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題名 住宅虛坪計價、實坪計價與分離計價之研究
Discussion on the way of housing pricing method作者 王怡文
Wang, Yi-Wen貢獻者 張金鶚<br>江穎慧
Chang, Chin-Oh<br>Chiang, Ying-Hui
王怡文
Wang, Yi-Wen關鍵詞 效用理論
住宅價格
公共設施
公設比
Utility theory
Housing pricie
Apartment amenities
Ratio of public area日期 2019 上傳時間 7-Aug-2019 16:45:47 (UTC+8) 摘要 隨著當前住宅價格攀升,大眾對住宅計價方式的討論愈加熱烈,亦產生許多說法。目前臺灣對集合住宅價格的計價方式是採虛坪計價(將建物專有與公設面積合併計算住宅價格),反觀香港、日本與新加坡皆採實坪計價(僅以建物專有面積計算住宅價格)。以特徵價格效用理論觀之,集合住宅公共設施帶來的效益也會影響住宅價格,Tse & Love(2000)研究顯示集合住宅公共設施為影響房價的因素之一,但實務上該如何採計公共設施的價格才能真正反映其效用?另一方面,內政部則欲提升住宅價格資訊透明度,於不動產交易實價登錄網站中分離專有面積與公設面積價格,惟分離計價方式尚未定論。有鑑於此,本研究欲以不同計價方式釐清集合住宅公共設施的價格。本研究資料為臺北大學特定區內19棟社區型集合住宅大樓,於2012年到2017年間的交易資料共1,154筆,並採特徵價格效用理論進行分析。研究結果顯示,集合住宅公共設施對住宅價格有正向影響,然而虛坪計價會高估住宅公設價格;實坪計價會低估住宅公設價格;將專有及公設面積分離計價發現,每坪住宅公設面積大約占專有面積價格的3成,以此價格比重分別訂定專有、公設面積價格,能夠反映住宅各部分面積的效用價值,解決過去虛坪計價造成的紛爭。此外,該價格比重亦可作為未來不動產交易實價登錄網站分離住宅專有與公設面積價格之參考,改善住宅價格組成資訊不透明的問題。
Public’s discussion on the pricing method has become more heated with the current rise in housing price, and many disputes have occurred. Recently, the pricing method of apartments in Taiwan based on the price includes private part and shared area(the area of apartment amenities of the building). In contrast, both Hong Kong, Singapore and Japan priced only private part of the building. In terms of utility theory, apartment amenities also bring benefits. Tse & Love (2000) showed that apartment amenities are the factors affecting housing prices, but how can the price of apartment amenities reflect utility practically? On the other hand, Taiwan’s government is looking for a method to separate the price of private area and the area of apartment amenities in order to improve the information of housing price, though the technique has not yet determined. Therefore, this study is going to analyze different pricing methods in order to clarify the real value of apartment amenities.This study based on utility theory, and selected the sale price of real estate in 19th apartment communities in a specific area of Taipei University, from 2012 to 2017, totally 1,154 data. The study found that apartment amenities have a positive impact on housing prices, while recent pricing method overestimates apartment amenities prices, the pricing methods which priced only private part of the building will underestimate apartment amenities prices. On the contrary, the pricing method which separates the private area and the area of apartment amenities found that apartment amenities only account for nearly 32% of the price of the private area. The ratio can be used not only as a reference for government to separate the price of private area and the area of apartment amenities in the future, improve the information of housing price, but also solve the dispute under recent pricing method.參考文獻 一、中文參考文獻1. 朱芳妮,2012,「集合住宅使用衝突與管理維護績效關係之探討」,『住宅學報』,21(1):37-66。2. 李佩芬、胡學彥,2002,「集合住宅大樓共用設施對住戶使用與不動產價值關係之探討:以高雄市三民區『園冶獎』個案為例」,『建築與規劃學報』,2(1):37-54。3. 李春長、游淑滿、張維倫,2012,「公共設施、環境品質與不動產景氣對住宅價格影響之研究—兼論不動產景氣之調節效果」,『住宅學報』,21(1):67-87。4. 林道弘,張金鶚,朱芳妮,2008,「集合住宅必要性與非必要性公共設施比例知多少-以臺北大學特定區為例」,論文發表於〈中華民國住宅學會第十八屆年會暨學術研討會〉,臺南崑山科技大學不動產經營系:臺南,2008年1月19日至20日。5. 林祖嘉、林素菁,1993,「臺灣地區環境品質與公共設施對房價與房租影響之分析」,『住宅學報』,1:21-45。6. 林祖嘉、馬毓駿,2007,「特徵方程式大量估價法在台灣不動產市場之應用」,『住宅學報』,16(2):1-22。7. 林逸杰,張金鶚,江穎慧,2011,「集合住宅專有部分與共有部分之分開計價問題探討-臺北大學特定區為例」,論文發表於〈中華民國住宅學會第二十一屆年會暨學術研討會〉,中國文化大學環境設計學院建築及都市設計學系:臺北,2011年12月15日。8. 陳淑美、林佩萱,2010,「住宅社區管理維護服務、管理費及與不動產價格折舊率關係之研究」,行政院國家科學委員會專題研究計畫。9. 陳覺惠,1999,「公寓大廈共用部分適宜性與使用管理之調查研究—以臺中市為例」,內政部建築研究所專題研究計畫成果報告。10. 梁仁旭,2015,「資本化率屋齡效果之比較分析」,『臺灣土地研究』,18(1):83-113。11. 張金鶚,1991,「集合住宅管理維護之研究」,內政部建築研究所籌備處專題研究計畫。12. 楊宗憲、蘇倖慧,2011,「迎毗設施與鄰避設施對住宅價格影響之研究」,『住宅學報』,12(2):61-80。13. 賴碧瑩,2007,「應用類神經網路於電腦輔助大量估價之研究」,『住宅學報』,16(2):43-65。二、英文參考文獻1. Andersson,E.D.,2000,“Hypothesis Testing in Hedonic Price Estimation On theSelection of Independent Variables", The Annals of Regional Science,34(2):293-304.2. Abelson,W.P.,1979,“Property Price and the Value of Amenities”, Journal ofEnvironmental Economics and Management, 6(1):11-28.3. Andrews,D.W.K.,2004,“The Block-Block Bootstrap:Improved AsymptoticRefinements”, Econometrica, 72(3):673-700.4. Barbon,N.,1905, A Discourse of Trade. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press.5. Benson,D.E.,Hansen,L.J.,Schwartz,L.A., and Smersh,T.G.,1998, “ Pricing Residential Amenities:The Value of a View”, Journal of Real Estate Finance and Economics, 16(1):55-73.6. Bible,D.S. and Hsieh,Cheng-Ho,1996, “Applications of Geographic Information Systems for the Analysis of Apartment Rents”, Journal of Real Estate Research, 12(1):79-88.7. Benefield,D.J.,2009,“Neighborhood Amenity Packages, Property Price, andMarketing Time", Property Management,27(5):348-370.8. Calhoun,C.A.,2001, “Property Valuation Methods and Data in the United States”, Housing Finance International,16(2): 12-23.9. Chan,Hon-Wan E., So,Hing-Mei, Tang,Bo-Sin and Wong,Wah-Sang,2008,“Private space, shared space and private housing prices in Hong Kong: An exploratory study”, Habitat International,32:336-348.10. Cheshire,P. and Sheppard,S.,1995, “On the Price of Land and the Value of Amenities”, Economica, 62(246):247-267.11. DiCiccio,J.C., Romano,P.J., and Wolf,M.,2019, “Improving Weighted LeastSquares Inference”, Econometrics and Statistics,10:96-119.12. Gossen,H.H.,1983,The Laws of Human Relations and the Rules of Human Action Derived Therefrom. Cambridge, Mass.: MIT Press.13. Hicks,J.R.,1957,Value and Capital: An Inquiry Into Some Fundamental Principles of Economic Theory. Oxford: Clarendon Press.14. Jevons,S.W.,1871,The Theory of Political Economy. London: Macmillan and Co.15. Jim,C.Y. and Chen,Y.W.,2009,“Value of Scenic Views: Hedonic Assessment ofPrivate Housing in Hong Kong",Landscape and Urban Planning,91:226-234.16. Malpezzi,S.,Ozanne,L., and Thibodeau,T.,1980,Characteristic Prices of Housing in Fifty-Nine Metropolitan Areas.Washington,D.C.:The Urban Institute.17. Mok,H.M.K.,Chan,P.P.K.,and Cho,Y.S.,1995, “A Hedonic Price Model for Private Properties in Hong Kong”, Journal of Real Estate Finance and Economics,10(1):37-48.18. Marshall, A.,1920,Principle of Economics.(8nd ed.). London: Macmillan and Co., Ltd.19. Rosen,S.,1974,“Hedonic Prices and Implicit Markets:Product Differentiation in Pure Competition",Journal of Political Economy,82(1):34-55.20. Sirmans,G.S.,Macpherson,A.D., and Zietz,N.E.,2005,“The Composition ofHedonic Pricing Models",Journal of Real Estate Literature, 13(1):1-44.21. So,T.P.A. and Leung,Y.T.A.,2004, “Survey on Attitudes Towards Buildings in Three Chinese cities: Hong Kong, Shanghai and Taipei”,Facilities,22:100-108.22. Söderberg,B.,2002,“A Note on the Hedonic Model Specification for IncomeProperties"pp. 157-180 in Real Estate Valuation Theory, edited by Wang,K. and Wolverton,L.M., Boston:Springer.23. Tse,Y.C.R. and Love, E.D.P.,2000,“Measuring Residential Property Values in Hong Kong",Property Management,18(5):366-374.24. Tse,Y.C.R.,2000,“Estimating Neighbourhood Effects in House Prices: Towards a New Hedonic Model Approach",Urban Studies, 39(7):1165-1180.25. Walras,L.,1954,Elements of Pure Economics: Or the Theory of Social Wealth.Illinois: Richard D. Irwin.三、網頁參考文獻謝明瑞,2012,「公設比與房價」,財團法人國家研究政策基金會國政研究報告。https://www.npf.org.tw/2/11132,取用日期:2019年4月15日。 描述 碩士
國立政治大學
地政學系
106257025資料來源 http://thesis.lib.nccu.edu.tw/record/#G0106257025 資料類型 thesis dc.contributor.advisor 張金鶚<br>江穎慧 zh_TW dc.contributor.advisor Chang, Chin-Oh<br>Chiang, Ying-Hui en_US dc.contributor.author (Authors) 王怡文 zh_TW dc.contributor.author (Authors) Wang, Yi-Wen en_US dc.creator (作者) 王怡文 zh_TW dc.creator (作者) Wang, Yi-Wen en_US dc.date (日期) 2019 en_US dc.date.accessioned 7-Aug-2019 16:45:47 (UTC+8) - dc.date.available 7-Aug-2019 16:45:47 (UTC+8) - dc.date.issued (上傳時間) 7-Aug-2019 16:45:47 (UTC+8) - dc.identifier (Other Identifiers) G0106257025 en_US dc.identifier.uri (URI) http://nccur.lib.nccu.edu.tw/handle/140.119/124924 - dc.description (描述) 碩士 zh_TW dc.description (描述) 國立政治大學 zh_TW dc.description (描述) 地政學系 zh_TW dc.description (描述) 106257025 zh_TW dc.description.abstract (摘要) 隨著當前住宅價格攀升,大眾對住宅計價方式的討論愈加熱烈,亦產生許多說法。目前臺灣對集合住宅價格的計價方式是採虛坪計價(將建物專有與公設面積合併計算住宅價格),反觀香港、日本與新加坡皆採實坪計價(僅以建物專有面積計算住宅價格)。以特徵價格效用理論觀之,集合住宅公共設施帶來的效益也會影響住宅價格,Tse & Love(2000)研究顯示集合住宅公共設施為影響房價的因素之一,但實務上該如何採計公共設施的價格才能真正反映其效用?另一方面,內政部則欲提升住宅價格資訊透明度,於不動產交易實價登錄網站中分離專有面積與公設面積價格,惟分離計價方式尚未定論。有鑑於此,本研究欲以不同計價方式釐清集合住宅公共設施的價格。本研究資料為臺北大學特定區內19棟社區型集合住宅大樓,於2012年到2017年間的交易資料共1,154筆,並採特徵價格效用理論進行分析。研究結果顯示,集合住宅公共設施對住宅價格有正向影響,然而虛坪計價會高估住宅公設價格;實坪計價會低估住宅公設價格;將專有及公設面積分離計價發現,每坪住宅公設面積大約占專有面積價格的3成,以此價格比重分別訂定專有、公設面積價格,能夠反映住宅各部分面積的效用價值,解決過去虛坪計價造成的紛爭。此外,該價格比重亦可作為未來不動產交易實價登錄網站分離住宅專有與公設面積價格之參考,改善住宅價格組成資訊不透明的問題。 zh_TW dc.description.abstract (摘要) Public’s discussion on the pricing method has become more heated with the current rise in housing price, and many disputes have occurred. Recently, the pricing method of apartments in Taiwan based on the price includes private part and shared area(the area of apartment amenities of the building). In contrast, both Hong Kong, Singapore and Japan priced only private part of the building. In terms of utility theory, apartment amenities also bring benefits. Tse & Love (2000) showed that apartment amenities are the factors affecting housing prices, but how can the price of apartment amenities reflect utility practically? On the other hand, Taiwan’s government is looking for a method to separate the price of private area and the area of apartment amenities in order to improve the information of housing price, though the technique has not yet determined. Therefore, this study is going to analyze different pricing methods in order to clarify the real value of apartment amenities.This study based on utility theory, and selected the sale price of real estate in 19th apartment communities in a specific area of Taipei University, from 2012 to 2017, totally 1,154 data. The study found that apartment amenities have a positive impact on housing prices, while recent pricing method overestimates apartment amenities prices, the pricing methods which priced only private part of the building will underestimate apartment amenities prices. On the contrary, the pricing method which separates the private area and the area of apartment amenities found that apartment amenities only account for nearly 32% of the price of the private area. The ratio can be used not only as a reference for government to separate the price of private area and the area of apartment amenities in the future, improve the information of housing price, but also solve the dispute under recent pricing method. en_US dc.description.tableofcontents 第一章 緒論 1第一節 研究動機與目的 1第二節 研究內容與方法 4第三節 研究架構與流程 7第二章 相關理論與文獻回顧 9第一節 特徵價格效用理論 9第二節 集合住宅公共設施 12第三節 住宅計價方式 14第四節 小結 22第三章 研究設計與資料說明 23第一節 研究設計 23第二節 實證模型建立 24第三節 資料說明與處理 30第四章 實證結果與分析 33第一節 虛坪計價、實坪計價與分離計價之實證結果 33第二節 虛坪計價、實坪計價與分離計價之差異分析 38第三節 實坪計價與分離計價之實務應用 41第五章 結論與建議 49第一節 結論 49第二節 建議 51參考文獻 52附錄一 56附錄二 57附錄三 58 zh_TW dc.format.extent 5343947 bytes - dc.format.mimetype application/pdf - dc.source.uri (資料來源) http://thesis.lib.nccu.edu.tw/record/#G0106257025 en_US dc.subject (關鍵詞) 效用理論 zh_TW dc.subject (關鍵詞) 住宅價格 zh_TW dc.subject (關鍵詞) 公共設施 zh_TW dc.subject (關鍵詞) 公設比 zh_TW dc.subject (關鍵詞) Utility theory en_US dc.subject (關鍵詞) Housing pricie en_US dc.subject (關鍵詞) Apartment amenities en_US dc.subject (關鍵詞) Ratio of public area en_US dc.title (題名) 住宅虛坪計價、實坪計價與分離計價之研究 zh_TW dc.title (題名) Discussion on the way of housing pricing method en_US dc.type (資料類型) thesis en_US dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 一、中文參考文獻1. 朱芳妮,2012,「集合住宅使用衝突與管理維護績效關係之探討」,『住宅學報』,21(1):37-66。2. 李佩芬、胡學彥,2002,「集合住宅大樓共用設施對住戶使用與不動產價值關係之探討:以高雄市三民區『園冶獎』個案為例」,『建築與規劃學報』,2(1):37-54。3. 李春長、游淑滿、張維倫,2012,「公共設施、環境品質與不動產景氣對住宅價格影響之研究—兼論不動產景氣之調節效果」,『住宅學報』,21(1):67-87。4. 林道弘,張金鶚,朱芳妮,2008,「集合住宅必要性與非必要性公共設施比例知多少-以臺北大學特定區為例」,論文發表於〈中華民國住宅學會第十八屆年會暨學術研討會〉,臺南崑山科技大學不動產經營系:臺南,2008年1月19日至20日。5. 林祖嘉、林素菁,1993,「臺灣地區環境品質與公共設施對房價與房租影響之分析」,『住宅學報』,1:21-45。6. 林祖嘉、馬毓駿,2007,「特徵方程式大量估價法在台灣不動產市場之應用」,『住宅學報』,16(2):1-22。7. 林逸杰,張金鶚,江穎慧,2011,「集合住宅專有部分與共有部分之分開計價問題探討-臺北大學特定區為例」,論文發表於〈中華民國住宅學會第二十一屆年會暨學術研討會〉,中國文化大學環境設計學院建築及都市設計學系:臺北,2011年12月15日。8. 陳淑美、林佩萱,2010,「住宅社區管理維護服務、管理費及與不動產價格折舊率關係之研究」,行政院國家科學委員會專題研究計畫。9. 陳覺惠,1999,「公寓大廈共用部分適宜性與使用管理之調查研究—以臺中市為例」,內政部建築研究所專題研究計畫成果報告。10. 梁仁旭,2015,「資本化率屋齡效果之比較分析」,『臺灣土地研究』,18(1):83-113。11. 張金鶚,1991,「集合住宅管理維護之研究」,內政部建築研究所籌備處專題研究計畫。12. 楊宗憲、蘇倖慧,2011,「迎毗設施與鄰避設施對住宅價格影響之研究」,『住宅學報』,12(2):61-80。13. 賴碧瑩,2007,「應用類神經網路於電腦輔助大量估價之研究」,『住宅學報』,16(2):43-65。二、英文參考文獻1. Andersson,E.D.,2000,“Hypothesis Testing in Hedonic Price Estimation On theSelection of Independent Variables", The Annals of Regional Science,34(2):293-304.2. Abelson,W.P.,1979,“Property Price and the Value of Amenities”, Journal ofEnvironmental Economics and Management, 6(1):11-28.3. Andrews,D.W.K.,2004,“The Block-Block Bootstrap:Improved AsymptoticRefinements”, Econometrica, 72(3):673-700.4. Barbon,N.,1905, A Discourse of Trade. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press.5. Benson,D.E.,Hansen,L.J.,Schwartz,L.A., and Smersh,T.G.,1998, “ Pricing Residential Amenities:The Value of a View”, Journal of Real Estate Finance and Economics, 16(1):55-73.6. Bible,D.S. and Hsieh,Cheng-Ho,1996, “Applications of Geographic Information Systems for the Analysis of Apartment Rents”, Journal of Real Estate Research, 12(1):79-88.7. Benefield,D.J.,2009,“Neighborhood Amenity Packages, Property Price, andMarketing Time", Property Management,27(5):348-370.8. Calhoun,C.A.,2001, “Property Valuation Methods and Data in the United States”, Housing Finance International,16(2): 12-23.9. Chan,Hon-Wan E., So,Hing-Mei, Tang,Bo-Sin and Wong,Wah-Sang,2008,“Private space, shared space and private housing prices in Hong Kong: An exploratory study”, Habitat International,32:336-348.10. Cheshire,P. and Sheppard,S.,1995, “On the Price of Land and the Value of Amenities”, Economica, 62(246):247-267.11. DiCiccio,J.C., Romano,P.J., and Wolf,M.,2019, “Improving Weighted LeastSquares Inference”, Econometrics and Statistics,10:96-119.12. Gossen,H.H.,1983,The Laws of Human Relations and the Rules of Human Action Derived Therefrom. Cambridge, Mass.: MIT Press.13. Hicks,J.R.,1957,Value and Capital: An Inquiry Into Some Fundamental Principles of Economic Theory. Oxford: Clarendon Press.14. Jevons,S.W.,1871,The Theory of Political Economy. London: Macmillan and Co.15. 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