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題名 自動化對宏都拉斯製造業的就業影響
Automation and its effect on employment in Honduras manufacturing industry作者 蘇嘉勛
Sosa, Jose Alfredo貢獻者 吳文傑
Wu, Jack
蘇嘉勛
Jose Alfredo Sosa關鍵詞 自動化
就業
製造業
宏都拉斯
Automation
Employment
Manufacturing industry
Honduras日期 2019 上傳時間 1-Jul-2019 10:57:03 (UTC+8) 摘要 無
The impact that automation and the introduction of new technologies have on employment has been a subject of study for decades. Technological advances throughout history have deeply altered the employment structure of economies in all parts of the world. Since the first industrial revolution in 1760, workers began to question and somewhat fear the introduction of technologies that would automate tasks and even eliminate entire jobs.The focus of this research lies in evaluating the effects automation has had on the manufacturing industry of Honduras. In order to achieve this, a number of quantitative and qualitative sources of data were evaluated. These include studies and researches on the topics of automation, employment and reshaping of skills, reports and statistics on Honduras macroeconomic data as well as employment trends and impact of foreign investment. Finally, an interview was conducted with an expert in technology implementations to gain a first-hand perspective in the subject of automation in Honduras.After the evaluation of this data, the following key results were obtained: A gradual transition into more deeply automated manufacturing plants in Honduras is expected in the long run. For now, the country’s low labor costs act as a cost-effective way for international companies to continue manufacturing their products. Developed countries with higher levels of education will not be severely affected by automation. These countries have a larger number of workers who possess higher skill levels and whose jobs are not easily automatable. Underdeveloped economies like Honduras should stress the implementation of policies that will enhance their population’s skills and education levels, these policies should serve to enhance the quality of life at all levels of society.參考文獻 Arntz, M., Gregory, T., & Zierahn, U. (2016). The Risk of Automation for Jobs in OECD Countries: A Comparative Analysis. Paris: OECD Social, Employment and Migration WorkingPapers, No. 189, OECD Publishing.Berg, B. L., & Lune, H. (2012). Qualitative Research Methods for the Social Sciences. Boston.Bhaskar, R. (2010). Reclaiming Reality: A Critical Introduction to Contemporary. New York: Routledge.Brown, J. D. (2001). Using Surveys in Language Programs. Cambridge University Press.Bryman, A., & Bell, E. (2015). Business Research Methods. Oxford University Press.Brynjolfsson, E., & McAfee, A. (2011). Race Against the Machine: How the Digital Revolution Is Accelerating Innovation, Driving Productivity, and Irreversibly Transforming Employment and the Economy. Digital Frontier Press.Bureau of Economic Analysis. (2018, March 15). BEA: U.S. Department of Commerce. Retrieved from https://www.bea.gov/help/faq/1246Carr, N. (2014). The Glass Cage: Automation and Us. W. W. Norton & Company.Central America Data. (2019, February 14). Central America Data Business Information. Retrieved from Trade Intelligence by Central America Data: https://www.centralamericadata.com/en/article/home/Curbing_Attraction_of_Foreign_InvestmentCowen, T. (2011). The Great Stagnation: How America Ate All the Low-Hanging Fruit of Modern History, Got Sick, and Will (Eventually) Feel Better. Dutton Adult.Deutsche Welle. (2019, April 29). Retrieved from Germany`s Labor Costs: https://www.dw.com/en/germanys-labor-costs-above-eu-average/a-48526071Economy Watch. (2010, June 29). Economy Watch. Retrieved from World Industries: http://www.economywatch.com/world-industries/manufacturing/?page=fullEncyclopaedia Britannica. (2019). Encyclopaedia Britannica. Retrieved from Technology & Automation: https://www.britannica.com/technology/automation/Advantages-and-disadvantages-of-automationExport Enterprises SA. (2019, May). Import Export Solutions Societe Generale. Retrieved from Honduras: Country Risk: https://import-export.societegenerale.fr/en/country/honduras/investment-country-riskFisher, A., Clark, C., & Fourastiè, J. (1939). Three-Sector Economic Model.Frey, C. B., & Osborne, M. J. (2013). The Future of Employment: How Susceptible are Jobs to Computerization? University of Oxford.Given, L. M. (2008). The SAGE Encyclopedia of Qualitative Research. Los Angeles: Sage Publications.Groover, M. (2006). Fundamentals of Modern Manufacturing: Materials, Processes, and Systems. John Wiley & Sons.History.com Editors. (2019, May 18). Retrieved from HISTORY: https://www.history.com/topics/industrial-revolution/industrial-revolutionHo, D. (2006). The focus group interview: Rising the challenge in qualitative research methodology. Australian Review of Applied Linguistics.Honduras Central Bank. (2017). Informe de Bienes para Transformacion y Actividades Conexas - Anual 2017 Perspectivas 2018-2019. Tegucigalpa: Honduras Central Bank.Honduras Central Bank. (2018). Comercio Exterior de Bienes para Transformacion (Maquila) - Al IV Trimestre 2018. Tegucigalpa: Honduras Central Bank.Honduras Central Bank. (2018). Flujos de Inversion Extranjera Directa al IV Trimestre de 2018. Tegucigalpa: Honduras Central Bank.Honduras Central Bank. (2018). Memoria Anual 2018. Tegucigalpa: Honduras Central Bank.Honduras Central Bank. (2018). Producto Interno Bruto Trimestral IV Trimestre 2018. Tegucigalpa: Honduras Central Bank.Honduras National Institute of Statistics. (2018). Informe Poblacion Economicamente Activa 2009-2018. Tegucigalpa: Honduras National Institute of Statistics.Honduras Presidential House. (2016, February). Honduras Presidential House Portal. Retrieved from Government: https://www.presidencia.gob.hn/index.php/gob/casa-presidencial/honduras-20-20Honduras Presidential House. (2016, February). National Program Honduras 20/20. Press Release. Tegucigalpa, Honduras.International Society of Automation. (2018). ISA. Retrieved from About Automation: https://www.isa.org/about-isa/what-is-automation/Kenton, W. (2019, April 09). Investopedia. Retrieved from Terms: https://www.investopedia.com/terms/g/gross-value-added.aspKeynes, J. M. (1930). Economic Possibilities of Our Grandchildren. New York.Levy, F., & Murnane, R. J. (2004). The New Division of Labor: How Computers Are Creating the Next Job Market. Princeton University Press.McKinsey Global Institute. (2017). A Future That Works: Automation, Employment and Productivity. San Francisco: McKinsey & Company.Novikov, A. M., & Novikov, D. A. (2013). Research Methodology: From Philosophy of Science to Research Design. CRC Press.Occupational Information Network (O*NET). (2019, May). O*NET Resource Center. Retrieved from A U.S. Department of Labor/Employment and Training Administration developed product: https://www.onetcenter.org/database.htmlOlson, A. (2009, December 03). Yahoo! News. Retrieved from "Ousted Honduran leader is trapped with few options": http://news.yahoo.com/s/ap/20091203/ap_on_re_la_am_ca/lt_honduras_coupOrganization for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD). (2019). Retrieved from About OECD: https://www.oecd.org/about/Oxbridge Essays. (2017, June 9). Retrieved from How to do your dissertation secondary research in 4 steps: https://www.oxbridgeessays.com/blog/how-to-dissertation-secondary-research-4-steps/PricewaterhouseCoopers. (2018). PwC Global. Retrieved from Global Annual Review 2018: https://www.pwc.com/gx/en/about/global-annual-review-2018.htmlPricewaterhouseCoopers. (2018). Will robots really steal our jobs? An international analysis of the potential long term impact of automation. London: PwC Economics.PricewaterhouseCoopers. (2019, February 03). Tax Summaries: PwC. Retrieved from PwC Web Site: http://taxsummaries.pwc.com/ID/Honduras-OverviewRifkin, J. (1995). The End of Work: The Decline of the Global Labor Force and the Dawn of the Post-market Era. G.P. Putnam`s Sons.Saunders, M. L. (2019). Research Methods for Business Students. New York: Pearson Education Limited.Schumpeter, J. (1942). Capitalism, Socialism, and Democracy. London: Harper & Brothers.Shaiken, H. (1984). Automation in Industry: Bleaching the Blue Collar: Computerization can increase workers` output, but it may also distance product designers from assembly and process requirements. IEEE, 79.Wage Indicators. (2019). Retrieved from Wages in Honduras in effect 01/01/2019 to 31/12/2019: https://wageindicator.org/salary/minimum-wage/honduras/archive/minimum-wages-in-honduras-with-effect-from-01-01-2019-to-31-12-2019Walsham, G. (1993). Interpreting Information Systems in Organizations. New York: John Wiley & Sons Inc.Wilson, J. (2010). Essentials of Business Research: A Guide to Doing Your Research Project. SAGE Publications.World Bank. (2019, April 04). Country Overview: Honduras. Retrieved from https://www.worldbank.org/en/country/honduras/overview#1Zuboff, S. (1989). In The Age Of The Smart Machine: The Future Of Work And Power. Basic Books. 描述 碩士
國立政治大學
國際經營管理英語碩士學位學程(IMBA)
106933048資料來源 http://thesis.lib.nccu.edu.tw/record/#G0106933048 資料類型 thesis dc.contributor.advisor 吳文傑 zh_TW dc.contributor.advisor Wu, Jack en_US dc.contributor.author (Authors) 蘇嘉勛 zh_TW dc.contributor.author (Authors) Jose Alfredo Sosa en_US dc.creator (作者) 蘇嘉勛 zh_TW dc.creator (作者) Sosa, Jose Alfredo en_US dc.date (日期) 2019 en_US dc.date.accessioned 1-Jul-2019 10:57:03 (UTC+8) - dc.date.available 1-Jul-2019 10:57:03 (UTC+8) - dc.date.issued (上傳時間) 1-Jul-2019 10:57:03 (UTC+8) - dc.identifier (Other Identifiers) G0106933048 en_US dc.identifier.uri (URI) http://nccur.lib.nccu.edu.tw/handle/140.119/124184 - dc.description (描述) 碩士 zh_TW dc.description (描述) 國立政治大學 zh_TW dc.description (描述) 國際經營管理英語碩士學位學程(IMBA) zh_TW dc.description (描述) 106933048 zh_TW dc.description.abstract (摘要) 無 zh_TW dc.description.abstract (摘要) The impact that automation and the introduction of new technologies have on employment has been a subject of study for decades. Technological advances throughout history have deeply altered the employment structure of economies in all parts of the world. Since the first industrial revolution in 1760, workers began to question and somewhat fear the introduction of technologies that would automate tasks and even eliminate entire jobs.The focus of this research lies in evaluating the effects automation has had on the manufacturing industry of Honduras. In order to achieve this, a number of quantitative and qualitative sources of data were evaluated. These include studies and researches on the topics of automation, employment and reshaping of skills, reports and statistics on Honduras macroeconomic data as well as employment trends and impact of foreign investment. Finally, an interview was conducted with an expert in technology implementations to gain a first-hand perspective in the subject of automation in Honduras.After the evaluation of this data, the following key results were obtained: A gradual transition into more deeply automated manufacturing plants in Honduras is expected in the long run. For now, the country’s low labor costs act as a cost-effective way for international companies to continue manufacturing their products. Developed countries with higher levels of education will not be severely affected by automation. These countries have a larger number of workers who possess higher skill levels and whose jobs are not easily automatable. Underdeveloped economies like Honduras should stress the implementation of policies that will enhance their population’s skills and education levels, these policies should serve to enhance the quality of life at all levels of society. en_US dc.description.tableofcontents 1. Introduction 11.1. Objectives 21.1.1. General 21.1.2. Specific 22. Literature Review 32.1. What is Automation? 32.2. Automation & Employment in History - Theories and Facts 42.2.1. Keynes & Technological Unemployment - 1930 42.2.2. Sector Economic Model by Fisher, Clark & Fourastiè - 1939 52.2.3. Schumpeter & Creative Destruction - 1950 62.2.4. Shaiken & the Evaluation of the American Industry - 1984 72.2.5. Zuboff & the Age of the Smart Machine - 1989 72.2.6. Rifkin & the Decline of the Global Labor Force - 1995 82.2.7. Levy, Murnane & the New Division of Labor - 2004 92.2.8. Cowen & the Great Stagnation - 2011 102.2.9. McAfee, Brynjolfsson & the Race against the Machine - 2011 102.2.10. Frey, Osborne & the Future of Employment - 2013 122.2.11. Automation in OECD Countries by Arntz, Gregory and Zierahn - 2016 142.2.12. McKinsey’s Views on Automation, Employment & Productivity - 2017 172.2.13. PricewaterhouseCoopers & the Impact of Automation - 2018 203. Research Question 253.1. Hypothesis 254. Country Overview: Honduras 264.1. Economic Landscape 274.1.1. Exports 274.1.2. 4.1.2. Imports 294.2. The Manufacturing Industry 304.2.1. National Perspective & Background 304.2.2. Gross Output (GO) 314.2.3. Gross Value Added (GVA) 324.2.4. Contribution to Gross Domestic Product (GDP) 324.2.5. Commercial Balance 344.3. Employment Trend 364.3.1. Industry Participants 384.4. Projections 404.4.1. Plan Honduras 20/20 404.4.2. Direct Investment 414.5. Risks & Rewards 445. Methodology 455.1. Research Method 455.1.1. Pragmatism 455.1.2. Positivism 465.1.3. Realism 465.1.4. Interpretivism 465.1.5. Selected Research Ideology 475.2. Data Collection 475.2.1. Primary Data 475.2.2. Secondary Data 485.3. Data Analysis 496. Results 506.1. Impact of New Technologies on the Labor Market 506.2. Winners and Losers in Industry 4.0 516.3. Costs and Benefits of Automation 526.4. What does the Future Hold? 537. Conclusions & Limitations 548. References 579. Appendix 60 zh_TW dc.format.extent 1776689 bytes - dc.format.mimetype application/pdf - dc.source.uri (資料來源) http://thesis.lib.nccu.edu.tw/record/#G0106933048 en_US dc.subject (關鍵詞) 自動化 zh_TW dc.subject (關鍵詞) 就業 zh_TW dc.subject (關鍵詞) 製造業 zh_TW dc.subject (關鍵詞) 宏都拉斯 zh_TW dc.subject (關鍵詞) Automation en_US dc.subject (關鍵詞) Employment en_US dc.subject (關鍵詞) Manufacturing industry en_US dc.subject (關鍵詞) Honduras en_US dc.title (題名) 自動化對宏都拉斯製造業的就業影響 zh_TW dc.title (題名) Automation and its effect on employment in Honduras manufacturing industry en_US dc.type (資料類型) thesis en_US dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Arntz, M., Gregory, T., & Zierahn, U. (2016). The Risk of Automation for Jobs in OECD Countries: A Comparative Analysis. Paris: OECD Social, Employment and Migration WorkingPapers, No. 189, OECD Publishing.Berg, B. L., & Lune, H. (2012). Qualitative Research Methods for the Social Sciences. Boston.Bhaskar, R. (2010). Reclaiming Reality: A Critical Introduction to Contemporary. New York: Routledge.Brown, J. D. (2001). Using Surveys in Language Programs. Cambridge University Press.Bryman, A., & Bell, E. (2015). Business Research Methods. Oxford University Press.Brynjolfsson, E., & McAfee, A. (2011). Race Against the Machine: How the Digital Revolution Is Accelerating Innovation, Driving Productivity, and Irreversibly Transforming Employment and the Economy. Digital Frontier Press.Bureau of Economic Analysis. (2018, March 15). BEA: U.S. Department of Commerce. Retrieved from https://www.bea.gov/help/faq/1246Carr, N. (2014). The Glass Cage: Automation and Us. W. W. Norton & Company.Central America Data. (2019, February 14). Central America Data Business Information. Retrieved from Trade Intelligence by Central America Data: https://www.centralamericadata.com/en/article/home/Curbing_Attraction_of_Foreign_InvestmentCowen, T. (2011). The Great Stagnation: How America Ate All the Low-Hanging Fruit of Modern History, Got Sick, and Will (Eventually) Feel Better. Dutton Adult.Deutsche Welle. (2019, April 29). Retrieved from Germany`s Labor Costs: https://www.dw.com/en/germanys-labor-costs-above-eu-average/a-48526071Economy Watch. (2010, June 29). Economy Watch. Retrieved from World Industries: http://www.economywatch.com/world-industries/manufacturing/?page=fullEncyclopaedia Britannica. (2019). Encyclopaedia Britannica. Retrieved from Technology & Automation: https://www.britannica.com/technology/automation/Advantages-and-disadvantages-of-automationExport Enterprises SA. (2019, May). Import Export Solutions Societe Generale. Retrieved from Honduras: Country Risk: https://import-export.societegenerale.fr/en/country/honduras/investment-country-riskFisher, A., Clark, C., & Fourastiè, J. (1939). Three-Sector Economic Model.Frey, C. B., & Osborne, M. J. (2013). The Future of Employment: How Susceptible are Jobs to Computerization? University of Oxford.Given, L. M. (2008). The SAGE Encyclopedia of Qualitative Research. Los Angeles: Sage Publications.Groover, M. (2006). Fundamentals of Modern Manufacturing: Materials, Processes, and Systems. John Wiley & Sons.History.com Editors. (2019, May 18). Retrieved from HISTORY: https://www.history.com/topics/industrial-revolution/industrial-revolutionHo, D. (2006). The focus group interview: Rising the challenge in qualitative research methodology. Australian Review of Applied Linguistics.Honduras Central Bank. (2017). Informe de Bienes para Transformacion y Actividades Conexas - Anual 2017 Perspectivas 2018-2019. Tegucigalpa: Honduras Central Bank.Honduras Central Bank. (2018). Comercio Exterior de Bienes para Transformacion (Maquila) - Al IV Trimestre 2018. Tegucigalpa: Honduras Central Bank.Honduras Central Bank. (2018). Flujos de Inversion Extranjera Directa al IV Trimestre de 2018. Tegucigalpa: Honduras Central Bank.Honduras Central Bank. (2018). Memoria Anual 2018. Tegucigalpa: Honduras Central Bank.Honduras Central Bank. (2018). Producto Interno Bruto Trimestral IV Trimestre 2018. Tegucigalpa: Honduras Central Bank.Honduras National Institute of Statistics. (2018). Informe Poblacion Economicamente Activa 2009-2018. Tegucigalpa: Honduras National Institute of Statistics.Honduras Presidential House. (2016, February). Honduras Presidential House Portal. Retrieved from Government: https://www.presidencia.gob.hn/index.php/gob/casa-presidencial/honduras-20-20Honduras Presidential House. (2016, February). National Program Honduras 20/20. Press Release. Tegucigalpa, Honduras.International Society of Automation. (2018). ISA. Retrieved from About Automation: https://www.isa.org/about-isa/what-is-automation/Kenton, W. (2019, April 09). Investopedia. Retrieved from Terms: https://www.investopedia.com/terms/g/gross-value-added.aspKeynes, J. M. (1930). Economic Possibilities of Our Grandchildren. New York.Levy, F., & Murnane, R. J. (2004). The New Division of Labor: How Computers Are Creating the Next Job Market. Princeton University Press.McKinsey Global Institute. (2017). A Future That Works: Automation, Employment and Productivity. San Francisco: McKinsey & Company.Novikov, A. M., & Novikov, D. A. (2013). Research Methodology: From Philosophy of Science to Research Design. CRC Press.Occupational Information Network (O*NET). (2019, May). O*NET Resource Center. Retrieved from A U.S. Department of Labor/Employment and Training Administration developed product: https://www.onetcenter.org/database.htmlOlson, A. (2009, December 03). Yahoo! News. Retrieved from "Ousted Honduran leader is trapped with few options": http://news.yahoo.com/s/ap/20091203/ap_on_re_la_am_ca/lt_honduras_coupOrganization for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD). (2019). Retrieved from About OECD: https://www.oecd.org/about/Oxbridge Essays. (2017, June 9). Retrieved from How to do your dissertation secondary research in 4 steps: https://www.oxbridgeessays.com/blog/how-to-dissertation-secondary-research-4-steps/PricewaterhouseCoopers. (2018). PwC Global. Retrieved from Global Annual Review 2018: https://www.pwc.com/gx/en/about/global-annual-review-2018.htmlPricewaterhouseCoopers. (2018). Will robots really steal our jobs? An international analysis of the potential long term impact of automation. London: PwC Economics.PricewaterhouseCoopers. (2019, February 03). Tax Summaries: PwC. Retrieved from PwC Web Site: http://taxsummaries.pwc.com/ID/Honduras-OverviewRifkin, J. (1995). The End of Work: The Decline of the Global Labor Force and the Dawn of the Post-market Era. G.P. Putnam`s Sons.Saunders, M. L. (2019). Research Methods for Business Students. New York: Pearson Education Limited.Schumpeter, J. (1942). Capitalism, Socialism, and Democracy. London: Harper & Brothers.Shaiken, H. (1984). Automation in Industry: Bleaching the Blue Collar: Computerization can increase workers` output, but it may also distance product designers from assembly and process requirements. IEEE, 79.Wage Indicators. (2019). Retrieved from Wages in Honduras in effect 01/01/2019 to 31/12/2019: https://wageindicator.org/salary/minimum-wage/honduras/archive/minimum-wages-in-honduras-with-effect-from-01-01-2019-to-31-12-2019Walsham, G. (1993). Interpreting Information Systems in Organizations. New York: John Wiley & Sons Inc.Wilson, J. (2010). Essentials of Business Research: A Guide to Doing Your Research Project. SAGE Publications.World Bank. (2019, April 04). Country Overview: Honduras. Retrieved from https://www.worldbank.org/en/country/honduras/overview#1Zuboff, S. (1989). In The Age Of The Smart Machine: The Future Of Work And Power. Basic Books. zh_TW dc.identifier.doi (DOI) 10.6814/THE.NCCU.IMBA.012.2019.F08 en_US
