1. NCCU Academic Hub
  2. 學術產出
  3. College of International Affairs
  4. Theses
  5. Item

學術產出-Theses

Article View/Open

Publication Export

Google ScholarTM

政大圖書館

Citation Infomation

題名 歷史敘述與貿易政策下的中美關係
Historical Narratives and Trade Policy in the U.S.-China Relationship
作者 倪泰麗
Ni, Taili
貢獻者 如大維
Lorenzo, David
倪泰麗
Taili Ni
關鍵詞 歷史因素
施恩沒有回報
國恥
中美關係
貿易戰
Historical narratives
Unappreciated benevolence
National humiliation
U.S.-China relations
Trade war
日期 2019
上傳時間 7-Aug-2019 17:06:06 (UTC+8)
摘要 中美關係是公認的世界上最重要的雙邊關係之一。中美關係歷來多有波折。這篇論文試圖從兩個歷史因素的角度去分析兩國關係的起伏：美國方面的施恩沒有回報的觀點，還有中國方面的民族長期被壓迫的觀點。目前，兩國正在進行日漸升級的貿易戰，利用關稅和經濟政策互相施壓。這篇論文利用建構正義理論及分析兩國的演講詞和官方言論來詮釋歷史因素對中美雙邊關係的影響。這篇論文發現這些歷史因素非常有助於解釋中美兩國關係的走向。
The relationship between the United States and the People’s Republic of China has long been
considered one of the most consequential bilateral relationships in the world. The history of the
relationship is wrought with ups and down. This paper attempts to explain this variation by
analyzing two historical narratives underpinning the relationship: an American narrative of
unappreciated benevolence and a Chinese narrative of national humiliation. Currently, the two
countries are embroiled in the trade war, a battle of escalating tariffs and economic aggression.
This paper looks at the ongoing trade war through a constructivist lens and utilizes discourse
analysis of speeches and statements in order to determine how narratives can help us understand
the relationship. This paper finds that the prevalence of narratives in the U.S.-China relationship
reinforces predilections towards selecting certain policy options.
參考文獻 王怡. (2019, May 13). 社评：美方不断嚣张喊话，实为自我打气. Retrieved from 环球时报: http://opinion.huanqiu.com/editorial/2019-05/14888043.html?agt=15422

梅新育. (2019, 5 6). 美对华提出「不平等条约」但现在是1840年? Retrieved from http://mil.news.sina.com.cn/china/2018-05-06/doc-ihacuuvt8294836.shtml

Alessi, C. (2012, March 14). Challenging China`s Trade Practices. Retrieved from The Council on Foreign Relations: https://www.cfr.org/interview/challenging-chinas-trade-practices

Allison, G. (2017). Destined for War: Can America and China Escape Thucydides`s Trap? New York: Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing.

Bacevich, A. J. (2008). The Limits of Power: The End of American Exceptionalism. New York, NY: Henry Holt and Company, LLC.

Barrett, J. (1900). America`s Duty in China. The North American Review, 171(525), 145-157.

Barthes, R. (1975). An Introduction to the Structural Analysis of Narrative. New Literary History, 6(2), 237-272.

Bergsten, F. (2008). A Partnership of Equals: How Washington Should Respond to China`s Economic Challenge. Foreign Affairs, 57-69.

Bin, Y. (2018, 11 2). Historical truth behind US Open Door policy toward China. Retrieved from China Daily: http://www.chinadaily.com.cn/a/201811/02/WS5bdc11dea310eff303286442.html

Blanchard, B., & Daly, T. (2019, May 1). U.S., China reported near deal to end some tariffs; talks `productive`. Retrieved from Reuters: https://www.reuters.com/article/us-usa-trade-china/u-s-china-reported-near-deal-to-end-some-tariffs-talks-productive-idUSKCN1S72ZO

Blanchard, E. M. (2013). Constituting China: the role of metaphor in the discourses of early Sino-American relations. Journal of International Relations and Development, 16, 177-205.

Bloomberg News. (2019, May 14). A Timeline of the U.S.-China Trade War. Retrieved from Bloomberg News: https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2019-05-14/u-s-china-trade-war-timeline-what-led-up-to-the-stalemate

Bown, C. P., & McCulloch, R. (2007). U.S. Trade Policy towards China: Discrimination and its Implications. In P. A. Petri, & S. J. La Croix (Eds.), Challenges to the Global Trading System: Adjustment to Globalization in the Asia-Pacific Region. Routledge Taylor & Francis Group.

Bruner, J. (1996). The Culture of Education. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.

Buchholz, K. (2019, May 10). U.S.-Chinese Trade War Keeps on Escalating. Retrieved from Statista: https://www.statista.com/chart/15199/us-chinese-trade-war-escalates/

Bush, G. H. (1989, June 5). George H.W. Bush, Press Conference . Retrieved from USC U.S.-China Institute: https://china.usc.edu/george-hw-bush-press-conference-june-5-1989

Bush, G. H. (1989, June 5). President Bush Statement on China. Retrieved from C-Span: https://www.c-span.org/video/?7909-1/president-george-hw-bush-tiananmen-square-crackdown

Bush, G. H., & Scowcroft, B. (1998). A World Transformed. New York: Random House. Retrieved from http://www.standoffattiananmen.com/2012/06/document-of-1989-president-bushs.html

Bush, R. (2019, 5 29). Order from Chaos: 30 Years After Tiananmen Square, a look back on Congress` forceful response. Retrieved from The Brookings Institute: https://www.brookings.edu/blog/order-from-chaos/2019/05/29/30-years-after-tiananmen-square-a-look-back-on-congress-forceful-response/

Cain, F. (2008). The US-led Trade Embargo on China: The Origins of CHINCOM, 1947-52. Journal of Strategic Studies, 18(4), 33-54.

Callahan, W. A. (2004). National Insecurities: Humiliation, Salvation, and Chinese Nationalism. Alternatives, 29, 199-218.

Callahan, W. A. (2010). China: The Pessoptimist Nation. Oxford Scholarship online.

Campbell, C. (1941). American Business Interests and the Open Door in China. The Far Eastern Quarterly, 1(1), 43-58.

CFR Timeline. (2019). U.S. Relations with China 1949-2019. Retrieved from Council on Foreign Relations: https://www.cfr.org/timeline/us-relations-china

Cheng, J. Y., & Ngok, K.-L. (2004). The 2001 "Spy" Plane Incident Revisited: the Chinese Perspective. Journal of Chinese Political Science, 9(1), 63-83.

Chin, C. C. (2003). Beneficent Imperialists: American Women Missionaries in China at the Turn of the Twentieth Century. Diplomatic History, 327-352.

Clinton, H. (2011, October 11). America`s Pacific Century. Foreign Policy.

Cohen, P. (2002). Remembering and Forgetting National Humiliation in Twentieth-Century China. Twentieth-Century China(2).

Congressional Hearing. (1948, April 26). Hearing before a Subcommittee of the Committee on Foreign Relations on A Treaty of Friendship, Commerce, and Navigation Between the United States of America and the Republic of China. Washington, D.C.

CSR. (2016). China: Economic Sanctions. Congressional Research Service.

Dai, B. (2016, July 5). Speech by Dai Bingguo at China-US Dialogue. Retrieved from Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the People`s Republic of China: https://www.fmprc.gov.cn/mfa_eng/wjdt_665385/zyjh_665391/t1377747.shtml

Deng, X. (1989, June 9). Deng`s June 9 Speech: `We Faced a Rebellious Clique` and "Dregs of Society`. Retrieved from The New York Times: https://www.nytimes.com/1989/06/30/world/deng-s-june-9-speech-we-faced-a-rebellious-clique-and-dregs-of-society.html

Ding, G., & Ji, P. (2011, July 27). The U.S. Attaches Great Importance to the Trans-Pacific Partnership. Retrieved from People`s Daily: http://news.xinhuanet.com/world/2011-07/27/c_121725596.htm

Downs, J. (1968). American Merchants and the China Opium Trade, 1800-1840. Business History Review, 42(4), 418-442.

Downs, J. M. (1991). The Commercial Origins of American Attitudes toward China, 1784-1844. In J. I. Jonathan Goldstein (Ed.). London: Bethlehem: Lehigh University Press.

Elliott, J. (1996). Who Seeks the Truth Should be of No Country. American Journalism, 13(3), 255-285.

Fairbank, J. K. (1970). `American China Policy` to 1898: A Misconception. Pacific Historical Review, 39(4), 409-420.

Ford, C. (2015). China Looks at the West: Identity, Global Ambitions, and the Future of Sino-American Relations. Kentucky: University Press of Kentucky.

Full text of Xi Jinping`s report at 19th CPC National Congress. (2017, October 18). Retrieved from China Daily: http://www.chinadaily.com.cn/china/19thcpcnationalcongress/2017-11/04/content_34115212.htm

Galtung, J. (2001). The Construction of National Identities for Cosmic Drama: Chosenness-Myths-Trauma (CMT) Syndromes and Cultural Pathologies. In P. Udayakumar (Ed.), Handcuffed to History. Westpoint: Praeger.

Gao, F. (2019, June 6). Regular Press Conference of the Ministry of Commerce. Retrieved from Ministry of Commerce of the People`s Republic of China: http://english.mofcom.gov.cn/article/newsrelease/press/201906/20190602873158.shtml

Gass, N. (2016, May 2). Trump: `We can`t continue to allow China to rape our country`. Retrieved from Politico: https://www.politico.com/blogs/2016-gop-primary-live-updates-and-results/2016/05/trump-china-rape-america-222689

Geng, S. (2019, January 29). Foreign Ministry Spokesperson Geng Shuang`s Remarks on the US Indictments of Huawei. Retrieved from Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the People`s Republic of China: https://www.fmprc.gov.cn/mfa_eng/xwfw_665399/s2510_665401/2535_665405/t1633464.shtml

Glaser, B. S., & Billingsley, B. (2012). US Pivot to Asia Leaves China off Balance. Comparative Connections, 13(3).

Gries, P. H., & Peng, K. (2002). Culture Clash? Apologies East and West. Journal of Contemporary China, 11(30), 173-178.

Grimm, J., & Grimm, W. (1815). The Ungrateful Son. Retrieved December 2018, from University of Pittsburg: https://www.pitt.edu/~dash/grimm145.html

Haddad, J. (2013, June 10). Avoiding `Cultural Arrogance` with China. Retrieved from The Chronicle of Higher Education: https://www.chronicle.com/blogs/worldwise/avoiding-cultural-arrogance-with-china/32383

Haddad, J. R. (2008). The Romance of China: Excursions to China in U.S. Culture, 1776-1876. New York: Columbia University Press.

Harding, H. (2015, April 10). `So Bloody Similar`: The Socio-cultural Dimension of US-China Relations. Distinguished Public Lecture series, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore.

Hay, J. (1899, September 6). The Open Door Note. Retrieved from Mount Holyoke: https://www.mtholyoke.edu/acad/intrel/opendoor.htm

Hay, J. (1900). Open Door Notes: Text. Retrieved from Knox College: http://courses.knox.edu/hist245/opendoortext.html

Hopf, T. (1998). The Promise of Constructivism in International Relations Theory. International Security, 23(1), 171-200.

Hua, C. (2018, October 5). Foreign Ministry Spokesperson Hua Chunying Making Clear China`s Position in Response to US Leader`s Groundless Accusations Against China. Retrieved from Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the People`s Republic of China: https://www.fmprc.gov.cn/mfa_eng/xwfw_665399/s2510_665401/2535_665405/t1602095.shtml

Hua, C. (2018, October 5). Foreign Ministry Spokesperson Hua Chunying`s Remarks on US Leader`s Unfounded Accusations on Taiwan-related and Other Issues. Retrieved from Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the People`s Republic of China: https://www.fmprc.gov.cn/mfa_eng/xwfw_665399/s2510_665401/2535_665405/t1602193.shtml

Hua, C. (2018, November 18). Foreign Ministry Spokesperson Hua Chunying`s Remarks on US Vice President Mike Pence`s China-related Comments. Retrieved from Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the People`s Republic of China: https://www.fmprc.gov.cn/mfa_eng/xwfw_665399/s2510_665401/2535_665405/t1614121.shtml

Huang, Y. (1999). Sino-U.S. Relations: The Economic Dimensions. In Y. Deng, & F.-L. Wang (Eds.), In the Eyes of the Dragon: China Views the World. Lanham, Maryland: Rowman & Littlefield Publishers, Inc.

Hunt, M. H. (1983). The Making of a Special Relationship: The United States and China to 1914. New York: Columbia University Press.

Kalipci, M. (2018). Economic Effects of the Opium Wars for Imperial China: The Downfall of an Empire. AİBÜ Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü Dergisi, 18(3), 291-304.

Kammen, M. (1993). The Problem of American Exceptionalism: A Reconsideration. American Quarterly, 45(1), 1-43.

Kan, S. A., Bolkcom, C., Chapman, R., Dumbaugh, K., Goldman, S., Morrison, W., . . . Ackerman, D. (2001). China-U.S. Aircraf Collision Incident of April 2001: Assessments and Policy Implications. CSR Report for Congress. Congressional Research Service.

Kaplan, E. (2006, April 19). The Uneasy U.S.-Chinese Trade Relationship. Retrieved from Council on Foreign Relations: https://www.cfr.org/backgrounder/uneasy-us-chinese-trade-relationship

Kaufman, A. A. (2010). The "Century of Humiliation," Then and Now: Chinese Perceptions of the International Order. Pacific Focus, XXV(1), 1-33.

Kaufman, A. A. (2011). The `Century of Humiliation` and China`s National Narratives. Hearing on "China`s Narratives Regarding National Security Policy".

Kerry, J. (2016, September 28). Remarks on the Trans-Pacific Partnership. Retrieved from U.S. Department of State: https://2009-2017.state.gov/secretary/remarks/2016/09/262551.htm

Khong, Y. F. (1992). Analogies at War: Korea, Munich, Dien Bien Phu, and the Vietnam decisions of 1965. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press.

Koh, H. (2005). America`s Jekyll-and-Hyde Exceptionalism. In M. Ignatieff (Ed.), American Exceptionalism and Human Rights. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press.

Kydd, A. H. (2005). Trust and Mistrust in International Relations. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press.

László, J. (2014). Historical Tales and National Identity: An introduction to narrative social psychology. London: Routledge Taylor & Francis Group.

Lewis, D. L. (2012). Exceptionalism`s Exceptions: The Changing American Narrative. Dædalus, the Journal of the American Academy of Arts & Sciences, 141(1), 101-117.

Li, X. (2019, May 19). U.S. bullying cannot stop China from achieving rejuvenation. Retrieved from Xinhua Net News: http://www.xinhuanet.com/english/2019-05/19/c_138071807.htm

Lu, K. (2018, June 15). Foreign Ministry Spokesperson Lu Kang`s Remarks on the US` Announcement of Trade Measures Against Chin. Retrieved from Ministr of Foreign Affairs of the People`s Republic of China: https://www.fmprc.gov.cn/mfa_eng/xwfw_665399/s2510_665401/2535_665405/t1569340.shtml

Ma, Z. (2019, June 7). US trade bullying harms the world. Retrieved from China Daily: http://www.chinadaily.com.cn/a/201906/07/WS5cfa79a2a31017657723003b.html

MacMillan, M. (2003). Peacemakers: The Paris Conference of 1919 and Its Attempt to End War. London: John Murray Publishers.

McEcoy-Levy, S. (2001). American Exceptionalism and US Foreign Policy: Public Diplomacy at the End of the Cold War. New York, NY: Palgrave.

McKinley, W. (1900, December 3). Fourth Annual Message. Retrieved May 25, 2019, from University of Virginia Miller Center, Presidential Speeches: https://millercenter.org/the-presidency/presidential-speeches/december-3-1900-fourth-annual-message

MOFA. (2015, September 1). Foreign Ministry Spokesperson Hua Chunying`s Regular Press Conference. Retrieved from Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the People`s Republic of China: https://www.fmprc.gov.cn/mfa_eng/xwfw_665399/s2510_665401/t1292984.shtml

Morrison, W. M. (2018). China-U.S. Trade Issues. Congress Research Service.

Nathan, A. (2001). The Tiananmen Papers (an excerpt: "The Chinese leadership`s decision to use force against their own people-in their own words"). Foreign Affairs, 80(1), pp. 2-48.

Nayak, M. V., & Christopher, M. (2009). American Orientalism and American Exceptionalism: A Critical Rethinking of US Hegemony. International Studies Review, 11, 253-276.

Norman, A. P. (1991). Telling it Like it Was: Historical Narratives on Their Own Terms. History and Theory, 30(2), 119-135.

Obama, B. (2012, March 13). Remarks by the President on Fair Trade. Retrieved from The White House, President Barack Obama: https://obamawhitehouse.archives.gov/photos-and-video/video/2012/03/13/president-obama-speaks-enforcing-trade-rights-china#transcript

Obama, B. (2016, January 12). 2016 State of the Union Address. Retrieved from UVA Miller Center: https://millercenter.org/the-presidency/presidential-speeches/january-12-2016-2016-state-union-address

Onuf, P. S. (2012). American Exceptionalism and National Identity. American Political Thought, 1(1), 77-100.

Orlean, M. (1948). The Sino-American Commercial Treaty. The Far Eastern Quarterly, 7(4), 354-367.

Patterson, M., & Monroe, K. R. (1998). Narrative in Political Science. Annual Review of Political Science, 1, 315-331.

Pence, M. (2018, October 4). Remarks by Vice President Pence on the Administration`s Policy Toward China. Retrieved from White House: https://www.whitehouse.gov/briefings-statements/remarks-vice-president-pence-administrations-policy-toward-china/

Pence, M. (2019, February 16). Remarks by Vice President Pence at the 2019 Munich Security Conference. Retrieved from The White House: https://www.whitehouse.gov/briefings-statements/remarks-vice-president-pence-2019-munich-security-conference-munich-germany/

Philips-Fein, K. (2018). Our Political Narratives. Modern American History, 1, 83-86.

Plante, T. K. (1999). U.S. Marines in the Boxer Rebellion. Retrieved from National Archives: https://www.archives.gov/publications/prologue/1999/winter/boxer-rebellion-1.html

Politi, J., & Mitchell, T. (2019, May 7). US accuses China of `reneging` on trade promises. Retrieved from Financial Times: https://www.ft.com/content/ea07e70e-7044-11e9-bbfb-5c68069fbd15

Qianlong, E. (1914). The Emperor Qianlong`s "Mandates". In E. B. Bland, Annals and Memoirs of the Court of Pekin (pp. 322-334). London.

Qizhang, Q. (1987). Stages in the Development of the Boxer Movement and Their Characteristics. Chinese Studies in History, 20(3), 113-136.

Remarks by President Trump Before Marine One Departure. (2019, May 14). Retrieved from The White House: https://www.whitehouse.gov/briefings-statements/remarks-president-trump-marine-one-departure-42/

Remarks by President Trump Before Marine One Departure. (2019, May 14). Retrieved from The White House: https://www.whitehouse.gov/briefings-statements/remarks-president-trump-marine-one-departure-42/

Remarks by President Trump in Press Gaggle. (2017, November 14). Remarks by President Trump in Press Gaggle After 12th East Asia Summit. Retrieved from The White House: https://www.whitehouse.gov/briefings-statements/remarks-president-trump-press-gaggle-12th-east-asia-summit-manila-philippines/

Remarks by President Trump on Ending Surprise Medical Billing. (2019, May 9). Retrieved from The White House: https://www.whitehouse.gov/briefings-statements/remarks-president-trump-ending-surprise-medical-billing/

Reuters. (2019, May 9). Timeline: Key dates in the U.S.-China trade war. Retrieved from Reuters: https://www.reuters.com/article/us-usa-trade-china-timeline/timeline-key-dates-in-the-us-china-trade-war-idUSKCN1SE2OZ

Rice, S. (2015, September 21). National Security Advisor Susan E. Rice`s As Prepared Remarks on U.S.-China Relationship at George Washington University. Retrieved from The White House, Obama Administration: https://obamawhitehouse.archives.gov/the-press-office/2015/09/21/national-security-advisor-susan-e-rices-prepared-remarks-us-china

Roden, M. (2003). US-China Relations in the Contemporary Era: An International Political Economy Perspective. Politics, 23(3), 192-199.

Sheng, H. (1985). Imperialism and Chinese Politics. Beijing, China: Foreign Languages Press.

Shenhav, S. R. (2006). Political Narratives and Political Reality. International Political Science Review, 27(3), 245-262.

Skidmore, D., & Gates, W. (1997, 27 3). After Tiananmen: The Struggle over U.S. Policy toward China in the Bush Administration. Presidential Studies Quarterly, 514-539.

Smith, A. H. (1890). Chinese Characteristics. Shanghai: North-China Herald .

State Council PRC. (2018). The Facts and China`s Position on China-US Trade Friction. Information Office of the State Council , The People`s Republic of China. Retrieved from http://english.gov.cn/archive/white_paper/2018/09/26/content_281476319220196.htm

Suettinger, R. L. (2003). Beyond Tiananmen: The Politics of U.S.-China Relations 1989-2000. Washington, D.C.: Brookings Institution Press.

The State Council Information Office of the PRC. (2019, June 2). China`s Position on the China-US Economic and Trade Consultations. Retrieved from The State Council Information Office of the People`s Republic of China: https://www.scio.gov.cn/zfbps/32832/Document/1655934/1655934.htm

The White House. (2011, November 16). Remarks by President Obama and Prime Minister Gillard of Australia in Joint Press Conference. Retrieved from The White House Office of the Press Secretary : https://obamawhitehouse.archives.gov/the-press-office/2011/11/16/remarks-president-obama-and-prime-minister-gillard-australia-joint-press

The White House. (2017, January 12). Fact Sheet: The Obama Administration`s Record on the Trade Enforcement. Retrieved from The White House, President Barack Obama: https://obamawhitehouse.archives.gov/the-press-office/2017/01/12/fact-sheet-obama-administrations-record-trade-enforcement

The White House. (2017, January 12). Fact Sheet: The Obama Administration`s Record on Trade Enforcement. Retrieved from The White House, Office of the Press Secretary: https://obamawhitehouse.archives.gov/the-press-office/2017/01/12/fact-sheet-obama-administrations-record-trade-enforcement

The White House. (2017, November 9). Remarks by President Trump and President Xi of China at State Dinner. Retrieved from The White House: https://www.whitehouse.gov/briefings-statements/remarks-by-president-trump-and-president-xi-of-china-at-state-dinner-beijing-china/

The White House. (2018, April 9). Remarks by President Trump at Cabinet Meeting. Retrieved from The White House: https://www.whitehouse.gov/briefings-statements/remarks-president-trump-cabinet-meeting-7/

The White House. (2018, June 28). Remarks by President Trump at Foxconn Facility. Retrieved from The White House: https://www.whitehouse.gov/briefings-statements/remarks-president-trump-foxconn-facility/

The White House. (2018, February 2018). Remarks by President Trump, Vice President Pence, Members of Congress, and Members of the Cabinet in Meeting on Trade. Retrieved from The White House: https://www.whitehouse.gov/briefings-statements/remarks-president-trump-vice-president-pence-members-congress-members-cabinet-meeting-trade/

The White House. (2018, September 17). Statement from the President . Retrieved from The White House: https://www.whitehouse.gov/briefings-statements/statement-from-the-president-4/

TIME. (2016, June 28). Read Donald Trump`s Speech on Trade. Retrieved from TIME Magazine: https://time.com/4386335/donald-trump-trade-speech-transcript/

Trump, D. (2016, June 16). Donald Trump`s Presidential Announcement Speech. Retrieved from TIME: https://time.com/3923128/donald-trump-announcement-speech/

Trump, D. (2018, June 18). Statement from the President Regarding Trade with China. Retrieved from The White House: https://www.whitehouse.gov/briefings-statements/statement-president-regarding-trade-china-2/

U.S. Census Bureau. (2019, April). Trade in Goods with China. Retrieved June 8, 2019, from United States Census Bureau: https://www.census.gov/foreign-trade/balance/c5700.html#2011

U.S.-China Trade Facts. (2018). Retrieved from Office of the United States Trade Representative: https://ustr.gov/countries-regions/china-mongolia-taiwan/peoples-republic-china

USTR and the U.S. Department of Treasury. (2019, June 3). USTR and the U.S. Department of Treasury respond to "White Paper" issued by China on June 2, 2019. Retrieved from Office of the United States Trade Representative : https://ustr.gov/about-us/policy-offices/press-office/press-releases/2019/june/us-trade-representative-and-us

Wang, D. (2005). China`s Unequal Treaties: Narrating National History. New York: Lexington Books.

Wang, Y. (2018, December 11). Speech at the Opening of Symposium on the International Situation and China`s Foreign Relations in 2018 . Retrieved from Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the People`s : https://www.fmprc.gov.cn/mfa_eng/wjdt_665385/zyjh_665391/t1621221.shtml

Wang, Y. (2018, December 11). Speech by H.E. Wang Yi, State Councilor and Minister of Foreign Affairs at the Opening of Symposium on the International Situation and China`s Foreign Relations in 2018 . Retrieved from Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the People`s Republic of China: https://www.fmprc.gov.cn/mfa_eng/wjdt_665385/zyjh_665391/t1621221.shtml

Wang, Z. (2008). National Humiliation, History Education, and the Politics of Historical Memory: Patriotic Education Campaign in China. International Studies Quarterly, 52.

Wang, Z. (2014). The Chinese Dream: Concept and Context. Journal of Chinese Political Science, 19, 1-13.

Wendt, A. (1992). Anarchy is what States make of it: The Social Construction of Power Politics. International Organization, 46(2), 391-425.

White, H. (1980, Autumn). The Value of Narrativity in the Representation of Reality. Critical Inquiry, 5-27.

World Trade Organization. (2012, March 13). US, EU and Japan file disputes against China. Retrieved from World Trade Organization: https://www.wto.org/english/news_e/news12_e/dsrfc_13mar12_e.htm

Wu, T.-F. (1901, January). The Causes of the Unpopularity of the Foreigner in China. Annals of the American Academy of Political and Social Science , 1-14.

Xi Jinping`s first public address. (2012, November 15). Retrieved from CNN World: https://edition.cnn.com/2012/11/15/world/asia/china-xi-jinping-speech/index.html

Xi, J. (2019, May 21). 独家V观 习近平：新长征 我们要重新再出发. Retrieved from CCTV: http://news.cctv.com/2019/05/21/ARTIv6goesgdTWmNklCrHHTT190521.shtml

Xinhua. (2019, May 26). Commentary: China fights U.S. trade bullying with "Long March" spirit. Retrieved from People`s Daily : http://en.people.cn/n3/2019/0526/c90000-9581582.html

Zhang, S. G. (1999). China: Traditional and Revolutionary Heritage. In K. Booth, & R. Trood (Eds.), Strategic Cultures in the Asia-Pacific Region (pp. 29-50). New York, NY: St. Martin`s Press, Inc.
描述 碩士
國立政治大學
國際研究英語碩士學位學程(IMPIS)
106862011
資料來源 http://thesis.lib.nccu.edu.tw/record/#G0106862011
資料類型 thesis
dc.contributor.advisor 如大維zh_TW
dc.contributor.advisor Lorenzo, Daviden_US
dc.contributor.author (Authors) 倪泰麗zh_TW
dc.contributor.author (Authors) Taili Nien_US
dc.creator (作者) 倪泰麗zh_TW
dc.creator (作者) Ni, Tailien_US
dc.date (日期) 2019en_US
dc.date.accessioned 7-Aug-2019 17:06:06 (UTC+8)-
dc.date.available 7-Aug-2019 17:06:06 (UTC+8)-
dc.date.issued (上傳時間) 7-Aug-2019 17:06:06 (UTC+8)-
dc.identifier (Other Identifiers) G0106862011en_US
dc.identifier.uri (URI) http://nccur.lib.nccu.edu.tw/handle/140.119/125036-
dc.description (描述) 碩士zh_TW
dc.description (描述) 國立政治大學zh_TW
dc.description (描述) 國際研究英語碩士學位學程(IMPIS)zh_TW
dc.description (描述) 106862011zh_TW
dc.description.abstract (摘要) 中美關係是公認的世界上最重要的雙邊關係之一。中美關係歷來多有波折。這篇論文試圖從兩個歷史因素的角度去分析兩國關係的起伏：美國方面的施恩沒有回報的觀點，還有中國方面的民族長期被壓迫的觀點。目前，兩國正在進行日漸升級的貿易戰，利用關稅和經濟政策互相施壓。這篇論文利用建構正義理論及分析兩國的演講詞和官方言論來詮釋歷史因素對中美雙邊關係的影響。這篇論文發現這些歷史因素非常有助於解釋中美兩國關係的走向。zh_TW
dc.description.abstract (摘要) The relationship between the United States and the People’s Republic of China has long been
considered one of the most consequential bilateral relationships in the world. The history of the
relationship is wrought with ups and down. This paper attempts to explain this variation by
analyzing two historical narratives underpinning the relationship: an American narrative of
unappreciated benevolence and a Chinese narrative of national humiliation. Currently, the two
countries are embroiled in the trade war, a battle of escalating tariffs and economic aggression.
This paper looks at the ongoing trade war through a constructivist lens and utilizes discourse
analysis of speeches and statements in order to determine how narratives can help us understand
the relationship. This paper finds that the prevalence of narratives in the U.S.-China relationship
reinforces predilections towards selecting certain policy options.		en_US
dc.description.tableofcontents Chapter 1 Introduction 1
Chapter 2 Methods 5
2.1 Theoretical Framework 5
2.2 Data 7
2.3 Research Limitations 8
Chapter 3 Literature Review 9
3.1 U.S.-China Trade 10
3.2 Political Importance of Narratives 12
3.3 The American Narrative 15
3.4 The Chinese Narrative 19
Chapter 4: The Narratives and Historical Examples 22
4.1 The American Narrative 22
4.1.1 The Story 22
4.1.2 Identifying the American Narrative 24
4.1.3 Identifying American Non-Narrative 25
4.1.4 Historical Examples of the American Narrative 26
4.2 The Chinese Narrative 41
4.2.1 The Story 41
4.2.2 Identifying the Chinese Narrative 42
4.2.3 Identifying Chinese Non-Narrative 42
4.2.4 Historical Examples of the Chinese Narrative 43
Chapter 5: Analysis of Narratives 53
5.1 Data Analysis: United States 54
5.1.1 Establishing American Benevolence 54
5.1.2 Establishing Moral or Technical Superiority 57
5.1.3 Establishing Authority, Paternalism, and Disappointment 59
5.2 Data Analysis: People’s Republic of China .63
5.2.1 Establishing Humiliation or Victimhood 63
5.2.2 Establishing Respect for Sovereignty or Different Models 67
Chapter 6: Analysis of Interaction 70
6.1 American Response to the Chinese Narrative 70
6.2 Chinese Response to the American Narrative 72
Chapter 7: Conclusion 79
Bibliography 83		zh_TW
dc.format.extent 1157529 bytes-
dc.format.mimetype application/pdf-
dc.source.uri (資料來源) http://thesis.lib.nccu.edu.tw/record/#G0106862011en_US
dc.subject (關鍵詞) 歷史因素zh_TW
dc.subject (關鍵詞) 施恩沒有回報zh_TW
dc.subject (關鍵詞) 國恥zh_TW
dc.subject (關鍵詞) 中美關係zh_TW
dc.subject (關鍵詞) 貿易戰zh_TW
dc.subject (關鍵詞) Historical narrativesen_US
dc.subject (關鍵詞) Unappreciated benevolenceen_US
dc.subject (關鍵詞) National humiliationen_US
dc.subject (關鍵詞) U.S.-China relationsen_US
dc.subject (關鍵詞) Trade waren_US
dc.title (題名) 歷史敘述與貿易政策下的中美關係zh_TW
dc.title (題名) Historical Narratives and Trade Policy in the U.S.-China Relationshipen_US
dc.type (資料類型) thesisen_US
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 王怡. (2019, May 13). 社评：美方不断嚣张喊话，实为自我打气. Retrieved from 环球时报: http://opinion.huanqiu.com/editorial/2019-05/14888043.html?agt=15422

梅新育. (2019, 5 6). 美对华提出「不平等条约」但现在是1840年? Retrieved from http://mil.news.sina.com.cn/china/2018-05-06/doc-ihacuuvt8294836.shtml

Alessi, C. (2012, March 14). Challenging China`s Trade Practices. Retrieved from The Council on Foreign Relations: https://www.cfr.org/interview/challenging-chinas-trade-practices

Allison, G. (2017). Destined for War: Can America and China Escape Thucydides`s Trap? New York: Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing.

Bacevich, A. J. (2008). The Limits of Power: The End of American Exceptionalism. New York, NY: Henry Holt and Company, LLC.

Barrett, J. (1900). America`s Duty in China. The North American Review, 171(525), 145-157.

Barthes, R. (1975). An Introduction to the Structural Analysis of Narrative. New Literary History, 6(2), 237-272.

Bergsten, F. (2008). A Partnership of Equals: How Washington Should Respond to China`s Economic Challenge. Foreign Affairs, 57-69.

Bin, Y. (2018, 11 2). Historical truth behind US Open Door policy toward China. Retrieved from China Daily: http://www.chinadaily.com.cn/a/201811/02/WS5bdc11dea310eff303286442.html

Blanchard, B., & Daly, T. (2019, May 1). U.S., China reported near deal to end some tariffs; talks `productive`. Retrieved from Reuters: https://www.reuters.com/article/us-usa-trade-china/u-s-china-reported-near-deal-to-end-some-tariffs-talks-productive-idUSKCN1S72ZO

Blanchard, E. M. (2013). Constituting China: the role of metaphor in the discourses of early Sino-American relations. Journal of International Relations and Development, 16, 177-205.

Bloomberg News. (2019, May 14). A Timeline of the U.S.-China Trade War. Retrieved from Bloomberg News: https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2019-05-14/u-s-china-trade-war-timeline-what-led-up-to-the-stalemate

Bown, C. P., & McCulloch, R. (2007). U.S. Trade Policy towards China: Discrimination and its Implications. In P. A. Petri, & S. J. La Croix (Eds.), Challenges to the Global Trading System: Adjustment to Globalization in the Asia-Pacific Region. Routledge Taylor & Francis Group.

Bruner, J. (1996). The Culture of Education. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.

Buchholz, K. (2019, May 10). U.S.-Chinese Trade War Keeps on Escalating. Retrieved from Statista: https://www.statista.com/chart/15199/us-chinese-trade-war-escalates/

Bush, G. H. (1989, June 5). George H.W. Bush, Press Conference . Retrieved from USC U.S.-China Institute: https://china.usc.edu/george-hw-bush-press-conference-june-5-1989

Bush, G. H. (1989, June 5). President Bush Statement on China. Retrieved from C-Span: https://www.c-span.org/video/?7909-1/president-george-hw-bush-tiananmen-square-crackdown

Bush, G. H., & Scowcroft, B. (1998). A World Transformed. New York: Random House. Retrieved from http://www.standoffattiananmen.com/2012/06/document-of-1989-president-bushs.html

Bush, R. (2019, 5 29). Order from Chaos: 30 Years After Tiananmen Square, a look back on Congress` forceful response. Retrieved from The Brookings Institute: https://www.brookings.edu/blog/order-from-chaos/2019/05/29/30-years-after-tiananmen-square-a-look-back-on-congress-forceful-response/

Cain, F. (2008). The US-led Trade Embargo on China: The Origins of CHINCOM, 1947-52. Journal of Strategic Studies, 18(4), 33-54.

Callahan, W. A. (2004). National Insecurities: Humiliation, Salvation, and Chinese Nationalism. Alternatives, 29, 199-218.

Callahan, W. A. (2010). China: The Pessoptimist Nation. Oxford Scholarship online.

Campbell, C. (1941). American Business Interests and the Open Door in China. The Far Eastern Quarterly, 1(1), 43-58.

CFR Timeline. (2019). U.S. Relations with China 1949-2019. Retrieved from Council on Foreign Relations: https://www.cfr.org/timeline/us-relations-china

Cheng, J. Y., & Ngok, K.-L. (2004). The 2001 "Spy" Plane Incident Revisited: the Chinese Perspective. Journal of Chinese Political Science, 9(1), 63-83.

Chin, C. C. (2003). Beneficent Imperialists: American Women Missionaries in China at the Turn of the Twentieth Century. Diplomatic History, 327-352.

Clinton, H. (2011, October 11). America`s Pacific Century. Foreign Policy.

Cohen, P. (2002). Remembering and Forgetting National Humiliation in Twentieth-Century China. Twentieth-Century China(2).

Congressional Hearing. (1948, April 26). Hearing before a Subcommittee of the Committee on Foreign Relations on A Treaty of Friendship, Commerce, and Navigation Between the United States of America and the Republic of China. Washington, D.C.

CSR. (2016). China: Economic Sanctions. Congressional Research Service.

Dai, B. (2016, July 5). Speech by Dai Bingguo at China-US Dialogue. Retrieved from Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the People`s Republic of China: https://www.fmprc.gov.cn/mfa_eng/wjdt_665385/zyjh_665391/t1377747.shtml

Deng, X. (1989, June 9). Deng`s June 9 Speech: `We Faced a Rebellious Clique` and "Dregs of Society`. Retrieved from The New York Times: https://www.nytimes.com/1989/06/30/world/deng-s-june-9-speech-we-faced-a-rebellious-clique-and-dregs-of-society.html

Ding, G., & Ji, P. (2011, July 27). The U.S. Attaches Great Importance to the Trans-Pacific Partnership. Retrieved from People`s Daily: http://news.xinhuanet.com/world/2011-07/27/c_121725596.htm

Downs, J. (1968). American Merchants and the China Opium Trade, 1800-1840. Business History Review, 42(4), 418-442.

Downs, J. M. (1991). The Commercial Origins of American Attitudes toward China, 1784-1844. In J. I. Jonathan Goldstein (Ed.). London: Bethlehem: Lehigh University Press.

Elliott, J. (1996). Who Seeks the Truth Should be of No Country. American Journalism, 13(3), 255-285.

Fairbank, J. K. (1970). `American China Policy` to 1898: A Misconception. Pacific Historical Review, 39(4), 409-420.

Ford, C. (2015). China Looks at the West: Identity, Global Ambitions, and the Future of Sino-American Relations. Kentucky: University Press of Kentucky.

Full text of Xi Jinping`s report at 19th CPC National Congress. (2017, October 18). Retrieved from China Daily: http://www.chinadaily.com.cn/china/19thcpcnationalcongress/2017-11/04/content_34115212.htm

Galtung, J. (2001). The Construction of National Identities for Cosmic Drama: Chosenness-Myths-Trauma (CMT) Syndromes and Cultural Pathologies. In P. Udayakumar (Ed.), Handcuffed to History. Westpoint: Praeger.

Gao, F. (2019, June 6). Regular Press Conference of the Ministry of Commerce. Retrieved from Ministry of Commerce of the People`s Republic of China: http://english.mofcom.gov.cn/article/newsrelease/press/201906/20190602873158.shtml

Gass, N. (2016, May 2). Trump: `We can`t continue to allow China to rape our country`. Retrieved from Politico: https://www.politico.com/blogs/2016-gop-primary-live-updates-and-results/2016/05/trump-china-rape-america-222689

Geng, S. (2019, January 29). Foreign Ministry Spokesperson Geng Shuang`s Remarks on the US Indictments of Huawei. Retrieved from Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the People`s Republic of China: https://www.fmprc.gov.cn/mfa_eng/xwfw_665399/s2510_665401/2535_665405/t1633464.shtml

Glaser, B. S., & Billingsley, B. (2012). US Pivot to Asia Leaves China off Balance. Comparative Connections, 13(3).

Gries, P. H., & Peng, K. (2002). Culture Clash? Apologies East and West. Journal of Contemporary China, 11(30), 173-178.

Grimm, J., & Grimm, W. (1815). The Ungrateful Son. Retrieved December 2018, from University of Pittsburg: https://www.pitt.edu/~dash/grimm145.html

Haddad, J. (2013, June 10). Avoiding `Cultural Arrogance` with China. Retrieved from The Chronicle of Higher Education: https://www.chronicle.com/blogs/worldwise/avoiding-cultural-arrogance-with-china/32383

Haddad, J. R. (2008). The Romance of China: Excursions to China in U.S. Culture, 1776-1876. New York: Columbia University Press.

Harding, H. (2015, April 10). `So Bloody Similar`: The Socio-cultural Dimension of US-China Relations. Distinguished Public Lecture series, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore.

Hay, J. (1899, September 6). The Open Door Note. Retrieved from Mount Holyoke: https://www.mtholyoke.edu/acad/intrel/opendoor.htm

Hay, J. (1900). Open Door Notes: Text. Retrieved from Knox College: http://courses.knox.edu/hist245/opendoortext.html

Hopf, T. (1998). The Promise of Constructivism in International Relations Theory. International Security, 23(1), 171-200.

Hua, C. (2018, October 5). Foreign Ministry Spokesperson Hua Chunying Making Clear China`s Position in Response to US Leader`s Groundless Accusations Against China. Retrieved from Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the People`s Republic of China: https://www.fmprc.gov.cn/mfa_eng/xwfw_665399/s2510_665401/2535_665405/t1602095.shtml

Hua, C. (2018, October 5). Foreign Ministry Spokesperson Hua Chunying`s Remarks on US Leader`s Unfounded Accusations on Taiwan-related and Other Issues. Retrieved from Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the People`s Republic of China: https://www.fmprc.gov.cn/mfa_eng/xwfw_665399/s2510_665401/2535_665405/t1602193.shtml

Hua, C. (2018, November 18). Foreign Ministry Spokesperson Hua Chunying`s Remarks on US Vice President Mike Pence`s China-related Comments. Retrieved from Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the People`s Republic of China: https://www.fmprc.gov.cn/mfa_eng/xwfw_665399/s2510_665401/2535_665405/t1614121.shtml

Huang, Y. (1999). Sino-U.S. Relations: The Economic Dimensions. In Y. Deng, & F.-L. Wang (Eds.), In the Eyes of the Dragon: China Views the World. Lanham, Maryland: Rowman & Littlefield Publishers, Inc.

Hunt, M. H. (1983). The Making of a Special Relationship: The United States and China to 1914. New York: Columbia University Press.

Kalipci, M. (2018). Economic Effects of the Opium Wars for Imperial China: The Downfall of an Empire. AİBÜ Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü Dergisi, 18(3), 291-304.

Kammen, M. (1993). The Problem of American Exceptionalism: A Reconsideration. American Quarterly, 45(1), 1-43.

Kan, S. A., Bolkcom, C., Chapman, R., Dumbaugh, K., Goldman, S., Morrison, W., . . . Ackerman, D. (2001). China-U.S. Aircraf Collision Incident of April 2001: Assessments and Policy Implications. CSR Report for Congress. Congressional Research Service.

Kaplan, E. (2006, April 19). The Uneasy U.S.-Chinese Trade Relationship. Retrieved from Council on Foreign Relations: https://www.cfr.org/backgrounder/uneasy-us-chinese-trade-relationship

Kaufman, A. A. (2010). The "Century of Humiliation," Then and Now: Chinese Perceptions of the International Order. Pacific Focus, XXV(1), 1-33.

Kaufman, A. A. (2011). The `Century of Humiliation` and China`s National Narratives. Hearing on "China`s Narratives Regarding National Security Policy".

Kerry, J. (2016, September 28). Remarks on the Trans-Pacific Partnership. Retrieved from U.S. Department of State: https://2009-2017.state.gov/secretary/remarks/2016/09/262551.htm

Khong, Y. F. (1992). Analogies at War: Korea, Munich, Dien Bien Phu, and the Vietnam decisions of 1965. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press.

Koh, H. (2005). America`s Jekyll-and-Hyde Exceptionalism. In M. Ignatieff (Ed.), American Exceptionalism and Human Rights. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press.

Kydd, A. H. (2005). Trust and Mistrust in International Relations. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press.

László, J. (2014). Historical Tales and National Identity: An introduction to narrative social psychology. London: Routledge Taylor & Francis Group.

Lewis, D. L. (2012). Exceptionalism`s Exceptions: The Changing American Narrative. Dædalus, the Journal of the American Academy of Arts & Sciences, 141(1), 101-117.

Li, X. (2019, May 19). U.S. bullying cannot stop China from achieving rejuvenation. Retrieved from Xinhua Net News: http://www.xinhuanet.com/english/2019-05/19/c_138071807.htm

Lu, K. (2018, June 15). Foreign Ministry Spokesperson Lu Kang`s Remarks on the US` Announcement of Trade Measures Against Chin. Retrieved from Ministr of Foreign Affairs of the People`s Republic of China: https://www.fmprc.gov.cn/mfa_eng/xwfw_665399/s2510_665401/2535_665405/t1569340.shtml

Ma, Z. (2019, June 7). US trade bullying harms the world. Retrieved from China Daily: http://www.chinadaily.com.cn/a/201906/07/WS5cfa79a2a31017657723003b.html

MacMillan, M. (2003). Peacemakers: The Paris Conference of 1919 and Its Attempt to End War. London: John Murray Publishers.

McEcoy-Levy, S. (2001). American Exceptionalism and US Foreign Policy: Public Diplomacy at the End of the Cold War. New York, NY: Palgrave.

McKinley, W. (1900, December 3). Fourth Annual Message. Retrieved May 25, 2019, from University of Virginia Miller Center, Presidential Speeches: https://millercenter.org/the-presidency/presidential-speeches/december-3-1900-fourth-annual-message

MOFA. (2015, September 1). Foreign Ministry Spokesperson Hua Chunying`s Regular Press Conference. Retrieved from Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the People`s Republic of China: https://www.fmprc.gov.cn/mfa_eng/xwfw_665399/s2510_665401/t1292984.shtml

Morrison, W. M. (2018). China-U.S. Trade Issues. Congress Research Service.

Nathan, A. (2001). The Tiananmen Papers (an excerpt: "The Chinese leadership`s decision to use force against their own people-in their own words"). Foreign Affairs, 80(1), pp. 2-48.

Nayak, M. V., & Christopher, M. (2009). American Orientalism and American Exceptionalism: A Critical Rethinking of US Hegemony. International Studies Review, 11, 253-276.

Norman, A. P. (1991). Telling it Like it Was: Historical Narratives on Their Own Terms. History and Theory, 30(2), 119-135.

Obama, B. (2012, March 13). Remarks by the President on Fair Trade. Retrieved from The White House, President Barack Obama: https://obamawhitehouse.archives.gov/photos-and-video/video/2012/03/13/president-obama-speaks-enforcing-trade-rights-china#transcript

Obama, B. (2016, January 12). 2016 State of the Union Address. Retrieved from UVA Miller Center: https://millercenter.org/the-presidency/presidential-speeches/january-12-2016-2016-state-union-address

Onuf, P. S. (2012). American Exceptionalism and National Identity. American Political Thought, 1(1), 77-100.

Orlean, M. (1948). The Sino-American Commercial Treaty. The Far Eastern Quarterly, 7(4), 354-367.

Patterson, M., & Monroe, K. R. (1998). Narrative in Political Science. Annual Review of Political Science, 1, 315-331.

Pence, M. (2018, October 4). Remarks by Vice President Pence on the Administration`s Policy Toward China. Retrieved from White House: https://www.whitehouse.gov/briefings-statements/remarks-vice-president-pence-administrations-policy-toward-china/

Pence, M. (2019, February 16). Remarks by Vice President Pence at the 2019 Munich Security Conference. Retrieved from The White House: https://www.whitehouse.gov/briefings-statements/remarks-vice-president-pence-2019-munich-security-conference-munich-germany/

Philips-Fein, K. (2018). Our Political Narratives. Modern American History, 1, 83-86.

Plante, T. K. (1999). U.S. Marines in the Boxer Rebellion. Retrieved from National Archives: https://www.archives.gov/publications/prologue/1999/winter/boxer-rebellion-1.html

Politi, J., & Mitchell, T. (2019, May 7). US accuses China of `reneging` on trade promises. Retrieved from Financial Times: https://www.ft.com/content/ea07e70e-7044-11e9-bbfb-5c68069fbd15

Qianlong, E. (1914). The Emperor Qianlong`s "Mandates". In E. B. Bland, Annals and Memoirs of the Court of Pekin (pp. 322-334). London.

Qizhang, Q. (1987). Stages in the Development of the Boxer Movement and Their Characteristics. Chinese Studies in History, 20(3), 113-136.

Remarks by President Trump Before Marine One Departure. (2019, May 14). Retrieved from The White House: https://www.whitehouse.gov/briefings-statements/remarks-president-trump-marine-one-departure-42/

Remarks by President Trump Before Marine One Departure. (2019, May 14). Retrieved from The White House: https://www.whitehouse.gov/briefings-statements/remarks-president-trump-marine-one-departure-42/

Remarks by President Trump in Press Gaggle. (2017, November 14). Remarks by President Trump in Press Gaggle After 12th East Asia Summit. Retrieved from The White House: https://www.whitehouse.gov/briefings-statements/remarks-president-trump-press-gaggle-12th-east-asia-summit-manila-philippines/

Remarks by President Trump on Ending Surprise Medical Billing. (2019, May 9). Retrieved from The White House: https://www.whitehouse.gov/briefings-statements/remarks-president-trump-ending-surprise-medical-billing/

Reuters. (2019, May 9). Timeline: Key dates in the U.S.-China trade war. Retrieved from Reuters: https://www.reuters.com/article/us-usa-trade-china-timeline/timeline-key-dates-in-the-us-china-trade-war-idUSKCN1SE2OZ

Rice, S. (2015, September 21). National Security Advisor Susan E. Rice`s As Prepared Remarks on U.S.-China Relationship at George Washington University. Retrieved from The White House, Obama Administration: https://obamawhitehouse.archives.gov/the-press-office/2015/09/21/national-security-advisor-susan-e-rices-prepared-remarks-us-china

Roden, M. (2003). US-China Relations in the Contemporary Era: An International Political Economy Perspective. Politics, 23(3), 192-199.

Sheng, H. (1985). Imperialism and Chinese Politics. Beijing, China: Foreign Languages Press.

Shenhav, S. R. (2006). Political Narratives and Political Reality. International Political Science Review, 27(3), 245-262.

Skidmore, D., & Gates, W. (1997, 27 3). After Tiananmen: The Struggle over U.S. Policy toward China in the Bush Administration. Presidential Studies Quarterly, 514-539.

Smith, A. H. (1890). Chinese Characteristics. Shanghai: North-China Herald .

State Council PRC. (2018). The Facts and China`s Position on China-US Trade Friction. Information Office of the State Council , The People`s Republic of China. Retrieved from http://english.gov.cn/archive/white_paper/2018/09/26/content_281476319220196.htm

Suettinger, R. L. (2003). Beyond Tiananmen: The Politics of U.S.-China Relations 1989-2000. Washington, D.C.: Brookings Institution Press.

The State Council Information Office of the PRC. (2019, June 2). China`s Position on the China-US Economic and Trade Consultations. Retrieved from The State Council Information Office of the People`s Republic of China: https://www.scio.gov.cn/zfbps/32832/Document/1655934/1655934.htm

The White House. (2011, November 16). Remarks by President Obama and Prime Minister Gillard of Australia in Joint Press Conference. Retrieved from The White House Office of the Press Secretary : https://obamawhitehouse.archives.gov/the-press-office/2011/11/16/remarks-president-obama-and-prime-minister-gillard-australia-joint-press

The White House. (2017, January 12). Fact Sheet: The Obama Administration`s Record on the Trade Enforcement. Retrieved from The White House, President Barack Obama: https://obamawhitehouse.archives.gov/the-press-office/2017/01/12/fact-sheet-obama-administrations-record-trade-enforcement

The White House. (2017, January 12). Fact Sheet: The Obama Administration`s Record on Trade Enforcement. Retrieved from The White House, Office of the Press Secretary: https://obamawhitehouse.archives.gov/the-press-office/2017/01/12/fact-sheet-obama-administrations-record-trade-enforcement

The White House. (2017, November 9). Remarks by President Trump and President Xi of China at State Dinner. Retrieved from The White House: https://www.whitehouse.gov/briefings-statements/remarks-by-president-trump-and-president-xi-of-china-at-state-dinner-beijing-china/

The White House. (2018, April 9). Remarks by President Trump at Cabinet Meeting. Retrieved from The White House: https://www.whitehouse.gov/briefings-statements/remarks-president-trump-cabinet-meeting-7/

The White House. (2018, June 28). Remarks by President Trump at Foxconn Facility. Retrieved from The White House: https://www.whitehouse.gov/briefings-statements/remarks-president-trump-foxconn-facility/

The White House. (2018, February 2018). Remarks by President Trump, Vice President Pence, Members of Congress, and Members of the Cabinet in Meeting on Trade. Retrieved from The White House: https://www.whitehouse.gov/briefings-statements/remarks-president-trump-vice-president-pence-members-congress-members-cabinet-meeting-trade/

The White House. (2018, September 17). Statement from the President . Retrieved from The White House: https://www.whitehouse.gov/briefings-statements/statement-from-the-president-4/

TIME. (2016, June 28). Read Donald Trump`s Speech on Trade. Retrieved from TIME Magazine: https://time.com/4386335/donald-trump-trade-speech-transcript/

Trump, D. (2016, June 16). Donald Trump`s Presidential Announcement Speech. Retrieved from TIME: https://time.com/3923128/donald-trump-announcement-speech/

Trump, D. (2018, June 18). Statement from the President Regarding Trade with China. Retrieved from The White House: https://www.whitehouse.gov/briefings-statements/statement-president-regarding-trade-china-2/

U.S. Census Bureau. (2019, April). Trade in Goods with China. Retrieved June 8, 2019, from United States Census Bureau: https://www.census.gov/foreign-trade/balance/c5700.html#2011

U.S.-China Trade Facts. (2018). Retrieved from Office of the United States Trade Representative: https://ustr.gov/countries-regions/china-mongolia-taiwan/peoples-republic-china

USTR and the U.S. Department of Treasury. (2019, June 3). USTR and the U.S. Department of Treasury respond to "White Paper" issued by China on June 2, 2019. Retrieved from Office of the United States Trade Representative : https://ustr.gov/about-us/policy-offices/press-office/press-releases/2019/june/us-trade-representative-and-us

Wang, D. (2005). China`s Unequal Treaties: Narrating National History. New York: Lexington Books.

Wang, Y. (2018, December 11). Speech at the Opening of Symposium on the International Situation and China`s Foreign Relations in 2018 . Retrieved from Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the People`s : https://www.fmprc.gov.cn/mfa_eng/wjdt_665385/zyjh_665391/t1621221.shtml

Wang, Y. (2018, December 11). Speech by H.E. Wang Yi, State Councilor and Minister of Foreign Affairs at the Opening of Symposium on the International Situation and China`s Foreign Relations in 2018 . Retrieved from Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the People`s Republic of China: https://www.fmprc.gov.cn/mfa_eng/wjdt_665385/zyjh_665391/t1621221.shtml

Wang, Z. (2008). National Humiliation, History Education, and the Politics of Historical Memory: Patriotic Education Campaign in China. International Studies Quarterly, 52.

Wang, Z. (2014). The Chinese Dream: Concept and Context. Journal of Chinese Political Science, 19, 1-13.

Wendt, A. (1992). Anarchy is what States make of it: The Social Construction of Power Politics. International Organization, 46(2), 391-425.

White, H. (1980, Autumn). The Value of Narrativity in the Representation of Reality. Critical Inquiry, 5-27.

World Trade Organization. (2012, March 13). US, EU and Japan file disputes against China. Retrieved from World Trade Organization: https://www.wto.org/english/news_e/news12_e/dsrfc_13mar12_e.htm

Wu, T.-F. (1901, January). The Causes of the Unpopularity of the Foreigner in China. Annals of the American Academy of Political and Social Science , 1-14.

Xi Jinping`s first public address. (2012, November 15). Retrieved from CNN World: https://edition.cnn.com/2012/11/15/world/asia/china-xi-jinping-speech/index.html

Xi, J. (2019, May 21). 独家V观 习近平：新长征 我们要重新再出发. Retrieved from CCTV: http://news.cctv.com/2019/05/21/ARTIv6goesgdTWmNklCrHHTT190521.shtml

Xinhua. (2019, May 26). Commentary: China fights U.S. trade bullying with "Long March" spirit. Retrieved from People`s Daily : http://en.people.cn/n3/2019/0526/c90000-9581582.html

Zhang, S. G. (1999). China: Traditional and Revolutionary Heritage. In K. Booth, & R. Trood (Eds.), Strategic Cultures in the Asia-Pacific Region (pp. 29-50). New York, NY: St. Martin`s Press, Inc.		zh_TW
dc.identifier.doi (DOI) 10.6814/NCCU201900222en_US