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題名 自由貿易協定下中小企業貿易問題與規範趨勢
Regulatory Trend and Trade-Related Issues of SMEs under Free Trade Agreement作者 蘇郁淳
Su, Yu-Chun貢獻者 楊培侃
Yang, Pei-Kan
蘇郁淳
Su, Yu-Chun關鍵詞 中小企業
自由貿易協定
世界貿易組織
SMEs
WTO
FTA日期 2018 上傳時間 9-Nov-2018 15:44:30 (UTC+8) 摘要 中小企業是全球經濟的骨幹，同時也為許多國家創造了大量就業機會與可觀的GDP收入，擁有不輸大型企業的發展潛力，成為經濟驅動者的同時也帶來了創新創意的動能。在國際化的歷程中，中小企業逐漸從國內市場出走至海外發展，然而在國內表現亮眼的中小企業從事國際貿易時卻面臨到嚴峻的挑戰，可能的原因有海外市場資訊不夠公開、將貨物出口至其他國家時遇到過於繁瑣的海關程序、無法於第一時間得知外國法規變更、資金融通不易等問題，造成中小企業需要耗費更多成本來因應這些難題，無形間增加中小企業進一步發展的挑戰與壓力。為處理中小企業在國際貿易上遇到的問題，本文除討論WTO的多邊貿易協定與近期部長會議進展外，將著重於探討雙邊或區域自由貿易協定對中小企業的規範發展。尤其在多邊架構停滯下，相對蓬勃發展的雙邊或區域自由貿易協定與晚近的巨型貿易協定，嘗試為中小企業創造一個友善發展的商業環境，以增加中小企業在國際貿易中的參與度與滲透率。但自由貿易協定有關中小企業之規範，其涵蓋性與有效性是否真能解決中小企業之跨國貿易問題，仍值得進一步商榷，因此，若要全面性針對中小企業問題有所因應與規範，仍須回歸WTO層次處理之。世界各國對於中小企業都有規定輔導政策，而歐盟有關中小企業的規範更是全面，且隨環境變化與時間發展做出相對應的政策方針。在台灣，中小企業為我國經濟發展的支柱，在亞洲金融風暴時中小企業善用本身規模小且靈活的優勢，帶領台灣經濟走過狀況最為惡劣之時期，本文最後以歐盟政策作為借鏡，對台灣的中小企業輔導政策做出政策性建議，以期使台灣的中小企業發展更為活躍。
Small and medium-sized enterprises are the main lifeblood of the global economy. At the same time, they have created numerous employment opportunities and considerable GDP income for many countries. SMEs have the potential to develop compared to large companies, and they also bring the dynamism of innovative ideas while becoming an economic driver. In the course of internationalization, SMEs have gradually evolved from the domestic market to overseas development. However, SMEs with outstanding performance in Taiwan face serious challenges when they engage in international trade. The possible reasons for the above situation are that the overseas market information is not openly available, the customs procedures that are too cumbersome to export goods to other countries efficiently, the inability to know the changes of foreign regulations as early as they are promulgated, the difficulty in financing the funds, etc. It costs more to meet these challenges. These problems invisibly increase the challenges and difficulties for the further development of SMEs.In order to deal with and solve the problems encountered by SMEs in international trade, this study will focus on exploring the normative development of SMEs in bilateral trade or regional free trade agreements, in addition to discussing the WTO`s multilateral trade agreement and recent ministerial meeting progress. In particular, under the stagnation of the multilateral structure, relatively vigorous bilateral or regional free trade agreements and recent giant trade agreements are also trying to create a friendly business environment for SMEs in order to increase more opportunities for SMEs’ engagement in international trade. However, these SMEs provisions in FTAs may not be effective enough to comprehensively address the problems the SMEs face in the cross-border trade.. It is still worthwhile to discuss further whether the effect is not mandatory or only some members are subject to their obligations. Therefore, the WTO could be a more proper forum to comprehensively address trade-related problems of small and medium-sized enterprises.All countries in the world have a counseling policy for SMEs, and the EU`s specifications on SMEs are more comprehensive, and the corresponding policy guidelines are made with the evolution of time and circumstances. In Taiwan, SMEs are the backbone of Taiwan`s economic development. In the Asian financial turmoil, SMEs used their small and flexible advantages to lead Taiwan`s economic success through the worst conditions. At the end of the study, the EU policy was used as a mirror to make policy recommendations for Taiwan`s SMEs counseling policy, with a view to making Taiwan`s SMEs more active in world trade參考文獻 中文參考資料書籍林彩瑜， WTO制度與實務，二版（2013年）。羅昌發，國際貿易法，二版（2010年）。期刊論文汪震亞，2017年，歐盟中小企業協助措施之發展，經濟研究第17期，頁241-272。趙文衡，2008年，台灣與日本中小企業發展變遷之比較研究，臺灣經濟金融月刊，第四十四卷第一期。博碩士學位論文宋柏霆，「論自由貿易協定中電子商務條款之規範-以歐盟、美國及亞太區域為中心」，國立政治大學，國際經營與貿易研究所碩士論文，2016年。林佳儀，「中小企業之組織型態與法律架構—以資金籌措為中心」，國立成功大學法律學系研究所碩士論文，2017年。網際網路2017佈局x創新經濟，中小企業趨勢論壇， 2017年9月20日，檢自：https://www.moeasmea.gov.tw/ct.asp?xItem=14605&ctNode=724&mp=1Tim Ferry，「五加二」產業創新計劃，民國106年5月8日，檢自：https://topics.amcham.com.tw/2017/05/%E3%80%8C%E4%BA%94%E5%8A%A0%E4%BA%8C%E3%80%8D%E7%94%A2%E6%A5%AD%E5%89%B5%E6%96%B0%E8%A8%88%E7%95%AB/ 小型企業創新研發計畫(SBIR) 申請須知，經濟部中小企業處，民國106年4月25日，檢自：http://www.sbir.org.tw/download/home/SBIR%E7%94%B3%E8%AB%8B%E9%A0%88%E7%9F%A5.pdf 中小企業不再週轉不靈！立委提案立專法，交易貨款 30 天內付款完畢，科技報橘，民國107年3月13日，檢自：https://buzzorange.com/techorange/2018/03/13/you-should-pay-in-30-days/中小企業搶進海外商機，107年度中小企業拓展新南向市場計畫推廣說明會， 2018年1月29日，檢自：https://www.moeasmea.gov.tw/ct.asp?xItem=14886&ctNode=724&mp=1日本中小企業概況，中小企業商業媒合服務網，檢自：http://www.technomart.org.tw/files/1234/6390FF74-BF4A-4720-BB14-EF47CEB7AFEC 台灣的競爭力! 中小企業的創業與國際化，政大商評網，檢自：http://nccubr.nccu.edu.tw/article.php?aid=67&mid=27玉山新創信保專案，檢自：https://www.esunbank.com.tw/bank/small-business 吳玉瑩、許裕佳，擴大資訊科技協定（ITA II）進展與對我國之意義，中華經濟研究院WTO及RTA中心，2014年11月27日，檢自：http://web.wtocenter.org.tw/Page.aspx?pid=257291&nid=15665杜巧霞，區域貿易協定快速發展，WTO需要加速改革，中華經濟研究院WTO及RTA中心，2015年10月15日，檢自：http://web.wtocenter.org.tw/Page.aspx?pid=270762&nid=73亞洲．矽谷計畫執行中心正式揭牌，新創圓夢網，民國106年1月13日，https://sme.moeasmea.gov.tw/startup/modules/news/?sId=334前瞻基礎建設計畫–普及智慧城鄉生活應用計畫」–擴大行動支付普及應用服務補助計畫第1次指導會議通過補助14項計畫，經濟部中小企業處，民國107年6月21日。政府採購簡介，經濟部中小企業處，檢自https://www.smcps.org.tw/plan_2.php陳一姍，四億人的零錢 堆出馬雲的金融帝國，天下雜誌577期，2015年7月21日，https://www.cw.com.tw/article/article.action?id=5069389新南向政策專區，經濟部國貿局，https://www.newsouthboundpolicy.tw/QA.aspx?AspxAutoDetectCookieSupport=1數位國家·創新經濟發展方案核定本 (2017-2025年)。數位國家‧創新經濟發展方案，行政院，民國105年12月20日， https://www.ey.gov.tw/Page/5A8A0CB5B41DA11E/f4d3319a-e2d7-4a8b-8b55-26c936804b5b鄭昀欣，美日就TPP汽車議題談判仍未達成共識，中華經濟研究院WTO及RTA中心，2015年7月30日，檢自：http://web.wtocenter.org.tw/Page.aspx?nid=481&pid=267308顏慧欣，跨太平洋夥伴全面進步協定（CPTPP）：由來、意涵及前景，中華經濟研究院WTO及RTA中心，2018年1月11日，檢自：http://web.wtocenter.org.tw/Page.aspx?nid=126&pid=302485英文專書論文Coen, David et. al, The Oxford Handbook of Business and Government (2011).Thilo Rensmann, Small and Medium-Sized Enterprises in International Economic Law, in SME Provisions in Trade Agreements and the Case of TTIP 169 (Martina Lodrant and Lucian Cernat, 2017).期刊Hannah, Erin et. al, The WTO in Buenos Aires: The outcome and its significance for the future of the multilateral trading system, THE WORLD ECONOMY (2018).Kitsuron Sangsuvan, Small Businesses in the WTO: Small Fish in a Big Pond or Globalization 3.0, 23 Mich. 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國立政治大學
國際經營與貿易學系
105351050資料來源 http://thesis.lib.nccu.edu.tw/record/#G0105351050 資料類型 thesis dc.contributor.advisor 楊培侃 zh_TW dc.contributor.advisor Yang, Pei-Kan en_US dc.contributor.author (Authors) 蘇郁淳 zh_TW dc.contributor.author (Authors) Su, Yu-Chun en_US dc.creator (作者) 蘇郁淳 zh_TW dc.creator (作者) Su, Yu-Chun en_US dc.date (日期) 2018 en_US dc.date.accessioned 9-Nov-2018 15:44:30 (UTC+8) - dc.date.available 9-Nov-2018 15:44:30 (UTC+8) - dc.date.issued (上傳時間) 9-Nov-2018 15:44:30 (UTC+8) - dc.identifier (Other Identifiers) G0105351050 en_US dc.identifier.uri (URI) http://nccur.lib.nccu.edu.tw/handle/140.119/120874 - dc.description (描述) 碩士 zh_TW dc.description (描述) 國立政治大學 zh_TW dc.description (描述) 國際經營與貿易學系 zh_TW dc.description (描述) 105351050 zh_TW dc.description.abstract (摘要) 中小企業是全球經濟的骨幹，同時也為許多國家創造了大量就業機會與可觀的GDP收入，擁有不輸大型企業的發展潛力，成為經濟驅動者的同時也帶來了創新創意的動能。在國際化的歷程中，中小企業逐漸從國內市場出走至海外發展，然而在國內表現亮眼的中小企業從事國際貿易時卻面臨到嚴峻的挑戰，可能的原因有海外市場資訊不夠公開、將貨物出口至其他國家時遇到過於繁瑣的海關程序、無法於第一時間得知外國法規變更、資金融通不易等問題，造成中小企業需要耗費更多成本來因應這些難題，無形間增加中小企業進一步發展的挑戰與壓力。為處理中小企業在國際貿易上遇到的問題，本文除討論WTO的多邊貿易協定與近期部長會議進展外，將著重於探討雙邊或區域自由貿易協定對中小企業的規範發展。尤其在多邊架構停滯下，相對蓬勃發展的雙邊或區域自由貿易協定與晚近的巨型貿易協定，嘗試為中小企業創造一個友善發展的商業環境，以增加中小企業在國際貿易中的參與度與滲透率。但自由貿易協定有關中小企業之規範，其涵蓋性與有效性是否真能解決中小企業之跨國貿易問題，仍值得進一步商榷，因此，若要全面性針對中小企業問題有所因應與規範，仍須回歸WTO層次處理之。世界各國對於中小企業都有規定輔導政策，而歐盟有關中小企業的規範更是全面，且隨環境變化與時間發展做出相對應的政策方針。在台灣，中小企業為我國經濟發展的支柱，在亞洲金融風暴時中小企業善用本身規模小且靈活的優勢，帶領台灣經濟走過狀況最為惡劣之時期，本文最後以歐盟政策作為借鏡，對台灣的中小企業輔導政策做出政策性建議，以期使台灣的中小企業發展更為活躍。 zh_TW dc.description.abstract (摘要) Small and medium-sized enterprises are the main lifeblood of the global economy. At the same time, they have created numerous employment opportunities and considerable GDP income for many countries. SMEs have the potential to develop compared to large companies, and they also bring the dynamism of innovative ideas while becoming an economic driver. In the course of internationalization, SMEs have gradually evolved from the domestic market to overseas development. However, SMEs with outstanding performance in Taiwan face serious challenges when they engage in international trade. The possible reasons for the above situation are that the overseas market information is not openly available, the customs procedures that are too cumbersome to export goods to other countries efficiently, the inability to know the changes of foreign regulations as early as they are promulgated, the difficulty in financing the funds, etc. It costs more to meet these challenges. These problems invisibly increase the challenges and difficulties for the further development of SMEs.In order to deal with and solve the problems encountered by SMEs in international trade, this study will focus on exploring the normative development of SMEs in bilateral trade or regional free trade agreements, in addition to discussing the WTO`s multilateral trade agreement and recent ministerial meeting progress. In particular, under the stagnation of the multilateral structure, relatively vigorous bilateral or regional free trade agreements and recent giant trade agreements are also trying to create a friendly business environment for SMEs in order to increase more opportunities for SMEs’ engagement in international trade. However, these SMEs provisions in FTAs may not be effective enough to comprehensively address the problems the SMEs face in the cross-border trade.. It is still worthwhile to discuss further whether the effect is not mandatory or only some members are subject to their obligations. Therefore, the WTO could be a more proper forum to comprehensively address trade-related problems of small and medium-sized enterprises.All countries in the world have a counseling policy for SMEs, and the EU`s specifications on SMEs are more comprehensive, and the corresponding policy guidelines are made with the evolution of time and circumstances. In Taiwan, SMEs are the backbone of Taiwan`s economic development. In the Asian financial turmoil, SMEs used their small and flexible advantages to lead Taiwan`s economic success through the worst conditions. At the end of the study, the EU policy was used as a mirror to make policy recommendations for Taiwan`s SMEs counseling policy, with a view to making Taiwan`s SMEs more active in world trade en_US dc.description.tableofcontents 第一章 緒論 4第一節 研究背景與動機 4第二節 研究方法與範圍 5第三節 研究架構 6第二章 中小企業在全球貿易的重要性與面臨之貿易障礙 7第一節 中小企業之定義 7第二節 中小企業對國家經濟成長之重要性 13第三節 中小企業面臨之貿易障礙與挑戰 14第四節 WTO對中小企業議題之討論 23第三章 自由貿易協定下之中小企業相關規範分析 33第一節 自由貿易協定與中小企業議題之關係 33第二節 自由貿易協定中小企業規範之演進 34第三節 自由貿易協定中小企業規範之內容與類型 36第四節 自由貿易協定中小企業規範之效益與侷限性 55第四章 自由貿易協定趨勢下我國之中小企業政策：以歐盟為借鏡 62第一節 歐盟之中小企業政策與發展 62第二節 我國對中小企業之政策與規範 68第三節 我國中小企業相關政策之檢討與建議 75第五章 結論 78參考文獻 80 zh_TW dc.format.extent 1981434 bytes - dc.format.mimetype application/pdf - dc.source.uri (資料來源) http://thesis.lib.nccu.edu.tw/record/#G0105351050 en_US dc.subject (關鍵詞) 中小企業 zh_TW dc.subject (關鍵詞) 自由貿易協定 zh_TW dc.subject (關鍵詞) 世界貿易組織 zh_TW dc.subject (關鍵詞) SMEs en_US dc.subject (關鍵詞) WTO en_US dc.subject (關鍵詞) FTA en_US dc.title (題名) 自由貿易協定下中小企業貿易問題與規範趨勢 zh_TW dc.title (題名) Regulatory Trend and Trade-Related Issues of SMEs under Free Trade Agreement en_US dc.type (資料類型) thesis en_US dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 中文參考資料書籍林彩瑜， WTO制度與實務，二版（2013年）。羅昌發，國際貿易法，二版（2010年）。期刊論文汪震亞，2017年，歐盟中小企業協助措施之發展，經濟研究第17期，頁241-272。趙文衡，2008年，台灣與日本中小企業發展變遷之比較研究，臺灣經濟金融月刊，第四十四卷第一期。博碩士學位論文宋柏霆，「論自由貿易協定中電子商務條款之規範-以歐盟、美國及亞太區域為中心」，國立政治大學，國際經營與貿易研究所碩士論文，2016年。林佳儀，「中小企業之組織型態與法律架構—以資金籌措為中心」，國立成功大學法律學系研究所碩士論文，2017年。網際網路2017佈局x創新經濟，中小企業趨勢論壇， 2017年9月20日，檢自：https://www.moeasmea.gov.tw/ct.asp?xItem=14605&ctNode=724&mp=1Tim Ferry，「五加二」產業創新計劃，民國106年5月8日，檢自：https://topics.amcham.com.tw/2017/05/%E3%80%8C%E4%BA%94%E5%8A%A0%E4%BA%8C%E3%80%8D%E7%94%A2%E6%A5%AD%E5%89%B5%E6%96%B0%E8%A8%88%E7%95%AB/ 小型企業創新研發計畫(SBIR) 申請須知，經濟部中小企業處，民國106年4月25日，檢自：http://www.sbir.org.tw/download/home/SBIR%E7%94%B3%E8%AB%8B%E9%A0%88%E7%9F%A5.pdf 中小企業不再週轉不靈！立委提案立專法，交易貨款 30 天內付款完畢，科技報橘，民國107年3月13日，檢自：https://buzzorange.com/techorange/2018/03/13/you-should-pay-in-30-days/中小企業搶進海外商機，107年度中小企業拓展新南向市場計畫推廣說明會， 2018年1月29日，檢自：https://www.moeasmea.gov.tw/ct.asp?xItem=14886&ctNode=724&mp=1日本中小企業概況，中小企業商業媒合服務網，檢自：http://www.technomart.org.tw/files/1234/6390FF74-BF4A-4720-BB14-EF47CEB7AFEC 台灣的競爭力! 中小企業的創業與國際化，政大商評網，檢自：http://nccubr.nccu.edu.tw/article.php?aid=67&mid=27玉山新創信保專案，檢自：https://www.esunbank.com.tw/bank/small-business 吳玉瑩、許裕佳，擴大資訊科技協定（ITA II）進展與對我國之意義，中華經濟研究院WTO及RTA中心，2014年11月27日，檢自：http://web.wtocenter.org.tw/Page.aspx?pid=257291&nid=15665杜巧霞，區域貿易協定快速發展，WTO需要加速改革，中華經濟研究院WTO及RTA中心，2015年10月15日，檢自：http://web.wtocenter.org.tw/Page.aspx?pid=270762&nid=73亞洲．矽谷計畫執行中心正式揭牌，新創圓夢網，民國106年1月13日，https://sme.moeasmea.gov.tw/startup/modules/news/?sId=334前瞻基礎建設計畫–普及智慧城鄉生活應用計畫」–擴大行動支付普及應用服務補助計畫第1次指導會議通過補助14項計畫，經濟部中小企業處，民國107年6月21日。政府採購簡介，經濟部中小企業處，檢自https://www.smcps.org.tw/plan_2.php陳一姍，四億人的零錢 堆出馬雲的金融帝國，天下雜誌577期，2015年7月21日，https://www.cw.com.tw/article/article.action?id=5069389新南向政策專區，經濟部國貿局，https://www.newsouthboundpolicy.tw/QA.aspx?AspxAutoDetectCookieSupport=1數位國家·創新經濟發展方案核定本 (2017-2025年)。數位國家‧創新經濟發展方案，行政院，民國105年12月20日， https://www.ey.gov.tw/Page/5A8A0CB5B41DA11E/f4d3319a-e2d7-4a8b-8b55-26c936804b5b鄭昀欣，美日就TPP汽車議題談判仍未達成共識，中華經濟研究院WTO及RTA中心，2015年7月30日，檢自：http://web.wtocenter.org.tw/Page.aspx?nid=481&pid=267308顏慧欣，跨太平洋夥伴全面進步協定（CPTPP）：由來、意涵及前景，中華經濟研究院WTO及RTA中心，2018年1月11日，檢自：http://web.wtocenter.org.tw/Page.aspx?nid=126&pid=302485英文專書論文Coen, David et. al, The Oxford Handbook of Business and Government (2011).Thilo Rensmann, Small and Medium-Sized Enterprises in International Economic Law, in SME Provisions in Trade Agreements and the Case of TTIP 169 (Martina Lodrant and Lucian Cernat, 2017).期刊Hannah, Erin et. al, The WTO in Buenos Aires: The outcome and its significance for the future of the multilateral trading system, THE WORLD ECONOMY (2018).Kitsuron Sangsuvan, Small Businesses in the WTO: Small Fish in a Big Pond or Globalization 3.0, 23 Mich. 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