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題名 WTO之文化例外條款在台灣對外經貿協定運用之研究
Cultural Exception Clause in WTO and its Implication in Taiwan’s FTA
作者 林品萱
Lin, Pin-Hsuan
貢獻者 許耀明
Hsu, Yao-Ming
林品萱
Lin, Pin-Hsuan
關鍵詞 文化例外
文化多樣性
國際貿易協定
文化基本法
世界貿易組織
關稅暨貿易總協定
WTO爭端解決機制
Cultural Exception
Cultural Diversity
International Trade Agreement
Culture Basic Law
WTO
General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade (GATT)
WTO Dispute Settlement
日期 2019
上傳時間 5-Sep-2019 16:30:43 (UTC+8)
摘要 本文欲探討WTO協定下文化例外在台灣之運用,為因應文化與貿易間日趨緊密的關係,希望藉由釐清聯合國教科文組織下的文化概念的演進,與WTO協定條文中可能涵蓋的文化例外條款相比,探討在WTO的體制下,各國是否有主張文化例外條款的空間。除了條文上的闡釋之外,本文希望藉由WTO爭端解決實際的案例,分析各國在處理文化貿易案件時,可能遭遇到文化例外上的爭點,藉由分析、理解在WTO場域主張文化例外時面臨的相關問題,並在WTO協定範圍內,針對文化例外條款問題提出可能的解決途徑。
本文亦探討在WTO法律架構之外,在國際貿易協定中,文化例外條款設計的態樣及其優缺點。最後,將討論回歸我國《文化基本法》,探討我國文化基本法中可以對外主張文化例外條款之可能性,並統整國際貿易協定與台紐經濟合作協定中,提出我國未來訂定其他國際貿易協定時,得將文化例外條款納入國際協定之方式及建議,以利保障我國獨特的文化多樣性,及促進我國文化發展。
In response to the relationship between culture and trade, this present paper attempts to clarify the evolution of the cultural concept under UNESCO along with the cultural exception clauses that may be covered in the provisions of the WTO Agreement in order to discuss the whether there are rooms for countries to advocate cultural exception clauses under the WTO system; if not, if there is any solution.
In addition to the interpretation of the articles, this present paper attempts to analyze the difficulties which countries may encounter while avocating cultural exceptions through WTO disputes cases. By analyzing and understanding cultural exceptions within the scope of the WTO Agreement, this present paper attempts to propose possible solutions to the advocation of cultural exception clause. The present paper also discusses the design aspect of cultural exception clause with its advantages and disadvantages in international trade agreements.
Last but not least, in order to safeguard Taiwan’s unique culture and promote culture diversity, we will discuss the possibility that Taiwan’s Cultural Basic Law claims cultural exception clauses in the international scale, and attempts to integrate the international trade agreements and Agreement between New Zealand and the Separate Customs Territory of Taiwan, Penghu, Kinmen, and Matsu on Economic Cooperation; propose the methods and recommendations for incorporating cultural exception clauses into international agreements when Taiwan sets other international trade agreements in the future.
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1. A. Kish, Karsie, Protectionism to Promote Culture: South Korea and Japan, a Case Study, 22 U. PA. J. INT`L L. 153(2001)
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8. Brooks, Eireann, Cultural Imperialism Vs. Cultural Protectionism: Hollywood`s Response to UNESCO Efforts to Promote Cultural Diversity, 5 J. INT`L BUS. & L. 112 (2006)
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GATT/WTO判決案例

1. European Communities - Measures Affecting Asbestos and Asbestos-Containing Products, Appellate Body Report, WT/DS135/AB/R, adopted 5 April 2001, DSR 2001:VII, 3243
2. China- Audiovisual Services, WTO Appellate Body Report, WT/DS363/AB/R, adopted on 19 January 2010
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5. China- Measures Affecting Trading Rights and Distribution Services for Certain Publications and Audiovisual Entertainment Products (China- Audiovisual Services),, Panel Report,WT/DS363/R, appealed on 22 September 2009, WT/DS363; WTO Appellate Body Report, China- Audiovisual Services, WT/DS363/AB/R, adopted on 19 January 2010, WT/DS363/AB/R.
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網路資料

1. Riyaz Dattu, Gajan Sathananthan, CPTPP: TPP parties proceed without the United States, Feburary 12, 2018,
https://www.osler.com/en/resources/cross-border/2018/cptpp-tpp-parties-proceed-without-the-united-states (last visited July. 7, 2019)
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描述 碩士
國立政治大學
法律科際整合研究所
105652005
資料來源 http://thesis.lib.nccu.edu.tw/record/#G0105652005
資料類型 thesis
dc.contributor.advisor 許耀明zh_TW
dc.contributor.advisor Hsu, Yao-Mingen_US
dc.contributor.author (Authors) 林品萱zh_TW
dc.contributor.author (Authors) Lin, Pin-Hsuanen_US
dc.creator (作者) 林品萱zh_TW
dc.creator (作者) Lin, Pin-Hsuanen_US
dc.date (日期) 2019en_US
dc.date.accessioned 5-Sep-2019 16:30:43 (UTC+8)-
dc.date.available 5-Sep-2019 16:30:43 (UTC+8)-
dc.date.issued (上傳時間) 5-Sep-2019 16:30:43 (UTC+8)-
dc.identifier (Other Identifiers) G0105652005en_US
dc.identifier.uri (URI) http://nccur.lib.nccu.edu.tw/handle/140.119/125691-
dc.description (描述) 碩士zh_TW
dc.description (描述) 國立政治大學zh_TW
dc.description (描述) 法律科際整合研究所zh_TW
dc.description (描述) 105652005zh_TW
dc.description.abstract (摘要) 本文欲探討WTO協定下文化例外在台灣之運用,為因應文化與貿易間日趨緊密的關係,希望藉由釐清聯合國教科文組織下的文化概念的演進,與WTO協定條文中可能涵蓋的文化例外條款相比,探討在WTO的體制下,各國是否有主張文化例外條款的空間。除了條文上的闡釋之外,本文希望藉由WTO爭端解決實際的案例,分析各國在處理文化貿易案件時,可能遭遇到文化例外上的爭點,藉由分析、理解在WTO場域主張文化例外時面臨的相關問題,並在WTO協定範圍內,針對文化例外條款問題提出可能的解決途徑。
本文亦探討在WTO法律架構之外,在國際貿易協定中,文化例外條款設計的態樣及其優缺點。最後,將討論回歸我國《文化基本法》,探討我國文化基本法中可以對外主張文化例外條款之可能性,並統整國際貿易協定與台紐經濟合作協定中,提出我國未來訂定其他國際貿易協定時,得將文化例外條款納入國際協定之方式及建議,以利保障我國獨特的文化多樣性,及促進我國文化發展。
zh_TW
dc.description.abstract (摘要) In response to the relationship between culture and trade, this present paper attempts to clarify the evolution of the cultural concept under UNESCO along with the cultural exception clauses that may be covered in the provisions of the WTO Agreement in order to discuss the whether there are rooms for countries to advocate cultural exception clauses under the WTO system; if not, if there is any solution.
In addition to the interpretation of the articles, this present paper attempts to analyze the difficulties which countries may encounter while avocating cultural exceptions through WTO disputes cases. By analyzing and understanding cultural exceptions within the scope of the WTO Agreement, this present paper attempts to propose possible solutions to the advocation of cultural exception clause. The present paper also discusses the design aspect of cultural exception clause with its advantages and disadvantages in international trade agreements.
Last but not least, in order to safeguard Taiwan’s unique culture and promote culture diversity, we will discuss the possibility that Taiwan’s Cultural Basic Law claims cultural exception clauses in the international scale, and attempts to integrate the international trade agreements and Agreement between New Zealand and the Separate Customs Territory of Taiwan, Penghu, Kinmen, and Matsu on Economic Cooperation; propose the methods and recommendations for incorporating cultural exception clauses into international agreements when Taiwan sets other international trade agreements in the future.
en_US
dc.description.tableofcontents 第壹章 緒論 1
第一節 研究動機及目的 1
第二節 研究範圍 2
第三節 研究方法 3
第四節 研究架構 3
第貳章「文化例外」概念概述 5
第一節 文化與貿易的關係 5
第二節 聯合國教科文組織下的文化概念 8
第一項「世界文化多樣性宣言」 9
第二項「保護和促進文化表現多樣性公約」 11
第一款 公約宗旨 11
第二款 指導原則 12
第三款 公約的積極意義 14
第四款 公約可能的缺失 15
第三項「保護和促進文化表現多樣性公約」及「世界文化多樣性宣言」對於影視產業之影響及實際市場反應 21
第三節 WTO下「文化例外」概念 24
第一項 GATT 1994第4條關於電影之特殊規定 25
第二項 GATT 1994第20條一般例外第j款 對國家文物之保護 26
第三項 針對UNESCO及WTO可得運用「文化例外概念」範圍之比較 27
第四節 WTO之文化例外條款與WTO其他條款及協定間之關係 28
第一項WTO之文化例外條款與國民待遇之關係 28
第二項 WTO之文化例外條款與公共道德之關係 29
第三項 WTO之文化例外條款與反傾銷之關係 30
第四項 WTO之文化例外條款與GATS之關係 32
第五項 WTO之文化例外條款與TRIPS之關係 33
第五節 小結 35
第參章 GATT/ WTO與文化例外相關案例 37
第一節 1984年日本皮革製品案 38
第一項 案例事實 38
第二項 本案與文化例外相關爭點 38
第一款 GATT 1947第11條 40
第三項 本案評析 41
第二節 1996年加拿大雜誌案 42
第一項 案例事實 42
第二項 本案與文化例外相關爭點 47
第一款 郵資費率的有效性 47
第三項 本案評析 50
第三節 2009年中美視聽服務案 52
第一項 案例事實 52
第二項 本案評析 60
第四節 各國採取文化例外所面臨之相關問題及可能解決途徑 63
第肆章 各國貿易協定下相關之文化例外條款 69
第一節 美加自由貿易協定 69
第一項 CUSFTA相關文化例外條款 70
第二項 CUSFTA相關文化例外條款之評析 72
第二節 北美自由貿易協定 73
第一項 NAFTA相關文化例外條款 73
第二項 NAFTA相關文化例外條款之評析 75
第三節 歐盟與加勒比海論壇之經濟夥伴協定 77
第一項 歐盟與加勒比海論壇之經濟夥伴協定相關文化例外條款 77
第二項 歐盟與加勒比海論壇之經濟夥伴協定相關文化例外條款之評析 78
第四節 加拿大-歐盟全面性經濟與貿易協議 79
第一項 CETA相關文化例外條款 79
第二項 CETA相關文化例外條款之評析 82
第五節 跨太平洋夥伴全面進步協定 83
第一項 CPTPP相關文化例外條款 83
第二項 CPTPP相關文化例外條款之評析 85
第六節 美加墨協定 86
第一項USMCA相關文化例外條款 86
第二項USMCA相關文化例外條款之評析 88
第七節 小結 89
第伍章 台灣《文化基本法》與台灣簽訂自由貿易協定中相關文化例外條款 91
第一節 文化基本法 91
第一項 文化基本法條文分析 92
第一款 文化基本法之目的及核心價值 92
第二款 文化基本法之人民基本文化權利 93
第三款 文化基本法之文化基本方針 98
第四款 文化基本法之文化機構 100
第五款 文化基本法之特定文化政策 101
第六款 文化基本法之國際交流 102
第七款 文化基本法之文化治理體制 103
第八款 文化基本法之社區參與 106
第九款 文化基本法之文化、藝術工作權 106
第十款 文化基本法之文化權利救濟 107
第十ㄧ款 文化基本法之特別效力條款 107
第二項 文化基本法評析 107
第三項 與各國文化基本法比較 109
第一款 韓國《文化基本法》 109
第二款 日本《文化藝術基本法》 112
第四項 針對文化例外可能產生之影響及改善建議 113
第二節 台灣所簽署之貿易協定中與文化例外相關條款 115
第一項 台紐經濟合作協定 115
第二項 ANZTEC 相關文化例外條款 115
第三項 ANZTEC 相關文化例外條款評析 117
第三節 針對台灣簽署貿易協定中可能之文化例外條款運用建議 118
第陸章 結論 121
附錄一:韓國《文化基本法》 123
附錄二:日本《文化藝術基本法》 127
附錄三:台日韓《文化基本法》比較表 137
參考文獻 165
zh_TW
dc.format.extent 2935206 bytes-
dc.format.mimetype application/pdf-
dc.source.uri (資料來源) http://thesis.lib.nccu.edu.tw/record/#G0105652005en_US
dc.subject (關鍵詞) 文化例外zh_TW
dc.subject (關鍵詞) 文化多樣性zh_TW
dc.subject (關鍵詞) 國際貿易協定zh_TW
dc.subject (關鍵詞) 文化基本法zh_TW
dc.subject (關鍵詞) 世界貿易組織zh_TW
dc.subject (關鍵詞) 關稅暨貿易總協定zh_TW
dc.subject (關鍵詞) WTO爭端解決機制zh_TW
dc.subject (關鍵詞) Cultural Exceptionen_US
dc.subject (關鍵詞) Cultural Diversityen_US
dc.subject (關鍵詞) International Trade Agreementen_US
dc.subject (關鍵詞) Culture Basic Lawen_US
dc.subject (關鍵詞) WTOen_US
dc.subject (關鍵詞) General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade (GATT)en_US
dc.subject (關鍵詞) WTO Dispute Settlementen_US
dc.title (題名) WTO之文化例外條款在台灣對外經貿協定運用之研究zh_TW
dc.title (題名) Cultural Exception Clause in WTO and its Implication in Taiwan’s FTAen_US
dc.type (資料類型) thesisen_US
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 參考文獻

中文文獻
專書

1. David Held著,沈宗瑞、高少凡、許湘濤、陳淑鈴譯,全球化趨勢與衝擊,韋伯,2007年
2. 丘宏達,現代國際法,修訂三版,三民,2013年
3. 劉俊裕,再東方化:文化政策與文化治理的東亞取徑,巨流圖書公司,2018年
4. 姜皇池,國際公法導論,第3版,新學林,2008年
5. 彭心儀,WTO服務貿易與通訊科技法律,元照,2009年
6. 林彩瑜,WTO制度與實務: 世界貿組織法律研究(三),元照,第2版,2013年
7. 洪德欽,WTO法律與政策專題研究,第3版,新學林, 2017年
8. 社團法人臺灣文化法學會,文化優先的時代 – 臺灣文化法,2017年
9. 羅昌發,GATT/WTO與我國貿易:國際經貿法研究(四),永然,1996年
10. 羅昌發,國際貿易法:世界貿易組織下之法律新秩序,元照,2010年
11. 蘇宏達、劉以德等,歐洲聯盟文化政策之脈絡與實踐,台灣歐洲聯盟中心策劃,台灣歐洲聯盟研究叢書,台大出版中心,2016年
12. 許育典,文化基本權與多元文化國,元照, 2014 年
13. 許育典,文化憲法及文化國,國立成功大學法學叢書,2013年
14. 許育典,文化憲法與文化國,元照, 2013 年
15. 黃立,李貴英,林彩瑜合著,WTO:國際貿易法論,4版,2009年

期刊論文

1. 王怡惠,論TPP與文化例外,臺灣經濟研究月刊,第39卷第12期,第35-42頁,2016年12月
2. 王隆文,日法文化基本法的考察及其對中國的啟示,日本問題研究,第4期,第27卷,第74-80頁,2013年
3. 王曉德,全球自由貿易框架下的「文化例外」—以法國和加拿大等國抵制美國文化產品為例,世界經濟與政治,第12期,第71-78頁,2007年
4. 石靜霞,區域貿易協定(RTAs)中的文化條款研究:基於自由貿易與文化多樣性角度,對外經濟貿易大學法學院,經貿法律評論,第78-96頁,2018年
5. 朱苔心,論中美試聽服務案對中美電影產業之經濟效應,經貿法訊第112期,政大商學院國際經貿組織暨法律研究中心,第26-30頁,2011年1月26日
6. 艾素君,國際法框架下文化與貿易的衝突與調和,上海大學學報(社會科學版),第15卷第5期,第19-26頁,2008年9月
7. 何明泉、林其祥、劉怡君,文化商品開發設計之構思,設計學報,第1卷,第 1期,第1-15頁,1996年
8. 何琼、許志瑜、鄭守桓,試聽服務貿易中的文化政策爭議—「GATT1947」第4条引發的思考,世界貿易組織動態與研究,第12期,第24-28頁, 2006年
9. 李淳、顏慧欣、吳玉瑩、吳柏寬,加歐盟 CETA 文本架構及內容分析,中華經濟研究院WTO 及 RTA 中心,2015年12月
10. 李貴英、吳柏寬,我國簽署自由貿易協定時,應實施何種政策以確保我國文化多樣性,中華經濟研究院、台灣WTO中心,2008年
11. 李潔,國際法視野下的自由貿易與文化多樣性之衝突——兼論UNESCO《保護和促進文化表現形式多樣性公約》第20條,中南民族大學學報(人文社會科學版),第31卷,第3期,第103-108頁,2011年
12. 周志宏,制定文化基本法之法律問題,陳春生編著,法之橋:臺灣與法國之法學交會-彭惕業教授榮退論文集,第243-384頁,2016年7月
13. 林玫君,美國為履行「美國—墨西哥—加拿大協定」義務之法律變更需求清單,經貿法訊,政大商學院國際經貿組織既法律研究中心,第248期,第9-12頁,2019年3月
14. 林伊君,GATS同類服務與服務供給者問題之研究(下),台灣國際法季刊,第6卷3期,第193-238頁,2009年9月
15. 林依仁,文化意涵與其保護在國際法中的轉變,臺灣國際法季刊,第7卷,第4期,第87-128頁,2010年,doi: 10.29799/tilq.201012.0003
16. 林怡臻,論中國視聽服務案爭端解決機構關於文化與貿易之裁決,經貿法訊第112期,政大商學院國際經貿組織暨法律研究中心,第18-22頁,2011年
17. 邱啓明,中華民國主權論述下的台灣電影政策與WTO談判問題探究,藝術學報,第70期,第91-102頁,2002年,doi:10.6793/jntca.200206.0091
18. 孫雯,WTO框架下文化產品貿易自由化與多樣性的衝突與協調—以中美出版物與視聽產品案為背景,南京大學法律評論,第344-355頁,2011年
19. 徐揮彥,從歐盟文化政策之發展與實踐 論文化權之保障:以文化多樣性為中心,歐美研究,第38卷,第4期 ,第671-751頁,2008年
20. 徐揮彥,聯合國教科文組織「保障及促進文化表現多樣性公約」對文化權及傳播權之影響:以2007年歐體視聽媒體服務指令為中心,新聞學研究,第98期,第93-137頁,2009年
21. 徐揮彥,聯合國教科文組織「保障及促進文化表現多樣性公約」與世界貿易組織規範之潛在衝突與調和,政大法學評論,第99期,第155-240頁,2007年10 月
22. 馬冉,TRIPS協定之文化思考—以文化多樣性為視角,現代法學,第37卷,第6期,第154-162頁,2015年11月
23. 馬冉,試析文化與貿易的衝突與協調,商丘師範學院學報,第2期,第76-80頁,2009年
24. 馬光,文化與貿易的較量:評析中美出版物市場準入案,慶熙法學, 第1期,第257-276頁,2011年
25. 張台麟,歐洲聯盟推動建構共同文化政策的發展與挑戰:兼論歐美自由貿易中「文化例外」之因素,歐洲語文學系國科會研究計畫,政大機構典藏,2005年
26. 張帆,文化貿易與文化認同,思想戰線,第3 期,第33 卷,第94-98頁,2007年
27. 張秀蓉,韓國文化法制化進程探究-以「文化基本法」為例,韓國學報,第33期,第111-138頁,2018年2月
28. 張桂红、鄭寰宇,文化與貿易:WTO體制下進口電影審查制度的法律分析,上海財經大學報,第2期,第32-39頁,2013年
29. 張毓欣、鄭琇霙,WTO 駁回中國對中美視聽服務案之上訴,經貿法訊,第 97 期,第4-8頁,2010年
30. 張蹇,UNESCO文化多樣性公约與WTO規則之衝突初探,紹興文理學院學報, 第30卷,第6期,第 49-54頁,2010年
31. 郭玉軍、李潔,論國際法中文化與貿易衝突的解决—以2005年UNESCO《保護和促進文化表現形式多樣性公約》,河北法學,第26卷,第6期,第46-50頁,2008年
32. 彭心儀,全球化與多元價值-論WTO公共道德例外條款,臺大法學論叢, 第36卷,第2期,第165-228頁,2007年,doi: 10.6199/ntulj.2007.36.02.05
33. 彭心儀,視聽服務貿易自由化下之文化政策爭議,國立臺灣大學法學論叢,第33卷第4期,第37-100頁 ,2004年7月
34. 黃曉燕,美國FTA戰略下視聽服務領域內的文化例外條款研究,法學研究,首都師範大學學報,第6期,第46-53頁, 2016年
35. 劉俊裕,「文化基本法」:一份學界參與文化立法的紀實與反思,國家與社會,第13期 , 第67-112頁,2013 年4月
36. 劉俊裕,「文化基本法」與臺灣常民文化生活:國家文化治理與文化權利的實踐,2013文化的軌跡:文化治理的能動與反動國際學術研討會論文集,第1-15頁,2013年10月
37. 劉俊裕,文化部文化影響評估政策先期規劃研究報告,台灣文化政策研究學會,2016年12月19日
38. 編輯委員會,「文化例外」與《文化多樣性公約》在中國:從十本年度報告說起,傳播、文化與政治,第2期,第179-205頁,2015年
39. 顏慧欣、李淳,論「文化創意產業發展法草案、與WTO規範的互動關係,經濟前瞻,第124期,第 26-32頁,2009年, doi: 10.30071/eob.200907.0006
40. 龔瑜,對外文化貿易的法律思考,科學社會主義,第3期,第90-93頁,2007年

學位論文

1. 李俞萱 ,文化多樣性與服務貿易自由化之互動關 係:以 WTO 架構之電影視聽服務為中心, 國立東華大學財經法律研究所碩士論文,2007年
2. 洪灝淩,兩岸服務貿易協議對台灣電影產業影響 -以文化例外出發討論,國立交通大學科技法律研究所碩士論文,2015年
3. 翁乃方,WTO架構下公共道德及公共秩序例外之探討: 共通適用準則之建立,國立臺灣大學法律學院法律系研究所碩士論文,2011年7月
4. 賴志倫,文化多樣性公約對於GATS視聽服務之影響,國立政治大學國際貿易研究所碩士論文,2006年
5. 陳怡婷,GATT一般例外條款於WTO入會議定書之適用可能性,國立交通大學科技法律研究所碩士學位論文,2013年
6. 彭德仁,WTO法制下的文化議題論證:一個以GATS公共道德例外條款與美國賭博案為參照的文化例外取徑,國立清華大學科技法律研究所碩士論文,2009年
7. 徐瑞,加拿大FTA文化例外條款研究,西南政法大學碩士論文,2015年

網路資料

1. 懷唐依條約本文與中譯,焦點事件,網址: http://www.eventsinfocus.org/issues/403 (最後瀏覽日: 2019年7月12日)
2. 王韻潔,USMCA因美國政府停擺、墨西哥勞工改革問題增添不穩定因素,中華經濟研究院(WTO及RTA中心) ,2019年1月24日,網址:
https://web.wtocenter.org.tw/Page.aspx?pid=318810&nid=510 (最後瀏覽日: 2019年7月12日)
3. 何友倫,《懷唐伊條約》是什麼,它跟紐西蘭毛利人的關係為何?,焦點事件,網址: http://www.eventsinfocus.org/issues/403 (最後瀏覽時間:2019年7月19日)
4. 劉俊裕,再談文化例外與少數文化權利:「台紐經濟合作協定」的意外收穫--重啟「兩岸服貿」與「台美貿易」談判高牆的關鍵缺口,2014年4月22日,網址: https://reurl.cc/lO2v6 (最後瀏覽時間:2019年7月19日)
5. 劉俊裕,為什麼一部這麼重要的國家「文化基本法」,會落得全國上下幾乎沒有民眾在關注, 也沒什麼人對它有所期待?,2013年12月7日,網址:
https://reurl.cc/NKx2m(最後瀏覽時間:2019年7月19日)
6. 劉育良、劉俊裕,中介組織翻轉文化治理。文化部,您真的準備好了嗎?,臺灣文化政策智庫中心,2017年4月1日,網址:https://reurl.cc/4MyrR(最後瀏覽日期:2019年 7月 16日)
7. 劉俊裕,對立法院審議《文化基本法》草案的二點呼籲,Artouch,2019年4月30日,網址:https://artouch.com/view/content-11157.html,(最後瀏覽時間:2019年7月16日)
8. 劉新圓,從日韓的文化(藝術)基本法看我國文化基本法草案的缺失,2018年1月14日,網址:https://www.chinatimes.com/opinion/20180114002624-262110?chdtv(最後瀏覽時間:2019年7月16日)
9. 廖凰玎,廖凰玎:政院要立下文化立法敗筆典範嗎,2018年3月31日,網址:https://reurl.cc/oEL4Q(最後瀏覽時間:2019年7月13日)
10. 何定照,立法院審文化基本法,藝文團體抗議要求納民間訴求,聯合報,2019年5月2日,網址:https://reurl.cc/6n2nZ (最後瀏覽時間:2019年7月13日)

英文文獻

專書

1. Bernier, I., Trade and Culture, The World Trade Organization: Legal, Economic and Political Analysis, Vol. II, New York, Springer (P.F.J. Macrory et al. eds.,2005)
2. Bossche; Von Den, Peter, The Law and Policy of the World Trade Organization (2005)
3. DixonI, Martin; McCorquodale, Robert, Cases and Materials on International Law (4th ed. 2003).
4. Graber, Christoph Beat, Audiovisual Media and the Law of the WTO in Free Trade Versus Cultural Diversity: WTO Negotiations in the Field of Audiovisual Services International Law 27 (Christoph Beat Graber et al. eds., 2004)
5. Jenks, Wilfred, Conflicts of Law-Making Treaties, 30 Britsh Yearbook of International Law (1953).
6. Jordan G.; Weedon, Chris., Cultural Politics (1995).
7. Marceau, Gabrielle, WTO Dispute Settlement and Human Rights, 13 Journal of International Law (2002).
8. Wolfram, Karl, Treaties, Conflicts Between, in Encyclopedia of Public International Law (R. Bernhardt ed., 1984)
9. Cowen, Tyler, Creative Destruction: How Globalization Is Changing the World`s Cultures (2002)
10. Shi, Jingxia, Free Trade and Cultural Diversity in International Law, Hart (2013)
11. Kono, Toshiyuki; Van Uytsel, Steven(eds), The UNESCO Convention for the
Promotion and Protection of Diversity of Cultural Expressions, Intersentia (2012)
12. Voon, Tania, Cultural Products and the World Trade Organization (Cambridge Studies in International and Comparative Law, Cambridge: Cambridge University
Press (2007)

期刊論文

1. A. Kish, Karsie, Protectionism to Promote Culture: South Korea and Japan, a Case Study, 22 U. PA. J. INT`L L. 153(2001)
2. A. Mangin, Elanor, Market Access in China - Publications and Audiovisual Materials: A Moral Victory with a Silver Lining, 25 BERKELEY TECH. L.J. 279(2010)
3. A. Pager, Sean, Beyond Culture vs. Commerce: Decentralizing Cultural Protection to Promote Diversity through Trade, 31 NW. J. INT`L L. & BUS. 63 (2011)
4. Acheson, Keith; Maule, Christopher, Canada — Audiovisual Policies: Impact on Trade, Hamburg Institute of International Economics (2003)
5. Akbar, Marvasti; Canterberry, E. Ray, 43(1) Cultural and Other Barriers to Motion Pictures Trade, Economic Inquiry 39 (2005)
6. Barreiro Carril, Beatriz, Article 20 of the UNESCO convention on cultural diversity: Its use for promoting respect for cultural diversity,6 WTO Law,Cuadernos De Derecho Transnacional 108 (2014)
7. Bartsch, Marlen, The Return of the Cultural Exception and its Impact on International Agreements, 4(1) Global Media Journal German Edition 1(2014)
8. Brooks, Eireann, Cultural Imperialism Vs. Cultural Protectionism: Hollywood`s Response to UNESCO Efforts to Promote Cultural Diversity, 5 J. INT`L BUS. & L. 112 (2006)
9. Broude, Tomer, Conflict and Complementarity in Trade, Cultural Diversity and Intellectual Property Rights, 2 Asian J. WTO & Int`l Health L & Pol`y 345 (2007)
10. Broude, Tomer, Taking Trade and Culture Seriously: Geographical Indications and Cultural Protection in WTO Law, 26 U. Pa. J. Int`l Econ. L. 623 (2005)
11. Bruner, Christopher M., Culture, Sovereignty, and Hollywood: UNESCO and the Future of Trade in Cultural Products, 40 N.Y.U. J. INT`L. & POL. 351 (2008)
12. Bruner, Christopher M., Culture, Sovereignty, and Hollywood: UNESCO and the Future of Trade in Cultural Products, 40 N.Y.U. J. INT`L & POL.351 (2008)
13. Burri-Nenova, Mira, Trade and Culture: Making the WTO Legal Framework Conducive to Cultural Considerations, 5 Manchester J. Int`l Econ. L. 2 (2008)
14. Burri, Mira, Cultural Diversity as a Concept of Global Law: Origins, Evolution and Prospects, 2 Diversity 2010. 1059 (2010)
15. Burri, Mira, Cultural protectionism 2.0: Updating cultural policy tools for the digital age, in Transnational Culture in The Internet Age, 182(2012)
16. Burri, Mira, Trade versus Culture in the Digital Environment: An Old Conflict in Need of a New Definition, 12(1) Journal of International Economic Law 17 (2009)
17. Burri, Mira, Trade versus Culture: The Policy of Cultural Exception and the World Trade Organization, Palgrave Handbook of European Media Policy 485 (Caroline Pauwels, Karen Donders, Jan Loisen, eds., Palgrave Macmillan 2013)
18. C., Kim, Building the korean film industry`s competitiveness: Abolish the screen quota and subsidize the film industry, 9(2) Pacific Rim Law Policy Journal 353(2000)
19. Cahn, Sandrine; Schimmel, Daniel, The Cultural Exception: Does It Exist in Gatt and Gats Frameworks - How Does It Affect or is It Affected by the Agreement on Trips, 15 Cardozo Arts & Ent. L.J. 281 (1997)
20. Carril, Beatriz Barreiro, Article 20 of the Unesco convention on cultural diversity: its use for promoting respect for cultural diversity in WTO Law (2013)
21. Chi Carmody, When Cultural Identity Was Not at Issue: Thinking about Canada - Certain Measures concerning Periodicals, 30 LAW & POL`Y INT`L BUS. 231 (1999)
22. Chiang, Edmund H., The UNESCO Convention on the Protection and Promotion of the Diversity of Cultural Expressions: A Look at the Convention and Its Potential Impact on the American Movie Industry, 6 Wash. U. Global Stud. L. Rev. 379 (2007)
23. Chiang, Edmund H., The UNESCO Convention on the Protection and Promotion of the Diversity of Cultural Expressions: A Look at the Convention and Its Potential Impact on the American Movie Industry, 6 WASH. U. GLOBAL STUD. L. REV. 379 (2007)
24. Cocq, Emmanuel; Messerlin, Patrick, French Audio-Visual Policy: Impact and Compatibility with Trade Negotiations’, Cultural Diversity and International
25. Cocq, Emmanuel; Messerlin, Patrick, The French Audiovisual Policy: Impact and Compatibility with Trade Negotiations, Report no.233, Hamburg Institute ofInternational Economics (2003)
26. Delacroix, Jacques; Bornon, Julien, Can Protectionism Ever Be Respectable? A Skeptic`s Case for the Cultural Exception, with Special Reference to French Movies, 6 The Independent Review 353(2005)
27. Doyle, Christopher, Gimme Shelter: The Necessary Element of GATT Article XX in the Context of the China-Audiovisual Products Case, 29 B.U. INT`L L.J. 143 (2011)
28. E. Footer, Mary; Beat Graber, Christoph, Trade Liberalisation and Cultural Policy, in 3 Joural of International Economic Law 115(2000)
29. E. Palka, Stanleigh, Canada`s Cultural Industries, the United States, and Trade Law: Tension, Conflict, and Possibilities, 10 WINDSOR REV. LEGAL & SOC. ISSUES 105 (2000)
30. Economic Integration: The Global Governance of The Audio-visual Sector 21 (P. Guerrieri, P.L. lapadre and G. Koopman eds. 2004)
31. Footer, Mary E.; Graber, Christoph Beat, Trade Liberalisation and Cultural Policy, 3(1) Journal of International Economic Law115 (2000)
32. Freedman, Des, Cultural policy‐making in the free trade era: an evaluation of the impact of current world trade organisation negotiations on audio‐visual industries, 9(3) International Journal of Cultural Policy 285 (2003)
33. Gagné, Gilbert, Free Trade and Cultural Policies: Evidence from the U.S.-Korea Free Trade Agreement (2012)
34. Gathii, James, Exporting Culture Wars, 13 U. C. Davis J. Int`l L. & Pol`y 67 (2006)
35. Gordon, Michael Wallace, Hamburgers Abroad: Cultural Variations Affecting Franchising Abroad, 9 CONN. J. INT`L L.165 (1994)
36. Grab, Heather, Free Trade and Cultural Industry: Finding a Way to Sleep in the Same Bed, 45 ALTA. L. REV. 421(2007)
37. Graber, Christoph Beat, The New UNESCO Convention on Cultural Diversity: A Counter balance to the WTO, 9 Journal of International Economic Law 553 (2006)
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GATT/WTO判決案例

1. European Communities - Measures Affecting Asbestos and Asbestos-Containing Products, Appellate Body Report, WT/DS135/AB/R, adopted 5 April 2001, DSR 2001:VII, 3243
2. China- Audiovisual Services, WTO Appellate Body Report, WT/DS363/AB/R, adopted on 19 January 2010
3. United States -Customs Bond Directive for Merchandise Subject to Anti-dumping/Countervailing Duties (US- Customs Bond Directive), WTO Appellate Body Report, WTO Doc. WT/DS345/AB/R, adopted 1 August 2008
4. United States - Measures Affecting the Cross-Border Supply of Gambling and Betting Services, Panel Report, United States - Measures Affecting the Cross-Border Supply of Gambling and Betting Services, WT/DS285/R, adopted 20 April 2005, as modified by Appellate Body Report, WT/DS285/AB/R, DSR 2005:XII, 5797, Appellate Body Report, United States - Measures Affecting the Cross-Border Supply of Gambling and Betting Services, WT/DS285/AB/R, adopted 20 April 2005, DSR 2005:XII, 5663, and Corr.1
5. China- Measures Affecting Trading Rights and Distribution Services for Certain Publications and Audiovisual Entertainment Products (China- Audiovisual Services),, Panel Report,WT/DS363/R, appealed on 22 September 2009, WT/DS363; WTO Appellate Body Report, China- Audiovisual Services, WT/DS363/AB/R, adopted on 19 January 2010, WT/DS363/AB/R.
6. Japan-Measures on Imports of Leather, Panel Report, L/5623 - 31S/94, adopted 15 May 1984
7. Korea-Measures Affecting Imports of Fresh, Chilled and Frozen Beef, Panel Report, WT/DS161/R, WT/DS169/R, adopted 10 January 2001, as modified by Appellate Body Report WT/DS161/AB/R, WT/DS169/AB/R, DSR 2001:I, 59
8. Korea - Measures Affecting Imports of Fresh, Chilled and Frozen Beef, Appellate Body Report, WT/DS161/AB/R, WT/DS169/AB/R, adopted 10 January 2001, DSR 2001:I, 5
9. China - Measures Affecting Trading Rights and Distribution Services for Certain Publications and Audiovisual Entertainment Products, Status Report, WT/DS363/17/Add.15,13 April 2012
10. China - Measures Affecting Trading Rights and Distribution Services for Certain Publications and Audiovisual Entertainment Products, Joint Communication from China and the United States, WT/DS363/19, 11 May 2012

網路資料

1. Riyaz Dattu, Gajan Sathananthan, CPTPP: TPP parties proceed without the United States, Feburary 12, 2018,
https://www.osler.com/en/resources/cross-border/2018/cptpp-tpp-parties-proceed-without-the-united-states (last visited July. 7, 2019)
2. Government of Canada, What does the CPTPP mean for Canadian culture?, January 28, 2018,https://international.gc.ca/trade-commerce/trade-agreements-accords-commerciaux/agr-acc/cptpp-ptpgp/sectors-secteurs/culture.aspx?lang=eng (last visited July. 7, 2019)
zh_TW
dc.identifier.doi (DOI) 10.6814/NCCU201900821en_US