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題名 西方國家經濟制裁對俄中關係之影響
The impact of western economic sanctions on Russo-Chinese Relations作者 何祖儀
Ho, Tsu-I貢獻者 林永芳
Lin, Yung-Fang
何祖儀
Ho, Tsu-I關鍵詞 經濟制裁
俄中關係
烏克蘭危機
克里米亞事件
一帶一路
Russo-Chinese relation
Western economic sanctions
Political status of Crimea
Ukrainian crisis
The Belt and Road Initiative日期 2019 上傳時間 7-Aug-2019 16:57:41 (UTC+8) 摘要 2014年爆發克里米亞事件,西方各國連聲撻伐俄羅斯,並引發一系列對俄之經濟制裁。此事件重挫俄國原與歐洲傳統的緊密關係,其轉而加深與亞洲之間的外交動向,尤其是與中國的經濟與戰略合作。本論文將先行分析2014年至2018年底的西方經濟制裁,歐美兩方對制裁內容間的分歧、各自對克里米亞事件所持觀點,以及與俄羅斯的親疏程度。再來探究對於俄羅斯經濟所造成的影響。而後進入本論文主題,探究2014年制裁前之俄中關係,與此制裁後至2019年年初,其係如何深化俄中間的交流合作,並將俄中關係的加深以戰略、能源及金融貿易三大層面,並各舉一到二個個案作詳細分析。俄中兩國原就已商談多年各層面的合作協議,卻大多遲遲未有定論,因2014年烏克蘭危機的催化下,加速俄中合作大門,中國成為俄羅斯東向政策外交重心。俄羅斯為一介能源與軍事強國,無論是世界油氣蘊藏量或係武器技術含量皆頗具影響力;而中國為俄第一大鄰國,且是國際上頗具份量的經濟體。此次制裁將使俄羅斯的外交重心漸移向亞太地區,俄中之間的深化合作與互動,將持續牽動國際關係動向。
In 2014, the Political status of Crimea occurred. Western countries teamed up and had an outcry about it, and started a series of economic sanctions against Russian. This incident had a serious impact on the close relation Russia and Europe originally had, and strengthened the diplomatic tendency between Russia and Asia, especially economical and strategical cooperation with China. In this thesis, the Western Economic Sanctions from 2014 to 2018 will be analyzed. Also, the different opinions of Europe and the U.S. about these sanctions, their views about the Political status of Crimea, and how close their relation is with Russia will be discussed. Also, how the above caused impact on Russia’s economic will be discussed as well. Next, moving on to the main topic of this thesis, the Russo-Chinese Relation before the sanctions in 2014, and the Russo-Chinese Relation after the sanctions till the early 2019 will be discussed. Also, how the sanctions strengthened the communication and cooperation between Russia and China will be talked about. Then, the three aspects of the strengthened relationship, which are strategy, power source, finance and trading, will be discussed and exemplified with one or two individual cases, and the cases will be analyzed thoroughly.Russia and China had been discussing about cooperation agreements of various matters for years, yet nothing has really been confirmed. However, the Ukrainian Crisis in 2014 turned out to be an activator, and speeded up the cooperation between Russia and China. Therefore, China became the main diplomatic focus of Russia’s Look East Policy. Russia is a country strong in power source and military, no matter when it comes to oil reserves or weapon technology quality, Russia is quite influential in both. China is the biggest neighbor country of Russia, and is also quite influential in economic internationally. 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研討會論文尤勝東,〈西伯利亞-太平洋輸油管線和東亞石油市場〉,《科技整合管理研討會》,2005年5月,頁320-333。劉波,〈一帶一路與歐亞經濟聯盟對接暨第二屆中俄經濟合作高層智庫研討會紀實〉,《西伯利亞研究》,2015年,第42卷,第5期,頁94-95。(四) 學位論文王亦超,《普欽時期俄羅斯對中國經濟戰略之研究》,(台北:國立政治大學俄羅斯研究所,2010年)。王洪謙,《冷戰後俄國軍售蘇愷戰機之研究:1992-2011》,(台北:國立政治大學俄羅斯研究所,2011年)。李靜杰,《中俄戰略協作伙伴關係》,(台北:國立政治大學俄羅斯研究所,2008年)。周建宏,《俄羅斯兼併克里米亞—地緣政治的視角》,(台北:國立政治大學俄羅斯研究所,2016年)。(五)網路資料《中俄關於全面戰略協作夥伴關係新階段的聯合聲明》(2014/05/20)中華人民共和國外交部https://www.mfa.gov.cn/chn//pds/ziliao/1179/t1157763.htm《中華人民共和國和俄羅斯聯邦睦鄰友好合作條約》(2001/07/16)中國人大網>全國人民大會http://www.npc.gov.cn/wxzl/gongbao/20012/06/content_5280849.htm《中華人民共和國和俄羅斯聯邦關於中俄國界東段的補充協定》(2004/10/10)中國人大網>全國人民大會 http://www.npc.gov.cn/wxzl/wxzl/20007/28/content_341693.htm《中華人民共和國和俄羅斯聯邦關於重大國際問題的聯合聲明》(2008/05/23)中國政府網http://big5.www.gov.cn/gate/big5/www.gov.cn/ldhd/2008-05/23/content_990500.htm2009年俄羅斯貨物貿易及中俄邊境貿易概況(2010)中華人民共和國商務部>國別報告https://countryreport.mofcom.gov.cn/record/view110209.asp?news_id=188202014年上半年中俄貿易額達445.4億美元(2014/07/06)中華人民共和國商務部http://www.mofcom.gov.cn/article/i/jyjl/ e/201407/20140700660030.shtml2018年俄羅斯貨物貿易概況,中華人民共和國商務部https://countryreport.mofcom.gov.cn/record/view110209.asp?news_id=63198APEC各會員體能源資訊分析(2018/09/14)APEC國際能源合作網https://apecenergy.tier.org.tw/energy2/russia.php中方總導演:「東方-2018」軍演對深化中俄軍事安全合作具有積極意義(2018/09/13)俄羅斯衛星通訊社http://big5.sputniknews.cn/military/201809131026345790/中石油與俄羅斯兩大能源公司簽署合作協議(2018/09/14)俄羅斯衛星通訊社http://sputniknews.cn/russia_china_relations/201809141026351324/中資企業在俄羅斯經營指南-俄羅斯中資企業2016年度白皮書(2016/11/22)中國國際貿易促進委員會>中國國際商會駐俄羅斯代表處http://aaa.ccpit.org/Category7/Asset/2016/Nov/22/onlineeditimages/ file71479813878037.pdf中俄「海上聯合-2017」第二階段軍事演習精彩回顧(2017/10/03)中華人民共和國國防部http://www.mod.gov.cn/big5/photos/2017-10/03/content_4793847.htm中俄東線天然氣管道中段工程或於2020年10月建成(2019/07/05)俄羅斯衛星通訊社http://big5.sputniknews.cn/economics/201907051028931702/中俄簽署《關於歐亞經濟夥伴關係協定聯合可行性研究的聯合聲明》(2017/07/04)中華人民共和國商務部http://www.mofcom.gov.cn/article/ae/ai/201707/20170702604249.shtml中國前駐俄大使:俄中關係是保持國際戰略安全和穩定的重要因素(2018/09/28)俄羅斯衛星通訊社http://big5.sputniknews.cn/politics/201809281026462571/中國海關總署:2017年中俄雙邊貿易額超840億美元(2018/01/12)俄羅斯衛星通訊社http://big5.sputniknews.cn/politics/201801121024464345/中蘇聯合公報,共產黨新聞>十三大以來重要文獻選編上http://cpc.people.com.cn/GB/64184/64186/66681/4494003.html今年前3季度中俄雙邊貿易額近350億美元(2008/01/04)中華人民共和國海關總署http://www.customs.gov.cn/customs/302249/302274/jcyjfxwz/jcyjfxwz39/333820/index.html王士彬,歐陽浩,習近平會見俄羅斯國防部長紹伊古(2018/10/19)中國軍網http://www.81.cn/big5/xue-xi/2018-10/19/content_9318018.htm王林,俄天然氣市場強勢地位將更加鞏固(2018/12/03)中國能源報第6版http://paper.people.com.cn/zgnyb/html/2018-12/03/content_1896800.htm印俄簽署S-400採購合約 恐引發美制裁(2018/10/05)聯合新聞網https://udn.com/news/story/6809/3406375冰上絲路中俄啟航將影響全球貿易及能源供應格局(2018/09/12)中國大公網http://www.takungpao.com/news/232111/2018/0912/216008.html亞馬爾液化天然氣項目(2019/04/11)俄羅斯衛星通訊社http://big5.sputniknews.cn/infographics/201904111028168942/研析川普就任美國總統後有關美歐對俄經濟制裁措施可能之發展(2017/06/29)台灣貿易局>台灣駐俄羅斯經濟組https://nccu.edu.tw/cgi-bin/downfile B25934717216面對美國新制裁 俄經濟試甩脫美元(2018/11/07)中央通訊社https://www.cna.com.tw/news/afe/201811070246.aspx消息人士:俄羅斯水電集團將發行三年期人民幣歐洲債券(2018/11/15)俄羅斯衛星通訊社http://big5.sputniknews.cn/economics/201811151026843228/俄Rosneft公司以最佳提案依法收購Bashneft公司股權(2016/11/15)俄羅斯衛星通訊社 http://big5.sputniknews.cn/economics/201611151021170105/俄中「海上聯合-2017」第一階段演習在波羅的海海域舉行(2017/07/22)俄羅斯衛星通訊社http://big5.sputniknews.cn/china/201707221023180774/俄中貿易靠什麼達到創紀錄的1070億美元?(2019/01/17)中國一帶一路網https://www.yidaiyilu.gov.cn/info/iList.jsp?tm_id=126&cat_id=10026&info_id=7765俄打造核動力「巨獸」維護其北極利益(2019/06/04)人民網>軍事http://military.people.com.cn/BIG5/n1/2019/0604/c1011-31119286.html俄印軍事技術合作有多深入(2018/11/29)新華網http://www.xinhuanet.com/mil/2018-11/29/c_1210005156.htm俄媒體:俄中籤署S-400供應合約(2014/11/26)俄羅斯衛星網http://sputniknews.cn/russia_china_relations/2014112644207346/俄羅斯摩爾曼斯克州州長:冰上絲綢之路為北極發展注入新動能(2018/02/18)中國一帶一路網 https://www.yidaiyilu.gov.cn/ghsl/hwksl/48423.htm看2018中俄關係走勢(2018/01/15)世界之聲https://is.gd/wqCX8b美制裁後盧布貶值俄股市經歷黑色星期一(2018/04/11)美國之音https://www.voacantonese.com/a/news-russian-currency-depreciate-stock-market-plunged-after-sanctions-20180410/4341832.html美國及歐盟與俄羅斯相互實施之經濟制裁措施列表(2017/06/26)台灣貿易局http://www.cieca.org.tw/comm/upfile/f_170711_00252.pdf海關促進中俄經貿發展(2017/07/04)中華人民共和國海關總署http://www.customs.gov.cn/customs/302249/302425/713382/index.html陳雅文,個案研究法,(1995/12/20)國家教育研究院>圖書館學與資訊學科大辭典http://terms.naer.edu.tw/detail/1681584/專家:熊貓債券是對中國金融系統穩定性的測試(2019/03/02)俄羅斯衛星通訊社http://big5.sputniknews.cn/opinion/201903021027819736/普京公開無敵武器要美國重視俄羅斯(2018/03/06) BBC News中文https://www.bbc.com/zhongwen/trad/world-43304524華信收購俄油股權交易被終止 拖欠員工薪資(2018/05/06)大紀元http://www.epochtimes.com/b5/18/5/5/n10365521.htm新聞分析:俄羅斯能否對華擴大武器出口?(2018/07/31)透視俄羅斯http://tsrus.cn/junshi/2018/07/31/662501劉燕平,俄羅斯的礦產資源與礦業管理(三)(2011/10/31)中俄法律網http://www.chinaruslaw.com/CN/CnRuTrade/EnergyCooperate/20111031173618_809658.htm摩爾曼斯克州(2018/01/01)中華人民共和國駐聖彼得堡領事館>領區概況https://www.fmprc.gov.cn/ce/cgstp/chn/lqgk/mermsz/t632783.htm融合「海上聯合-2014」中俄軍演主題詞(2014/05/30)中華人民共和國國防部http://news.mod.gov.cn/action/2014-05/30/content_4513056_4.htm賴錦宏,中俄天然氣西線供氣達成協議(2018/12/04)經濟日報>兩岸焦點https://money.udn.com/money/story/8944/3518153二、英文部分(一) 專書Baranovsky Vladimir, Russia`s attitudes towards the EU: political aspects,(Helsinki and Berlin: Ulkopoliitinen instiuuti Instiut fur Europaische Politik, 2002)Carlson Brian G., Strategic Trends 2018, (Zurich: Center for Security Studies, 2018)Cecilie Sendstad, Richard Connolly, Russia and Eurasia Programme, (London: The Royal Institute of International Affairs, Chatham House, 2017)Chase Michael S., Medeiros, Evan S., Russia-China Relations: Assessing Common Ground and Strategic Fault Lines, (Washington: The National Bureau of Asian Research, 2017)Dougherty James E, Pfaltzgraff Robert L, Contending Theories of International Relations a Comprehensive Survey,(New York: Harper & Row, 2003)Duesterberg Thomas J., Norman Donald A. and Werling Jeffrey F., Lifting the Crude Oil Export Ban: The impact on U.S. Manufacturing, (Washington: The Aspen Institute, 2014)Engelbrekmt Kjell, Watts John, Sino-Russian Strategic Collaboration: Still an “Axis of Convenience”? (Swnden: Swedish Defence University, 2015)Henderson James, Mitrova Tatiana, Energy Relations between Russia and China: Playing Chess with the Dragon, (England: The Oxford Institute for Energy Studies, 2016)Hidetaka Yoshimatsu, The Political Economy of Regionalism in East Asia, (New York: Palgrave Macmillan Press, 2008)International Monetary Fund, World Economic Outlook: Subdued Demand: Symptoms and Remedies, (Washington: International Monetary Fund, 2016)Jarosław Ćwiek Karpowicz, Stanislav Secrieru, Russia and Sanctions, (Warsaw: The Polish Institute of International Affairs, 2015)Keohane, Robert O., S., Joseph, Power and Interdependence (3rd Edition), (London: Pearson Education, 2001)Lo Bobo, Axis of Convenience: Moscow, Beijing, and the New Geopolitics, (Washington D. C.: The Brookings Institution Press, 2008)Oxenstierna Susanne, Tynkkynen Veli-Pekka, Russian Energy and Security up to 2030, (New York: Routledge, 2014)Paik Keun Wook, Sino-Russian Gas and Oil Cooperation: Entering into a New Era of StrategicPartnership? 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Kristensen; Norris Robert S., Russian Nuclear Forces 2017, Bulletin of the Atomic Scientists, (2017), Vol.73, p.115-126.Hans M. 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Can They Work Together?, Centre for European Reform, (2017), pp.1-13Gabuev Alexander, Did Western Sanctions Affect Sino-Russia Economic Ties?, University of Nottingham, (2016), pp.1-3.Gisela Grieger, Russian ties with China in the face of Western sanctions, European Parliamentary Research, (2017), pp.1-8.Wilson Alex Benjamin, Liquefied Natural Gas in Europe, European Parliamentary Research, (2015), pp.1-8.White House, The Support for the Sovereignty, Integrity, Democracy and Economic Stability of Ukraine Act of 2014, Congressional Record, (2014), Vol.160, Sec.8-10, pp.1093-1096(四)網路資料About Trade Representation (2018/01/07) Russian Trade Represetation in People’s Republic of China http://china.ved.gov.ru/chn//Article/Details/34509Abrichnaya Elena, Winning Alexander, Russia says ruble crisis over as reserves dive inflation climbs (2014/12/25) Reutershttps://in.reuters.com/article/us-russia-crisis-rouble/russia-says-ruble-crisis-over-as-reserves-dive-inflation-cli mbs-idINKBN0K30FC20141225Ambassador Nikki Haley Remarks at a UN Security Council Briefing on Ukraine (2017/02/17) U.S. Mission to the United Nations Https://usun.state.gov/remarks/7668.Arnfinn Jørgensen-Dahl, Arctic Oil and Gas (2009/05/28) Arctishttp://www.arctis-search.com/Arctic+Oil+and+GasAssessment of Undiscovered Oil and Gas Resources of the Southern Siberian Craton Russia (2011) USGS World Petroleum Resources Projects https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/2011/3155/report/FS11-3155.pdfBP’s 2016 Energy Outlook to 2035: Overview and analysis (2016/03) Share Actionhttps://shareaction.org/wp-content/uploads/2016/03/BPEnergyOutlook.pdfBP Statistical Review of World Energy 2018 (2018/06/13) BP Statistical Reviewhttps://www.bp.com/content/dam/bp/en/corporate/pdf/energy-economics/statistical-review/bp-stats-review-2018-full-report.pdfBP`s risky Rosneft relationship: `We work in countries with ups and downs` (2014/07/31)The Guardian Newshttps://www.theguardian.com/business/2014/jul/31/bp-risky-rosneft-russia-relationship-work-in-countries-ups-and-downsBreffni O`Rourke, China/Russia: CNPC Denied Intended Stake In Rosneft (2006/07/23) Radio Free Europe https://www.rferl.org/a/1069961.htmlBros, Aurelie and Tatiana Mitrova., Yamal LNG: an economic project under political pressure (2016/01/07) Fondation pour la Recherche Stratégiquehttps://www.academia.edu/34379480/Yamal_LNG_an_economic_project_under_political_pressureBruno Waterfield, Peter Dominiczak, David Blair, Russia Suspended from G8 Club of Rich Countries (2014/03/24) Business Insider https://www.businessinsider.com/russia-temporarily-kicked-ou-of-g8-club-tof-rich-countries-2014-3Carol Matlack, Why the U.S. is Targeting the Business Empire of a Putin Ally (2014/04/29) Bloomberg Business Weekhttps://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2014-04-28/the-u-dot-s-dot-sanctions-putin-ally-gennady-timchenkoCarrie Gracie, Brothers again? 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Sokov, Why Russia calls a limited nuclear strike “de-escalation” (2014/03/13) Bulletin of the Atomic Scientistshttps://thebulletin.org/2014/03/why-russia-calls-a-limited-nuclear-strike-de-escalation/Novatek, China’s Silk Road Fund finalize Yamal LNG stake sale (2016/03/15)LNG World Newshttps://www.lngworldnews.com/novate k-chinas-silk-road-fund-finalize-yamal-lng-stake-sale/Over 1,100 kilometers of Power of Siberia gas pipeline to be completed by late 2017(2017/06/08) Gazpromhttp://www.gazprom.com/press/news/2017/june/article335985/P-PUBLIC-ADD-SERIESJunefinalRussiaEconomicRep ortENG.pdfsequence=1P. Spiegel, Ukraine Crisis: EU to Weigh Far-reaching Sanctions on Russia (2014/07/24) Financial Timeshttp://www.ft.com/cms/s/0/15ecc35c-12a4-11e4-a6d400144feabdc0.html#-axzz3AHUwYHCMPrime Minister Vladimir Putin holds a conference on the General Scheme for Gas Industry Development until 2030 in Novy Urengoi (2010/10/11) Government of the Russian Federation 2011 http://archive.premier.gov.ru/eng/events/news/12539/print/Putin signs Russian `counter-sanctions` into law (2018/06/04) Reuters https://www.reuters.com/article/us-usa-russia-sanctions-law/putin-signs-russian-counter-sanctions-into-law-idUSKCN1J01IKRosneft Develops Cooperation with Chinese Partners (2017/08/17)Oil & Gas Drill >Regions>Asia https://www.oilandgasdrill.com/regions/asia-oceania/rosneft-develops-cooperation-chinese-partners/Russia Energy Data (2010/12/01) IEA> Statistics and Analysis-Oil, Gas, Electricity, Coal. http://www.eia.doe.gov/emeu/cabs/Russia/pdf.pdf. 01 December 2010.Rosneft and Beijing Gas Sign Binding Documents for the Sale of 20% Stake in Verkhnechonskneftegaz (2016/07/11) Rosneft Press Release https://www.rosneft.com/press/releases/item/184439/Rosneft Closed the Deal to Sell 20% of Verkhnechonskneftegaz to Chinese Beijing Gas (2017/06/29) Invest in Russiahttp://investinrussia.com/news/10742-rosneft-zakryla-sdelku-po-prodazhe-kitaiskoiRosneft and Beijing Gas Sign Binding Documents for the Sale of 20% Stake in Verkhnechonskneftegaz (2016/07/11) Rosneft Press Release https://www.rosneft.com/press/releases/item/184439/Rosneft takes over TNK-BP in $55bn deal (2013/03/21) The Guardian https://www.theguardian.com/business/2013/mar/21/rosneft-takes-over-tnk-bpRosneft’s Russian Crude Output Drops to Lowest since TNK-BP Deal (2014/09/02) Bloomberghttps://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2014-09-02/rosneft-s-russian-crude-output-drops-to-lowest-since-tnk-bp-dealRussia Allows Changes to Natural Gas Prices in Europe (2014/06/02)Stratfor>Worldview>Germany and Economicshttps://worldview.stratfor.com/article/russia-allows-changes-natural-gas-prices-europeRussia launches biggest war games since Cold War (2018/09/11) BBC News https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-europe-45470460Russia to Build 2 Pipelines in the East (2003/02/11) The New York Times https://www.nytimes.com/2003/02/11/business/russia-to-build-2-pipelines-in-the-east.htmlRussia seen adding 600,000 b/d of oil output by late 2019: analysts (2018/07/11)S&P Global Plattshttps://www.spglobal.com/platts/en/market-insights/latest-news/oil/071118-russia-seen-adding-600000-bd-of-oil-output-by-late-2019-analystsRussia WAR GAMES: Putin launches BIGGEST military exercise in 40 years with China (2018/08/21) Express Newshttps://www.express.co.uk/news/world/1006354/Russia-news-russia-war-games-china-world-war-3-latestRussia`s debt downgraded to junk by Moody`s (2015/02/21) The Guardianhttps://www.theguardian.com/world/2015/feb/21/russias-debt-downgraded-junk-moodysRussia’s Rouble Crisis Going over the Edge (2014/12/16) The Economist https://www.economist.com/finance-and-economics/2014/12/16/going-over-the-edgeRussia launches $27 billion Yamal gas plant in the Arctic (2017/12/09)The Kathmandu Post Logohttp://kathmandupost.ekantipur.com/printedition/news/2017-12-09/russia-launches-27-billion-yamal-gas-plant-in-the-arctic.htmlRussian spy: What happened to Sergei and Yulia Skripal? (2018/09/27) BBC News https://www.bbc.com/news/uk-43643025Russian tanker sails through Arctic without icebreaker for first time (2017/08/24)The Guardianhttps://www.theguardian.com/environment/2017/aug/24/russian-tanker-sails-arctic-without-icebreaker-firsttimeSakhalin Energy hits 1000 LNG cargoes milestone (2015/08/26) LNG World Newshttps://www.lngworldnews.com/sakhalin-energy-hits-1000-lng-cargoes-milestone/See Supreme Commander Vladimir Putin’s speachto the MOD board (2018/09/20) Red Starhttp://redstar.ru/za-schyot-gibkih-ne-rastochitelnyh-dlya-byudzheta-no-effektivnyhSanctions effect: Russia to change its economic partners for the better(2014/03/26)RT News http://rt.com/op-edge/russia-switches-to- brics-sanctions-357/Sanctions, Government of Netherlandshttps://www.government.nl/topics/international-peace-and-security/compliance-with-international-sanctionsSIPRI Arms Transfers Database (2018) Stockholm International Peace Research Institute https://www.sipri.org/databases/armstransfersSoldatkin Vladimir, Gazprom net income plunges 86 pct on oil price drop rouble (2015/04/29) Reuterhttps://uk.reuters.com/article/us-gazprom-results/gazprom-net-income-plunges-86-pct-on-oil-price-drop-rouble-idUKKBN0NK1XP20150429Presentation of I.I. Sechin on the Energy Section (2018/05/20) St. Petersburg International Economic Forum 2018 https://www.rosneft.com/upload/site2/attach/0/11/pdf25052018en.pdfStaalesen Atle, Offshore Arctic platform Prirazlomnaya prepares for doubling of production (2018/03/19) The Barents Observe https://thebarentsobserver.com/en/industry-and-energy/2018/03/offshore-arctic-platform-prraizlomnaya-prepares-doubling-productionStatement by the President on New Sanctions Related to Russia (2014/09/11)White House Office of the Press Secretaryhttps://obamawhitehouse.archives.gov/the-press-office/2014/09/11/statement-president-new-sanctions t-related-russiaStatoil Says Oilfield Deal with Rosneft Complies with Sanctions (2017/09/07) Reutershttps://www.reuters.com/article/us-statoil-rosneft-russia/statoil-says-oilfield-deal-with-rosneft-complies-with-sanctions-idUSKCN1BI0VZStunning beauty inside mysterious Siberian crater (2014/11/13) RT News https://www.rt.com/news/204823-russia-siberia-crater-photos/Tiresias, Asian energy pipelines open fresh markets for Russia (2013/02/22) INTEL and Analysis http://likebulb.blogspot.com/2013/02/asian-energy-piplines-open-fresh.htmlTIV of arms exports from Russia 2010–2013 (2018/03/04) SIPRIhttp://armstrade.sipri.org/armstrade/html/exportvalues.phpTrends in International Arms Transfers 2017 (2018/03/18) SIPRI Fact Sheethttps://www.sipri.org/sites/default/files/2018-03/fssipri_at2017_0.pdfTurkmen gas exports to China to hit 65bcma by 2020(2013/09/03) Reuters https://www.reuters.com/article/gas-turkmenistan-china/turkmen-gas-exports-to-china-to-hit-65-bcm-year-by-2020-idUSL6N0GZ0OT20130903U.S. Navy on alert: China, Russia to launch largest-ever joint navy exercise (2015/08/18)The New York Timeshttps://www.washingtontimes.com/news/2015/aug/18/china-russia-to-launch-largest-ever-joint-navy-exe/Ukraine crisis: US and EU boost sanctions on Russia (2014/07/17) BBC News https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-europe-28338897US Dollar/Ruble and Euro/Ruble Exchange Rates and Exchange Trade (2018/12/12)The Central Bank of the Russian Federation https://www.cbr.ru/eng/hd_base/micex.doc/US imposes sanctions on China for buying Russian weapons (2018/09/21) BBC News https://www.bbc.com/news/world-us-canada-45596485What are Sanctions? (2018/12/12) Comply Advantage https://complyadvantage.com/knowledgebase/sanctions/Yamal LNG Boots Novatek’s First Half Figures (2018/07/25) LNG World News https://www.lngworldnews.com/yamal-lng-boosts-novateks-first-half-figures/三、俄文資料(一) 書籍Гутник Владимир, Мировая эканомика , С. Караганов , Мир вокруг росии: 2017—Контуры недалекого будущего(俄羅斯周邊世界:2017年-近期概述)(Москва: Совет по внешней и оборонной политике, 2007)(莫斯科:外交與國防政策委員會,2007)(二)期刊Khaints Timmerman, Vneshnyaya Politika: Poiski Hovoy Idyentichnosti(外交政策:尋找新共同點), Mirovaya Ekonomika i Mezhdunarodnye Otnosheniya(世界經濟與國際關係), (1994), No.2, p.19.(三)網路資料В. Мухин, Москва корректирует военную доктрину(莫斯科糾正軍事學說)(2014/08/01) Независимая Газета(獨立報)http://www.ng.ru/armies/2014-08-01/1_doctrine.html?print=Y.Владимир Путин: связи РФ и КНР достигли наивысшего уровня и продолжают развиваться(弗拉基米爾·普京:俄羅斯聯邦和中國關係已達最高水平並繼續發展)(2015/09/01) ИТАР-TACC(俄羅斯國家通訊社)https://tass.ru/interviews/2222240В. Прокофьев, "Мистраль пливет"(米斯特拉爾的漂浮物)(2014/09/13) Российская газета(俄羅斯報)http://www.rg.ru/2014/09/13/vladivostok-site.html.В. Мухин, Москва корректирует военную доктрину(莫斯科糾正軍事學說)(2014/08/01) Независимая Газета(獨立報)https://www.ng.ru/armies/2014-08-01Соглашение между Правительством Российской Федерации и Правительством Китайской Народной Республики о ПродолженииСотрудничества в Энергетической Сфере(俄羅斯聯邦和中華人民共和國政府政府關於繼續共同開展能源領域合作的協定)http://www.crc.mofcom.gov.cn/crweb/rcc/info/Article.jsp?a_no=474&col_no=46Сергей Караганов: Поворот Китая на Запад крайне выгоден России(謝爾·卡拉加諾夫:將中國轉向西方對俄羅斯非常有利)(2015/10/26) Российская газета(俄羅斯報)http://svop.ru/main/17098/Добкин, М. Гордеева, Россия оставить украинскую оборонку без работы(俄羅斯離開烏克蘭國防工業將失去就業)(2014/06/18) РБК Газета(RBC新聞)http://rbcdaily.ru/industry/562949991737502/1_doctrine.html?print=Y. 描述 碩士
國立政治大學
俄羅斯研究所
105263010資料來源 http://thesis.lib.nccu.edu.tw/record/#G0105263010 資料類型 thesis dc.contributor.advisor 林永芳 zh_TW dc.contributor.advisor Lin, Yung-Fang en_US dc.contributor.author (Authors) 何祖儀 zh_TW dc.contributor.author (Authors) Ho, Tsu-I en_US dc.creator (作者) 何祖儀 zh_TW dc.creator (作者) Ho, Tsu-I en_US dc.date (日期) 2019 en_US dc.date.accessioned 7-Aug-2019 16:57:41 (UTC+8) - dc.date.available 7-Aug-2019 16:57:41 (UTC+8) - dc.date.issued (上傳時間) 7-Aug-2019 16:57:41 (UTC+8) - dc.identifier (Other Identifiers) G0105263010 en_US dc.identifier.uri (URI) http://nccur.lib.nccu.edu.tw/handle/140.119/124986 - dc.description (描述) 碩士 zh_TW dc.description (描述) 國立政治大學 zh_TW dc.description (描述) 俄羅斯研究所 zh_TW dc.description (描述) 105263010 zh_TW dc.description.abstract (摘要) 2014年爆發克里米亞事件,西方各國連聲撻伐俄羅斯,並引發一系列對俄之經濟制裁。此事件重挫俄國原與歐洲傳統的緊密關係,其轉而加深與亞洲之間的外交動向,尤其是與中國的經濟與戰略合作。本論文將先行分析2014年至2018年底的西方經濟制裁,歐美兩方對制裁內容間的分歧、各自對克里米亞事件所持觀點,以及與俄羅斯的親疏程度。再來探究對於俄羅斯經濟所造成的影響。而後進入本論文主題,探究2014年制裁前之俄中關係,與此制裁後至2019年年初,其係如何深化俄中間的交流合作,並將俄中關係的加深以戰略、能源及金融貿易三大層面,並各舉一到二個個案作詳細分析。俄中兩國原就已商談多年各層面的合作協議,卻大多遲遲未有定論,因2014年烏克蘭危機的催化下,加速俄中合作大門,中國成為俄羅斯東向政策外交重心。俄羅斯為一介能源與軍事強國,無論是世界油氣蘊藏量或係武器技術含量皆頗具影響力;而中國為俄第一大鄰國,且是國際上頗具份量的經濟體。此次制裁將使俄羅斯的外交重心漸移向亞太地區,俄中之間的深化合作與互動,將持續牽動國際關係動向。 zh_TW dc.description.abstract (摘要) In 2014, the Political status of Crimea occurred. Western countries teamed up and had an outcry about it, and started a series of economic sanctions against Russian. This incident had a serious impact on the close relation Russia and Europe originally had, and strengthened the diplomatic tendency between Russia and Asia, especially economical and strategical cooperation with China. In this thesis, the Western Economic Sanctions from 2014 to 2018 will be analyzed. Also, the different opinions of Europe and the U.S. about these sanctions, their views about the Political status of Crimea, and how close their relation is with Russia will be discussed. Also, how the above caused impact on Russia’s economic will be discussed as well. Next, moving on to the main topic of this thesis, the Russo-Chinese Relation before the sanctions in 2014, and the Russo-Chinese Relation after the sanctions till the early 2019 will be discussed. Also, how the sanctions strengthened the communication and cooperation between Russia and China will be talked about. Then, the three aspects of the strengthened relationship, which are strategy, power source, finance and trading, will be discussed and exemplified with one or two individual cases, and the cases will be analyzed thoroughly.Russia and China had been discussing about cooperation agreements of various matters for years, yet nothing has really been confirmed. However, the Ukrainian Crisis in 2014 turned out to be an activator, and speeded up the cooperation between Russia and China. Therefore, China became the main diplomatic focus of Russia’s Look East Policy. Russia is a country strong in power source and military, no matter when it comes to oil reserves or weapon technology quality, Russia is quite influential in both. China is the biggest neighbor country of Russia, and is also quite influential in economic internationally. This sanction caused Russia to turn its diplomatic focus to the Asia-Pacific areas. Along with the strengthened cooperation and interaction between Russia and China, the trends in international relations will continue to change. en_US dc.description.tableofcontents 目錄第一章 緒論 1第一節 研究動機與目的 1第二節 文獻回顧 3第三節 研究途徑與方法 13第四節 研究範圍與限制 17第五節 章節安排 19第二章 西方對俄羅斯之經濟制裁 20第一節 經濟制裁的背景與內容 21第二節 經濟制裁對俄羅斯的影響 29第三節 小結 43第三章 經濟制裁與俄中關係-戰略層面 45第一節 制裁前的俄中戰略合作 46第二節 制裁後的俄中軍火貿易 53第三節 制裁後的俄中聯合軍演 60第四節 小結 68第四章 經濟制裁與俄中關係-能源層面 70第一節 制裁前的俄中能源合作 71第二節 制裁後的俄中能源合作 79第三節 亞馬爾液化天然氣專案 88第四節 小結 96第五章 經濟制裁與俄中關係-金融與貿易層面 99第一節 制裁前的俄中金融與貿易合作 100第二節 制裁後的俄中金融與貿易合作 108第三節 歐亞經濟聯盟與「一帶一路」的對接與合作 116第四節 小結 121第六章 結論 123參考文獻 129 zh_TW dc.format.extent 7058354 bytes - dc.format.mimetype application/pdf - dc.source.uri (資料來源) http://thesis.lib.nccu.edu.tw/record/#G0105263010 en_US dc.subject (關鍵詞) 經濟制裁 zh_TW dc.subject (關鍵詞) 俄中關係 zh_TW dc.subject (關鍵詞) 烏克蘭危機 zh_TW dc.subject (關鍵詞) 克里米亞事件 zh_TW dc.subject (關鍵詞) 一帶一路 zh_TW dc.subject (關鍵詞) Russo-Chinese relation en_US dc.subject (關鍵詞) Western economic sanctions en_US dc.subject (關鍵詞) Political status of Crimea en_US dc.subject (關鍵詞) Ukrainian crisis en_US dc.subject (關鍵詞) The Belt and Road Initiative en_US dc.title (題名) 西方國家經濟制裁對俄中關係之影響 zh_TW dc.title (題名) The impact of western economic sanctions on Russo-Chinese Relations en_US dc.type (資料類型) thesis en_US dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 一、中文部分(一) 專書王樹春,《冷戰後的中俄關係》,(北京:時事出版社,2005年)。朱浤源,《撰寫博碩士論文實戰手冊》,(台北;中正出版社,1999年)。吳玉山,《俄羅斯轉型1992-1999:一個政治經濟學的分析》,(台北:五南圖書出版股份有限公司,2000年)。吳非,《顏色革命》,(台北:獨立作家出版社,2013年)。吳非,胡逢英,《俄羅斯公共外交與地緣政治:烏克蘭危機之下普京時代的再造》,(台北:獨立作家出版社,2016年)。周夷遠,《中國對抗世界:孕育種的戰爭》,(台北:外參出版社,2015年)。相藍欣,馮紹雷,《俄羅斯與大國及周邊關係》,(上海:上海人民出版社,2005年)。倪世雄,《當代國際關係理論》,(台北:五南出版社,2008年)。徐叔敏,《敏感性與脆弱性》,(台北:時英出版公司,2005年)。徐斯勤,《國際關係理論》,(台北:五南出版社,2016年)。張亞中等,《歐洲聯盟的全球角色》,(台北:國立台灣大學出版中心,2015年)。陳向明,《質的研究方法與社會科學研究》,(北京:教育科學出版社,2000年)。張遠軍,《中俄金融合作熱點問題聚焦》,(北京:中國金融出版社,2011年)。葉自成,《俄羅斯政府與政治》,(台北:揚智文化,1997年)。劉必榮,《國際觀的第一本書:看世界的方法》,(台北:先覺出版社,2014年)。(二)期刊Виталий А. 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研討會論文尤勝東,〈西伯利亞-太平洋輸油管線和東亞石油市場〉,《科技整合管理研討會》,2005年5月,頁320-333。劉波,〈一帶一路與歐亞經濟聯盟對接暨第二屆中俄經濟合作高層智庫研討會紀實〉,《西伯利亞研究》,2015年,第42卷,第5期,頁94-95。(四) 學位論文王亦超,《普欽時期俄羅斯對中國經濟戰略之研究》,(台北:國立政治大學俄羅斯研究所,2010年)。王洪謙,《冷戰後俄國軍售蘇愷戰機之研究:1992-2011》,(台北:國立政治大學俄羅斯研究所,2011年)。李靜杰,《中俄戰略協作伙伴關係》,(台北:國立政治大學俄羅斯研究所,2008年)。周建宏,《俄羅斯兼併克里米亞—地緣政治的視角》,(台北:國立政治大學俄羅斯研究所,2016年)。(五)網路資料《中俄關於全面戰略協作夥伴關係新階段的聯合聲明》(2014/05/20)中華人民共和國外交部https://www.mfa.gov.cn/chn//pds/ziliao/1179/t1157763.htm《中華人民共和國和俄羅斯聯邦睦鄰友好合作條約》(2001/07/16)中國人大網>全國人民大會http://www.npc.gov.cn/wxzl/gongbao/20012/06/content_5280849.htm《中華人民共和國和俄羅斯聯邦關於中俄國界東段的補充協定》(2004/10/10)中國人大網>全國人民大會 http://www.npc.gov.cn/wxzl/wxzl/20007/28/content_341693.htm《中華人民共和國和俄羅斯聯邦關於重大國際問題的聯合聲明》(2008/05/23)中國政府網http://big5.www.gov.cn/gate/big5/www.gov.cn/ldhd/2008-05/23/content_990500.htm2009年俄羅斯貨物貿易及中俄邊境貿易概況(2010)中華人民共和國商務部>國別報告https://countryreport.mofcom.gov.cn/record/view110209.asp?news_id=188202014年上半年中俄貿易額達445.4億美元(2014/07/06)中華人民共和國商務部http://www.mofcom.gov.cn/article/i/jyjl/ e/201407/20140700660030.shtml2018年俄羅斯貨物貿易概況,中華人民共和國商務部https://countryreport.mofcom.gov.cn/record/view110209.asp?news_id=63198APEC各會員體能源資訊分析(2018/09/14)APEC國際能源合作網https://apecenergy.tier.org.tw/energy2/russia.php中方總導演:「東方-2018」軍演對深化中俄軍事安全合作具有積極意義(2018/09/13)俄羅斯衛星通訊社http://big5.sputniknews.cn/military/201809131026345790/中石油與俄羅斯兩大能源公司簽署合作協議(2018/09/14)俄羅斯衛星通訊社http://sputniknews.cn/russia_china_relations/201809141026351324/中資企業在俄羅斯經營指南-俄羅斯中資企業2016年度白皮書(2016/11/22)中國國際貿易促進委員會>中國國際商會駐俄羅斯代表處http://aaa.ccpit.org/Category7/Asset/2016/Nov/22/onlineeditimages/ file71479813878037.pdf中俄「海上聯合-2017」第二階段軍事演習精彩回顧(2017/10/03)中華人民共和國國防部http://www.mod.gov.cn/big5/photos/2017-10/03/content_4793847.htm中俄東線天然氣管道中段工程或於2020年10月建成(2019/07/05)俄羅斯衛星通訊社http://big5.sputniknews.cn/economics/201907051028931702/中俄簽署《關於歐亞經濟夥伴關係協定聯合可行性研究的聯合聲明》(2017/07/04)中華人民共和國商務部http://www.mofcom.gov.cn/article/ae/ai/201707/20170702604249.shtml中國前駐俄大使:俄中關係是保持國際戰略安全和穩定的重要因素(2018/09/28)俄羅斯衛星通訊社http://big5.sputniknews.cn/politics/201809281026462571/中國海關總署:2017年中俄雙邊貿易額超840億美元(2018/01/12)俄羅斯衛星通訊社http://big5.sputniknews.cn/politics/201801121024464345/中蘇聯合公報,共產黨新聞>十三大以來重要文獻選編上http://cpc.people.com.cn/GB/64184/64186/66681/4494003.html今年前3季度中俄雙邊貿易額近350億美元(2008/01/04)中華人民共和國海關總署http://www.customs.gov.cn/customs/302249/302274/jcyjfxwz/jcyjfxwz39/333820/index.html王士彬,歐陽浩,習近平會見俄羅斯國防部長紹伊古(2018/10/19)中國軍網http://www.81.cn/big5/xue-xi/2018-10/19/content_9318018.htm王林,俄天然氣市場強勢地位將更加鞏固(2018/12/03)中國能源報第6版http://paper.people.com.cn/zgnyb/html/2018-12/03/content_1896800.htm印俄簽署S-400採購合約 恐引發美制裁(2018/10/05)聯合新聞網https://udn.com/news/story/6809/3406375冰上絲路中俄啟航將影響全球貿易及能源供應格局(2018/09/12)中國大公網http://www.takungpao.com/news/232111/2018/0912/216008.html亞馬爾液化天然氣項目(2019/04/11)俄羅斯衛星通訊社http://big5.sputniknews.cn/infographics/201904111028168942/研析川普就任美國總統後有關美歐對俄經濟制裁措施可能之發展(2017/06/29)台灣貿易局>台灣駐俄羅斯經濟組https://nccu.edu.tw/cgi-bin/downfile B25934717216面對美國新制裁 俄經濟試甩脫美元(2018/11/07)中央通訊社https://www.cna.com.tw/news/afe/201811070246.aspx消息人士:俄羅斯水電集團將發行三年期人民幣歐洲債券(2018/11/15)俄羅斯衛星通訊社http://big5.sputniknews.cn/economics/201811151026843228/俄Rosneft公司以最佳提案依法收購Bashneft公司股權(2016/11/15)俄羅斯衛星通訊社 http://big5.sputniknews.cn/economics/201611151021170105/俄中「海上聯合-2017」第一階段演習在波羅的海海域舉行(2017/07/22)俄羅斯衛星通訊社http://big5.sputniknews.cn/china/201707221023180774/俄中貿易靠什麼達到創紀錄的1070億美元?(2019/01/17)中國一帶一路網https://www.yidaiyilu.gov.cn/info/iList.jsp?tm_id=126&cat_id=10026&info_id=7765俄打造核動力「巨獸」維護其北極利益(2019/06/04)人民網>軍事http://military.people.com.cn/BIG5/n1/2019/0604/c1011-31119286.html俄印軍事技術合作有多深入(2018/11/29)新華網http://www.xinhuanet.com/mil/2018-11/29/c_1210005156.htm俄媒體:俄中籤署S-400供應合約(2014/11/26)俄羅斯衛星網http://sputniknews.cn/russia_china_relations/2014112644207346/俄羅斯摩爾曼斯克州州長:冰上絲綢之路為北極發展注入新動能(2018/02/18)中國一帶一路網 https://www.yidaiyilu.gov.cn/ghsl/hwksl/48423.htm看2018中俄關係走勢(2018/01/15)世界之聲https://is.gd/wqCX8b美制裁後盧布貶值俄股市經歷黑色星期一(2018/04/11)美國之音https://www.voacantonese.com/a/news-russian-currency-depreciate-stock-market-plunged-after-sanctions-20180410/4341832.html美國及歐盟與俄羅斯相互實施之經濟制裁措施列表(2017/06/26)台灣貿易局http://www.cieca.org.tw/comm/upfile/f_170711_00252.pdf海關促進中俄經貿發展(2017/07/04)中華人民共和國海關總署http://www.customs.gov.cn/customs/302249/302425/713382/index.html陳雅文,個案研究法,(1995/12/20)國家教育研究院>圖書館學與資訊學科大辭典http://terms.naer.edu.tw/detail/1681584/專家:熊貓債券是對中國金融系統穩定性的測試(2019/03/02)俄羅斯衛星通訊社http://big5.sputniknews.cn/opinion/201903021027819736/普京公開無敵武器要美國重視俄羅斯(2018/03/06) BBC News中文https://www.bbc.com/zhongwen/trad/world-43304524華信收購俄油股權交易被終止 拖欠員工薪資(2018/05/06)大紀元http://www.epochtimes.com/b5/18/5/5/n10365521.htm新聞分析:俄羅斯能否對華擴大武器出口?(2018/07/31)透視俄羅斯http://tsrus.cn/junshi/2018/07/31/662501劉燕平,俄羅斯的礦產資源與礦業管理(三)(2011/10/31)中俄法律網http://www.chinaruslaw.com/CN/CnRuTrade/EnergyCooperate/20111031173618_809658.htm摩爾曼斯克州(2018/01/01)中華人民共和國駐聖彼得堡領事館>領區概況https://www.fmprc.gov.cn/ce/cgstp/chn/lqgk/mermsz/t632783.htm融合「海上聯合-2014」中俄軍演主題詞(2014/05/30)中華人民共和國國防部http://news.mod.gov.cn/action/2014-05/30/content_4513056_4.htm賴錦宏,中俄天然氣西線供氣達成協議(2018/12/04)經濟日報>兩岸焦點https://money.udn.com/money/story/8944/3518153二、英文部分(一) 專書Baranovsky Vladimir, Russia`s attitudes towards the EU: political aspects,(Helsinki and Berlin: Ulkopoliitinen instiuuti Instiut fur Europaische Politik, 2002)Carlson Brian G., Strategic Trends 2018, (Zurich: Center for Security Studies, 2018)Cecilie Sendstad, Richard Connolly, Russia and Eurasia Programme, (London: The Royal Institute of International Affairs, Chatham House, 2017)Chase Michael S., Medeiros, Evan S., Russia-China Relations: Assessing Common Ground and Strategic Fault Lines, (Washington: The National Bureau of Asian Research, 2017)Dougherty James E, Pfaltzgraff Robert L, Contending Theories of International Relations a Comprehensive Survey,(New York: Harper & Row, 2003)Duesterberg Thomas J., Norman Donald A. and Werling Jeffrey F., Lifting the Crude Oil Export Ban: The impact on U.S. Manufacturing, (Washington: The Aspen Institute, 2014)Engelbrekmt Kjell, Watts John, Sino-Russian Strategic Collaboration: Still an “Axis of Convenience”? (Swnden: Swedish Defence University, 2015)Henderson James, Mitrova Tatiana, Energy Relations between Russia and China: Playing Chess with the Dragon, (England: The Oxford Institute for Energy Studies, 2016)Hidetaka Yoshimatsu, The Political Economy of Regionalism in East Asia, (New York: Palgrave Macmillan Press, 2008)International Monetary Fund, World Economic Outlook: Subdued Demand: Symptoms and Remedies, (Washington: International Monetary Fund, 2016)Jarosław Ćwiek Karpowicz, Stanislav Secrieru, Russia and Sanctions, (Warsaw: The Polish Institute of International Affairs, 2015)Keohane, Robert O., S., Joseph, Power and Interdependence (3rd Edition), (London: Pearson Education, 2001)Lo Bobo, Axis of Convenience: Moscow, Beijing, and the New Geopolitics, (Washington D. C.: The Brookings Institution Press, 2008)Oxenstierna Susanne, Tynkkynen Veli-Pekka, Russian Energy and Security up to 2030, (New York: Routledge, 2014)Paik Keun Wook, Sino-Russian Gas and Oil Cooperation: Entering into a New Era of StrategicPartnership? 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Kristensen; Norris Robert S., Russian Nuclear Forces 2017, Bulletin of the Atomic Scientists, (2017), Vol.73, p.115-126.Hans M. 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Can They Work Together?, Centre for European Reform, (2017), pp.1-13Gabuev Alexander, Did Western Sanctions Affect Sino-Russia Economic Ties?, University of Nottingham, (2016), pp.1-3.Gisela Grieger, Russian ties with China in the face of Western sanctions, European Parliamentary Research, (2017), pp.1-8.Wilson Alex Benjamin, Liquefied Natural Gas in Europe, European Parliamentary Research, (2015), pp.1-8.White House, The Support for the Sovereignty, Integrity, Democracy and Economic Stability of Ukraine Act of 2014, Congressional Record, (2014), Vol.160, Sec.8-10, pp.1093-1096(四)網路資料About Trade Representation (2018/01/07) Russian Trade Represetation in People’s Republic of China http://china.ved.gov.ru/chn//Article/Details/34509Abrichnaya Elena, Winning Alexander, Russia says ruble crisis over as reserves dive inflation climbs (2014/12/25) Reutershttps://in.reuters.com/article/us-russia-crisis-rouble/russia-says-ruble-crisis-over-as-reserves-dive-inflation-cli mbs-idINKBN0K30FC20141225Ambassador Nikki Haley Remarks at a UN Security Council Briefing on Ukraine (2017/02/17) U.S. Mission to the United Nations Https://usun.state.gov/remarks/7668.Arnfinn Jørgensen-Dahl, Arctic Oil and Gas (2009/05/28) Arctishttp://www.arctis-search.com/Arctic+Oil+and+GasAssessment of Undiscovered Oil and Gas Resources of the Southern Siberian Craton Russia (2011) USGS World Petroleum Resources Projects https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/2011/3155/report/FS11-3155.pdfBP’s 2016 Energy Outlook to 2035: Overview and analysis (2016/03) Share Actionhttps://shareaction.org/wp-content/uploads/2016/03/BPEnergyOutlook.pdfBP Statistical Review of World Energy 2018 (2018/06/13) BP Statistical Reviewhttps://www.bp.com/content/dam/bp/en/corporate/pdf/energy-economics/statistical-review/bp-stats-review-2018-full-report.pdfBP`s risky Rosneft relationship: `We work in countries with ups and downs` (2014/07/31)The Guardian Newshttps://www.theguardian.com/business/2014/jul/31/bp-risky-rosneft-russia-relationship-work-in-countries-ups-and-downsBreffni O`Rourke, China/Russia: CNPC Denied Intended Stake In Rosneft (2006/07/23) Radio Free Europe https://www.rferl.org/a/1069961.htmlBros, Aurelie and Tatiana Mitrova., Yamal LNG: an economic project under political pressure (2016/01/07) Fondation pour la Recherche Stratégiquehttps://www.academia.edu/34379480/Yamal_LNG_an_economic_project_under_political_pressureBruno Waterfield, Peter Dominiczak, David Blair, Russia Suspended from G8 Club of Rich Countries (2014/03/24) Business Insider https://www.businessinsider.com/russia-temporarily-kicked-ou-of-g8-club-tof-rich-countries-2014-3Carol Matlack, Why the U.S. is Targeting the Business Empire of a Putin Ally (2014/04/29) Bloomberg Business Weekhttps://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2014-04-28/the-u-dot-s-dot-sanctions-putin-ally-gennady-timchenkoCarrie Gracie, Brothers again? 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(2013/03/27) Netherlands Institute of International Relations Clingendael (NIIRC) https://www.clingendael.org/sites/default/files/pdfs/20130327_rc_securityrelations.pdfHansson, Leigh T., Lowell, Michael J., Overview of the U.S. and EU Sanctions on Russia (2014/10/03) Reed Smith https://www.reedsmith.com/en/perspectives/2014/10/overview-of-the-us-and-eu-sanctions-on-russiaHarrisonVirginia., Russia crisis hurts these brands the most (2014/12/28) CNN Moneyhttps://money.cnn.com/2014/12/18/news/companies/russia-economy-brands-losers/Helmer John, Russia China clash over oil price supply (2011/05/05) Asia Times http://www.atimes.com/atimes/Central_Asia/ME05Ag01.htmlHere comes the Russian Arctic gas that will fuel Europe by 2023 (2018/09/14)The Barents Observer https://thebarentsobserver.com/en/2018/09/here-comes-russian-arctic-gas-will-fuel-europeHoward LaFranchi, Ukraine crisis: What’s the point of US military activity near Russia? 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Russia`s Steep Rate Increase Fails to Stem Ruble`s Decline (2014/12/17) New York Times Https://www.nytimes.com/2014/12/17/business/russia-ruble-interest-rates.htmlLondon Stock Exchange Half-Year Report, (2016/08/17) Mirland Development Corporationhttps://www.londonstockexchange.com/exchange/news/market-news/market-news-detail/MLD/12933606.htmlMap Russia China Gas Deal 2014 (2014/05/21) A World in Crisishttp://www.aworldincrisis.org/2014/05/21/putin-loks-east-china-russia-sign-400-billion-gas-deal/map-russia-china-gas-deal-2014/MSCI Russia Index (RUB) (2019/05/31) Morgan Stanley Capital International Indexhttps://www.msci.com/documents/10199/1b68aecc-6aae-4451-8b7d-23630edb9844Nadezhda Filimonova, Gazprom and China’s Breakthrough in the Russian Arctic (2017/08/08) The Diplomathttps://thediplomat.com/2017/08/gazprom-and-chinas-breakthrough-in-the-russian-arctic/Nikolai N. Sokov, Why Russia calls a limited nuclear strike “de-escalation” (2014/03/13) Bulletin of the Atomic Scientistshttps://thebulletin.org/2014/03/why-russia-calls-a-limited-nuclear-strike-de-escalation/Novatek, China’s Silk Road Fund finalize Yamal LNG stake sale (2016/03/15)LNG World Newshttps://www.lngworldnews.com/novate k-chinas-silk-road-fund-finalize-yamal-lng-stake-sale/Over 1,100 kilometers of Power of Siberia gas pipeline to be completed by late 2017(2017/06/08) Gazpromhttp://www.gazprom.com/press/news/2017/june/article335985/P-PUBLIC-ADD-SERIESJunefinalRussiaEconomicRep ortENG.pdfsequence=1P. Spiegel, Ukraine Crisis: EU to Weigh Far-reaching Sanctions on Russia (2014/07/24) Financial Timeshttp://www.ft.com/cms/s/0/15ecc35c-12a4-11e4-a6d400144feabdc0.html#-axzz3AHUwYHCMPrime Minister Vladimir Putin holds a conference on the General Scheme for Gas Industry Development until 2030 in Novy Urengoi (2010/10/11) Government of the Russian Federation 2011 http://archive.premier.gov.ru/eng/events/news/12539/print/Putin signs Russian `counter-sanctions` into law (2018/06/04) Reuters https://www.reuters.com/article/us-usa-russia-sanctions-law/putin-signs-russian-counter-sanctions-into-law-idUSKCN1J01IKRosneft Develops Cooperation with Chinese Partners (2017/08/17)Oil & Gas Drill >Regions>Asia https://www.oilandgasdrill.com/regions/asia-oceania/rosneft-develops-cooperation-chinese-partners/Russia Energy Data (2010/12/01) IEA> Statistics and Analysis-Oil, Gas, Electricity, Coal. http://www.eia.doe.gov/emeu/cabs/Russia/pdf.pdf. 01 December 2010.Rosneft and Beijing Gas Sign Binding Documents for the Sale of 20% Stake in Verkhnechonskneftegaz (2016/07/11) Rosneft Press Release https://www.rosneft.com/press/releases/item/184439/Rosneft Closed the Deal to Sell 20% of Verkhnechonskneftegaz to Chinese Beijing Gas (2017/06/29) Invest in Russiahttp://investinrussia.com/news/10742-rosneft-zakryla-sdelku-po-prodazhe-kitaiskoiRosneft and Beijing Gas Sign Binding Documents for the Sale of 20% Stake in Verkhnechonskneftegaz (2016/07/11) Rosneft Press Release https://www.rosneft.com/press/releases/item/184439/Rosneft takes over TNK-BP in $55bn deal (2013/03/21) The Guardian https://www.theguardian.com/business/2013/mar/21/rosneft-takes-over-tnk-bpRosneft’s Russian Crude Output Drops to Lowest since TNK-BP Deal (2014/09/02) Bloomberghttps://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2014-09-02/rosneft-s-russian-crude-output-drops-to-lowest-since-tnk-bp-dealRussia Allows Changes to Natural Gas Prices in Europe (2014/06/02)Stratfor>Worldview>Germany and Economicshttps://worldview.stratfor.com/article/russia-allows-changes-natural-gas-prices-europeRussia launches biggest war games since Cold War (2018/09/11) BBC News https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-europe-45470460Russia to Build 2 Pipelines in the East (2003/02/11) The New York Times https://www.nytimes.com/2003/02/11/business/russia-to-build-2-pipelines-in-the-east.htmlRussia seen adding 600,000 b/d of oil output by late 2019: analysts (2018/07/11)S&P Global Plattshttps://www.spglobal.com/platts/en/market-insights/latest-news/oil/071118-russia-seen-adding-600000-bd-of-oil-output-by-late-2019-analystsRussia WAR GAMES: Putin launches BIGGEST military exercise in 40 years with China (2018/08/21) Express Newshttps://www.express.co.uk/news/world/1006354/Russia-news-russia-war-games-china-world-war-3-latestRussia`s debt downgraded to junk by Moody`s (2015/02/21) The Guardianhttps://www.theguardian.com/world/2015/feb/21/russias-debt-downgraded-junk-moodysRussia’s Rouble Crisis Going over the Edge (2014/12/16) The Economist https://www.economist.com/finance-and-economics/2014/12/16/going-over-the-edgeRussia launches $27 billion Yamal gas plant in the Arctic (2017/12/09)The Kathmandu Post Logohttp://kathmandupost.ekantipur.com/printedition/news/2017-12-09/russia-launches-27-billion-yamal-gas-plant-in-the-arctic.htmlRussian spy: What happened to Sergei and Yulia Skripal? (2018/09/27) BBC News https://www.bbc.com/news/uk-43643025Russian tanker sails through Arctic without icebreaker for first time (2017/08/24)The Guardianhttps://www.theguardian.com/environment/2017/aug/24/russian-tanker-sails-arctic-without-icebreaker-firsttimeSakhalin Energy hits 1000 LNG cargoes milestone (2015/08/26) LNG World Newshttps://www.lngworldnews.com/sakhalin-energy-hits-1000-lng-cargoes-milestone/See Supreme Commander Vladimir Putin’s speachto the MOD board (2018/09/20) Red Starhttp://redstar.ru/za-schyot-gibkih-ne-rastochitelnyh-dlya-byudzheta-no-effektivnyhSanctions effect: Russia to change its economic partners for the better(2014/03/26)RT News http://rt.com/op-edge/russia-switches-to- brics-sanctions-357/Sanctions, Government of Netherlandshttps://www.government.nl/topics/international-peace-and-security/compliance-with-international-sanctionsSIPRI Arms Transfers Database (2018) Stockholm International Peace Research Institute https://www.sipri.org/databases/armstransfersSoldatkin Vladimir, Gazprom net income plunges 86 pct on oil price drop rouble (2015/04/29) Reuterhttps://uk.reuters.com/article/us-gazprom-results/gazprom-net-income-plunges-86-pct-on-oil-price-drop-rouble-idUKKBN0NK1XP20150429Presentation of I.I. Sechin on the Energy Section (2018/05/20) St. Petersburg International Economic Forum 2018 https://www.rosneft.com/upload/site2/attach/0/11/pdf25052018en.pdfStaalesen Atle, Offshore Arctic platform Prirazlomnaya prepares for doubling of production (2018/03/19) The Barents Observe https://thebarentsobserver.com/en/industry-and-energy/2018/03/offshore-arctic-platform-prraizlomnaya-prepares-doubling-productionStatement by the President on New Sanctions Related to Russia (2014/09/11)White House Office of the Press Secretaryhttps://obamawhitehouse.archives.gov/the-press-office/2014/09/11/statement-president-new-sanctions t-related-russiaStatoil Says Oilfield Deal with Rosneft Complies with Sanctions (2017/09/07) Reutershttps://www.reuters.com/article/us-statoil-rosneft-russia/statoil-says-oilfield-deal-with-rosneft-complies-with-sanctions-idUSKCN1BI0VZStunning beauty inside mysterious Siberian crater (2014/11/13) RT News https://www.rt.com/news/204823-russia-siberia-crater-photos/Tiresias, Asian energy pipelines open fresh markets for Russia (2013/02/22) INTEL and Analysis http://likebulb.blogspot.com/2013/02/asian-energy-piplines-open-fresh.htmlTIV of arms exports from Russia 2010–2013 (2018/03/04) SIPRIhttp://armstrade.sipri.org/armstrade/html/exportvalues.phpTrends in International Arms Transfers 2017 (2018/03/18) SIPRI Fact Sheethttps://www.sipri.org/sites/default/files/2018-03/fssipri_at2017_0.pdfTurkmen gas exports to China to hit 65bcma by 2020(2013/09/03) Reuters https://www.reuters.com/article/gas-turkmenistan-china/turkmen-gas-exports-to-china-to-hit-65-bcm-year-by-2020-idUSL6N0GZ0OT20130903U.S. Navy on alert: China, Russia to launch largest-ever joint navy exercise (2015/08/18)The New York Timeshttps://www.washingtontimes.com/news/2015/aug/18/china-russia-to-launch-largest-ever-joint-navy-exe/Ukraine crisis: US and EU boost sanctions on Russia (2014/07/17) BBC News https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-europe-28338897US Dollar/Ruble and Euro/Ruble Exchange Rates and Exchange Trade (2018/12/12)The Central Bank of the Russian Federation https://www.cbr.ru/eng/hd_base/micex.doc/US imposes sanctions on China for buying Russian weapons (2018/09/21) BBC News https://www.bbc.com/news/world-us-canada-45596485What are Sanctions? (2018/12/12) Comply Advantage https://complyadvantage.com/knowledgebase/sanctions/Yamal LNG Boots Novatek’s First Half Figures (2018/07/25) LNG World News https://www.lngworldnews.com/yamal-lng-boosts-novateks-first-half-figures/三、俄文資料(一) 書籍Гутник Владимир, Мировая эканомика , С. Караганов , Мир вокруг росии: 2017—Контуры недалекого будущего(俄羅斯周邊世界:2017年-近期概述)(Москва: Совет по внешней и оборонной политике, 2007)(莫斯科:外交與國防政策委員會,2007)(二)期刊Khaints Timmerman, Vneshnyaya Politika: Poiski Hovoy Idyentichnosti(外交政策:尋找新共同點), Mirovaya Ekonomika i Mezhdunarodnye Otnosheniya(世界經濟與國際關係), (1994), No.2, p.19.(三)網路資料В. Мухин, Москва корректирует военную доктрину(莫斯科糾正軍事學說)(2014/08/01) Независимая Газета(獨立報)http://www.ng.ru/armies/2014-08-01/1_doctrine.html?print=Y.Владимир Путин: связи РФ и КНР достигли наивысшего уровня и продолжают развиваться(弗拉基米爾·普京:俄羅斯聯邦和中國關係已達最高水平並繼續發展)(2015/09/01) ИТАР-TACC(俄羅斯國家通訊社)https://tass.ru/interviews/2222240В. Прокофьев, "Мистраль пливет"(米斯特拉爾的漂浮物)(2014/09/13) Российская газета(俄羅斯報)http://www.rg.ru/2014/09/13/vladivostok-site.html.В. Мухин, Москва корректирует военную доктрину(莫斯科糾正軍事學說)(2014/08/01) Независимая Газета(獨立報)https://www.ng.ru/armies/2014-08-01Соглашение между Правительством Российской Федерации и Правительством Китайской Народной Республики о ПродолженииСотрудничества в Энергетической Сфере(俄羅斯聯邦和中華人民共和國政府政府關於繼續共同開展能源領域合作的協定)http://www.crc.mofcom.gov.cn/crweb/rcc/info/Article.jsp?a_no=474&col_no=46Сергей Караганов: Поворот Китая на Запад крайне выгоден России(謝爾·卡拉加諾夫:將中國轉向西方對俄羅斯非常有利)(2015/10/26) Российская газета(俄羅斯報)http://svop.ru/main/17098/Добкин, М. Гордеева, Россия оставить украинскую оборонку без работы(俄羅斯離開烏克蘭國防工業將失去就業)(2014/06/18) РБК Газета(RBC新聞)http://rbcdaily.ru/industry/562949991737502/1_doctrine.html?print=Y. zh_TW dc.identifier.doi (DOI) 10.6814/NCCU201900569 en_US