1. NCCU Academic Hub
  2. 學術產出
  3. College of Liberal Arts
  4. Theses
  5. Item

學術產出-Theses

Article View/Open

Publication Export

Google ScholarTM

政大圖書館

Citation Infomation

題名 從圖書館員專業養成探討美國圖書資訊學碩士教育
Study on Library and Information Science Master Education for the United States from the Perspective of Librarian Professional Education
作者 張譯文
Chang, Yi-Wen
貢獻者 王梅玲
Wang, Mei-Ling
張譯文
Chang, Yi-Wen
關鍵詞 圖書資訊學教育
碩士教育
課程
專業能力
認可制度
認可標準
美國
Library and Information Science Education
Master Education
Curriculum
Competency
Accreditation
Standards for Accreditation
United States
日期 2019
上傳時間 7-Aug-2019 16:25:58 (UTC+8)
摘要 圖書資訊學的正規教育起源於美國，1887年由Melvil Dewey在當時的哥倫比亞學院（Columbia College）中創辦圖書館學院（School of Library Economy），成為世界圖書館學正規教育的先驅，開啟圖書館事業專業化的新時代。1926年，美國的芝加哥大學（University of Chicago）成立第一所圖書館學碩士班後，如今圖書資訊學專業教育在世界各地蔓延，展現不同與多元的樣貌。然而，美國的圖書資訊學教育受多方面因素的影響，導致圖書館專業教育意涵與就業市場的變動，促使各界重新審視圖書資訊學的專業教育，以及專業人員的培育模式。
本研究旨為以圖書館員的專業養成，探討美國圖書資訊學碩士教育，進一步瞭解美國圖書資訊學碩士學程的認可制度與標準、教育制度、多元專長，以及碩士教育與圖書館員專業養成之關聯。研究方法上，採用文獻分析法與內容分析法，以2018年獲得美國圖書館學會（ALA）認可的52校57個美國圖書資訊學碩士學程為研究對象。依據2015年〈圖書館與資訊研究碩士學程認可標準〉（Standards for accreditation of master’s programs in library and information studies）為理論基礎，調查美國圖書資訊學認可碩士學程的基本資料、教育制度以及課程設置等三方面，觀察圖書館員培育的本質與變化。
綜整本研究結果如下：（1） 美國圖書資訊學碩士學程的認可制度與標準，確保圖書館員的專業教育品質，奠定圖書館員的專業養成。（2）美國圖書資訊學教育的學門歸屬改變，逐漸轉變為更廣泛的資訊領域。（3）美國圖書資訊學認可碩士學程的性質發生變化，圖書資訊專業人員的培育模式轉變。（4）美國圖書資訊學的專業教育以培育檔案、青少年服務、專門圖書館、資訊技術與科技應用、公共圖書館等多元專長。（5） 美國圖書資訊學的專業教育以研究、資訊技術、系統與科技，以及資訊與知識組織為核心知能，反映圖書館員之專業能力。（6） iSchools運動對美國圖書資訊學碩士教育造成影響，形成獨特的發展體系。
最後，依據本研究結果，提出以下建議：（1）持續地關注圖書資訊學教育的變革與發展。（2）持續地追蹤圖書資訊學畢業生的就業市場與能力需求，重新思考專業人員的養成模式。（3）建立適合臺灣圖書資訊學教育的認可制度與標準。（4）加強臺灣圖書資訊學教育的國際化發展，增加能見度。
The formal education of Library and Information Science originated in the United States. In 1887, Melvil Dewey founded the School of Library Economy at the Columbia College, becoming a pioneer in the formal education of Library Science in the world, opening a new era of professionalization of the librarianship. After the first master`s degree in Library Science was established at the University of Chicago in the United States. Today`s Library and Information Science education around the world, showing a variety of designs. However, the education of Library and Information Science in the United States is affected by many factors, which leads to the change of library professional education and the job market. Prompted to re-examine all sectors of Library and Information Science of professional education, and foster professional model.
The purpose of this study is to explore the master`s programs in Library and Information Science in United States with the professional development of librarians, and to further understand the accreditation and standards, education system. As well as the relationship between master`s education and the professional development of librarians. In terms of research methods, the Document Analysis and the Content Analysis Method were adopted. In 2018, there was accredited by the American Library Association master’s programs in Library and Information Science with 52 schools and 57 programs. Based on the 2015 “Standards for accreditation of master’s programs in library and information studies” investigates the basic materials, education system and curriculum of the master`s programs in Library and Information Science in the United States, and observes the nature and changes of librarians.
The results of the comprehensive study are as follows: (1) The accreditation and standards of the master`s programs in Library and Information Science in the United States ensure the professional education quality of librarians and lay the professional development of librarians. (2) The field of library and information science education in the United States has gradually changed into a broader information field. (3) The nature of the master`s programs in Library and Information Science in the United States has changed, and the cultivation mode of library information professionals has changed. (4) The professional education of Library and Information Science in the United States cultivates multiple expertise such as archives, youth services, special librarianship, information technology and technology applications, and public librarianship. (5) The professional education of Library and Information Science in the United States is centered on research, information technology, systems and technology, and information and knowledge organizations, reflecting the professional competence of librarians. (6) The iSchools movement has an impact on the education of library and information science in the United States, forming a unique development system.
According to the results of the research and development, the following suggestions are proposed: (1) Continue to pay attention to the transformation and development of Library and Information Science education. (2) Continuously track the employment market and professional ability needs of graduates of Library and Information Science, and rethink the development model of professionals. (3) Establish an accreditation and standards for Library and Information Science education in Taiwan. (4) Strengthen the international development of Library and Information Science education in Taiwan and increase visibility.
參考文獻 丁友貞（1994）。美國圖書館學教育認可制度之探討。臺北市：漢美。
王石番（1991）。傳播內容分析法：理論與實證。臺北市：幼獅文化。
王梅玲（1997）。英美圖書館與資訊科學碩士教育之比較研究。臺北市：漢美。
王梅玲（2000）。美國圖書館與資訊科學教育的認可制度與標準。在中華圖書資訊教育學會（編），海峽兩岸第五屆圖書資訊學學術研討會（頁1-16）。臺北：中華圖書資訊學教育學會。
王梅玲（2005）。英美與亞太地區圖書資訊學教育。臺北市：文華圖書館管理。
王梅玲（2012）。圖書館學與資訊科學教育。在胡述兆（主編），圖書館學與資訊科學大辭典。檢索自http://terms.naer.edu.tw/detail/1679270/
王梅玲、劉濟慈（2009）。從圖書館價值探討我國圖書館員基本專業能力。圖書資訊學研究，4(1)，27-68。
王梅玲、蔡佳縈（2009）。臺灣圖書資訊學教育指南發展之研究。大學圖書館，13(1)，56-84。
王梅玲、謝寶煖（2014）。圖書資訊學導論。臺北市：五南。
吳美美（2018）。大學圖書資訊學教育國際化發展。在國家圖書館（主編），中華民國一○六年圖書館年鑑（頁201-226）。臺北市：國家圖書館。
林素甘（2012）。圖書館教育與人員利用。在胡述兆（主編），圖書館學與資訊科學大辭典。檢索自http://terms.naer.edu.tw/detail/1678835/
邱于真（2014）。教與學的合頂石—總整課程（Capstone Course）。評鑑雙月刊，49，7-9。
胡述兆（1985）。美國圖書館專業教育初探。圖書資訊學刊，4，1-41。
胡述兆（1995）。圖書館學學位。在胡述兆（主編），圖書館學與資訊科學大辭典。檢索自http://terms.naer.edu.tw/detail/1680109/
紐蔓（Neuman, W. L.）（2014）。當代社會硏究法：質化與量化取向（王佳煌等譯）。臺北市：學富文化。（原著出版於2009年）
張瀚文（2012）。文獻探討。在胡述兆（主編），圖書館學與資訊科學大辭典。檢索自http://terms.naer.edu.tw/detail/1678735/
莊道明、王梅玲（2018）。圖書資訊學教育。在國家圖書館（主編），中華民國圖書館民國一○六年鑑（頁269-289）。臺北市：國家圖書館。
曾莉玲、黃世雄（2003）。自我專業評估研究－以圖書館事業為例。教育資料與圖書館學，40(3)，381-406。
蔡明月（2006）。當今美國圖書館學校之解析。教育資料與圖書館學，43(4)，375-388。
Alabama, University of. (2019). School of library and information studies. Retrieved from https://slis.ua.edu/prospective-students/mlis-on-campus/
Albany, University at, Suny. (2019). College of emergency preparedness, homeland security and cybersecurity. Retrieved from http://www.albany.edu/cehc/graduate-programs-cehc.php
Alberta, University of. (2019). School of library and information studies. Retrieved from http://www.slis.ualberta.ca/
American Library Association (2002). Library and information studies and human resource utilization policy statement. Retrieved from http://www.ala.org/educationcareers/careers/paths/policy
American Library Association Office for Accreditation. (2015). Accreditation process, policies, and procedures (AP3) (4th ed.). Retrieved from http://www.ala.org/educationcareers/accreditedprograms/standards
American Library Association. (2006). Core values of librarianship. Retrieved from http://www.ala.org/advocacy/intfreedom/corevalues
American Library Association. (2009). Core competences of librarianship. Retrieved from http://www.ala.org/educationcareers/careers/corecomp/corecompetences
American Library Association. (2015). Standards for Accreditation of master’s programs in library and information studies. Retrieved from http://www.ala.org/educationcareers/sites/ala.org.educationcareers/files/content/standards/Standards_2015_adopted_02-02-15.pdf
American Library Association. (2018). Directory of institutions offering ALA-Accredited master’s programs in library and information studies. Retrieved from http://www.ala.org/aboutala/offices/accreditation
American Library Association. (2019a). Accreditation process overview. Retrieved from http://www.ala.org/educationcareers/accreditedprograms/resourcesforerp
American Library Association. (2019b). Accredited library and information studies master`s programs from 1925 through present. Retrieved from http://www.ala.org/educationcareers/accreditedprograms/directory/historicallist
American Library Association. (2019c). Trend data by program (2002-2018). Retrieved from http://www.ala.org/educationcareers/accreditedprograms/reportsandpublications/prismreports
Arizona, University of. (2019). School of information. Retrieved from http://ischool.arizona.edu/master-arts-library-and-information-science
Association for Information Science and Technology. (2001). ASIS&T educational guidelines. Retrieved from http://www.asis.org/Board/educational_guidelines.html
Association for Library and Information Science Education. (2000). Education library and information science professionals for a new century: The KALIPER report. Retrieved from https://durrance.people.si.umich.edu/img/research/90/KaliperFinalReport.pdf
Association for Library and Information Science Education. (2016). ALISE research taxonomy. Retrieved from https://www.alise.org/research-taxonomy
Barron, D. D. (1996). Distance education in north american library and information science education: Applications of technology and commitment. Journal of the American Society for Information Science, 47(11), 805–810. Retrieved from http://search.ebscohost.com.autorpa.lib.nccu.edu.tw/login.aspx?direct=true&db=eric&AN=EJ539643&lang=zh-tw&site=ehost-live
Bates, M. J. (1999). The invisible substrate of information science. Journal of the American Society for Information Science, 50(12), 1043–1050. Retrieved from http://search.ebscohost.com.autorpa.lib.nccu.edu.tw/login.aspx?direct=true&db=bth&AN=2365455&lang=zh-tw&site=ehost-live
Bertot, J. C. & Sarin, L. C. (2016). The value of American Library Association-Accredited master’s programs in library & information studies: Serving our communities through a professional workforce. Retrieved from http://www.ala.org/educationcareers/value
Bertot, J. C., & Percell, J. (2015). Re-envisioning the MLS: Issues, considerations, and framing. Retrieved from http://mls.umd.edu/wp-content/uploads/2015/08/ReEnvisioningFinalReport.pdf
Bertot, J. C., Sarin, L. C., & Percell, J. (2015). Re-envisioning the MLS: Findings, issues, and considerations. Retrieved from http://mls.umd.edu/wp-content/uploads/2015/08/ ReEnvisioningFinalReport.pdf
Borko, H. (1968). Information science: What is it? American Documentation, 19(1), 3-5.
British Columbia, University of. (2019). School of Library, Archival & Information Studies. Retrieved from http://www.slais.ubc.ca/
Buffalo, University at, Suny. (2019). Library and information studies. Retrieved from http://gse.buffalo.edu/lis
California, Los Angeles, University of. (2019). Department of information studies. Retrieved from http://is.gseis.ucla.edu/
Catholic University of America, The. (2019). Department of library and information science. Retrieved from http://lis.cua.edu/
Chartered Institute of Library and Information Professions. (2012). Professional Knowledge and Skills Base. Retrieved from https://www.cilip.org.uk/page/PKSB
Chu, H. (2006). Curricula of LIS programs in the USA: A content analysis. In C. Khoo, D. Singh & A.S. Chaudhry (Eds.), Proceedings of the Asia-Pacific Conference on Library & Information Edu-cation & Practice 2006 (A-LIEP 2006), Singapore, 3-6 April 2006 (pp. 328-337). Singapore: School of Communication & Information, Nanyang Technological University.
Chu, H. (2012). iSchools and non-iSchools in the USA: An examination of their master`s programs. Education for Information, 29(1), 1-17.
Chu, H. (2015). Library and information science education in the digital age. In Advances in Librarianship, 32, 77-111. Retrieved from https://doi.org/10.1108/S0065-2830(2010)0000032007
Clarion University of Pennsylvania. (2019). Department of information and library science. Retrieved from http://www.clarion.edu/libsci
Crowley, B. (2012). Defending professionalism: A resource for librarians, information specialists, knowledge managers, and archivists. Retrieved from http://0-publisher.abc-clio.com.jenda.lib.nccu.edu.tw/9781598848700
Dalhousie University. (2019). School of information management. Retrieved from http://sim.management.dal.ca/
Denver, University of. (2019). Research methods and information science. Retrieved from http://www.du.edu/education
Dominican University. (2019). School of information studies. Retrieved from http://sois.dom.edu/
Drexel University. (2019). Department of information science. Retrieved from http://www.cci.drexel.edu/
East Carolina University. (2019). Interdisciplinary professions. Retrieved from http://www.ecu.edu/cs-educ/idp/lsed/index.cfm
Emporia State University. (2019). School of library and information management. Retrieved from http://emporia.edu/slim
Estabrook, L. S. (2010). Library and Information Science. In M. J. Bates & M. N. Maack (Ed.), Encyclopedia of library and information sciences (p.3287). Boca Raton: CRC Press.
Florida State University. (2019). School of Information. Retrieved from http://ischool.cci.fsu.edu/
Forbes. (2011). The best and worst master`s degrees for jobs. Retrieved from https://www.forbes.com/sites/jacquelynsmith/2011/06/06/the-best-and-worst-masters-degrees-for-jobs/#436196092086
Gale, T. (2007). Professional education. Encyclopedia of Business and Finance (2nd ed). Retrieved from Encyclopedia.com: http://www.encyclopedia.com/finance/finance-and-accounting-magazines/professional-education
Goodsett, M., & Koziura, A. (2016). Are library science programs preparing new librarians? Creating a sustainable and vibrant librarian community. Journal of Library Administration, 56(6), 697-721.
Gorman, M. (2004). Whither library education? New Library World, 105 (9/10), 376-380. Retrieved from https://doi.org/10.1108/03074800410557330
Greenwood, E. (1957). Attributes of a profession. Social Work, 2(3), 45–55. Retrieved from https://doi.org/10.1093/sw/2.3.45
Hawaii, university of. (2019). Information and computer sciences. Retrieved from http://www.hawaii.edu/lis/
Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, University of. (2019). School of information sciences. Retrieved from http://ischool.illinois.edu/
Indiana University – Bloomington. (2019). Information and library science. Retrieved from http://www.ils.indiana.edu/admissions/ala-programs.html
Indiana University - Purdue University, Indianapolis. (2019). Department of library and information science. Retrieved from http://soic.iupui.edu/lis/
Iowa, University of. (2019). School of library and information science. Retrieved from http://slis.grad.uiowa.edu/
iSchools Organization. (2018). iSchools. Retrieved from https://ischools.org
Janes, J. (2018). Degree or not degree. American Libraries, 49(3), 24. Retrieved from https://search-proquest-com.autorpa.lib.nccu.edu.tw/docview/2006754503?accountid=10067
Kent State University. (2019). School of information. Retrieved from http://www.kent.edu/iSchool/master-library-information-science
Kentucky, University of. (2019). School of information science. Retrieved from http://www.uky.edu/CIS/SLIS
Larsen, R. L. (2010). iSchools. In M. J. Bates & M. N. Maack (Ed.), Encyclopedia of library and information sciences (p.3018). Boca Raton: CRC Press.
Librarianship. (2013). In M. L. Clark & T. M. Carter (Eds.), ALA glossary of library and information science (p.151). Chicago: ALA editions.
Library Science. (2013). In M. L. Clark & T. M. Carter (Eds.), ALA glossary of library and information science (p.154). Chicago: ALA editions.
Long Island University. (2019). Palmer school of library and information science. Retrieved from http://www.liu.edu/palmer
Louisiana State University. (2019). School of library & information science. Retrieved from http://slis.lsu.edu/
Lugya, F. K. (2014). What counts as a science and discipline in library and information science? Library Review, 63(1), 138-155. Retrieved from https://search-proquest-com.autorpa.lib.nccu.edu.tw/docview/1652784454?accountid=10067
Lynch, B. P. (2008). Library education: Its past, its present, its future. Library Trends, 56(4), 931-953. doi: http://dx.doi.org.autorpa.lib.nccu.edu.tw/10.1353/lib.0.0016
Maceli, M. (2015). Creating tomorrow’s technologists: Contrasting information technology curriculum in North American library and information science graduate programs against Code4lib job listings. Journal of Education for Library and Information Science, 3(56), 198-212.
Maryland, University of. (2019). College of information studies. Retrieved from http://https//ischool.umd.edu/mlis
Matusiak, K. K., Stansbury, M., & Barczyk, E. (2014). Educating a new generation of library and information science professionals: A United States perspective. Przegląd Biblioteczny/Library Review, 82(2), 189-206.
Mcgill University. (2019). School of information studies. Retrieved from Retrieved from http://www.mcgill.ca/sis/
Medical Library Association. (2017). MLA competencies for lifelong learning and professional success. Retrieved from http://www.mlanet.org/page/test-competencies
Michigan, University of. (2019). School of information. Retrieved from http://www.si.umich.edu/
Missouri, University of. (2019). Information science and learning technologies. Retrieved from http://lis.missouri.edu/
Montréal, Université De. (2019). École de bibliothéconomie et des sc. de l`info. Retrieved from http://www.ebsi.umontreal.ca/
North Carolina at Chapel Hill, University of. (2019). School of information and library science. Retrieved from http://sils.unc.edu/
North carolina at greensboro, the university of. (2019). Department of library and information studies. Retrieved from http://soe.uncg.edu/academics/departments/lis/
North Carolina Central University. (2019). School of library and information sciences. Retrieved from http://www.nccuslis.org/
North Texas, University of. (2019). Department of information science. Retrieved from http://informationscience.unt.edu/master-science
O’Brien, K. L. (2017). Accreditation of library and information studies programs in the United States and Canada. In J. McDonald & M. Levine-Clark, (Ed.). Encyclopedia of library and information sciences (p.18). Boca Raton: CRC Press.
Oklahoma, University of. (2019). School of library and information studies. Retrieved from http://slis.ou.edu/
Ortiz-Repiso, V., Greenberg, J., & Calzada-Prado, J. (2018). A cross-institutional analysis of data-related curricula in information science programmes: A focused look at the iSchools. Journal of Information Science, 44(6), 768–784. Retrieved from https://doi.org/10.1177/0165551517748149
Ottawa, University of. (2019). School of information studies. Retrieved from http://arts.uottawa.ca/sis/
Pittsburgh, University of. (2019). Information culture and data stewardship. Retrieved from http://www.sci.pitt.edu/
Pratt Institute. (2019). School of information. Retrieved from http://www.pratt.edu/academics/information/
Professional Positions. (2013). In M. L. Clark & T. M. Carter (Eds.), ALA glossary of library and information science (p.202). Chicago: ALA editions.
Puerto Rico, University of. (2019). Information sciences and technologies. Retrieved from http://egcti.upr.edu/
Queens College, Cuny. (2019). Graduate school of library and information Studies. Retrieved from http://sites.google.com/a/qc.cuny.edu/gslis/
Rhode Island, University of. (2019). Graduate school of library and information studies. Retrieved from http://www.uri.edu/artsci/lsc/
Rubin, R. E. (2016). Library and information science: an evolving profession. Foundations of Library and Information Science (pp.239-304). Chicago: ALA Neal-Schuman.
Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey. (2019). Department of library and information science. Retrieved from http://comminfo.rutgers.edu/
San Jose State University. (2019). School of information. Retrieved from http://ischool.sjsu.edu/
Saracevic, T. (2010). Information Science. In M. J. Bates & M. N. Maack (Ed.), Encyclopedia of library and information sciences (p.2570). Boca Raton: CRC Press.
Saunders, L. (2015). Professional perspectives on library and information science education. The Library Quarterly, 4(85), 427-453. Retrieved from https://doi.org/10.1086/682735
Scripps-Hoekstra, L., Carroll, M., & Fotis, T. (2014). Technology competency requirements of ALA-Accredited library science programs: An updated analysis. Journal of Education for Library & Information Science, 55(1), 40-54. Retrieved from http://search.ebscohost.com.autorpa.lib.nccu.edu.tw/login.aspx?direct=true&db=lih&AN=93983865&lang=zh-tw&site=ehost-live
Simmons University. (2019). School of library and information science. Retrieved from http://www.simmons.edu/gslis
Smith, J. (2012). The best and worst master’s degrees for jobs. Retrieved from http://www.forbes.com/sites/jacquelynsmith/2012/06/08/the-best-and-worst-mastersdegrees-for-jobs-2/.
Smith, K., Hallam, G., & Ghosh, S. B. (2012). Guidelines for professional library/information educational programs. Retrieved from http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/.
Snyder, T.D., de Brey, C., & Dillow, S.A. (2018). Digest of education statistics 2016 (NCES 2017-094). Washington, DC: National Center for Education Statistics, Institute of Education Sciences, U.S. Department of Education.
South Carolina, University of. (2019). School of library and information science. Retrieved from http://www.libsci.sc.edu/
South Florida, University of. (2019). School of information. Retrieved from http://www.usf.edu/si
Southern California, University of. (2019). USC Marshall school of business. Retrieved from http://librarysciencedegree.usc.edu/
Southern Mississippi, The University of. (2019). School of library and information science. Retrieved from http://www.usm.edu/slis
Special Libraries Association. (2016). Competencies for information professionals. Retrieved from https://www.sla.org/about-sla/competencies/
St. Catherine University. (2019). Information management department. Retrieved from http://www2.stkate.edu/mlis/home
St. John`s University. (2019). Division of library and information science. Retrieved from http://www.stjohns.edu/dlis
Syracuse University. (2019). School of information studies. Retrieved from http://ischool.syr.edu/
Tawney, R. H. (1920). The acquisitive society. New York: Harcourt, Brace and company.
Teglovic, J., Jordan-Makely, C., Boyd, L., & Hofschire, L. (2012). What is the value of an MLIS to you? Denver, CO: Colorado State Library, Library Research Service.
Tennessee, University of. (2019). School of information sciences. Retrieved from http://www.sis.utk.edu/
Texas at Austin, University of. (2019). School of information. Retrieved from http://www.ischool.utexas.edu/
Texas Woman`s University. (2019). School of library and information studies. Retrieved from http://www.twu.edu/slis/
Toronto, University of. (2019). Faculty of information. Retrieved from http://www.ischool.utoronto.ca/
Triumph, T. F. & Beile, P. M. (2015). The trending academic library job market: An analysis of library position announcements from 2011 with comparisons to 1996 and 1988. College & Research Libraries, 76(6), 716-39.
Tucker, J. M., & Goedeken, E. A. (2010). History of libraries. In M. J. Bates & M. N. Maack (Ed.), Encyclopedia of library and information sciences (p.2080). Boca Raton: CRC Press.
Valdosta State University. (2019). Department of library and information studies. Retrieved from http://www.valdosta.edu/mlis/
Washington, University of. (2019). The Information school. Retrieved from http://ischool.uw.edu/
Wayne State University. (2019). School of information sciences. Retrieved from http://sis.wayne.edu/
WebJunction. (2014). Competency index for the library field 2014. Retrieved from https://www.webjunction.org/documents/webjunction/Competency_Index_for_the_Library_Field.html
Weech, T. (2015). New career opportunities and their impact on library and information science degrees, an exploratory study. BiD, (35), 45-50. Retrieved from http://search.ebscohost.com.autorpa.lib.nccu.edu.tw/login.aspx?direct=true&db=lih&AN=112309462&lang=zh-tw&site=ehost-live
Western Ontario, University of. (2019). Graduate programs in library & information science. Retrieved from http://www.fims.uwo.ca/
Williamson, C. C. (1923). Training for library service: A report prepared for the Carnegie Corporation of New York. Boston: D.B. Updike, The Merrymount Press. Retrieved from https://archive.org/details/trainingforlibra011790mbp/page/n9
Wisconsin-Madison, University of. (2019). Information school. Retrieved from http://ischool.wisc.edu/
Wisconsin-Milwaukee, University of. (2019). School of information studies. Retrieved from http://www4.uwm.edu/sois/
描述 碩士
國立政治大學
圖書資訊與檔案學研究所
106155004
資料來源 http://thesis.lib.nccu.edu.tw/record/#G0106155004
資料類型 thesis
dc.contributor.advisor 王梅玲zh_TW
dc.contributor.advisor Wang, Mei-Lingen_US
dc.contributor.author (Authors) 張譯文zh_TW
dc.contributor.author (Authors) Chang, Yi-Wenen_US
dc.creator (作者) 張譯文zh_TW
dc.creator (作者) Chang, Yi-Wenen_US
dc.date (日期) 2019en_US
dc.date.accessioned 7-Aug-2019 16:25:58 (UTC+8)-
dc.date.available 7-Aug-2019 16:25:58 (UTC+8)-
dc.date.issued (上傳時間) 7-Aug-2019 16:25:58 (UTC+8)-
dc.identifier (Other Identifiers) G0106155004en_US
dc.identifier.uri (URI) http://nccur.lib.nccu.edu.tw/handle/140.119/124823-
dc.description (描述) 碩士zh_TW
dc.description (描述) 國立政治大學zh_TW
dc.description (描述) 圖書資訊與檔案學研究所zh_TW
dc.description (描述) 106155004zh_TW
dc.description.abstract (摘要) 圖書資訊學的正規教育起源於美國，1887年由Melvil Dewey在當時的哥倫比亞學院（Columbia College）中創辦圖書館學院（School of Library Economy），成為世界圖書館學正規教育的先驅，開啟圖書館事業專業化的新時代。1926年，美國的芝加哥大學（University of Chicago）成立第一所圖書館學碩士班後，如今圖書資訊學專業教育在世界各地蔓延，展現不同與多元的樣貌。然而，美國的圖書資訊學教育受多方面因素的影響，導致圖書館專業教育意涵與就業市場的變動，促使各界重新審視圖書資訊學的專業教育，以及專業人員的培育模式。
本研究旨為以圖書館員的專業養成，探討美國圖書資訊學碩士教育，進一步瞭解美國圖書資訊學碩士學程的認可制度與標準、教育制度、多元專長，以及碩士教育與圖書館員專業養成之關聯。研究方法上，採用文獻分析法與內容分析法，以2018年獲得美國圖書館學會（ALA）認可的52校57個美國圖書資訊學碩士學程為研究對象。依據2015年〈圖書館與資訊研究碩士學程認可標準〉（Standards for accreditation of master’s programs in library and information studies）為理論基礎，調查美國圖書資訊學認可碩士學程的基本資料、教育制度以及課程設置等三方面，觀察圖書館員培育的本質與變化。
綜整本研究結果如下：（1） 美國圖書資訊學碩士學程的認可制度與標準，確保圖書館員的專業教育品質，奠定圖書館員的專業養成。（2）美國圖書資訊學教育的學門歸屬改變，逐漸轉變為更廣泛的資訊領域。（3）美國圖書資訊學認可碩士學程的性質發生變化，圖書資訊專業人員的培育模式轉變。（4）美國圖書資訊學的專業教育以培育檔案、青少年服務、專門圖書館、資訊技術與科技應用、公共圖書館等多元專長。（5） 美國圖書資訊學的專業教育以研究、資訊技術、系統與科技，以及資訊與知識組織為核心知能，反映圖書館員之專業能力。（6） iSchools運動對美國圖書資訊學碩士教育造成影響，形成獨特的發展體系。
最後，依據本研究結果，提出以下建議：（1）持續地關注圖書資訊學教育的變革與發展。（2）持續地追蹤圖書資訊學畢業生的就業市場與能力需求，重新思考專業人員的養成模式。（3）建立適合臺灣圖書資訊學教育的認可制度與標準。（4）加強臺灣圖書資訊學教育的國際化發展，增加能見度。		zh_TW
dc.description.abstract (摘要) The formal education of Library and Information Science originated in the United States. In 1887, Melvil Dewey founded the School of Library Economy at the Columbia College, becoming a pioneer in the formal education of Library Science in the world, opening a new era of professionalization of the librarianship. After the first master`s degree in Library Science was established at the University of Chicago in the United States. Today`s Library and Information Science education around the world, showing a variety of designs. However, the education of Library and Information Science in the United States is affected by many factors, which leads to the change of library professional education and the job market. Prompted to re-examine all sectors of Library and Information Science of professional education, and foster professional model.
The purpose of this study is to explore the master`s programs in Library and Information Science in United States with the professional development of librarians, and to further understand the accreditation and standards, education system. As well as the relationship between master`s education and the professional development of librarians. In terms of research methods, the Document Analysis and the Content Analysis Method were adopted. In 2018, there was accredited by the American Library Association master’s programs in Library and Information Science with 52 schools and 57 programs. Based on the 2015 “Standards for accreditation of master’s programs in library and information studies” investigates the basic materials, education system and curriculum of the master`s programs in Library and Information Science in the United States, and observes the nature and changes of librarians.
The results of the comprehensive study are as follows: (1) The accreditation and standards of the master`s programs in Library and Information Science in the United States ensure the professional education quality of librarians and lay the professional development of librarians. (2) The field of library and information science education in the United States has gradually changed into a broader information field. (3) The nature of the master`s programs in Library and Information Science in the United States has changed, and the cultivation mode of library information professionals has changed. (4) The professional education of Library and Information Science in the United States cultivates multiple expertise such as archives, youth services, special librarianship, information technology and technology applications, and public librarianship. (5) The professional education of Library and Information Science in the United States is centered on research, information technology, systems and technology, and information and knowledge organizations, reflecting the professional competence of librarians. (6) The iSchools movement has an impact on the education of library and information science in the United States, forming a unique development system.
According to the results of the research and development, the following suggestions are proposed: (1) Continue to pay attention to the transformation and development of Library and Information Science education. (2) Continuously track the employment market and professional ability needs of graduates of Library and Information Science, and rethink the development model of professionals. (3) Establish an accreditation and standards for Library and Information Science education in Taiwan. (4) Strengthen the international development of Library and Information Science education in Taiwan and increase visibility.		en_US
dc.description.tableofcontents 第一章 緒論 1
第一節 問題陳述與研究動機 1
第二節 研究目的 5
第三節 研究問題 5
第四節 研究範圍與限制 5
第五節 名詞解釋 6
第二章 文獻探討 9
第一節 圖書資訊學教育與標準 9
第二節 圖書館專業與專業能力 18
第三節 美國圖書資訊學碩士教育 24
第三章 研究方法與實施 37
第一節 研究設計 37
第二節 研究方法 38
第三節 資料蒐集與分析 40
第四節 研究工具 46
第五節 研究實施與步驟 48
第四章 研究結果分析 51
第一節 美國圖書館員專業資格與專業能力 51
第二節 美國圖書資訊學碩士學程之認可制度與標準 54
第三節 美國圖書資訊學認可碩士學程之基本資料 59
第四節 美國圖書資訊學認可碩士學程之教育制度 78
第五節 美國圖書資訊學認可碩士學程之課程設置 94
第六節 綜合討論 105
第五章 結論與建議 113
第一節 結論 113
第二節 建議 116
第三節 未來研究建議 117
參考文獻 119
附錄一 Standards for Accreditation of Master’s Programs in Library and Information Studies 129
附錄二 ALA’s Core Competences of Librarianship 139
附錄三 美國圖書館學會（ALA）圖書資訊學認可碩士學程清單 143
附錄四 美國圖書館學會（ALA）圖書資訊學認可碩士學程教育層級 147
附錄五 美國圖書館學會（ALA）圖書資訊學認可碩士學程與其他碩士學程151
附錄六 美國圖書資訊學認可碩士學程課程分類表 155		zh_TW
dc.format.extent 2923732 bytes-
dc.format.mimetype application/pdf-
dc.source.uri (資料來源) http://thesis.lib.nccu.edu.tw/record/#G0106155004en_US
dc.subject (關鍵詞) 圖書資訊學教育zh_TW
dc.subject (關鍵詞) 碩士教育zh_TW
dc.subject (關鍵詞) 課程zh_TW
dc.subject (關鍵詞) 專業能力zh_TW
dc.subject (關鍵詞) 認可制度zh_TW
dc.subject (關鍵詞) 認可標準zh_TW
dc.subject (關鍵詞) 美國zh_TW
dc.subject (關鍵詞) Library and Information Science Educationen_US
dc.subject (關鍵詞) Master Educationen_US
dc.subject (關鍵詞) Curriculumen_US
dc.subject (關鍵詞) Competencyen_US
dc.subject (關鍵詞) Accreditationen_US
dc.subject (關鍵詞) Standards for Accreditationen_US
dc.subject (關鍵詞) United Statesen_US
dc.title (題名) 從圖書館員專業養成探討美國圖書資訊學碩士教育zh_TW
dc.title (題名) Study on Library and Information Science Master Education for the United States from the Perspective of Librarian Professional Educationen_US
dc.type (資料類型) thesisen_US
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 丁友貞（1994）。美國圖書館學教育認可制度之探討。臺北市：漢美。
王石番（1991）。傳播內容分析法：理論與實證。臺北市：幼獅文化。
王梅玲（1997）。英美圖書館與資訊科學碩士教育之比較研究。臺北市：漢美。
王梅玲（2000）。美國圖書館與資訊科學教育的認可制度與標準。在中華圖書資訊教育學會（編），海峽兩岸第五屆圖書資訊學學術研討會（頁1-16）。臺北：中華圖書資訊學教育學會。
王梅玲（2005）。英美與亞太地區圖書資訊學教育。臺北市：文華圖書館管理。
王梅玲（2012）。圖書館學與資訊科學教育。在胡述兆（主編），圖書館學與資訊科學大辭典。檢索自http://terms.naer.edu.tw/detail/1679270/
王梅玲、劉濟慈（2009）。從圖書館價值探討我國圖書館員基本專業能力。圖書資訊學研究，4(1)，27-68。
王梅玲、蔡佳縈（2009）。臺灣圖書資訊學教育指南發展之研究。大學圖書館，13(1)，56-84。
王梅玲、謝寶煖（2014）。圖書資訊學導論。臺北市：五南。
吳美美（2018）。大學圖書資訊學教育國際化發展。在國家圖書館（主編），中華民國一○六年圖書館年鑑（頁201-226）。臺北市：國家圖書館。
林素甘（2012）。圖書館教育與人員利用。在胡述兆（主編），圖書館學與資訊科學大辭典。檢索自http://terms.naer.edu.tw/detail/1678835/
邱于真（2014）。教與學的合頂石—總整課程（Capstone Course）。評鑑雙月刊，49，7-9。
胡述兆（1985）。美國圖書館專業教育初探。圖書資訊學刊，4，1-41。
胡述兆（1995）。圖書館學學位。在胡述兆（主編），圖書館學與資訊科學大辭典。檢索自http://terms.naer.edu.tw/detail/1680109/
紐蔓（Neuman, W. L.）（2014）。當代社會硏究法：質化與量化取向（王佳煌等譯）。臺北市：學富文化。（原著出版於2009年）
張瀚文（2012）。文獻探討。在胡述兆（主編），圖書館學與資訊科學大辭典。檢索自http://terms.naer.edu.tw/detail/1678735/
莊道明、王梅玲（2018）。圖書資訊學教育。在國家圖書館（主編），中華民國圖書館民國一○六年鑑（頁269-289）。臺北市：國家圖書館。
曾莉玲、黃世雄（2003）。自我專業評估研究－以圖書館事業為例。教育資料與圖書館學，40(3)，381-406。
蔡明月（2006）。當今美國圖書館學校之解析。教育資料與圖書館學，43(4)，375-388。
Alabama, University of. (2019). School of library and information studies. Retrieved from https://slis.ua.edu/prospective-students/mlis-on-campus/
Albany, University at, Suny. (2019). College of emergency preparedness, homeland security and cybersecurity. Retrieved from http://www.albany.edu/cehc/graduate-programs-cehc.php
Alberta, University of. (2019). School of library and information studies. Retrieved from http://www.slis.ualberta.ca/
American Library Association (2002). Library and information studies and human resource utilization policy statement. Retrieved from http://www.ala.org/educationcareers/careers/paths/policy
American Library Association Office for Accreditation. (2015). Accreditation process, policies, and procedures (AP3) (4th ed.). Retrieved from http://www.ala.org/educationcareers/accreditedprograms/standards
American Library Association. (2006). Core values of librarianship. Retrieved from http://www.ala.org/advocacy/intfreedom/corevalues
American Library Association. (2009). Core competences of librarianship. Retrieved from http://www.ala.org/educationcareers/careers/corecomp/corecompetences
American Library Association. (2015). Standards for Accreditation of master’s programs in library and information studies. Retrieved from http://www.ala.org/educationcareers/sites/ala.org.educationcareers/files/content/standards/Standards_2015_adopted_02-02-15.pdf
American Library Association. (2018). Directory of institutions offering ALA-Accredited master’s programs in library and information studies. Retrieved from http://www.ala.org/aboutala/offices/accreditation
American Library Association. (2019a). Accreditation process overview. Retrieved from http://www.ala.org/educationcareers/accreditedprograms/resourcesforerp
American Library Association. (2019b). Accredited library and information studies master`s programs from 1925 through present. Retrieved from http://www.ala.org/educationcareers/accreditedprograms/directory/historicallist
American Library Association. (2019c). Trend data by program (2002-2018). Retrieved from http://www.ala.org/educationcareers/accreditedprograms/reportsandpublications/prismreports
Arizona, University of. (2019). School of information. Retrieved from http://ischool.arizona.edu/master-arts-library-and-information-science
Association for Information Science and Technology. (2001). ASIS&T educational guidelines. Retrieved from http://www.asis.org/Board/educational_guidelines.html
Association for Library and Information Science Education. (2000). Education library and information science professionals for a new century: The KALIPER report. Retrieved from https://durrance.people.si.umich.edu/img/research/90/KaliperFinalReport.pdf
Association for Library and Information Science Education. (2016). ALISE research taxonomy. Retrieved from https://www.alise.org/research-taxonomy
Barron, D. D. (1996). Distance education in north american library and information science education: Applications of technology and commitment. Journal of the American Society for Information Science, 47(11), 805–810. Retrieved from http://search.ebscohost.com.autorpa.lib.nccu.edu.tw/login.aspx?direct=true&db=eric&AN=EJ539643&lang=zh-tw&site=ehost-live
Bates, M. J. (1999). The invisible substrate of information science. Journal of the American Society for Information Science, 50(12), 1043–1050. Retrieved from http://search.ebscohost.com.autorpa.lib.nccu.edu.tw/login.aspx?direct=true&db=bth&AN=2365455&lang=zh-tw&site=ehost-live
Bertot, J. C. & Sarin, L. C. (2016). The value of American Library Association-Accredited master’s programs in library & information studies: Serving our communities through a professional workforce. Retrieved from http://www.ala.org/educationcareers/value
Bertot, J. C., & Percell, J. (2015). Re-envisioning the MLS: Issues, considerations, and framing. Retrieved from http://mls.umd.edu/wp-content/uploads/2015/08/ReEnvisioningFinalReport.pdf
Bertot, J. C., Sarin, L. C., & Percell, J. (2015). Re-envisioning the MLS: Findings, issues, and considerations. Retrieved from http://mls.umd.edu/wp-content/uploads/2015/08/ ReEnvisioningFinalReport.pdf
Borko, H. (1968). Information science: What is it? American Documentation, 19(1), 3-5.
British Columbia, University of. (2019). School of Library, Archival & Information Studies. Retrieved from http://www.slais.ubc.ca/
Buffalo, University at, Suny. (2019). Library and information studies. Retrieved from http://gse.buffalo.edu/lis
California, Los Angeles, University of. (2019). Department of information studies. Retrieved from http://is.gseis.ucla.edu/
Catholic University of America, The. (2019). Department of library and information science. Retrieved from http://lis.cua.edu/
Chartered Institute of Library and Information Professions. (2012). Professional Knowledge and Skills Base. Retrieved from https://www.cilip.org.uk/page/PKSB
Chu, H. (2006). Curricula of LIS programs in the USA: A content analysis. In C. Khoo, D. Singh & A.S. Chaudhry (Eds.), Proceedings of the Asia-Pacific Conference on Library & Information Edu-cation & Practice 2006 (A-LIEP 2006), Singapore, 3-6 April 2006 (pp. 328-337). Singapore: School of Communication & Information, Nanyang Technological University.
Chu, H. (2012). iSchools and non-iSchools in the USA: An examination of their master`s programs. Education for Information, 29(1), 1-17.
Chu, H. (2015). Library and information science education in the digital age. In Advances in Librarianship, 32, 77-111. Retrieved from https://doi.org/10.1108/S0065-2830(2010)0000032007
Clarion University of Pennsylvania. (2019). Department of information and library science. Retrieved from http://www.clarion.edu/libsci
Crowley, B. (2012). Defending professionalism: A resource for librarians, information specialists, knowledge managers, and archivists. Retrieved from http://0-publisher.abc-clio.com.jenda.lib.nccu.edu.tw/9781598848700
Dalhousie University. (2019). School of information management. Retrieved from http://sim.management.dal.ca/
Denver, University of. (2019). Research methods and information science. Retrieved from http://www.du.edu/education
Dominican University. (2019). School of information studies. Retrieved from http://sois.dom.edu/
Drexel University. (2019). Department of information science. Retrieved from http://www.cci.drexel.edu/
East Carolina University. (2019). Interdisciplinary professions. Retrieved from http://www.ecu.edu/cs-educ/idp/lsed/index.cfm
Emporia State University. (2019). School of library and information management. Retrieved from http://emporia.edu/slim
Estabrook, L. S. (2010). Library and Information Science. In M. J. Bates & M. N. Maack (Ed.), Encyclopedia of library and information sciences (p.3287). Boca Raton: CRC Press.
Florida State University. (2019). School of Information. Retrieved from http://ischool.cci.fsu.edu/
Forbes. (2011). The best and worst master`s degrees for jobs. Retrieved from https://www.forbes.com/sites/jacquelynsmith/2011/06/06/the-best-and-worst-masters-degrees-for-jobs/#436196092086
Gale, T. (2007). Professional education. Encyclopedia of Business and Finance (2nd ed). Retrieved from Encyclopedia.com: http://www.encyclopedia.com/finance/finance-and-accounting-magazines/professional-education
Goodsett, M., & Koziura, A. (2016). Are library science programs preparing new librarians? Creating a sustainable and vibrant librarian community. Journal of Library Administration, 56(6), 697-721.
Gorman, M. (2004). Whither library education? New Library World, 105 (9/10), 376-380. Retrieved from https://doi.org/10.1108/03074800410557330
Greenwood, E. (1957). Attributes of a profession. Social Work, 2(3), 45–55. Retrieved from https://doi.org/10.1093/sw/2.3.45
Hawaii, university of. (2019). Information and computer sciences. Retrieved from http://www.hawaii.edu/lis/
Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, University of. (2019). School of information sciences. Retrieved from http://ischool.illinois.edu/
Indiana University – Bloomington. (2019). Information and library science. Retrieved from http://www.ils.indiana.edu/admissions/ala-programs.html
Indiana University - Purdue University, Indianapolis. (2019). Department of library and information science. Retrieved from http://soic.iupui.edu/lis/
Iowa, University of. (2019). School of library and information science. Retrieved from http://slis.grad.uiowa.edu/
iSchools Organization. (2018). iSchools. Retrieved from https://ischools.org
Janes, J. (2018). Degree or not degree. American Libraries, 49(3), 24. Retrieved from https://search-proquest-com.autorpa.lib.nccu.edu.tw/docview/2006754503?accountid=10067
Kent State University. (2019). School of information. Retrieved from http://www.kent.edu/iSchool/master-library-information-science
Kentucky, University of. (2019). School of information science. Retrieved from http://www.uky.edu/CIS/SLIS
Larsen, R. L. (2010). iSchools. In M. J. Bates & M. N. Maack (Ed.), Encyclopedia of library and information sciences (p.3018). Boca Raton: CRC Press.
Librarianship. (2013). In M. L. Clark & T. M. Carter (Eds.), ALA glossary of library and information science (p.151). Chicago: ALA editions.
Library Science. (2013). In M. L. Clark & T. M. Carter (Eds.), ALA glossary of library and information science (p.154). Chicago: ALA editions.
Long Island University. (2019). Palmer school of library and information science. Retrieved from http://www.liu.edu/palmer
Louisiana State University. (2019). School of library & information science. Retrieved from http://slis.lsu.edu/
Lugya, F. K. (2014). What counts as a science and discipline in library and information science? Library Review, 63(1), 138-155. Retrieved from https://search-proquest-com.autorpa.lib.nccu.edu.tw/docview/1652784454?accountid=10067
Lynch, B. P. (2008). Library education: Its past, its present, its future. Library Trends, 56(4), 931-953. doi: http://dx.doi.org.autorpa.lib.nccu.edu.tw/10.1353/lib.0.0016
Maceli, M. (2015). Creating tomorrow’s technologists: Contrasting information technology curriculum in North American library and information science graduate programs against Code4lib job listings. Journal of Education for Library and Information Science, 3(56), 198-212.
Maryland, University of. (2019). College of information studies. Retrieved from http://https//ischool.umd.edu/mlis
Matusiak, K. K., Stansbury, M., & Barczyk, E. (2014). Educating a new generation of library and information science professionals: A United States perspective. Przegląd Biblioteczny/Library Review, 82(2), 189-206.
Mcgill University. (2019). School of information studies. Retrieved from Retrieved from http://www.mcgill.ca/sis/
Medical Library Association. (2017). MLA competencies for lifelong learning and professional success. Retrieved from http://www.mlanet.org/page/test-competencies
Michigan, University of. (2019). School of information. Retrieved from http://www.si.umich.edu/
Missouri, University of. (2019). Information science and learning technologies. Retrieved from http://lis.missouri.edu/
Montréal, Université De. (2019). École de bibliothéconomie et des sc. de l`info. Retrieved from http://www.ebsi.umontreal.ca/
North Carolina at Chapel Hill, University of. (2019). School of information and library science. Retrieved from http://sils.unc.edu/
North carolina at greensboro, the university of. (2019). Department of library and information studies. Retrieved from http://soe.uncg.edu/academics/departments/lis/
North Carolina Central University. (2019). School of library and information sciences. Retrieved from http://www.nccuslis.org/
North Texas, University of. (2019). Department of information science. Retrieved from http://informationscience.unt.edu/master-science
O’Brien, K. L. (2017). Accreditation of library and information studies programs in the United States and Canada. In J. McDonald & M. Levine-Clark, (Ed.). Encyclopedia of library and information sciences (p.18). Boca Raton: CRC Press.
Oklahoma, University of. (2019). School of library and information studies. Retrieved from http://slis.ou.edu/
Ortiz-Repiso, V., Greenberg, J., & Calzada-Prado, J. (2018). A cross-institutional analysis of data-related curricula in information science programmes: A focused look at the iSchools. Journal of Information Science, 44(6), 768–784. Retrieved from https://doi.org/10.1177/0165551517748149
Ottawa, University of. (2019). School of information studies. Retrieved from http://arts.uottawa.ca/sis/
Pittsburgh, University of. (2019). Information culture and data stewardship. Retrieved from http://www.sci.pitt.edu/
Pratt Institute. (2019). School of information. Retrieved from http://www.pratt.edu/academics/information/
Professional Positions. (2013). In M. L. Clark & T. M. Carter (Eds.), ALA glossary of library and information science (p.202). Chicago: ALA editions.
Puerto Rico, University of. (2019). Information sciences and technologies. Retrieved from http://egcti.upr.edu/
Queens College, Cuny. (2019). Graduate school of library and information Studies. Retrieved from http://sites.google.com/a/qc.cuny.edu/gslis/
Rhode Island, University of. (2019). Graduate school of library and information studies. Retrieved from http://www.uri.edu/artsci/lsc/
Rubin, R. E. (2016). Library and information science: an evolving profession. Foundations of Library and Information Science (pp.239-304). Chicago: ALA Neal-Schuman.
Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey. (2019). Department of library and information science. Retrieved from http://comminfo.rutgers.edu/
San Jose State University. (2019). School of information. Retrieved from http://ischool.sjsu.edu/
Saracevic, T. (2010). Information Science. In M. J. Bates & M. N. Maack (Ed.), Encyclopedia of library and information sciences (p.2570). Boca Raton: CRC Press.
Saunders, L. (2015). Professional perspectives on library and information science education. The Library Quarterly, 4(85), 427-453. Retrieved from https://doi.org/10.1086/682735
Scripps-Hoekstra, L., Carroll, M., & Fotis, T. (2014). Technology competency requirements of ALA-Accredited library science programs: An updated analysis. Journal of Education for Library & Information Science, 55(1), 40-54. Retrieved from http://search.ebscohost.com.autorpa.lib.nccu.edu.tw/login.aspx?direct=true&db=lih&AN=93983865&lang=zh-tw&site=ehost-live
Simmons University. (2019). School of library and information science. Retrieved from http://www.simmons.edu/gslis
Smith, J. (2012). The best and worst master’s degrees for jobs. Retrieved from http://www.forbes.com/sites/jacquelynsmith/2012/06/08/the-best-and-worst-mastersdegrees-for-jobs-2/.
Smith, K., Hallam, G., & Ghosh, S. B. (2012). Guidelines for professional library/information educational programs. Retrieved from http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/.
Snyder, T.D., de Brey, C., & Dillow, S.A. (2018). Digest of education statistics 2016 (NCES 2017-094). Washington, DC: National Center for Education Statistics, Institute of Education Sciences, U.S. Department of Education.
South Carolina, University of. (2019). School of library and information science. Retrieved from http://www.libsci.sc.edu/
South Florida, University of. (2019). School of information. Retrieved from http://www.usf.edu/si
Southern California, University of. (2019). USC Marshall school of business. Retrieved from http://librarysciencedegree.usc.edu/
Southern Mississippi, The University of. (2019). School of library and information science. Retrieved from http://www.usm.edu/slis
Special Libraries Association. (2016). Competencies for information professionals. Retrieved from https://www.sla.org/about-sla/competencies/
St. Catherine University. (2019). Information management department. Retrieved from http://www2.stkate.edu/mlis/home
St. John`s University. (2019). Division of library and information science. Retrieved from http://www.stjohns.edu/dlis
Syracuse University. (2019). School of information studies. Retrieved from http://ischool.syr.edu/
Tawney, R. H. (1920). The acquisitive society. New York: Harcourt, Brace and company.
Teglovic, J., Jordan-Makely, C., Boyd, L., & Hofschire, L. (2012). What is the value of an MLIS to you? Denver, CO: Colorado State Library, Library Research Service.
Tennessee, University of. (2019). School of information sciences. Retrieved from http://www.sis.utk.edu/
Texas at Austin, University of. (2019). School of information. Retrieved from http://www.ischool.utexas.edu/
Texas Woman`s University. (2019). School of library and information studies. Retrieved from http://www.twu.edu/slis/
Toronto, University of. (2019). Faculty of information. Retrieved from http://www.ischool.utoronto.ca/
Triumph, T. F. & Beile, P. M. (2015). The trending academic library job market: An analysis of library position announcements from 2011 with comparisons to 1996 and 1988. College & Research Libraries, 76(6), 716-39.
Tucker, J. M., & Goedeken, E. A. (2010). History of libraries. In M. J. Bates & M. N. Maack (Ed.), Encyclopedia of library and information sciences (p.2080). Boca Raton: CRC Press.
Valdosta State University. (2019). Department of library and information studies. Retrieved from http://www.valdosta.edu/mlis/
Washington, University of. (2019). The Information school. Retrieved from http://ischool.uw.edu/
Wayne State University. (2019). School of information sciences. Retrieved from http://sis.wayne.edu/
WebJunction. (2014). Competency index for the library field 2014. Retrieved from https://www.webjunction.org/documents/webjunction/Competency_Index_for_the_Library_Field.html
Weech, T. (2015). New career opportunities and their impact on library and information science degrees, an exploratory study. BiD, (35), 45-50. Retrieved from http://search.ebscohost.com.autorpa.lib.nccu.edu.tw/login.aspx?direct=true&db=lih&AN=112309462&lang=zh-tw&site=ehost-live
Western Ontario, University of. (2019). Graduate programs in library & information science. Retrieved from http://www.fims.uwo.ca/
Williamson, C. C. (1923). Training for library service: A report prepared for the Carnegie Corporation of New York. Boston: D.B. Updike, The Merrymount Press. Retrieved from https://archive.org/details/trainingforlibra011790mbp/page/n9
Wisconsin-Madison, University of. (2019). Information school. Retrieved from http://ischool.wisc.edu/
Wisconsin-Milwaukee, University of. (2019). School of information studies. Retrieved from http://www4.uwm.edu/sois/		zh_TW
dc.identifier.doi (DOI) 10.6814/NCCU201900477en_US