Publications-Theses
Article View/Open
Publication Export
-
題名 區塊鏈技術於電子簽章法之相容性研究
Research on the Compatibility of Blockchain Technology in Electronic Signature Law作者 翁杰廷
Weng, Chieh-Ting貢獻者 臧正運
Tzang, Jeng-Yun
翁杰廷
Weng, Chieh-Ting關鍵詞 區塊鏈
電子簽章法
公開金鑰加密演算法
憑證機構
時間戳日期 2019 上傳時間 5-Sep-2019 16:31:21 (UTC+8) 摘要 2000年互聯網的興起讓商業關係進入數位化時代,電子簽章法的制定賦予數位環境中使用數位方法進行商業法律關係之基礎依據,使得電子商務關係得以開展;2016年區塊鏈技術的去中心化設計翻轉以中心化管理模式為主的當代思維,但能否成功發展並落地商轉仍須先釐清其是否符合現行電子簽章法所承認之數位方法而有法律上之效力,建立在此基礎所開展之法律關係方有法源依據。國際電子簽章法採技術中立原則,彈性的架構是為因應資訊科技日異月新的特性,而區塊鏈與現行電子簽章技術有所重疊,因此本文從檢視區塊鏈技術出發,並以兩者使用的共同技術-公開金鑰加密演算法作為主軸,探討美國和歐盟的電子簽章法規範下之電子簽章定義、中心憑證機構運作模式與責任規範、時間戳等三個核心概念,以探討區塊鏈技術是否相容於現行電子簽章法下之規範模式,並提出相關修法建議,以盡速釐清區塊鏈技術於法律上效力之爭議,以利日後金融科技之發展。 參考文獻 參考文獻一、中文資料(一)專書1.邱聰智,新訂民法債編通則(上),一版,2000年。2.陳祥輝,TCP/IP網路通訊協定,博碩文化出版社,二版,2011年12月。3.駱建功、吳大智、周師文、呂有勇,數位貨幣與區塊鏈,一版,駱建功出版社,2017年9月。4.李淑明,債法各論,八版,元照出版社,2017年1月。5.王聖雯,ICO市場的法律問題與監管研究,一版,元照出版社,2018年9月。(二)期刊文章1.王澤鑑,德國最高法院民事判利研究(二),國立臺灣大學法學論叢,第2卷第1期,1972年,頁237。2.林誠二,契約之成立約推定成立,月旦法學教室,第82期,2009年8月,頁10。3.黃心怡,英美侵權行為概論,月旦法學雜誌,第189期,2011年 2月,頁154。4.葉啟洲,純粹經濟上損失在台灣侵權行為法上的保護-以最高法院相關裁判為中心,月旦法學雜誌,第241期,2015年6月,頁49。5.麥肯錫大中華諮詢業務,區塊鏈—銀行業遊戲規則的顛覆者,2016年5月,頁10。6.張冠群,自金融監理原則與金融消費者保護觀點論金融科技監理沙盒制度──兼評行政院版「金融科技創新實驗條例草案」,月旦法學教室,第266期,2017年,頁5-6。7.彭金隆、臧正運,我國金融科技創新實驗落地機制之檢視與構,月旦法學教室,第266期,2017年7月,頁49。8.杜宏毅,如何建置一個實用的區塊鏈平台,財金資訊季刊,第90期,2017年10月,頁45。9.陳恭,智能合約的發展與應用,財金資訊季刊第90期,2017年10月,頁33。10.臧正運、曾宛如、方嘉麟,從區塊鏈融資論眾募規範趨勢,月旦法學雜誌,第273期,2018年2月,頁89。(三)學位論文1.邱琦,純粹經濟上損失之研究,台灣大學法律研究所碩士班論文,2002年,頁108。2.李昊,論英美侵權法中過失引起的純經濟上損失的賠償規則,比較法研究,第5期,2005年9月,頁64。3.朱帥俊,刑事證據法則對於電子證據適用之研究,交通大學管理學院碩士在職專班科技法律組,2007年,頁162。4.侯乃真,金融科技創新監理之新途徑-以監理沙盒為中心,台灣大學法律學研究所碩士班論文,2017年,頁58。(四)網際網路1.張健,揭秘比特幣和區塊鏈:什麼是區塊鏈?,參考網址:https://read01.com/zh-tw/a00e7m.html#.Wrny-cOuzIV (最後瀏覽日:2019年7月1日)2.許明恩,礦工失業倒數:以太坊轉型權益證明機制,參考網址:https://reurl.cc/pDdA8 (最後瀏覽日:2019年7月1日)3.王妍文,當供應鏈金融遇上區塊鏈,誰能吃下新商機?,參考網址:http://www.ftrc.nccu.edu.tw/wordpresseng/?p=3439 (最後瀏覽日:2019年7月1日)4.黃嶠濛,區塊鏈+供應鏈金融:旨在打造供應鏈金融資產的交易所,參考網址:https://zhuanlan.zhihu.com/p/31216243 (最後瀏覽日:2019年7月1日)5.林建甫,供應鏈金融 促進新南向金融版圖擴張,參考網址:https://m.ctee.com.tw/album/4c8c65b0-5bd2-4ec7-8a6c-9447a11812bc/828080 (最後瀏覽日:2019年7月1日)6.余至浩,【臺灣區塊鏈應用實例】克服音樂版權難題第一步,靠區塊鏈解決授權分散痛點,參考網址:https://www.ithome.com.tw/news/119249 (最後瀏覽日:2019年7月1日)7.章忠信,著作利用與授權之疑義解析,參考網址:http://www.copyrightnote.org/ArticleContent.aspx?ID=9&aid=2540 (最後瀏覽日:2019年7月1日)8.胡一天,數位身分與區塊鏈記憶體,參考網址:http://www.storm.mg/article/116734 (最後瀏覽日:2019年7月1日)9.翁書婷,我們要呼籲慈濟用區塊鏈處理大眾的捐款嗎?,參考網址:https://www.bnext.com.tw/article/44124/should-tzuchi-start-to-consider-adopting-blockchain-technology-for-the-transparency-of-the-charity-donation (最後瀏覽日:2019年7月1日)10.翁書婷,台灣需要什麼樣的FinTech加速器?也許可以參考新加坡,參考網址:https://www.bnext.com.tw/article/39160/BN-2016-04-08-183106-40 (最後瀏覽日:2019年7月1日)11.臧正運,臧正運觀點:形塑全球金融科技監理標準的關鍵語彙,風傳媒,參考網址:http://www.storm.mg/article/165779 (最後瀏覽日:2019年7月1日)12.Terry Chen,台灣網路編年史(一):1968年至2008年,參考網址:http://tesa.today/article/700 (最後瀏覽日:2019年7月1日)13.楊中皇、葉志青、蘇聖雄、張家瀚,時戳服務,資通安全政策分析專論,財團法人國家實驗研究院科技政策研究與資訊中心,參考網址:http://security.nknu.edu.tw/psnl/publications/2007/10_CHANG,KU- HAN/%AC%E3%A8s%A5%CD%A4w%B5o%AA%ED%A4%CE%A4w%B1%B5%A8% FC%A4%A7%A4%E5%B3%B9.pdf (最後瀏覽日:2019年7月1日)14.IThome,2018企業資安調查,參考網址:https://www.ithome.com.tw/article/122191 (最後瀏覽日:2019年7月1日)15.金融監督管理委員會銀行局,關於金融資產證券化,參考網址:https://www.banking.gov.tw/ch/home.jsp?id=116&parentpath=0,8,115 (最後瀏覽日:2019年7月1日)16.金融監督管理委員會,關於不動產證券化,參考網址:https://www.banking.gov.tw/ch/home.jsp?id=279&parentpath=0,8,119&mcustomize=onemessages_view.jsp&dataserno=21786&aplistdn=ou=data,ou=business,ou=one,ou=chinese,ou=ap_root,o=fsc,c=tw&dtable=Business (最後瀏覽日:2019年7月1日)17.中華民國信託業商業公會,不動產證券化,參考網址:http://www.trust.org.tw/content/index.asp?pno=187 (最後瀏覽日:2019年7月1日)18.中華民國證券投資信託暨顧問商業同業公會,國際動態,參考網址:https://members.sitca.org.tw/OPF/K0000/files/CWeb/9804國際動態.pdf (最後瀏覽日:2019年7月1日)19.經濟部標準檢驗局,ISO 28000供應鏈安全管理系統標準簡介,參考網址:www.bsmi.gov.tw/wSite/public/Data/f1388125037366.pdf (最後瀏覽日:2019年7月1日)20.經濟部智慧財產局,著作權基本概念篇,參考網址:https://www.tipo.gov.tw/ct.asp?xItem=219595&ctNode=7561&mp=1 (最後瀏覽日:2019年7月1日)21.行政院函請審議「電子簽章法」草案文書,參考網址:https://lis.ly.gov.tw/lgcgi/lgmeetimage?cfcbcfcdcecbcfcfc5cac8c8d2cac7c7 (最後瀏覽日:2019年7月1日)22.中華人民共和國工業和信息化部,七部門關於防範代幣發行融資風險的公告,參考網址:http://www.miit.gov.cn/n1146290/n4388791/c5781140/content.html (最後瀏覽日:2019年7月1日)23.中國最高人民法院,《最高人民法院關於互聯網法院審理案件若干問題的規定》的理解與適用,參考網址:https://www.chinacourt.org/article/detail/2018/09/id/3489797.shtml (最後瀏覽日:2019年7月1日)24.騰訊研究院,區塊鏈在徵信業應用的探討:優勢與特點及場景分析,參考網址:https://read01.com/nNQ2Qn.html#.WsGcGi6uzIV (最後瀏覽日:2019年7月1日)二、外文資料(一)期刊文章1.Patricia Brumfield Fry, Introduction to the Uniform Electronic Transactions Act: Principles, Policies and Provisions, 37 Idaho L.Rev. 237, 249-50(2001).2.Rebecca M. Bratspiess, Regulatory Trust, 51 ARIZONA L. REV. 575, 576-575 (2009).3.Vincent R. Johnson,The boundary-line function of the economic loss rule, 66 Wash. & Lee L. Rev. 523, 524 (2009).4.George Cornell ,The evidentiary value of automatically transcribed voicemail messages, 17 Journal of Science & Technology Law 259,276-278(2011).5.Stephanie Curry , Washington’s electronic signature act: An anachronism in the new millennium ,88 Wash.L.Rev 559, 560-561(2013).6.Susan Cohen, What Do Accelerators Do?Insights from Incubators and Angels,8 Innovations19, 19-21(2014).7.Lawrence G. Baxter, Adaptive Financial Regulation and RegTech: A Concept Article on Realistic Protection for Victims of Bank Failures, 66 Duke Law Journal 567, 598-600 (2016).(二)學位論文1.Satoshi Nakamoto,Bitcoin: A Peer-to-Peer Electronic Cash System (2008).2.Douglas W. Arner &Jànos Barberis & Ross P. Buckley, FinTech, RegTech and the Reconceptualization of Financial Regulation(2016).3.Zetzsche, Dirk A. and Buckley, Ross P. and Arner, Douglas W., The Distributed Liability of Distributed Ledgers: Legal Risks of Blockchain (2017).4.Stéphane Blemus, Law and Blockchain:a legal perspective on current regulatory trends worldwide (2018).5.Ranchordas, Sofia and Klop, Abram, Data-Driven Regulation and Governance in Smart Cities (2018).6.Marco Dell’Erba, Demystifying technology. Do smart contracts require a new legal framework? Regulatory fragmentation, self-regulation,public regulation (2018).(三)網際網路1.Weusecoins, Delegated Proof-of-Stake Consensus, available at:https://www.weusecoins.com/assets/pdf/library/Delegated%20Proof-of-Stake%20Consensus.pdf (Last visited on 2019/7/1)2.Miguel Castro & Barbara Liskov, Practical Byzantine Fault Tolerance, MIT`s Computer Science Lab, available at:http://pmg.csail.mit.edu/papers/osdi99.pdf (Last visited on 2019/7/1)3.Neha Narula,Willy Vasquez,Madars Virza(2018),zkLedger: Privacy-Preserving Auditing for Distributed Ledgers, available at:https://static1.squarespace.com/static/59aae5e9a803bb10bedeb03e/t/5aa1b35ce4966bd538d3f1d2/1520546653653/zkledger.pdf (Last visited on 2019/7/1)4.Internal Revenue Service, Notice 2014-21(March 21, 2014), available at:https://www.irs.gov/pub/irs-drop/n-14-21.pdf (Last visited on 2019/7/1)5.U.S Commodity Futures Trading Commission, Customer Advisory: Understand the Risks of Virtual Currency Trading(December 15, 2017), available at:https://www.cftc.gov/sites/default/files/idc/groups/public/@customerprotection/documents/file/customeradvisory_urvct121517.pdf (Last visited on 2019/7/1)6.Accenture, Global Fintech Financing, available at:https://newsroom.accenture.com/news/global-fintech-investments-surged-in-2018-with-investments-in-china-taking-the-lead-accenture-analysis-finds-uk-gains-sharply-despite-brexit-doubts.htm (Last visited on 2019/7/1)7.Vitalik Buterin, A Proof of Stake Design Philosophy, available at:https://medium.com/@VitalikButerin/a-proof-of-stake-design-philosophy-506585978d51 (Last visited on 2019/7/1)8.Zcash, What are zk-SNARKs?, available at:https://z.cash/technology/zksnarks/ (Last visited on 2019/7/1)9.Nolan Bauerle, What is the Difference Between Public and Permissioned Blockchains?, available at:https://www.coindesk.com/information/what-is-the-difference-between-open-and-permissioned-blockchains (Last visited on 2019/7/1)10.Dan Hyde, Half a million missing out on flight delay compensation, available at:https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/shopping-and-consumer-news/11790143/Half-a-million-missing-out-on-flight-delay-compensation.html (Last visited on 2019/7/1)11.Christopher Allen, The Path to Self-Sovereign Identity, available at:https://www.coindesk.com/path-self-sovereign-identity/ (Last visited on 2019/7/1)12.Jimi S., Blockchain: how a 51% attack works (double spend attack), available at:https://medium.com/coinmonks/what-is-a-51-attack-or-double-spend-attack-aa108db63474 (Last visited on 2019/7/1)13.Coinnounce, 15 insights on how Ethereum conducted its ICO in 2014, available at:https://coinnounce.com/ethereum-ico-2014/ (Last visited on 2019/7/1)14.US Department of the Treasury, Guidance on the Application of FinCEN’s Regulations to Persons Administering, Exchanging or Using Virtual Currencies(March 18, 2013), available at:https://www.fincen.gov/resources/statutes-regulations/guidance/application-fincens-regulations-persons-administering (Last visited on 2019/7/1)15.FinCEN, FinCEN Penalizes Peer-to-Peer Virtual Currency Exchanger for Violations of Anti-Money Laundering Laws(April 18, 2019), available at:https://www.fincen.gov/news/news-releases/fincen-penalizes-peer-peer-virtual-currency-exchanger-violations-anti-money (Last visited on 2019/7/1)16.The Guardian, Bitcoin to be treated as property instead of currency by IRS, available at:https://www.theguardian.com/technology/2014/mar/25/bitcoin-property-currency-irs-rules (Last visited on 2019/7/1)17.U.S Commodity Futures Trading Commission, In the Matter of Coinflip, Incd/b/a Derivabit and Francisco Riordan, CFTC Docket No. 15-29 (September 17, 2015), available at: https://www.cftc.gov/PressRoom/PressReleases/pr7231-15 (Last visited on 2019/7/1)18.U.S Commodity, Futures Trading Commission Federal Court Finds that Virtual Currencies Are Commodities, available at:https://www.cftc.gov/PressRoom/PressReleases/7820-18 (Last visited on 2019/7/1)19.Securities and Exchange Commission, Report of Investigation under 21(a)of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934: The DAO(25 July 2017), available at:https://www.sec.gov/litigation/investreport/34-81207.pdf (Last visited on 2019/7/1)20.Esther Kim, Wyoming becomes first to give Bitcoin owners full property rights, available at:https://bitcoinist.com/wyoming-bitcoin-full-property-rights/ (Last visited on 2019/7/1)21.European Bank Authority, Virtual currency schemes–a further analysis (2015), available at:https://www.ecb.europa.eu/pub/pdf/other/virtualcurrencyschemes201210en.pdf (Last visited on 2019/7/1)22.European Bank Authority, EBA Opinion on ‘virtual currencies(4 July 2014), available at:https://eba.europa.eu/documents/10180/657547/EBA-Op-2014-08+ Opinion+on +Virtual+ Currencies.pdf (Last visited on 2019/7/1)23.European Bank Authority, Opinion of the European Banking Authority on the EU Commission’s proposal to bring Virtual Currencies into the scope of Directive (EU) 2015/849, available at:https://eba.europa.eu/documents/10180/1547217/EBA+Opinion+on+the+Commission%E2%80%99s+proposal+to+bring+virtual+currency+entities+into+the+scope+of+4AMLD (Last visited on 2019/7/1)24.ESMA, EBA and EIOPA , ESMA, EBA and EIOPA warn consumers on the risks of Virtual Currencies, available at:https://eba.europa.eu/documents/10180/2139750/Joint+ESAs+Warning+on+Virtual+Currencies.pdf (Last visited on 2019/7/1)25.Kevin Helms , Bitcoin Transactions Declared VAT-Exempt in Norway, available at:https://news.bitcoin.com/bitcoin-transactions-declared-vat-exempt-in-norway/ (Last visited on 2019/7/1)26.Nikhilesh De, Germany Won`t Tax You for Buying Coffee With Bitcoin, available at:https://www.coindesk.com/germany-considers-crypto-legal-equivalent-to-fiat-for-tax-purposes/ (Last visited on 2019/7/1)27.European Securities and Market Authority, ESMA alerts firms involved in Initial Coin Offerings (ICOs) to the need to meet relevant regulatory requirements (November 13, 2017), available at:https://www.esma.europa.eu/sites/default/files/library/esma50-157-828_ico_statement_firms.pdf (Last visited on 2019/7/1)28.European Securities and Market Authority, ESMA`s Advice On Initial Coin Offering And Crypto-Assets, available at:https://www.esma.europa.eu/sites/default/files/library/esma50-157-1391_crypto_advice.pdf (Last visited on 2019/7/1)29.R. Viola and O. Guersent, European Commission sets up an internal Task Force on Financial Technology, available at:https://ec.europa.eu/digital-single-market/en/blog/european-commission-sets-internal-task-force-financial-technology(Last visited on 2019/7/1)30.European Parliament, “Answer given by Vice-President Ansip on behalf of the Commission”, Parliamentary questions(2017), available at:http://www.europarl.europa.eu/doceo/document/E-8-2016-009012-ASW_EN.html (Last visited on 2019/7/1)31.European Parliament resolution of 3 October 2018 on distributed ledger technologies and blockchains: building trust with disintermediation, available at:http://www.europarl.europa.eu/sides/getDoc.do?type=TA&reference=P8-TA-2018-0373&language=EN&ring=B8-2018-0397 (Last visited on 2019/7/1)32.European Parliament resolution of 3 October 2018 on distributed ledger technologies and blockchains: building trust with disintermediation (2017/2772(RSP)), available at:http://www.europarl.europa.eu/sides/getDoc.do?type=TA&reference=P8-TA-2018-0373&language=EN&ring=B8-2018-0397 (Last visited on 2019/7/1)33.A Framework for Global Electronic Commerce Executive Summary, available at:https://clintonwhitehouse4.archives.gov/WH/New/Commerce/summary.html (Last visited on 2019/7/1)34.Financial Conduct Authority, Regulatory sandbox (2015), available at:https://www.fca.org.uk/publication/research/regulatory-sandbox.pdf (Last visited on 2019/7/1)35.Office of the Comptroller of the Currency, Supporting Responsible Innovation in the Federal Banking System:An OCC Perspective, available at:http://consumerbankers.com/sites/default/files/OCC%20whitepaper%20fin%20inno%282%29.pdf (Last visited on 2019/7/1)36.IIF, RegTech in Financial Services:Technology Solutions for Compliance and Reporting(2016), available at:https://www.iif.com/Portals/0/Files/private/iif-regtech_in_financial_services_-_solutions_for_compliance_and_reporting.pdf?ver=2019-01-04-142943-690 (Last visited on 2019/7/1)37.Accenture, REGTECH FOR REGULATORS(2018), available at: https://www.worldgovernmentsummit.org/api/publications/document?id=5ccf8ac4-e97c-6578-b2f8-ff0000a7ddb6 (Last visited on 2019/7/1)38.Yu An, Yu Zhang and Bo Zeng ,The Reliable Hub-and-spoke Design Problem: Models and Algorithms(2011), available at:http://www.optimization-online.org/DB_FILE/2011/05/3043.pdf (Last visited on 2019/7/1)39.Andrew G Haldane, Rethinking the financial network(2009), BIS Review, available at:https://www.bis.org/review/r090505e.pdf (Last visited on 2019/7/1)40.U.S. Commodity Futures Trading Commission ,An Assessment of the Current Implementation of Reform and Proposals for Next Steps, available at:https://www.cftc.gov/sites/default/files/2018-04/oce_chairman_swapregversion2whitepaper_042618.pdf (Last visited on 2019/7/1)41.Josh Stark, Applications of Distributed Ledger Technology to Regulatory &Compliance Processes(2018), available at:https://www.r3.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/04/Reg_Compliance_R3.pdf (Last visited on 2019/7/1)42.FinTech Innovation Lab New York,Former New York regulatory chief Maria Vyllo joins FinTech Innovation Lab New York, available at:https://www.finextra.com/pressarticle/78032/former-new-york-regulatory-chief-maria-vyllo-joins-fintech-innovation-lab-new-york (Last visited on 2019/7/1)43.Financial Conduct Authority, Eligibility for Innovation Hub, available at:https://www.fca.org.uk/firms/project-innovate-innovation-hub/eligibility (Last visited on 2019/7/1)44.Financial Conduct Authority, Innovate events, available at:https://www.fca.org.uk/firms/innovate-innovation-hub/events (Last visited on 2019/7/1)45.Stone&Chalk, Stone&Chalk programs, available at:https://www.stoneandchalk.com.au/programs (Last visited on 2019/7/1)46.Global Partnership for Financial Inclusion ,G20 High-Level Principles for Digital Financial Inclusion, available at:http://www.g20.utoronto.ca/2016/high-level-principles-for-digital-financial-inclusion.pdf (Last visited on 2019/7/1)47.Summary of Bills Pertaining to Electronic Signatures and Authentication in the 106th Congress, available at:http://techlawjournal.com/cong106/digsig/Default.htm (Last visited on 2019/7/1)48.European initiative on electronic commerce, available at: https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/?uri=LEGISSUM%3Al32101 (Last visited on 2019/7/1)49.Amended proposal for a European Parliament and Council Directive on a common framework for electronic signatures, available at: http://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/?qid=1523186153809&uri=CELEX:51999PC0195 (Last visited on 2019/7/1)50.Adobe(2016), Compliance with European electronic signatures legislation, available at:https://acrobat.adobe.com/content/dam/doc-cloud/en/pdfs/adobe-sign-eidas-compliance-uk.pdf (Last visited on 2019/7/1)51.eSignature in the EU, available at:http://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/?uri=LEGISSUM:l24118 (Last visited on 2019/7/1)52.Adam Thierer, 15 Years On, President Clinton`s 5 Principles for Internet Policy Remain the Perfect Paradigm, available at: https://www.forbes.com/sites/adamthierer/2012/02/12/15-years-on-president-clintons-5-principles-for-internet-policy-remain-the-perfect-paradigm/#69bebc471703 (Last visited on 2019/7/1)53.C. W. Von Bergen, Martin S. Bressler, Never Underestimate the Power of a Backhoe:Integrating Single Points of Failure into Strategic Planning (2014), available at:http://homepages.se.edu/cvonbergen/files/2015/03/Never-Estimate-the-Power-of-a-Backhoe_Integrating-Single-Points-of-Failure-into-Strategic-Planning.pdf (Last visited on 2019/7/1)54.R3 and Norton Rose,Can smart contracts be legally binding contracts?, available at:http://www.nortonrosefulbright.com/files/r3-and-norton-rose-fulbright-white-paper-full-report-144581.pdf (Last visited on 2019/7/1)55.JP Buntinx, What is Blockstream, available at:https://themerkle.com/what-is-blockstream/ (Last visited on 2019/7/1)56.Klara Palmberg, Complex adaptive systems Properties and approaches (2009), available at:http://www.mementor.se/wp-content/palmberg-complex-adaptive-systems-research-report.pdf (Last visited on 2019/7/1)57.Gareth W. Peters, Efstathios Panayi.(2015),Understanding Modern Banking Ledgers through BlockchainTechnologies: Future of Transaction Processing and SmartContracts on the Internet of Money (2015), available at:https://arxiv.org/pdf/1511.05740.pdf (Last visited on 2019/7/1)58.illinois transportation trade association v. city of chicago thetimes, No. 16-2009 (7th Cir. 2016), available at:http://media.ca7.uscourts.gov/cgi-bin/rssExec.pl?Submit=Display&Path=Y2016%2FD10-07%2FC%3A16-2009%3AJ%3APosner%3Aaut%3AT%3AfnOp%3AN%3A1842508%3AS%3A0 (Last visited on 2019/7/1) 描述 碩士
國立政治大學
法律科際整合研究所
103652007資料來源 http://thesis.lib.nccu.edu.tw/record/#G1036520071 資料類型 thesis dc.contributor.advisor 臧正運 zh_TW dc.contributor.advisor Tzang, Jeng-Yun en_US dc.contributor.author (Authors) 翁杰廷 zh_TW dc.contributor.author (Authors) Weng, Chieh-Ting en_US dc.creator (作者) 翁杰廷 zh_TW dc.creator (作者) Weng, Chieh-Ting en_US dc.date (日期) 2019 en_US dc.date.accessioned 5-Sep-2019 16:31:21 (UTC+8) - dc.date.available 5-Sep-2019 16:31:21 (UTC+8) - dc.date.issued (上傳時間) 5-Sep-2019 16:31:21 (UTC+8) - dc.identifier (Other Identifiers) G1036520071 en_US dc.identifier.uri (URI) http://nccur.lib.nccu.edu.tw/handle/140.119/125695 - dc.description (描述) 碩士 zh_TW dc.description (描述) 國立政治大學 zh_TW dc.description (描述) 法律科際整合研究所 zh_TW dc.description (描述) 103652007 zh_TW dc.description.abstract (摘要) 2000年互聯網的興起讓商業關係進入數位化時代,電子簽章法的制定賦予數位環境中使用數位方法進行商業法律關係之基礎依據,使得電子商務關係得以開展;2016年區塊鏈技術的去中心化設計翻轉以中心化管理模式為主的當代思維,但能否成功發展並落地商轉仍須先釐清其是否符合現行電子簽章法所承認之數位方法而有法律上之效力,建立在此基礎所開展之法律關係方有法源依據。國際電子簽章法採技術中立原則,彈性的架構是為因應資訊科技日異月新的特性,而區塊鏈與現行電子簽章技術有所重疊,因此本文從檢視區塊鏈技術出發,並以兩者使用的共同技術-公開金鑰加密演算法作為主軸,探討美國和歐盟的電子簽章法規範下之電子簽章定義、中心憑證機構運作模式與責任規範、時間戳等三個核心概念,以探討區塊鏈技術是否相容於現行電子簽章法下之規範模式,並提出相關修法建議,以盡速釐清區塊鏈技術於法律上效力之爭議,以利日後金融科技之發展。 zh_TW dc.description.tableofcontents 目錄摘要 1目錄 2圖目錄 5表目錄 5第一章 緒論 6第一節 研究動機 6第二節 研究目的 7第三節 研究範圍 8第四節 研究方法 8第五節 預期結果 8第二章 區塊鏈及其技術來源 9第一節 區塊鏈之起源-比特幣之應用 9第二節 區塊鏈之運作原理 11第一項 區塊鏈之區塊 11第二項 區塊鏈之技術 13第三節 區塊鏈之類型 20第一項 開放式區塊鏈(Permissionlesss Blockchain) 20第二項 認許制區塊鏈(Permissioned Blockchain) 20第四節 區塊鏈之主要應用 21第一項 金融領域應用 21第二項 供應鏈領域應用 25第三項 數位版權領域應用 27第四項 身分識別領域應用 28第五項 教育領域應用 29第六項 慈善領域應用 30第三章 區塊鏈應用之監理 32第一節 區塊鏈應用所生之風險 32第二節 區塊鏈應用之國際監管趨勢 35第三節 區塊鏈應用應有之監理思維 49第一項 監理中心思維-差異化監理 50第二項 金融科技監理議題之分析框架 54第四節 區塊鏈監理建議 67第四章 區塊鏈與現行電子簽章法之相容性檢視 71第一節 美國電子交易法UETA介紹 73第一項 立法歷程 73第二項 UETA立法目的及立法原則 75第三項 UETA立法規範 76第二節 歐盟電子身分認證與信賴服務規章eIDAS介紹 85第一項 立法歷程 85第二項 立法目的及立法原則 87第三項 電子簽章立法規範 88第三節 區塊鏈技術與國際電子簽章法之相容性 94第一項 區塊鏈簽章與電子簽章定義 94第二項 中心化憑證機構之主體責任與區塊鏈分散式節點責任 98第三項 數位簽章時間戳與區塊鏈時間戳之法律效力 122第五章 區塊鏈與台灣電子簽章法之相容性 133第一節 台灣電子簽章法立法背景 133第二節 台灣電子簽章法立法原則 133第三節 區塊鏈簽名與現行法相容性 134第四節 區塊鏈分散式節點責任與現行法相容性 135第五節 數位簽章時間戳之規範漏洞與區塊鏈時間戳之規範架構 138第六節 電子簽章法修改建議 139第六章 結論 144參考文獻 150圖目錄圖1:區塊鏈之區塊結構 12圖2:Merkle Tree資料結構示意圖 19圖3:Bitcoin中的Merkle Tree資料結構示意圖 19圖4:OSI七層模型示意圖 55圖5:憑證機構運作示意圖 78圖6:輻射式網絡 103圖7:區塊鏈分散式網絡 104表目錄表格1:孵化器和加速器比較 63表格2:電子簽章和區塊鏈比較 130 zh_TW dc.format.extent 2779591 bytes - dc.format.mimetype application/pdf - dc.source.uri (資料來源) http://thesis.lib.nccu.edu.tw/record/#G1036520071 en_US dc.subject (關鍵詞) 區塊鏈 zh_TW dc.subject (關鍵詞) 電子簽章法 zh_TW dc.subject (關鍵詞) 公開金鑰加密演算法 zh_TW dc.subject (關鍵詞) 憑證機構 zh_TW dc.subject (關鍵詞) 時間戳 zh_TW dc.title (題名) 區塊鏈技術於電子簽章法之相容性研究 zh_TW dc.title (題名) Research on the Compatibility of Blockchain Technology in Electronic Signature Law en_US dc.type (資料類型) thesis en_US dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 參考文獻一、中文資料(一)專書1.邱聰智,新訂民法債編通則(上),一版,2000年。2.陳祥輝,TCP/IP網路通訊協定,博碩文化出版社,二版,2011年12月。3.駱建功、吳大智、周師文、呂有勇,數位貨幣與區塊鏈,一版,駱建功出版社,2017年9月。4.李淑明,債法各論,八版,元照出版社,2017年1月。5.王聖雯,ICO市場的法律問題與監管研究,一版,元照出版社,2018年9月。(二)期刊文章1.王澤鑑,德國最高法院民事判利研究(二),國立臺灣大學法學論叢,第2卷第1期,1972年,頁237。2.林誠二,契約之成立約推定成立,月旦法學教室,第82期,2009年8月,頁10。3.黃心怡,英美侵權行為概論,月旦法學雜誌,第189期,2011年 2月,頁154。4.葉啟洲,純粹經濟上損失在台灣侵權行為法上的保護-以最高法院相關裁判為中心,月旦法學雜誌,第241期,2015年6月,頁49。5.麥肯錫大中華諮詢業務,區塊鏈—銀行業遊戲規則的顛覆者,2016年5月,頁10。6.張冠群,自金融監理原則與金融消費者保護觀點論金融科技監理沙盒制度──兼評行政院版「金融科技創新實驗條例草案」,月旦法學教室,第266期,2017年,頁5-6。7.彭金隆、臧正運,我國金融科技創新實驗落地機制之檢視與構,月旦法學教室,第266期,2017年7月,頁49。8.杜宏毅,如何建置一個實用的區塊鏈平台,財金資訊季刊,第90期,2017年10月,頁45。9.陳恭,智能合約的發展與應用,財金資訊季刊第90期,2017年10月,頁33。10.臧正運、曾宛如、方嘉麟,從區塊鏈融資論眾募規範趨勢,月旦法學雜誌,第273期,2018年2月,頁89。(三)學位論文1.邱琦,純粹經濟上損失之研究,台灣大學法律研究所碩士班論文,2002年,頁108。2.李昊,論英美侵權法中過失引起的純經濟上損失的賠償規則,比較法研究,第5期,2005年9月,頁64。3.朱帥俊,刑事證據法則對於電子證據適用之研究,交通大學管理學院碩士在職專班科技法律組,2007年,頁162。4.侯乃真,金融科技創新監理之新途徑-以監理沙盒為中心,台灣大學法律學研究所碩士班論文,2017年,頁58。(四)網際網路1.張健,揭秘比特幣和區塊鏈:什麼是區塊鏈?,參考網址:https://read01.com/zh-tw/a00e7m.html#.Wrny-cOuzIV (最後瀏覽日:2019年7月1日)2.許明恩,礦工失業倒數:以太坊轉型權益證明機制,參考網址:https://reurl.cc/pDdA8 (最後瀏覽日:2019年7月1日)3.王妍文,當供應鏈金融遇上區塊鏈,誰能吃下新商機?,參考網址:http://www.ftrc.nccu.edu.tw/wordpresseng/?p=3439 (最後瀏覽日:2019年7月1日)4.黃嶠濛,區塊鏈+供應鏈金融:旨在打造供應鏈金融資產的交易所,參考網址:https://zhuanlan.zhihu.com/p/31216243 (最後瀏覽日:2019年7月1日)5.林建甫,供應鏈金融 促進新南向金融版圖擴張,參考網址:https://m.ctee.com.tw/album/4c8c65b0-5bd2-4ec7-8a6c-9447a11812bc/828080 (最後瀏覽日:2019年7月1日)6.余至浩,【臺灣區塊鏈應用實例】克服音樂版權難題第一步,靠區塊鏈解決授權分散痛點,參考網址:https://www.ithome.com.tw/news/119249 (最後瀏覽日:2019年7月1日)7.章忠信,著作利用與授權之疑義解析,參考網址:http://www.copyrightnote.org/ArticleContent.aspx?ID=9&aid=2540 (最後瀏覽日:2019年7月1日)8.胡一天,數位身分與區塊鏈記憶體,參考網址:http://www.storm.mg/article/116734 (最後瀏覽日:2019年7月1日)9.翁書婷,我們要呼籲慈濟用區塊鏈處理大眾的捐款嗎?,參考網址:https://www.bnext.com.tw/article/44124/should-tzuchi-start-to-consider-adopting-blockchain-technology-for-the-transparency-of-the-charity-donation (最後瀏覽日:2019年7月1日)10.翁書婷,台灣需要什麼樣的FinTech加速器?也許可以參考新加坡,參考網址:https://www.bnext.com.tw/article/39160/BN-2016-04-08-183106-40 (最後瀏覽日:2019年7月1日)11.臧正運,臧正運觀點:形塑全球金融科技監理標準的關鍵語彙,風傳媒,參考網址:http://www.storm.mg/article/165779 (最後瀏覽日:2019年7月1日)12.Terry Chen,台灣網路編年史(一):1968年至2008年,參考網址:http://tesa.today/article/700 (最後瀏覽日:2019年7月1日)13.楊中皇、葉志青、蘇聖雄、張家瀚,時戳服務,資通安全政策分析專論,財團法人國家實驗研究院科技政策研究與資訊中心,參考網址:http://security.nknu.edu.tw/psnl/publications/2007/10_CHANG,KU- HAN/%AC%E3%A8s%A5%CD%A4w%B5o%AA%ED%A4%CE%A4w%B1%B5%A8% FC%A4%A7%A4%E5%B3%B9.pdf (最後瀏覽日:2019年7月1日)14.IThome,2018企業資安調查,參考網址:https://www.ithome.com.tw/article/122191 (最後瀏覽日:2019年7月1日)15.金融監督管理委員會銀行局,關於金融資產證券化,參考網址:https://www.banking.gov.tw/ch/home.jsp?id=116&parentpath=0,8,115 (最後瀏覽日:2019年7月1日)16.金融監督管理委員會,關於不動產證券化,參考網址:https://www.banking.gov.tw/ch/home.jsp?id=279&parentpath=0,8,119&mcustomize=onemessages_view.jsp&dataserno=21786&aplistdn=ou=data,ou=business,ou=one,ou=chinese,ou=ap_root,o=fsc,c=tw&dtable=Business (最後瀏覽日:2019年7月1日)17.中華民國信託業商業公會,不動產證券化,參考網址:http://www.trust.org.tw/content/index.asp?pno=187 (最後瀏覽日:2019年7月1日)18.中華民國證券投資信託暨顧問商業同業公會,國際動態,參考網址:https://members.sitca.org.tw/OPF/K0000/files/CWeb/9804國際動態.pdf (最後瀏覽日:2019年7月1日)19.經濟部標準檢驗局,ISO 28000供應鏈安全管理系統標準簡介,參考網址:www.bsmi.gov.tw/wSite/public/Data/f1388125037366.pdf (最後瀏覽日:2019年7月1日)20.經濟部智慧財產局,著作權基本概念篇,參考網址:https://www.tipo.gov.tw/ct.asp?xItem=219595&ctNode=7561&mp=1 (最後瀏覽日:2019年7月1日)21.行政院函請審議「電子簽章法」草案文書,參考網址:https://lis.ly.gov.tw/lgcgi/lgmeetimage?cfcbcfcdcecbcfcfc5cac8c8d2cac7c7 (最後瀏覽日:2019年7月1日)22.中華人民共和國工業和信息化部,七部門關於防範代幣發行融資風險的公告,參考網址:http://www.miit.gov.cn/n1146290/n4388791/c5781140/content.html (最後瀏覽日:2019年7月1日)23.中國最高人民法院,《最高人民法院關於互聯網法院審理案件若干問題的規定》的理解與適用,參考網址:https://www.chinacourt.org/article/detail/2018/09/id/3489797.shtml (最後瀏覽日:2019年7月1日)24.騰訊研究院,區塊鏈在徵信業應用的探討:優勢與特點及場景分析,參考網址:https://read01.com/nNQ2Qn.html#.WsGcGi6uzIV (最後瀏覽日:2019年7月1日)二、外文資料(一)期刊文章1.Patricia Brumfield Fry, Introduction to the Uniform Electronic Transactions Act: Principles, Policies and Provisions, 37 Idaho L.Rev. 237, 249-50(2001).2.Rebecca M. Bratspiess, Regulatory Trust, 51 ARIZONA L. REV. 575, 576-575 (2009).3.Vincent R. Johnson,The boundary-line function of the economic loss rule, 66 Wash. & Lee L. Rev. 523, 524 (2009).4.George Cornell ,The evidentiary value of automatically transcribed voicemail messages, 17 Journal of Science & Technology Law 259,276-278(2011).5.Stephanie Curry , Washington’s electronic signature act: An anachronism in the new millennium ,88 Wash.L.Rev 559, 560-561(2013).6.Susan Cohen, What Do Accelerators Do?Insights from Incubators and Angels,8 Innovations19, 19-21(2014).7.Lawrence G. Baxter, Adaptive Financial Regulation and RegTech: A Concept Article on Realistic Protection for Victims of Bank Failures, 66 Duke Law Journal 567, 598-600 (2016).(二)學位論文1.Satoshi Nakamoto,Bitcoin: A Peer-to-Peer Electronic Cash System (2008).2.Douglas W. Arner &Jànos Barberis & Ross P. Buckley, FinTech, RegTech and the Reconceptualization of Financial Regulation(2016).3.Zetzsche, Dirk A. and Buckley, Ross P. and Arner, Douglas W., The Distributed Liability of Distributed Ledgers: Legal Risks of Blockchain (2017).4.Stéphane Blemus, Law and Blockchain:a legal perspective on current regulatory trends worldwide (2018).5.Ranchordas, Sofia and Klop, Abram, Data-Driven Regulation and Governance in Smart Cities (2018).6.Marco Dell’Erba, Demystifying technology. Do smart contracts require a new legal framework? Regulatory fragmentation, self-regulation,public regulation (2018).(三)網際網路1.Weusecoins, Delegated Proof-of-Stake Consensus, available at:https://www.weusecoins.com/assets/pdf/library/Delegated%20Proof-of-Stake%20Consensus.pdf (Last visited on 2019/7/1)2.Miguel Castro & Barbara Liskov, Practical Byzantine Fault Tolerance, MIT`s Computer Science Lab, available at:http://pmg.csail.mit.edu/papers/osdi99.pdf (Last visited on 2019/7/1)3.Neha Narula,Willy Vasquez,Madars Virza(2018),zkLedger: Privacy-Preserving Auditing for Distributed Ledgers, available at:https://static1.squarespace.com/static/59aae5e9a803bb10bedeb03e/t/5aa1b35ce4966bd538d3f1d2/1520546653653/zkledger.pdf (Last visited on 2019/7/1)4.Internal Revenue Service, Notice 2014-21(March 21, 2014), available at:https://www.irs.gov/pub/irs-drop/n-14-21.pdf (Last visited on 2019/7/1)5.U.S Commodity Futures Trading Commission, Customer Advisory: Understand the Risks of Virtual Currency Trading(December 15, 2017), available at:https://www.cftc.gov/sites/default/files/idc/groups/public/@customerprotection/documents/file/customeradvisory_urvct121517.pdf (Last visited on 2019/7/1)6.Accenture, Global Fintech Financing, available at:https://newsroom.accenture.com/news/global-fintech-investments-surged-in-2018-with-investments-in-china-taking-the-lead-accenture-analysis-finds-uk-gains-sharply-despite-brexit-doubts.htm (Last visited on 2019/7/1)7.Vitalik Buterin, A Proof of Stake Design Philosophy, available at:https://medium.com/@VitalikButerin/a-proof-of-stake-design-philosophy-506585978d51 (Last visited on 2019/7/1)8.Zcash, What are zk-SNARKs?, available at:https://z.cash/technology/zksnarks/ (Last visited on 2019/7/1)9.Nolan Bauerle, What is the Difference Between Public and Permissioned Blockchains?, available at:https://www.coindesk.com/information/what-is-the-difference-between-open-and-permissioned-blockchains (Last visited on 2019/7/1)10.Dan Hyde, Half a million missing out on flight delay compensation, available at:https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/shopping-and-consumer-news/11790143/Half-a-million-missing-out-on-flight-delay-compensation.html (Last visited on 2019/7/1)11.Christopher Allen, The Path to Self-Sovereign Identity, available at:https://www.coindesk.com/path-self-sovereign-identity/ (Last visited on 2019/7/1)12.Jimi S., Blockchain: how a 51% attack works (double spend attack), available at:https://medium.com/coinmonks/what-is-a-51-attack-or-double-spend-attack-aa108db63474 (Last visited on 2019/7/1)13.Coinnounce, 15 insights on how Ethereum conducted its ICO in 2014, available at:https://coinnounce.com/ethereum-ico-2014/ (Last visited on 2019/7/1)14.US Department of the Treasury, Guidance on the Application of FinCEN’s Regulations to Persons Administering, Exchanging or Using Virtual Currencies(March 18, 2013), available at:https://www.fincen.gov/resources/statutes-regulations/guidance/application-fincens-regulations-persons-administering (Last visited on 2019/7/1)15.FinCEN, FinCEN Penalizes Peer-to-Peer Virtual Currency Exchanger for Violations of Anti-Money Laundering Laws(April 18, 2019), available at:https://www.fincen.gov/news/news-releases/fincen-penalizes-peer-peer-virtual-currency-exchanger-violations-anti-money (Last visited on 2019/7/1)16.The Guardian, Bitcoin to be treated as property instead of currency by IRS, available at:https://www.theguardian.com/technology/2014/mar/25/bitcoin-property-currency-irs-rules (Last visited on 2019/7/1)17.U.S Commodity Futures Trading Commission, In the Matter of Coinflip, Incd/b/a Derivabit and Francisco Riordan, CFTC Docket No. 15-29 (September 17, 2015), available at: https://www.cftc.gov/PressRoom/PressReleases/pr7231-15 (Last visited on 2019/7/1)18.U.S Commodity, Futures Trading Commission Federal Court Finds that Virtual Currencies Are Commodities, available at:https://www.cftc.gov/PressRoom/PressReleases/7820-18 (Last visited on 2019/7/1)19.Securities and Exchange Commission, Report of Investigation under 21(a)of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934: The DAO(25 July 2017), available at:https://www.sec.gov/litigation/investreport/34-81207.pdf (Last visited on 2019/7/1)20.Esther Kim, Wyoming becomes first to give Bitcoin owners full property rights, available at:https://bitcoinist.com/wyoming-bitcoin-full-property-rights/ (Last visited on 2019/7/1)21.European Bank Authority, Virtual currency schemes–a further analysis (2015), available at:https://www.ecb.europa.eu/pub/pdf/other/virtualcurrencyschemes201210en.pdf (Last visited on 2019/7/1)22.European Bank Authority, EBA Opinion on ‘virtual currencies(4 July 2014), available at:https://eba.europa.eu/documents/10180/657547/EBA-Op-2014-08+ Opinion+on +Virtual+ Currencies.pdf (Last visited on 2019/7/1)23.European Bank Authority, Opinion of the European Banking Authority on the EU Commission’s proposal to bring Virtual Currencies into the scope of Directive (EU) 2015/849, available at:https://eba.europa.eu/documents/10180/1547217/EBA+Opinion+on+the+Commission%E2%80%99s+proposal+to+bring+virtual+currency+entities+into+the+scope+of+4AMLD (Last visited on 2019/7/1)24.ESMA, EBA and EIOPA , ESMA, EBA and EIOPA warn consumers on the risks of Virtual Currencies, available at:https://eba.europa.eu/documents/10180/2139750/Joint+ESAs+Warning+on+Virtual+Currencies.pdf (Last visited on 2019/7/1)25.Kevin Helms , Bitcoin Transactions Declared VAT-Exempt in Norway, available at:https://news.bitcoin.com/bitcoin-transactions-declared-vat-exempt-in-norway/ (Last visited on 2019/7/1)26.Nikhilesh De, Germany Won`t Tax You for Buying Coffee With Bitcoin, available at:https://www.coindesk.com/germany-considers-crypto-legal-equivalent-to-fiat-for-tax-purposes/ (Last visited on 2019/7/1)27.European Securities and Market Authority, ESMA alerts firms involved in Initial Coin Offerings (ICOs) to the need to meet relevant regulatory requirements (November 13, 2017), available at:https://www.esma.europa.eu/sites/default/files/library/esma50-157-828_ico_statement_firms.pdf (Last visited on 2019/7/1)28.European Securities and Market Authority, ESMA`s Advice On Initial Coin Offering And Crypto-Assets, available at:https://www.esma.europa.eu/sites/default/files/library/esma50-157-1391_crypto_advice.pdf (Last visited on 2019/7/1)29.R. Viola and O. Guersent, European Commission sets up an internal Task Force on Financial Technology, available at:https://ec.europa.eu/digital-single-market/en/blog/european-commission-sets-internal-task-force-financial-technology(Last visited on 2019/7/1)30.European Parliament, “Answer given by Vice-President Ansip on behalf of the Commission”, Parliamentary questions(2017), available at:http://www.europarl.europa.eu/doceo/document/E-8-2016-009012-ASW_EN.html (Last visited on 2019/7/1)31.European Parliament resolution of 3 October 2018 on distributed ledger technologies and blockchains: building trust with disintermediation, available at:http://www.europarl.europa.eu/sides/getDoc.do?type=TA&reference=P8-TA-2018-0373&language=EN&ring=B8-2018-0397 (Last visited on 2019/7/1)32.European Parliament resolution of 3 October 2018 on distributed ledger technologies and blockchains: building trust with disintermediation (2017/2772(RSP)), available at:http://www.europarl.europa.eu/sides/getDoc.do?type=TA&reference=P8-TA-2018-0373&language=EN&ring=B8-2018-0397 (Last visited on 2019/7/1)33.A Framework for Global Electronic Commerce Executive Summary, available at:https://clintonwhitehouse4.archives.gov/WH/New/Commerce/summary.html (Last visited on 2019/7/1)34.Financial Conduct Authority, Regulatory sandbox (2015), available at:https://www.fca.org.uk/publication/research/regulatory-sandbox.pdf (Last visited on 2019/7/1)35.Office of the Comptroller of the Currency, Supporting Responsible Innovation in the Federal Banking System:An OCC Perspective, available at:http://consumerbankers.com/sites/default/files/OCC%20whitepaper%20fin%20inno%282%29.pdf (Last visited on 2019/7/1)36.IIF, RegTech in Financial Services:Technology Solutions for Compliance and Reporting(2016), available at:https://www.iif.com/Portals/0/Files/private/iif-regtech_in_financial_services_-_solutions_for_compliance_and_reporting.pdf?ver=2019-01-04-142943-690 (Last visited on 2019/7/1)37.Accenture, REGTECH FOR REGULATORS(2018), available at: https://www.worldgovernmentsummit.org/api/publications/document?id=5ccf8ac4-e97c-6578-b2f8-ff0000a7ddb6 (Last visited on 2019/7/1)38.Yu An, Yu Zhang and Bo Zeng ,The Reliable Hub-and-spoke Design Problem: Models and Algorithms(2011), available at:http://www.optimization-online.org/DB_FILE/2011/05/3043.pdf (Last visited on 2019/7/1)39.Andrew G Haldane, Rethinking the financial network(2009), BIS Review, available at:https://www.bis.org/review/r090505e.pdf (Last visited on 2019/7/1)40.U.S. Commodity Futures Trading Commission ,An Assessment of the Current Implementation of Reform and Proposals for Next Steps, available at:https://www.cftc.gov/sites/default/files/2018-04/oce_chairman_swapregversion2whitepaper_042618.pdf (Last visited on 2019/7/1)41.Josh Stark, Applications of Distributed Ledger Technology to Regulatory &Compliance Processes(2018), available at:https://www.r3.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/04/Reg_Compliance_R3.pdf (Last visited on 2019/7/1)42.FinTech Innovation Lab New York,Former New York regulatory chief Maria Vyllo joins FinTech Innovation Lab New York, available at:https://www.finextra.com/pressarticle/78032/former-new-york-regulatory-chief-maria-vyllo-joins-fintech-innovation-lab-new-york (Last visited on 2019/7/1)43.Financial Conduct Authority, Eligibility for Innovation Hub, available at:https://www.fca.org.uk/firms/project-innovate-innovation-hub/eligibility (Last visited on 2019/7/1)44.Financial Conduct Authority, Innovate events, available at:https://www.fca.org.uk/firms/innovate-innovation-hub/events (Last visited on 2019/7/1)45.Stone&Chalk, Stone&Chalk programs, available at:https://www.stoneandchalk.com.au/programs (Last visited on 2019/7/1)46.Global Partnership for Financial Inclusion ,G20 High-Level Principles for Digital Financial Inclusion, available at:http://www.g20.utoronto.ca/2016/high-level-principles-for-digital-financial-inclusion.pdf (Last visited on 2019/7/1)47.Summary of Bills Pertaining to Electronic Signatures and Authentication in the 106th Congress, available at:http://techlawjournal.com/cong106/digsig/Default.htm (Last visited on 2019/7/1)48.European initiative on electronic commerce, available at: https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/?uri=LEGISSUM%3Al32101 (Last visited on 2019/7/1)49.Amended proposal for a European Parliament and Council Directive on a common framework for electronic signatures, available at: http://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/?qid=1523186153809&uri=CELEX:51999PC0195 (Last visited on 2019/7/1)50.Adobe(2016), Compliance with European electronic signatures legislation, available at:https://acrobat.adobe.com/content/dam/doc-cloud/en/pdfs/adobe-sign-eidas-compliance-uk.pdf (Last visited on 2019/7/1)51.eSignature in the EU, available at:http://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/?uri=LEGISSUM:l24118 (Last visited on 2019/7/1)52.Adam Thierer, 15 Years On, President Clinton`s 5 Principles for Internet Policy Remain the Perfect Paradigm, available at: https://www.forbes.com/sites/adamthierer/2012/02/12/15-years-on-president-clintons-5-principles-for-internet-policy-remain-the-perfect-paradigm/#69bebc471703 (Last visited on 2019/7/1)53.C. W. Von Bergen, Martin S. Bressler, Never Underestimate the Power of a Backhoe:Integrating Single Points of Failure into Strategic Planning (2014), available at:http://homepages.se.edu/cvonbergen/files/2015/03/Never-Estimate-the-Power-of-a-Backhoe_Integrating-Single-Points-of-Failure-into-Strategic-Planning.pdf (Last visited on 2019/7/1)54.R3 and Norton Rose,Can smart contracts be legally binding contracts?, available at:http://www.nortonrosefulbright.com/files/r3-and-norton-rose-fulbright-white-paper-full-report-144581.pdf (Last visited on 2019/7/1)55.JP Buntinx, What is Blockstream, available at:https://themerkle.com/what-is-blockstream/ (Last visited on 2019/7/1)56.Klara Palmberg, Complex adaptive systems Properties and approaches (2009), available at:http://www.mementor.se/wp-content/palmberg-complex-adaptive-systems-research-report.pdf (Last visited on 2019/7/1)57.Gareth W. Peters, Efstathios Panayi.(2015),Understanding Modern Banking Ledgers through BlockchainTechnologies: Future of Transaction Processing and SmartContracts on the Internet of Money (2015), available at:https://arxiv.org/pdf/1511.05740.pdf (Last visited on 2019/7/1)58.illinois transportation trade association v. city of chicago thetimes, No. 16-2009 (7th Cir. 2016), available at:http://media.ca7.uscourts.gov/cgi-bin/rssExec.pl?Submit=Display&Path=Y2016%2FD10-07%2FC%3A16-2009%3AJ%3APosner%3Aaut%3AT%3AfnOp%3AN%3A1842508%3AS%3A0 (Last visited on 2019/7/1) zh_TW dc.identifier.doi (DOI) 10.6814/NCCU201901043 en_US