATIONAL CLIMATE CHANGE REGIME: A GUIDE TO RULES, INSTITUTIONS AND PROCEDURES 145-146 (2004).6. Guardian, “Climate change deal: five reasons to be glad, five to be gloomy”, December 15, 2015.7. http://www.gov.cn/zhengce/content/2016-11/04/content_5128619.htm 最後瀏覽日2018/07/208. http://www.ndrc.gov.cn/gzdt/201712/W020171220577386656660.pdf，最後瀏覽日2018/07/209. https://icapcarbonaction.com/en/?option=com_etsmap&task=export&format=pdf&layout=list&systems[]=84 Japan - Saitama Target Setting Emissions Trading System10. ICAP, EMISSION TRADING WORLDWIDE: INTERNATIONAL CARBON ACTION PARTNERSHIP (ICAP) STATUS REPORT 2015。https://icapcarbonaction.com/images/StatusReport2015/ICAP_Report_2015_02_10_online_version.pdf，最後瀏覽日期: 2018/07/2011. International Carbon Action Partnership ETS BRIEF #3 October 201512. International Institute for Sustainable Development (IISD), Earth Negotiations Bulletin – COP 21, December, 2015.13. Lauren Carasik, “Paris climate change accord is just the beginning”, December 15, 2015.14. LUCAS MERRILL BROWN, ALEX HANAFI & ANNIE PETSONK, THE EU EMISSION TRADING SYSTEM: RESULTS AND LESSONS LEARNED 6-7 (2009)，https://www.edf.org/sites/default/files/EU_ETS_Lessons_Learned_Report_EDF.pdf，最後瀏覽日：2018/07/2015. RALF MARTIN, MIRABELLE MUÛLS & ULRICH WAGNER, AN EVIDENCE REVIEW OF THE EU EMISSION TRADING SYSTEM, FOCUSING ON EFFECTIVENESS OF THE SYSTEM IN DRIVING INDUSTRY ABATEMENT 6-7 (2012)，https://www.gov.uk/government/uploads/system/uploads/attachment_data/file/48449/5725-an-evidence-review-of-the-eu-emissions-trading-sys.pdf，最後瀏覽日：2018/07/2016. Ricardo Bayon, Amanda Hawn & Katherine Hamilton, Voluntary Carbon Markets: An International Business Guide to What They Are and How they Work, 55-62 (2007).17. STEFAN E. WEISHAAR, EMISSIONS TRADING DESIGN: A CRITICAL OVERVIEW, 21 (2014).18. STEFAN E. WEISHAAR, TOWARDS AUCTIONING: THE TRANSFORMATION OF THE EUROPEAN GREENHOUSE GAS EMISSIONS TRADING SYSTEM: PRESENT AND FUTURE CHALLENGES TO COMPETITION LAW 9 (2009).19. UNFCCC, “Historic Paris Agreement on Climate Change”, December 12, 2015.20. UNFCCC, Report of the Conference of the Parties Serving as the Meeting of the Parties to the Kyoto Protocol on its first session, held at Montreal from 28 November to 10 December 2005, Addendum, Part Two: Action taken by the Parties Serving as the Meeting of the Parties to the Kyoto Protocol, Decision 11/CMP1, Modalities, rules and guidelines for emission trading under Article 17 of Kyoto Protocol, FCCC/KP/CMP/2005/8/Add.2, 頁22 (30 March 2006).21. UNFCCC, Report of the Conference of the Parties Serving as the Meeting of the Parties to the Kyoto Protocol on its first session, held at Montreal from 28 November to 10 December 2005, Addendum, Part Two: Action taken by the Parties Serving as the Meeting of the Parties to the Kyoto Protocol, Decision 13/CMP1, Modalities for accounting of assigned amounts under Article 7, paragraph 4, of the Kyoto Protocol, FCCC/KP/CMP/2005/8/Add.2, 頁23.22. UNFCCC, Report of the Conference of the Parties Serving as the Meeting of the Parties to the Kyoto Protocol on its twentieth session, held in Lima from 1 to 14 December 2013, Addendum, Part two: Action taken by the Conference of the Parties at its twentieth session, Decision 1/CP. 20, Lima Call for Climate Action, FCCC/CP/2014/10/Add.1, 頁2.23. UNFCCC, Report of the Conference of the Parties, Report of the Conference of the Parties on its twenty-first session, held in Paris from 30 November 2015 to 13 December 2015, Addendum, Part two: Action taken by the Conference of the Parties at its twenty-first session, Decision 1/CP.21, Adoption of the Paris Agreement, Annex, Paris Agreement, Article 2, , FCCC/CP/2015/10/Add.1, 頁22.24. United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change, opened for signature May 29, 1992, entered into force March 14 1994. 1771 U.N.T.S. 107; U.N. Doc. A/AC.237/18 (Part II)/Add.1; S. Treaty Doc. No. 102-38; 31 I.L.M. 849 (1992).25. WILLIAM PIZER, CHOOSING PRICE OR QUANTITY CONTROLS FOR GREENHOUSE GASES, 1 (1999), http://www.rff.org/files/sharepoint/WorkImages/Download/RFF-CCIB-17.pdf，最後瀏覽日期：2018/07/1326. WORLD BANK, EMISSION TRADING IN PRACTICE: A HANDBOOK ON DESIGN AND IMPLEMENTATION 3 (2016). zh_TW dc.identifier.doi (DOI) 10.6814/THE.NCCU.LLME.022.2018.F10 en_US
