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題名 蒙古的反人口販運：跨國努力與制度設計的解釋
Anti-Trafficking in Mongolia: An explanation from international efforts and domestic institutional design
作者 吳韻欣
Erdenechuluun, Enkh-Amgalan
貢獻者 盧業中
Lu, Yeh-Chung
吳韻欣
Erdenechuluun, Enkh-Amgalan
關鍵詞 蒙古
人口販運
Mongolia
Human trafficking
Development
日期 2019
上傳時間 1-Jul-2019 11:11:40 (UTC+8)
摘要 自20世紀90年代政治轉型之後，蒙古開始出現人口販運罪的社會問題。雖然民主為西化和市場經濟打開了大門，卻也帶來了許多社會問題，諸如失業，貧困，賣淫和毒品氾濫。由於非法集團承諾提供高薪工作、與外國人結婚或是擁有受教育的機會，許多蒙古人因而被吸引，下海從事人口販運，獲得的卻是勞動剝削，強迫賣淫和奴役婚姻的下場。

蒙古於2008年批准了《聯合國人口販運議定書》。這項議定採取了一些重要措施來解決這一問題，例如通過一項關於人口販運的獨立法條和一項國家行動計劃。然而，政府的措施並不一致，積極的發展相當有限。

本研究旨在調查政府部門反販運措施能夠積極發展，其背後的潛在因素，例如批准「販運議定書」和通過「國家行動計劃」。與此同時，本研究旨在探討為什麼這些正向發展並沒有如當初開始時那般火熱，以致於無法如火如荼地發展下去。本論文的核心問題是為什麼蒙古無法充分遵守「販運議定書」的規定？
本文的結論是，規範動態在多年來蒙古政府關於反販運措施的政策決定中發揮了關鍵作用。民間社會和國際組織部門的主要行動者在打擊蒙古人口販運方面發揮積極作用，規範倡議者。
The crime of human trafficking has been an emerging social problem in Mongolia since the early 2000s after the democratic transition in the 1990s. It was a time when the Mongolian people saw new opportunities, such as westernisation and a market economy, which consequently admitted social problems like unemployment, poverty, prostitution, alcoholism and crime. Mongolians are being lured into human trafficking with promises for high-paid jobs, marriage to foreigners or educational opportunities for labour exploitation, forced prostitution, and servile marriage.
Mongolia has ratified the UN Trafficking Protocol in 2008 and made some progress to tackle the issue, such as approving a law on trafficking and establishing a national agenda. However, government measures have not been consistent and positive developments have been sporadic.
This study aims to investigate the underlying factors of the decisions by the government to implement some anti-trafficking efforts that have made a lasting impact on the situation of human trafficking in Mongolia and intends to study why such efforts did not continue as ardently as they started at that particular point in time. The central question of this thesis is Why Mongolia’s compliance with the Trafficking Protocol is insufficient?
The paper concludes that norm dynamics have played a key role in the Mongolian government’s policy decisions on anti-trafficking over the years. Key actors in civil society and international organizations’ sectors acted as norm entrepreneurs in effecting positive change to fight human trafficking in Mongolia. The author argues that Mongolia’s compliance with the Trafficking Protocol will be sufficient with increased social mobilization from influential civil society actors to persuade state decision makers via national and international routes.
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描述 碩士
國立政治大學
國際研究英語碩士學位學程(IMPIS)
106862022
資料來源 http://thesis.lib.nccu.edu.tw/record/#G0106862022
資料類型 thesis
dc.contributor.advisor 盧業中zh_TW
dc.contributor.advisor Lu, Yeh-Chungen_US
dc.contributor.author (Authors) 吳韻欣zh_TW
dc.contributor.author (Authors) Erdenechuluun, Enkh-Amgalanen_US
dc.creator (作者) 吳韻欣zh_TW
dc.creator (作者) Erdenechuluun, Enkh-Amgalanen_US
dc.date (日期) 2019en_US
dc.date.accessioned 1-Jul-2019 11:11:40 (UTC+8)-
dc.date.available 1-Jul-2019 11:11:40 (UTC+8)-
dc.date.issued (上傳時間) 1-Jul-2019 11:11:40 (UTC+8)-
dc.identifier (Other Identifiers) G0106862022en_US
dc.identifier.uri (URI) http://nccur.lib.nccu.edu.tw/handle/140.119/124254-
dc.description (描述) 碩士zh_TW
dc.description (描述) 國立政治大學zh_TW
dc.description (描述) 國際研究英語碩士學位學程(IMPIS)zh_TW
dc.description (描述) 106862022zh_TW
dc.description.abstract (摘要) 自20世紀90年代政治轉型之後，蒙古開始出現人口販運罪的社會問題。雖然民主為西化和市場經濟打開了大門，卻也帶來了許多社會問題，諸如失業，貧困，賣淫和毒品氾濫。由於非法集團承諾提供高薪工作、與外國人結婚或是擁有受教育的機會，許多蒙古人因而被吸引，下海從事人口販運，獲得的卻是勞動剝削，強迫賣淫和奴役婚姻的下場。

蒙古於2008年批准了《聯合國人口販運議定書》。這項議定採取了一些重要措施來解決這一問題，例如通過一項關於人口販運的獨立法條和一項國家行動計劃。然而，政府的措施並不一致，積極的發展相當有限。

本研究旨在調查政府部門反販運措施能夠積極發展，其背後的潛在因素，例如批准「販運議定書」和通過「國家行動計劃」。與此同時，本研究旨在探討為什麼這些正向發展並沒有如當初開始時那般火熱，以致於無法如火如荼地發展下去。本論文的核心問題是為什麼蒙古無法充分遵守「販運議定書」的規定？
本文的結論是，規範動態在多年來蒙古政府關於反販運措施的政策決定中發揮了關鍵作用。民間社會和國際組織部門的主要行動者在打擊蒙古人口販運方面發揮積極作用，規範倡議者。		zh_TW
dc.description.abstract (摘要) The crime of human trafficking has been an emerging social problem in Mongolia since the early 2000s after the democratic transition in the 1990s. It was a time when the Mongolian people saw new opportunities, such as westernisation and a market economy, which consequently admitted social problems like unemployment, poverty, prostitution, alcoholism and crime. Mongolians are being lured into human trafficking with promises for high-paid jobs, marriage to foreigners or educational opportunities for labour exploitation, forced prostitution, and servile marriage.
Mongolia has ratified the UN Trafficking Protocol in 2008 and made some progress to tackle the issue, such as approving a law on trafficking and establishing a national agenda. However, government measures have not been consistent and positive developments have been sporadic.
This study aims to investigate the underlying factors of the decisions by the government to implement some anti-trafficking efforts that have made a lasting impact on the situation of human trafficking in Mongolia and intends to study why such efforts did not continue as ardently as they started at that particular point in time. The central question of this thesis is Why Mongolia’s compliance with the Trafficking Protocol is insufficient?
The paper concludes that norm dynamics have played a key role in the Mongolian government’s policy decisions on anti-trafficking over the years. Key actors in civil society and international organizations’ sectors acted as norm entrepreneurs in effecting positive change to fight human trafficking in Mongolia. The author argues that Mongolia’s compliance with the Trafficking Protocol will be sufficient with increased social mobilization from influential civil society actors to persuade state decision makers via national and international routes.		en_US
dc.description.tableofcontents Contents
Chapter 1. Introduction 1
1.1 Background and Motivation 1
1.2 Purpose of Research 5
1.3 Research Plan 7
1.4 Theoretical Approach and Research Method 8
1.5 Literature Review 10
1.5.1 Constructivism and International norms 10
1.5.2 International Response to Human Trafficking 12
1.5.3 Academic Debate on Anti-Trafficking Measures 13
1.5.4 Background on Human Trafficking in Mongolia 15
Chapter 2. Global Response to End Human Trafficking 20
2.1. The United Nations approach 21
2.1.1. Origin of the Protocol to prevent, suppress and punish trafficking in persons, especially women and children 21
2.1.2. Overall achievements of the UN Trafficking Protocol 27
2.2. U.S. global engagement in fighting human trafficking 28
2.3. Regional Initiatives 30
2.4. Chapter summary 32
Chapter 3. Mongolia’s National Response to Human Trafficking 35
3.1. International Obligations of Mongolia and the steps taken to fight human trafficking 35
3.1.1. International agreements on human trafficking to which Mongolia is a party 35
3.1.2. Steps taken to comply with international obligations 36
3.2. UN’s evaluation of Mongolia’s efforts to meet international obligations 40
3.3. U.S. State Department’s evaluation of Mongolia’s anti-trafficking efforts 42
3.4. Chapter review 44
Chapter 4. Legal and institutional measures to fight trafficking in Mongolia 47
4.1. Criminal code of Mongolia on Human Trafficking 48
4.2. The Law on Trafficking in Persons 50
4.3. Institutional structure to fight human trafficking 56
4.4. Chapter review 60
Chapter 5. Other Stakeholders’ Contribution to anti-trafficking in Mongolia 63
5.1. Trailblazers in the fight against human trafficking in Mongolia 63
5.2. A Comprehensive Approach to Fighting Human Trafficking in Mongolia 65
5.3. One NGO’s influence on domestic change 68
5.4. Chapter review 70
Chapter 6. Conclusion/Analysis 72
6.1. Overview of chapters 72
6.1. Implications 73
6.2. Recommendations for future research on human trafficking in Mongolia 75
References 76		zh_TW
dc.format.extent 2097171 bytes-
dc.format.mimetype application/pdf-
dc.source.uri (資料來源) http://thesis.lib.nccu.edu.tw/record/#G0106862022en_US
dc.subject (關鍵詞) 蒙古zh_TW
dc.subject (關鍵詞) 人口販運zh_TW
dc.subject (關鍵詞) Mongoliaen_US
dc.subject (關鍵詞) Human traffickingen_US
dc.subject (關鍵詞) Developmenten_US
dc.title (題名) 蒙古的反人口販運：跨國努力與制度設計的解釋zh_TW
dc.title (題名) Anti-Trafficking in Mongolia: An explanation from international efforts and domestic institutional designen_US
dc.type (資料類型) thesisen_US
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) References
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dc.identifier.doi (DOI) 10.6814/NCCU201900060en_US