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題名 競爭法的數位紀元－論數位平台資訊力對競爭法適用之影響
The digital epoch of competition law—discussion on the influence of digital platform information power on the application of competition law作者 邱映曦
Chiu, Ying-Hsi貢獻者 吳秀明
邱映曦
Chiu, Ying-Hsi關鍵詞 數位平台
網路平台
大數據
平台經濟
雙邊市場
多邊市場
資訊力
資料競爭
演算法
人工智慧
競爭法
公平交易法
競爭政策
隱私保護
歐盟一般資料保護規則
Digital platform
Online platform
Big data
Platform economy
Two-sided market
Multi-sided market
Information power
Data competition
Algorithm
Artificial intelligence(AI)
Competition law
Fair Trade Act
Competition policy
Privacy protection
GDPR日期 2019 上傳時間 4-Mar-2019 22:02:12 (UTC+8) 摘要 在大數據發展環境下，數位平台基於其資訊匯集地位，以及強大的演算法運用及資料分析能力，壯大與鞏固其在市場競爭的優勢及地位。資訊力伴隨數位平台的市場特性，使得牽涉資料驅動的數位平台競爭個案於競爭法的適用上產生相當的疑問，也引發國際組織及部分國家對於數位平台資訊力引發的競爭法制議題展開探討，藉由個案的累積開始逐步進行法制政策面因應的評估，其中並以歐盟相關案例的發展最為成熟。國內公平交易法制對於數位平台資訊力影響之因應，尚未形成具體的法制政策方向，亦尚未對此一議題涉及之問題進行系統化的整理。故本論文試圖以歐盟晚近涉及數位平台資訊力之相關精選案例作為實務探討的核心，佐以蒐整國際法制現下主要的研議方向與內涵，以競爭法限制競爭基本態樣之獨占、結合與聯合行為作為區隔，探討資料驅動之數位平台競爭於不同執法態樣所產生的競爭法適用問題與法制政策因應可能的方向與重點。本論文於第一章針對本研究相關背景資訊進行初步介紹後，於第二章針對數位平台的定義及特性進行精簡的說明。第三章開始正式進入資訊力的探討，針對平台資訊力的定義以及其對市場競爭之影響加以分析。第四章則先探討資料驅動之數位平台在市場界定之問題及可採用的方式，再以歐盟對於Google濫用市場支配地位之系列執法為導引，進行執法與法規調適的討論。第五章則以歐盟精選數位平台結合案例為核心，搭配德國限制競爭防止法對數位平台議題的修法及日本、新加坡法制政策面的整理，提出資料驅動數位平台結合於法制規範及執法上應關注之重點。其中並包括隱私/資料保護議題與競爭法執法之關聯及納入審查之必要性的討論。第六章就數位平台運用演算法對市場競爭之影響，及其衍生之勾結行為與執法困境加以探究，搭配德國、日本以及經濟合作暨發展組織(OECD)就相關法制方向的研議，進行法制政策因應方向的探討。
In the development environment of big data, digital platforms strengthen their competitive advantages and consolidate their market positions on the basis of their roles in information gathering and capability of algorithm implementation and data analysis. The interplay between the market characteristics and information power of digital platforms has caused considerable doubts about the application of competition law to cases relating to data-driven digital platforms. It has also led several international organizations and some countries to discuss and look into competition law issues caused by platform information power. Through the accumulation of cases, the assessments of competition law and policy are gradually carried out by competent authorities of these international organizations and countries, among which cases launched by the European Union (EU) are the most developed at this time.The direction and concept of development of legal policy for the competition issues relating to digital platform information power has not specified yet in the domestic fair-trade legal system. Therefore, this thesis attempts to investigate and deliberate the leading competition cases of data-driven digital platforms in the EU during recent years, and simultaneously to explore and analyze the current main developments of international legal policy. These issues are discussed separately regarding the fundamental types of restrictive competition, including monopolistic position, merger and concerted action, in particular to consider the direction and emphasis of the competition law and policy for data-driven digital platforms.After introducing the background of the research, this thesis briefly explains the definition and market characteristics of digital platforms in Chapter 2 and discusses the relationship between information power and digital platform competition in Chapter 3. Chapter 4 explores the problem of market definition of data-driven digital platforms and then looks into the EU’s cases against Google’s abuse of market dominance as a basis for a further discussion on law enforcement and regulatory adjustments. Chapter 5 studies the selected EU’s digital platform merger cases, in combination with the legislative development of German competition law and official competition policy researches in Japan and Singapore, to indicate the key points that should be paid attention to in the legal system and law enforcement. It also includes a short discussion about the connection between privacy/data protection issues and competition law enforcement. Chapter 6 examines issues relating to the implementation of algorithms in digital platforms, especially the problem of tacit collusion and the dilemma of law enforcement. It then provides an overview of the relevant legal policy researches in Germany and Japan as well as by the Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) over the impact of algorithms used by digital platforms. 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國立政治大學
法律學系
98651506資料來源 http://thesis.lib.nccu.edu.tw/record/#G0098651506 資料類型 thesis dc.contributor.advisor 吳秀明 zh_TW dc.contributor.author (Authors) 邱映曦 zh_TW dc.contributor.author (Authors) Chiu, Ying-Hsi en_US dc.creator (作者) 邱映曦 zh_TW dc.creator (作者) Chiu, Ying-Hsi en_US dc.date (日期) 2019 en_US dc.date.accessioned 4-Mar-2019 22:02:12 (UTC+8) - dc.date.available 4-Mar-2019 22:02:12 (UTC+8) - dc.date.issued (上傳時間) 4-Mar-2019 22:02:12 (UTC+8) - dc.identifier (Other Identifiers) G0098651506 en_US dc.identifier.uri (URI) http://nccur.lib.nccu.edu.tw/handle/140.119/122399 - dc.description (描述) 博士 zh_TW dc.description (描述) 國立政治大學 zh_TW dc.description (描述) 法律學系 zh_TW dc.description (描述) 98651506 zh_TW dc.description.abstract (摘要) 在大數據發展環境下，數位平台基於其資訊匯集地位，以及強大的演算法運用及資料分析能力，壯大與鞏固其在市場競爭的優勢及地位。資訊力伴隨數位平台的市場特性，使得牽涉資料驅動的數位平台競爭個案於競爭法的適用上產生相當的疑問，也引發國際組織及部分國家對於數位平台資訊力引發的競爭法制議題展開探討，藉由個案的累積開始逐步進行法制政策面因應的評估，其中並以歐盟相關案例的發展最為成熟。國內公平交易法制對於數位平台資訊力影響之因應，尚未形成具體的法制政策方向，亦尚未對此一議題涉及之問題進行系統化的整理。故本論文試圖以歐盟晚近涉及數位平台資訊力之相關精選案例作為實務探討的核心，佐以蒐整國際法制現下主要的研議方向與內涵，以競爭法限制競爭基本態樣之獨占、結合與聯合行為作為區隔，探討資料驅動之數位平台競爭於不同執法態樣所產生的競爭法適用問題與法制政策因應可能的方向與重點。本論文於第一章針對本研究相關背景資訊進行初步介紹後，於第二章針對數位平台的定義及特性進行精簡的說明。第三章開始正式進入資訊力的探討，針對平台資訊力的定義以及其對市場競爭之影響加以分析。第四章則先探討資料驅動之數位平台在市場界定之問題及可採用的方式，再以歐盟對於Google濫用市場支配地位之系列執法為導引，進行執法與法規調適的討論。第五章則以歐盟精選數位平台結合案例為核心，搭配德國限制競爭防止法對數位平台議題的修法及日本、新加坡法制政策面的整理，提出資料驅動數位平台結合於法制規範及執法上應關注之重點。其中並包括隱私/資料保護議題與競爭法執法之關聯及納入審查之必要性的討論。第六章就數位平台運用演算法對市場競爭之影響，及其衍生之勾結行為與執法困境加以探究，搭配德國、日本以及經濟合作暨發展組織(OECD)就相關法制方向的研議，進行法制政策因應方向的探討。 zh_TW dc.description.abstract (摘要) In the development environment of big data, digital platforms strengthen their competitive advantages and consolidate their market positions on the basis of their roles in information gathering and capability of algorithm implementation and data analysis. The interplay between the market characteristics and information power of digital platforms has caused considerable doubts about the application of competition law to cases relating to data-driven digital platforms. It has also led several international organizations and some countries to discuss and look into competition law issues caused by platform information power. Through the accumulation of cases, the assessments of competition law and policy are gradually carried out by competent authorities of these international organizations and countries, among which cases launched by the European Union (EU) are the most developed at this time.The direction and concept of development of legal policy for the competition issues relating to digital platform information power has not specified yet in the domestic fair-trade legal system. Therefore, this thesis attempts to investigate and deliberate the leading competition cases of data-driven digital platforms in the EU during recent years, and simultaneously to explore and analyze the current main developments of international legal policy. These issues are discussed separately regarding the fundamental types of restrictive competition, including monopolistic position, merger and concerted action, in particular to consider the direction and emphasis of the competition law and policy for data-driven digital platforms.After introducing the background of the research, this thesis briefly explains the definition and market characteristics of digital platforms in Chapter 2 and discusses the relationship between information power and digital platform competition in Chapter 3. Chapter 4 explores the problem of market definition of data-driven digital platforms and then looks into the EU’s cases against Google’s abuse of market dominance as a basis for a further discussion on law enforcement and regulatory adjustments. Chapter 5 studies the selected EU’s digital platform merger cases, in combination with the legislative development of German competition law and official competition policy researches in Japan and Singapore, to indicate the key points that should be paid attention to in the legal system and law enforcement. It also includes a short discussion about the connection between privacy/data protection issues and competition law enforcement. Chapter 6 examines issues relating to the implementation of algorithms in digital platforms, especially the problem of tacit collusion and the dilemma of law enforcement. It then provides an overview of the relevant legal policy researches in Germany and Japan as well as by the Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) over the impact of algorithms used by digital platforms. Finally, the overall research is concluded in Chapter 7. en_US dc.description.tableofcontents 第一章 緒論 1第一節 研究動機與目的 1第二節 研究範圍 5第三節 研究方法 7第二章 數位平台之定義及特性 9第一節 數位平台之定義與基本型態 9第二節 數位平台之市場特徵 14第三章 資訊力與數位平台競爭之關聯 22第一節 平台資訊力之定義與形成 22第二節 平台匯集之資料類型 28第三節 資訊力對市場競爭之影響 35第四章 平台資訊力與市場獨占地位 55第一節 相關市場界定方式之探討 55第二節 資料驅動數位平台之市場獨占 77第三節 執法及法規調適探討 95第五章 平台資訊力與事業結合 118第一節 歐盟相關案例摘要 118第二節 國際法制配套研議趨勢 167第三節 執法及法規調適探討 183第六章 平台資訊力與聯合行為 213第一節 演算法對數位平台市場競爭之影響 215第二節 演算法於事業勾結行為的角色 216第三節 國際法制政策方向探究 222第四節 執法及法規調適探討 242第七章 結論 253參考文獻 272附錄一、外文縮語表 286附錄二、中文簡稱對照表 287附錄三、參考國際案例列表 288 zh_TW dc.format.extent 2501850 bytes - dc.format.mimetype application/pdf - dc.source.uri (資料來源) http://thesis.lib.nccu.edu.tw/record/#G0098651506 en_US dc.subject (關鍵詞) 數位平台 zh_TW dc.subject (關鍵詞) 網路平台 zh_TW dc.subject (關鍵詞) 大數據 zh_TW dc.subject (關鍵詞) 平台經濟 zh_TW dc.subject (關鍵詞) 雙邊市場 zh_TW dc.subject (關鍵詞) 多邊市場 zh_TW dc.subject (關鍵詞) 資訊力 zh_TW dc.subject (關鍵詞) 資料競爭 zh_TW dc.subject (關鍵詞) 演算法 zh_TW dc.subject (關鍵詞) 人工智慧 zh_TW dc.subject (關鍵詞) 競爭法 zh_TW dc.subject (關鍵詞) 公平交易法 zh_TW dc.subject (關鍵詞) 競爭政策 zh_TW dc.subject (關鍵詞) 隱私保護 zh_TW dc.subject (關鍵詞) 歐盟一般資料保護規則 zh_TW dc.subject (關鍵詞) Digital platform en_US dc.subject (關鍵詞) Online platform en_US dc.subject (關鍵詞) Big data en_US dc.subject (關鍵詞) Platform economy en_US dc.subject (關鍵詞) Two-sided market en_US dc.subject (關鍵詞) Multi-sided market en_US dc.subject (關鍵詞) Information power en_US dc.subject (關鍵詞) Data competition en_US dc.subject (關鍵詞) Algorithm en_US dc.subject (關鍵詞) Artificial intelligence(AI) en_US dc.subject (關鍵詞) Competition law en_US dc.subject (關鍵詞) Fair Trade Act en_US dc.subject (關鍵詞) Competition policy en_US dc.subject (關鍵詞) Privacy protection en_US dc.subject (關鍵詞) GDPR en_US dc.title (題名) 競爭法的數位紀元－論數位平台資訊力對競爭法適用之影響 zh_TW dc.title (題名) The digital epoch of competition law—discussion on the influence of digital platform information power on the application of competition law en_US dc.type (資料類型) thesis en_US dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 壹、中文資料書籍(含外文書之中文譯本)Bernasek, Anna / Mongan, D.T.著，吳慕書譯， (2015)。失控的大數據(All You Can Pay-How Companies Use Our Data to Empty Our Wallets)。臺北市：商周出版。Parker, Geoffrey G. / Van Alstyne, Marshall W. /Choudary, Sangeet Paul著，李芳齡譯，(2016)。平台經濟模式-從啟動、獲利到成長的全方位攻略(Platform Revolution：How networked markets are transforming the economy-and how to make then work for you)。臺北市：天下雜誌。Seth Stephens-Davidowitz 著，陳琇玲譯，(2017)。數據、謊言與真相：Google資料分析師用大數據揭露人們的真面目(Everybody lies: big data, new data, and what the internet can tell us about who we really are)。臺北市：商周出版。古明地正俊/長谷佳明著，林仁惠譯，(2018)。AI人工智慧的現在•未來進行式(AI人工知能まるわかり)。臺北市：遠流出版。陳威如/余卓軒，(2013)。平台革命。臺北市：商周出版。陳威如/王詩一，(2016)。決勝平台時代。臺北市：城邦文化事業股份有限公司-商業周刊。期刊論文/研討會及論文集/學術演講紀錄/學位論文邱映曦，「數位平台市場大數據應用與競爭法—以資料演算法應用之於市場競爭為核心」，科技法律透析，第30卷第5期，頁55~72 (2018)邱映曦，「資訊力對於數位平台市場競爭之影響與國際競爭法制趨勢」，銘傳大學追求高教卓越國際學術研討會：法學新知國際學術研討會論文集，頁135~152 (2018)邱映曦，電子書出版時代的競爭－蘋果 e-book 聯合行為案初探，科技法律透析，第 26 卷第 7期，頁33~38(2014)許曉芬，「歐盟競爭法關於限制競爭協議之研究—以市場界定與市場效果為中心」，公平交易季刊，第25卷第3期，頁1~34 (2017)施錦村、馬泰成、單驥、劉姿汝，「競爭法規範有關事業間交換敏感資訊與聯合行為之研究」，公平交易季刊，第26卷第2期，頁55~114 (2018)陳志民(主講)，「大數據時代下之競爭政策思維與法規範建制」，公平交易通訊第79期，頁1~6 (2018)陳志民，「大數據與市場力濫用行為初探」，公平交易季刊，第26卷第3期，頁1~33(2018)陳韻珊，「訂價演算法與卡特爾」，公平交易通訊第75期，頁18~20 (2017)陳韻珊，「數位時代下的差別待遇行為」，公平交易通訊第78期，頁18~20 (2017)張媛筑，「競爭法上使用者數據之應有定位與可能造成之衝擊」，公平交易季刊，第26卷第4期，頁125~164 (2018)顏雅倫，「雙邊／多邊市場之競爭與創新－論競爭法的因應」，科技法學評論，13 卷1 期，頁219（2016）吳恆安，「競爭法下相關市場界定方法之理論與實務—兼論雙邊市場界定之挑戰」，國立台灣大學經濟學系在職專班碩士論文，2017年02月網際網路LINE Corporation, LINE隱私權政策，上網日期 2018年10月10日，檢自：https://terms.line.me/line_rules?lang=zh-Hant公平交易委員會，公平交易業務相關詞彙，上網日期2018年12月29日，檢自：https://www.ftc.gov.tw/internet/main/doc/docDetail.aspx?uid=459&docid=1459朱麒華, 〈網路蜘蛛與資訊安全〉，國家教育研究院電子報第62期，上網日期 2018年11月21日，檢自：https://epaper.naer.edu.tw/index.php?edm_no=62&content_no=1674何維涓，Airbnb如何提高留客率？星等不準，靠AI分析4百萬家民宿所有評論，才能找出值得推薦的好房東，iThome，上網日期2018年2月5日，檢自：https://www.ithome.com.tw/news/119571何佩珊，資料科學團隊規模7年成長百倍還不夠，看Airbnb如何提升整體數據實力，數位時代，上網日期2017年12月26日，檢自：https://www.bnext.com.tw/article/47400/how-does-airbnb-create-data-driven-culture貳、外文資料一、西文資料書籍Ezrachi,Ariel, Stucke,Maurice E., (2016). 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