Publications-Theses
Article View/Open
Publication Export
-
題名 工業4.0之發展模式與關鍵成功因素分析
The Development Model and Key Success Factors of Industry 4.0作者 蘇仕豪 貢獻者 洪為璽
蘇仕豪關鍵詞 工業4.0
製造業
產業轉型
發展模式
關鍵成功因素
Industry 4.0
Manufacturing
Industrial transformation
Development model
Key success factors日期 2018 上傳時間 1-Oct-2018 12:21:56 (UTC+8) 摘要 工業4.0以智慧製造為出發點，能妥善運用生產數據與資訊整合，進行產線的動態彈性調配，且整合式資訊系統亦能使資訊便於流通，使經理人能夠更準確快速進行判斷與決策，加速產品生產流程。然而台灣目前尚未有完整的轉型策略，本論文嘗試以歐洲製造強權的發展經驗，根據其工業4.0實際做法，找出其中的關鍵成功因素，並歸納一套發展模式以供台灣企業借鏡。本論文主要以多重個案比較法，經由建構西門子、艾波比、施耐德電機三間領導企業的工業4.0發展歷史，透過主題式分析，比較其發展的相同因素與相異因素，找出工業4.0發展的關鍵成功因素。經由解析各項因素之間的連結關係，能夠發現工業4.0的發展遵循一套特定的發展模式，在本論文中詳述了各項因素的特點，並解釋因素之間的因果關聯性，最終形成一套完整的發展模型。根據本論文提出的工業4.0發展模式，台灣製造業得以思考企業的發展策略，並建構數位轉型計畫。
Industry 4.0 can use production data and integrated information to make a production line perform dynamically and flexibly. Industry 4.0 can also make information circulate easily and enable managers to make decisions more accurately and rapidly. The production process can be accelerated by those benefits. However, enterprises of Taiwan do not have complete transformation strategies for Industry 4.0 yet. This thesis tries to find out the key success factors and conclude a development model from the cases of European manufacturing enterprises. In this thesis, the development histories of Siemens, ABB and Schneider electric were constructed through multiple cases comparisons. The same and the different factors were compared to find out the key success factors of industry 4.0 development through thematic analysis. By analyzing the links among various factors, it could be found that the development of industry 4.0 follows a specific development model. The characteristics of factors were discussed, and the causal correlation between the factors was explained to form a complete development model. In accordance with the industry 4.0 development model proposed, Taiwan`s manufacturing industry is able to construct the development strategy and transformation plan.參考文獻 中文部分(1)36氪，科技報橘，從德國西門子專訪，看到台灣製造業所缺乏的「高度研發投入」與「創新力量」，上網日期2018年5月27日，檢自：https://buzzorange.com/techorange/2017/04/12/siemens-and-german/(2)大前研一，（1992）。「企業戰略思考」，林傑斌譯。台灣：業強。(3)中山淳史，（2015）。「日本追趕德國工業4.0」。日本經濟新聞中文版，7 月1 日。(4)行政院，(2015) 。「生產力發展方案」。台灣：行政院。(5)西門子台灣官方網站，西門子推出MindSphere開放式工業用雲端，上網日期2018年5月27日，檢自：http://www.siemens.com.tw/dfpd/mindsphere/(6)西門子台灣官方網站，西門子「數位企業」量身打造工業4.0之路，上網日期2018年5月27日，檢自：http://www.siemens.com.tw/dfpd/4-0/(7)西門子企業，(2017)。工業4.0從翻轉製造業開始－生產力╳創新力╳客服力=西門子的數位智能工廠。台灣，商業週刊。(8)西門子企業，(2017)。Mindsphere適用於數位轉型的開放式物聯網雲端作業系統白皮書。台灣，西門子。(9)至頂網，西門子MindSphere推進數字化進程，上網日期2018年5月27日，檢自：https://kknews.cc/tech/vpozq8q.html(10)全球公司智享薈，西門子簡史，上網日期2018年8月15日，檢自：https://read01.com/2GmAz0P.html#.W3q7ydUzZ4k(11)李傑，(2016) 。「工業大數據：工業4.0時代的智慧轉型與價值創新」。台灣：天下雜誌。(12)吳思華，（1984）。「產業特質與企業經營策略關係之研究」，國立政治大學博士論文 。(13)林士蕙，(2015) 。「工業4.0五大要素，重繪未來製造業藍圖-專訪工業4.0作者烏爾里希．森德勒」。台灣：遠見雜誌348期。(14)林蒧均，(2015)。「淺談工業4.0 浪潮下的國際製造業政策」。台灣：經濟前瞻162 期。(15)陳佳安，（2015）。「日本2011015 年製造業白皮書對台灣傳產的啟示」。台灣：金屬中心產業評析。。(16)易皓瑜，數位時代 施耐德電機物聯網平台助企業產能優化，上網日期2018年6月3日，檢自：https://www.nownews.com/news/20180601/2763727(17)韋康博，(2015) 。「工業4.0：從製造業到「智」造業，下一波產業革命如何顛覆全世界？」。台灣，商周出版。(18)施耐德電機台灣官方網站，施耐德電機實現工業4.0發展藍圖，上網日期2018年6月3日，檢自：https://www.eettaiwan.com/news/article/20160615NP23(19)勤業眾信，(2015)。「工業4.0數位化轉型與尖端科技運用之挑戰與解決方案」。台灣：Deloitte勤業眾信。(20)樊晉源，西門子重點智慧製造專利技術分析—以美國市場為例，上網日期2018年5月27日，檢自：https://portal.stpi.narl.org.tw/index/article/10389(21)魏伊伶，雲端服務需求下之資料安全技術發展趨勢，上網日期2018年9月22日，檢自：https://ictjournal.itri.org.tw/Content/Messagess/contents.aspx?MmmID=654304432070702333&MSID=746507432641661124(22)Atkinson，施耐德電機建構EcoStruxure平台架構，提供工業4.0完整解決方案，上網日期2018年6月3日，檢自：https://finance.technews.tw/2017/09/29/schneider-ecostruxure/英文部分(1)Aaker, D.A.(1984),“Strategic Market Management”, New York: Humanities(2)ABB AbilityTM Collaborative Operations, Retrieved June 1 2018, from: https://new.abb.com/process-automation/process-automation/abb-ability/collaborative-operations(3)ABB completes acquisition of B&R, Retrieved June 1 2018, from: https://new.abb.com/news/detail/1797/abb-completes-acquisition-of-br(4)ABB completes acquisition of KEYMILE`s communication networks business, Retrieved June 1 2018, from: https://new.abb.com/news/detail/2079/abb-completes-acquisition-of-keymiles-communication-networks-business(5)ABB reduces operational costs of Italian water company with energy management solution by 30 percent, Retrieved June 1 2018, from: http://news.cision.com/abb/r/abb-reduces-operational-costs-of-italian-water-company-with-energy-management-solution-by-30-percent,c2267337(6)Big future for cyber-physical manufacturing systems, Retrieved May 14 2018, from: https://www.designworldonline.com/big-future-for-cyber-physical-manufacturing-systems/(7)Communication Promoters Group of the Industry-Science Research Alliance, (2013). Securing of Future of German Manufacturing Industry. Recommendations for implementing the strategic intiative INDUSTRIE 4.0. Final Report of the Industrie 4.0 Working Group. Germany：Federal Ministry of Education and Research.(8)Daniel. D. Ronald, (1961). Management Information Crisis. Harvard Business Review, Sep-Oct.(9)Danielle Strong; Michael Kay; Brett Conner; Thomas Wakefield; Guha Manograhan. (2018) Hybrid manufacturing – integrating traditional manufacturers with additive manufacturing (AM) supply chain. Additive Manufacturers Vol.21, May: 159-173(10)Denzin, N.K. & Lincoln Y.S. (2005). “The Sage Handbook of Qualitative Research (3rd ed)”, CA: Sage Publishing.(11)Efficiency checks in at Hilton Hotels Worldwide, Retrieved August 15 2018, from: https://www.schneider-electric.com.au/en/download/document/998-1965259-GMA-US/(12)Eisenhardt K.M. (1989). Building Theories from Case Study Research. The Academy of Management Review Vol.14, No.4: 532-550.(13)Flick, U. (2006).“An Introduction to Qualitative Research”, CA: Sage Publishing.(14)International Federation of Robotics (2017),“Executive Summary World Robotics 2017 Industrial Robots” ,Retrieved August 4 2018, from: https://ifr.org/free-downloads/(15)Japan Ministry of Economy Trade and Industry（2015）,“Through IoT, Japanese factories Connected Together”, METI Journal, May: 4-13.(16)Joe Kaeser,. Simens Vision-2020, Retrieved June 1 2018,from: https://www.siemens.com/investor/pool/en/investor_relations/financial_publications/speeches_and_presentations/q22014/140507_q2_presentation_en.pdf(17)Lee, Jay; Bagheri, Behrad; Kao, Hung-An (2015). A Cyber-Physical Systems architecture for Industry 4.0-based manufacturing systems. Manufacturing Letters. 3: 18-23.(18)Leidecker, J.K., and Bruno A.V. (1984). "Identifying and Using critical Success Factors," Long Range Planning, 17(1): 23-32.(19)Mark Cotteleer and Jim Joyce: 3D opportunity: Additive manufacturing paths to performance, innovation, and growth. Deloitte Review, Issue 14 January 2014.(20)Martin Hollender;Tone Grete Graven;Jeton Partini;Pierre Schäring, (2017). Process Operaton 4.0, Swiss: atp edition,2017,59: 1-7(21)Rockart, John F.,(1981). A Primer on Critical Success Factors. published in The Rise of Managerial Computing: The Best of the Center for Information Systems Research edited with Christine V. Bullen. (Homewood, IL: Dow Jones-Irwin)(22)Rockart, M.,(1990). Corporate Restructuring a Guide to Greating the Premium-valued Company. New York：McGraw-Hill.(23)Roland Berger Strategy Consultants（2014）,“Industry 4.0: The New Industrial Revolution. How Europe will Succeed”, Think Act, March （www.rolandberger.com）.(24)Saaty, T.L.(1980).“The Analytic Hierarchy Process”, New York: McGraw-Hill.(25)Schneider Electric. “Ecostruxure Brochure” , Retrieved July 18 2018, from:https://www.schneider-electric.com/en/download/document/998-19885906_GMA-US_ESX/(26)Siemens adds eMeter,the U.S. meter data specialist, to its smart grid portfolio, Retrieved August 15 2018, from: https://www.siemens.com/press/en/pressrelease/?press=/en/pressrelease/2011/smart-grid/icsg201112003.htm(27)Siemens drives forward its expansion in industrial software: Siemens to acquire U.S. company Vistagy, Inc, Retrieved August 15 2018, from: https://www.siemens.com/press/en/pressrelease/?press=/en/pressrelease/2011/industry/i20111147.htm(28)Siemens drives implementation of Vision 2020 with Mentor Graphics acquisition and Gamesa merger, Retrieved August 15 2018, from: https://www.siemens.com/press/en/pressrelease/?press=/en/pressrelease/2017/corporate/pr2017040257coen.htm(29)Siemens strengthens footprint in Additive Manufacturing, Retrieved August 15 2018, from: https://www.siemens.com/press/en/pressrelease/2016/power-gas/pr2016080358pgen.htm(30)Siemens to Acquire Camstar, Extending Leadership in Industrial Digitalization, Retrieved August 15 2018, from: https://www.plm.automation.siemens.com/en/about_us/newsroom/press/press_release.cfm?Component=231130&ComponentTemplate=822(31)Siemens to acquire TESIS PLMware, further enhancing its industry software portfolio, Retrieved August 15 2018, from: https://www.siemens.com/press/en/pressrelease/?press=/en/pressrelease/2013/industry/i2013123611.htm(32)STAR refinery - Group effort to give STAR facility state-of-the-art systems, Retrieved August 15 2018, from: https://new.abb.com/oil-and-gas/case-studies/refining-and-chemicals/reference_star-refinery(33)Stefan Heng（2014）,“Industry 4.0: Upgrading of Germany`s industrial capabilities on the horizon”, Deutsche Bank Research, April 23.(34)Strauss, A., & Corbin, J. (1990). " Basic of qualitative research : Grounded theory procedures and techniques", Newbury Park: Sage Publishing.(35)Strauss, A., & Corbin, J. (1994). " Grounded theory methodology: An overview",In Denzin, N.K. & Lincoln Y.S.,“Handbook of qualitative research”,Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage Publishing.(36)Taking to the skies - Uninterrupted at Geneva Airport, Retrieved August 15 2018, from: https://www.schneider-electric.com/en/work/campaign/life-is-on/case-study/geneva-airport.jsp(37)The White House（2012）,“President Obama Issues Call to Action to Invest in America at White House "Insourcing AmericanJobs" Forum”, January 1.(38)Tillett, B.B.(1989), “Authority Control in the Online Environment”, New York: Haworth Press .(39)Virginia Braun & Victoria Clarke, (2006).Using thematic analysis in psychology. Qualitative Research in Psychology.Vol.3, Issue.2: 77-101.(40)What is the pricing model of MindSphere? Retrieved August 15 2018, from: https://community.plm.automation.siemens.com/t5/MindSphere-FAQs/What-is-the-pricing-model-of-MindSphere/ta-p/403910(41)Wigginton, John Hagel, John Seely Brown, Maggie Wooll and Preeta Banerjee: The Internet of Things Ecosystem: Unlockingthe Business Value of Connected Devices. Deloitte, 2014(42)WolterM. I., A.M nnig, M. Hummel, C. Schneemann, E.Weber, G Zika, R. Helmrich, T. Maier, C. Neuber-Pohl（2015）,“Industry 4.0 and the Consequences for Labour Market and Economy” , project work of Institute for Employment Research, the Research Institute of the Federal Employment Agency, December.(43)Yin, R. (1984). " Case study research: Design and methods (1st ed.) ", Beverly Hills, CA: Sage Publishing. 描述 碩士
國立政治大學
企業管理研究所(MBA學位學程)
106363038資料來源 http://thesis.lib.nccu.edu.tw/record/#G0106363038 資料類型 thesis dc.contributor.advisor 洪為璽 zh_TW dc.contributor.author (Authors) 蘇仕豪 zh_TW dc.creator (作者) 蘇仕豪 zh_TW dc.date (日期) 2018 en_US dc.date.accessioned 1-Oct-2018 12:21:56 (UTC+8) - dc.date.available 1-Oct-2018 12:21:56 (UTC+8) - dc.date.issued (上傳時間) 1-Oct-2018 12:21:56 (UTC+8) - dc.identifier (Other Identifiers) G0106363038 en_US dc.identifier.uri (URI) http://nccur.lib.nccu.edu.tw/handle/140.119/120326 - dc.description (描述) 碩士 zh_TW dc.description (描述) 國立政治大學 zh_TW dc.description (描述) 企業管理研究所(MBA學位學程) zh_TW dc.description (描述) 106363038 zh_TW dc.description.abstract (摘要) 工業4.0以智慧製造為出發點，能妥善運用生產數據與資訊整合，進行產線的動態彈性調配，且整合式資訊系統亦能使資訊便於流通，使經理人能夠更準確快速進行判斷與決策，加速產品生產流程。然而台灣目前尚未有完整的轉型策略，本論文嘗試以歐洲製造強權的發展經驗，根據其工業4.0實際做法，找出其中的關鍵成功因素，並歸納一套發展模式以供台灣企業借鏡。本論文主要以多重個案比較法，經由建構西門子、艾波比、施耐德電機三間領導企業的工業4.0發展歷史，透過主題式分析，比較其發展的相同因素與相異因素，找出工業4.0發展的關鍵成功因素。經由解析各項因素之間的連結關係，能夠發現工業4.0的發展遵循一套特定的發展模式，在本論文中詳述了各項因素的特點，並解釋因素之間的因果關聯性，最終形成一套完整的發展模型。根據本論文提出的工業4.0發展模式，台灣製造業得以思考企業的發展策略，並建構數位轉型計畫。 zh_TW dc.description.abstract (摘要) Industry 4.0 can use production data and integrated information to make a production line perform dynamically and flexibly. Industry 4.0 can also make information circulate easily and enable managers to make decisions more accurately and rapidly. The production process can be accelerated by those benefits. However, enterprises of Taiwan do not have complete transformation strategies for Industry 4.0 yet. This thesis tries to find out the key success factors and conclude a development model from the cases of European manufacturing enterprises. In this thesis, the development histories of Siemens, ABB and Schneider electric were constructed through multiple cases comparisons. The same and the different factors were compared to find out the key success factors of industry 4.0 development through thematic analysis. By analyzing the links among various factors, it could be found that the development of industry 4.0 follows a specific development model. The characteristics of factors were discussed, and the causal correlation between the factors was explained to form a complete development model. In accordance with the industry 4.0 development model proposed, Taiwan`s manufacturing industry is able to construct the development strategy and transformation plan. en_US dc.description.tableofcontents 第一章 緒論 01第一節 研究背景與動機 01第二節 研究目的與內容 02第三節 研究範圍與限制、方法 03第二章 文獻探討 05第一節 工業4.0之定義與內容 05第二節 虛實整合系統 10第三節 煎蛋模型 13第四節 關鍵成功因素 16第三章 研究設計與方法 20第一節 研究方法 20第二節 研究架構 22第四章 研究結果與分析 24第一節 工業4.0個案公司發展模式 24第二節 工業4.0發展模式建構 39第三節 工業4.0發展模型與關鍵成功因素 45第五章 結論與建議 51第一節 研究結論與貢獻 51第二節 未來建議 53參考文獻 55中文部分 55英文部分 57附錄 文本分析引用來源 63 zh_TW dc.format.extent 1531663 bytes - dc.format.mimetype application/pdf - dc.source.uri (資料來源) http://thesis.lib.nccu.edu.tw/record/#G0106363038 en_US dc.subject (關鍵詞) 工業4.0 zh_TW dc.subject (關鍵詞) 製造業 zh_TW dc.subject (關鍵詞) 產業轉型 zh_TW dc.subject (關鍵詞) 發展模式 zh_TW dc.subject (關鍵詞) 關鍵成功因素 zh_TW dc.subject (關鍵詞) Industry 4.0 en_US dc.subject (關鍵詞) Manufacturing en_US dc.subject (關鍵詞) Industrial transformation en_US dc.subject (關鍵詞) Development model en_US dc.subject (關鍵詞) Key success factors en_US dc.title (題名) 工業4.0之發展模式與關鍵成功因素分析 zh_TW dc.title (題名) The Development Model and Key Success Factors of Industry 4.0 en_US dc.type (資料類型) thesis en_US dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 中文部分(1)36氪，科技報橘，從德國西門子專訪，看到台灣製造業所缺乏的「高度研發投入」與「創新力量」，上網日期2018年5月27日，檢自：https://buzzorange.com/techorange/2017/04/12/siemens-and-german/(2)大前研一，（1992）。「企業戰略思考」，林傑斌譯。台灣：業強。(3)中山淳史，（2015）。「日本追趕德國工業4.0」。日本經濟新聞中文版，7 月1 日。(4)行政院，(2015) 。「生產力發展方案」。台灣：行政院。(5)西門子台灣官方網站，西門子推出MindSphere開放式工業用雲端，上網日期2018年5月27日，檢自：http://www.siemens.com.tw/dfpd/mindsphere/(6)西門子台灣官方網站，西門子「數位企業」量身打造工業4.0之路，上網日期2018年5月27日，檢自：http://www.siemens.com.tw/dfpd/4-0/(7)西門子企業，(2017)。工業4.0從翻轉製造業開始－生產力╳創新力╳客服力=西門子的數位智能工廠。台灣，商業週刊。(8)西門子企業，(2017)。Mindsphere適用於數位轉型的開放式物聯網雲端作業系統白皮書。台灣，西門子。(9)至頂網，西門子MindSphere推進數字化進程，上網日期2018年5月27日，檢自：https://kknews.cc/tech/vpozq8q.html(10)全球公司智享薈，西門子簡史，上網日期2018年8月15日，檢自：https://read01.com/2GmAz0P.html#.W3q7ydUzZ4k(11)李傑，(2016) 。「工業大數據：工業4.0時代的智慧轉型與價值創新」。台灣：天下雜誌。(12)吳思華，（1984）。「產業特質與企業經營策略關係之研究」，國立政治大學博士論文 。(13)林士蕙，(2015) 。「工業4.0五大要素，重繪未來製造業藍圖-專訪工業4.0作者烏爾里希．森德勒」。台灣：遠見雜誌348期。(14)林蒧均，(2015)。「淺談工業4.0 浪潮下的國際製造業政策」。台灣：經濟前瞻162 期。(15)陳佳安，（2015）。「日本2011015 年製造業白皮書對台灣傳產的啟示」。台灣：金屬中心產業評析。。(16)易皓瑜，數位時代 施耐德電機物聯網平台助企業產能優化，上網日期2018年6月3日，檢自：https://www.nownews.com/news/20180601/2763727(17)韋康博，(2015) 。「工業4.0：從製造業到「智」造業，下一波產業革命如何顛覆全世界？」。台灣，商周出版。(18)施耐德電機台灣官方網站，施耐德電機實現工業4.0發展藍圖，上網日期2018年6月3日，檢自：https://www.eettaiwan.com/news/article/20160615NP23(19)勤業眾信，(2015)。「工業4.0數位化轉型與尖端科技運用之挑戰與解決方案」。台灣：Deloitte勤業眾信。(20)樊晉源，西門子重點智慧製造專利技術分析—以美國市場為例，上網日期2018年5月27日，檢自：https://portal.stpi.narl.org.tw/index/article/10389(21)魏伊伶，雲端服務需求下之資料安全技術發展趨勢，上網日期2018年9月22日，檢自：https://ictjournal.itri.org.tw/Content/Messagess/contents.aspx?MmmID=654304432070702333&MSID=746507432641661124(22)Atkinson，施耐德電機建構EcoStruxure平台架構，提供工業4.0完整解決方案，上網日期2018年6月3日，檢自：https://finance.technews.tw/2017/09/29/schneider-ecostruxure/英文部分(1)Aaker, D.A.(1984),“Strategic Market Management”, New York: Humanities(2)ABB AbilityTM Collaborative Operations, Retrieved June 1 2018, from: https://new.abb.com/process-automation/process-automation/abb-ability/collaborative-operations(3)ABB completes acquisition of B&R, Retrieved June 1 2018, from: https://new.abb.com/news/detail/1797/abb-completes-acquisition-of-br(4)ABB completes acquisition of KEYMILE`s communication networks business, Retrieved June 1 2018, from: https://new.abb.com/news/detail/2079/abb-completes-acquisition-of-keymiles-communication-networks-business(5)ABB reduces operational costs of Italian water company with energy management solution by 30 percent, Retrieved June 1 2018, from: http://news.cision.com/abb/r/abb-reduces-operational-costs-of-italian-water-company-with-energy-management-solution-by-30-percent,c2267337(6)Big future for cyber-physical manufacturing systems, Retrieved May 14 2018, from: https://www.designworldonline.com/big-future-for-cyber-physical-manufacturing-systems/(7)Communication Promoters Group of the Industry-Science Research Alliance, (2013). Securing of Future of German Manufacturing Industry. Recommendations for implementing the strategic intiative INDUSTRIE 4.0. Final Report of the Industrie 4.0 Working Group. Germany：Federal Ministry of Education and Research.(8)Daniel. D. Ronald, (1961). Management Information Crisis. Harvard Business Review, Sep-Oct.(9)Danielle Strong; Michael Kay; Brett Conner; Thomas Wakefield; Guha Manograhan. (2018) Hybrid manufacturing – integrating traditional manufacturers with additive manufacturing (AM) supply chain. Additive Manufacturers Vol.21, May: 159-173(10)Denzin, N.K. & Lincoln Y.S. (2005). “The Sage Handbook of Qualitative Research (3rd ed)”, CA: Sage Publishing.(11)Efficiency checks in at Hilton Hotels Worldwide, Retrieved August 15 2018, from: https://www.schneider-electric.com.au/en/download/document/998-1965259-GMA-US/(12)Eisenhardt K.M. (1989). Building Theories from Case Study Research. The Academy of Management Review Vol.14, No.4: 532-550.(13)Flick, U. (2006).“An Introduction to Qualitative Research”, CA: Sage Publishing.(14)International Federation of Robotics (2017),“Executive Summary World Robotics 2017 Industrial Robots” ,Retrieved August 4 2018, from: https://ifr.org/free-downloads/(15)Japan Ministry of Economy Trade and Industry（2015）,“Through IoT, Japanese factories Connected Together”, METI Journal, May: 4-13.(16)Joe Kaeser,. Simens Vision-2020, Retrieved June 1 2018,from: https://www.siemens.com/investor/pool/en/investor_relations/financial_publications/speeches_and_presentations/q22014/140507_q2_presentation_en.pdf(17)Lee, Jay; Bagheri, Behrad; Kao, Hung-An (2015). A Cyber-Physical Systems architecture for Industry 4.0-based manufacturing systems. Manufacturing Letters. 3: 18-23.(18)Leidecker, J.K., and Bruno A.V. (1984). "Identifying and Using critical Success Factors," Long Range Planning, 17(1): 23-32.(19)Mark Cotteleer and Jim Joyce: 3D opportunity: Additive manufacturing paths to performance, innovation, and growth. Deloitte Review, Issue 14 January 2014.(20)Martin Hollender;Tone Grete Graven;Jeton Partini;Pierre Schäring, (2017). Process Operaton 4.0, Swiss: atp edition,2017,59: 1-7(21)Rockart, John F.,(1981). A Primer on Critical Success Factors. published in The Rise of Managerial Computing: The Best of the Center for Information Systems Research edited with Christine V. Bullen. (Homewood, IL: Dow Jones-Irwin)(22)Rockart, M.,(1990). Corporate Restructuring a Guide to Greating the Premium-valued Company. New York：McGraw-Hill.(23)Roland Berger Strategy Consultants（2014）,“Industry 4.0: The New Industrial Revolution. How Europe will Succeed”, Think Act, March （www.rolandberger.com）.(24)Saaty, T.L.(1980).“The Analytic Hierarchy Process”, New York: McGraw-Hill.(25)Schneider Electric. “Ecostruxure Brochure” , Retrieved July 18 2018, from:https://www.schneider-electric.com/en/download/document/998-19885906_GMA-US_ESX/(26)Siemens adds eMeter,the U.S. meter data specialist, to its smart grid portfolio, Retrieved August 15 2018, from: https://www.siemens.com/press/en/pressrelease/?press=/en/pressrelease/2011/smart-grid/icsg201112003.htm(27)Siemens drives forward its expansion in industrial software: Siemens to acquire U.S. company Vistagy, Inc, Retrieved August 15 2018, from: https://www.siemens.com/press/en/pressrelease/?press=/en/pressrelease/2011/industry/i20111147.htm(28)Siemens drives implementation of Vision 2020 with Mentor Graphics acquisition and Gamesa merger, Retrieved August 15 2018, from: https://www.siemens.com/press/en/pressrelease/?press=/en/pressrelease/2017/corporate/pr2017040257coen.htm(29)Siemens strengthens footprint in Additive Manufacturing, Retrieved August 15 2018, from: https://www.siemens.com/press/en/pressrelease/2016/power-gas/pr2016080358pgen.htm(30)Siemens to Acquire Camstar, Extending Leadership in Industrial Digitalization, Retrieved August 15 2018, from: https://www.plm.automation.siemens.com/en/about_us/newsroom/press/press_release.cfm?Component=231130&ComponentTemplate=822(31)Siemens to acquire TESIS PLMware, further enhancing its industry software portfolio, Retrieved August 15 2018, from: https://www.siemens.com/press/en/pressrelease/?press=/en/pressrelease/2013/industry/i2013123611.htm(32)STAR refinery - Group effort to give STAR facility state-of-the-art systems, Retrieved August 15 2018, from: https://new.abb.com/oil-and-gas/case-studies/refining-and-chemicals/reference_star-refinery(33)Stefan Heng（2014）,“Industry 4.0: Upgrading of Germany`s industrial capabilities on the horizon”, Deutsche Bank Research, April 23.(34)Strauss, A., & Corbin, J. (1990). " Basic of qualitative research : Grounded theory procedures and techniques", Newbury Park: Sage Publishing.(35)Strauss, A., & Corbin, J. (1994). " Grounded theory methodology: An overview",In Denzin, N.K. & Lincoln Y.S.,“Handbook of qualitative research”,Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage Publishing.(36)Taking to the skies - Uninterrupted at Geneva Airport, Retrieved August 15 2018, from: https://www.schneider-electric.com/en/work/campaign/life-is-on/case-study/geneva-airport.jsp(37)The White House（2012）,“President Obama Issues Call to Action to Invest in America at White House "Insourcing AmericanJobs" Forum”, January 1.(38)Tillett, B.B.(1989), “Authority Control in the Online Environment”, New York: Haworth Press .(39)Virginia Braun & Victoria Clarke, (2006).Using thematic analysis in psychology. Qualitative Research in Psychology.Vol.3, Issue.2: 77-101.(40)What is the pricing model of MindSphere? Retrieved August 15 2018, from: https://community.plm.automation.siemens.com/t5/MindSphere-FAQs/What-is-the-pricing-model-of-MindSphere/ta-p/403910(41)Wigginton, John Hagel, John Seely Brown, Maggie Wooll and Preeta Banerjee: The Internet of Things Ecosystem: Unlockingthe Business Value of Connected Devices. Deloitte, 2014(42)WolterM. I., A.M nnig, M. Hummel, C. Schneemann, E.Weber, G Zika, R. Helmrich, T. Maier, C. Neuber-Pohl（2015）,“Industry 4.0 and the Consequences for Labour Market and Economy” , project work of Institute for Employment Research, the Research Institute of the Federal Employment Agency, December.(43)Yin, R. (1984). " Case study research: Design and methods (1st ed.) ", Beverly Hills, CA: Sage Publishing. zh_TW dc.identifier.doi (DOI) 10.6814/THE.NCCU.MBA.082.2018.F08 en_US
