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題名 國際學生流動的決定因子分析— 引力模型之應用
An Analysis of the Determinants of International Student Mobility: Application of Gravity Equation作者 黃薏璇
Huang, Yi-Hsuan貢獻者 吳政達
Wu, Cheng-Ta
黃薏璇
Huang, Yi-Hsuan關鍵詞 國際學生流動
引力模型
推拉理論
多層次分析
新南向政策
International student mobility
Gravity equation
Push-pull theory
Multiple level analysis
New Southbound Policy日期 2019 上傳時間 5-Sep-2019 17:17:46 (UTC+8) 摘要 全球化時代下，國際學生流動情形日益頻繁，各國也紛紛透過高等教育政策的擬定吸引國際學生，而臺灣的「新南向政策」即為一例。掌握國際學生流動的決定因子是政策有效的關鍵，然而，決定因子相關量化研究仍付之闕如，且多著重於單一國家。本研究結合引力模型與推拉理論，採用2016年國際資料庫數據，針對全球74個主要國家進行多層次分析，並檢視全球層次、區域間層次、區域內層次與新南向政策層次學生流動之主要決定因子。分析結果反映隨著教育樞紐的出現，國際學生流動已演變出新的模式。學生流動方向的多元化使得基本變項與過往研究中顯著的進階變項解釋力大幅降低，而科技創新與教育品質因素則對國際學生流動具有關鍵效果，人類發展指數較高的國家則能吸引較多國際人才，特別是在全球及區域間流動上。綜而言之，國家應當追求在全球社會下的卓越表現，展現科技、學術上的競爭性，才能有效提升對國際學生的拉力，並是國家高等教育政策成功的關鍵策略。
International student mobility (ISM) has become more frequent in the era of globalization. Countries are committed to recruiting international students through higher education policies, and identifying the determinants of international student mobility is the key to effective policies. This paper aims to examine the determinants of student mobility on the global level, inter-continental level, intra-continental level, and Taiwan`s New Southbound Policy level, applying the gravity equation and illustrating in the context of Push-Pull theory. Based on data from international datasets, regression analysis is conducted with national-level data of 74 countries worldwide in 2016. The result reveals that international student flow has evolved into new patterns currently with the emergence of regional education hubs, and the diverse directions of mobility have weakened the effect of basic and advanced variables significant in previous research. This paper also shed light on the crucial role of technological innovation and education quality factors, and countries with a higher Human Development Index attract more international talents, especially for global and inter-continental mobility. Generally, the empirical study encourages countries for the pursuit of excellence in a global society, to effectively enhance the pull effect of international talents, and leads to the success of higher education policies.參考文獻 中文文獻行政院（2016）。新南向政策推動計畫。取自https://www.ey.gov.tw/News10.aspx?n=DBAE55EB6D37B60C&sms=19FA75E3DEDDDA1F李春杉（2009）。台灣地區高等教育機構向大陸招生推拉因素之調查研究(未出版碩士論文)。國立臺北教育大學教育政策與管理研究所，臺北市。周祝瑛（2011）。臺灣地區國際學生調查研究：以推拉理論為例。「APAIE國際教育年會」發表之論文，國立臺灣大學。張芳全（2011）。國際留學生留學因素之探討。T&D飛訊，126，1-23。張芳全（2017）。東南亞國家學生留學臺灣的經驗與建議之研究。臺北市立大學學報，48（2），1-27。教育部（2011a）。擴大招收境外學生行動計畫。臺北市：作者。教育部（2011b）。高等教育產業輸出連結亞太-深耕東南亞計畫。臺北市：作者。教育部（2016）。教育部新南向人才培育推動計畫。取自http://ws.moe.edu.tw/001/Upload/7/relfile/8053/51384/5fd31e54-beb7-48c1-b018-22ccf3de1e19.pdf教育部統計處（2016）。歷年單齡人口數、學齡人口數(63～105 年度)【原始數據】。未出版之原始數據。取自http://depart.moe.edu.tw/ed4500/cp.aspx?n=1B58E0B736635285&s=D04C74553DB60CAD陳治堯（2010）。陸生來台就讀大學院校之拉力因素分析（未出版碩士論文）。國立政治大學，臺北市。戴曉霞（2004）。高等教育的國際化：亞太國家外國學生政策之比較分析。教育研究集刊，50（2），53-84。 英文文獻Aleles, J. P. (2015). Japan’s global 30 program: The push and pull factors of international student mobility. International Journal of Learning, Teaching and Educational Research, 13(2), 55-65.Altbach, P. G. (1998). Comparative higher education: Knowledge, the university, and development. Hong Kong: Comparative Education Research Center, The University of Hong Kong.Barnett, G. A., Lee, M., Jiang, K., & Park, H. W. (2015). The flow of international students from a macro perspective: A network analysis. Compare: A Journal of Comparative and International Education, 46(4), 533-559. doi:10.1080/03057925.2015.1015965Beine, M., Noël, R., & Ragot, L. (2014). Determinants of the international mobility of students. Economics of Education review, 41(2014), 40-54. doi:10.1016/j.econedurev.2014.03.003Bessey, D. (2012). International student migration to Germany. Empirical Economics, 42(1), 345-361.Chen, T.-M., & Barnett, G. A. (2000). Research on international student flows from a macro perspective: A network analysis of 1985, 1989 and 1995. Higher Education, 39(4), 435-453.Choudaha, R.(2012). The rise of `glocal` students and transnational education. The Guardia. Retrieved from https://www.theguardian.comChoudaha, R. (2017). Three waves of international student mobility (1999–2020). Studies in Higher Education, 42(5), 825-832. doi:10.1080/03075079.2017.1293872Davis, T. (1995). Flows of international students: Trends and issues. International Higher Education(1), 2-4.De Benedictis, L., & Taglioni, D. (2011). The gravity model in international trade. In L. De Benedictis & L. Salvatici (Eds.), The trade impact of European Union preferential policies (pp. 55-89). Berlin: Springer.Findlay, A. M., King, R., Smith, F. M., Geddes, A., & Skeldon, R. (2012). World class? An investigation of globalisation, difference and international student mobility. Transactions of the Institute of British Geographers, 37(1), 118-131. Findlay, A. M., King, R., Stam, A., & Ruiz-Gelices, E. (2006). Ever reluctant Europeans: The changing geographies of UK students studying and working abroad. European Urban and Regional Studies. European Urban and Regional Studies, 13(4), 291-318.Freeman, L. C. (1978). Centrality in social networks conceptual clarification. Social networks, 1(3), 215-239.Gaillard, A. M., & Gaillard, J. (1998). The international circulation of scientists and technologists: a win-lose or win-win situation? Science communication, 20(1), 106-115.Gerhards, J., & Hans, S. (2013). Transnational human capital, education, and social inequality: Analyses of international student exchange. Zeitschrift für Soziologie, 42(2), 99-117.González, C. R., Mesanza, R. B., & Mariel, P. (2011). The determinants of international student mobility flows: an empirical study on the Erasmus programme. Higher Education, 62(4), 413-430. doi:10.1007/s10734-010-9396-5Guruz, K. (2011). Higher education and international student mobility in the global knowledge economy: Revised and updated second edition. New York, NY: SUNY Press.Hanneman, R. A., & Riddle, M. (2005). Introduction to social network methods. Riverside, CA: University of California, Riverside.Institute of International Education[IIE](2017). Open Doors 2017. Retrieved from https://www.iie.org/Research-and-Insights/Open-Doors/Open-Doors-2017-Media-InformationJohnson, J. M., & Regets, M. C. (1998). International mobility of scientists and engineers to the United States--brain drain or brain circulation? SRS Issue Brief.Kahanec, M., & Králiková, R. (2011). Pulls of international student mobility (IZA discussion paper NO. 6233). Retrieved from http://repec.iza.org/dp6233.pdfKearney, M. L., & Lincoln, D. (Eds.). (2017). The international student experience: voices and perspectives [Special issue]. Studies in Higher Education, 42(5).Kelo, M., Teichler, U., & Wächter, B. (2006). Toward improved data on student mobility in Europe: Findings and concepts of the Eurodata study. Journal of Studies in International Education, 10(3), 194-223.Kondakci, Y., Bedenlier, S., & Zawacki-Richter, O. (2018). Social network analysis of international student mobility: Uncovering the rise of regional hubs. Higher Education, 75(3), 517-535. Knight, J. (2014).Education hubs: Focus on student mobility, human resource development and knowledge production. In K. H. Mok & K. M. Yu (Eds.), Internationalization of Higher Education in East Asia (pp. 27-41). New York, NY: Routledge.Knight, J. (2012). Student Mobility and Internationalization: trends and tribulations. Research in Comparative and International Education, 7(1), 20-33. doi:10.2304/rcie.2012.7.1.20Levatino, A. (2017). Transnational higher education and international student mobility: Determinants and linkage. Higher Education: The International Journal of Higher Education Research, 73(5), 637-653. doi:10.1007/s10734-016-9985-zLi, M., & Bray, M. (2007). Cross-border flows of students for higher education: Push–pull factors and motivations of mainland Chinese students in Hong Kong and Macau. Higher Education, 53(6), 791-818.Liu, D., & Wang, J. (2009). The determinants of international student mobility: An empirical study on US data. Högskolan Dalarna: Master Thesis.López, X. P., Fernández, M. F., & Incera, A. C. (2016). The economic impact of international students in a regional economy from a tourism perspective. Tourism Economics, 22(1), 125-140.Mahroum, S. (2000). Highly skilled globetrotters: Mapping the international migration of human capital. R&D Management, 30(1), 23-32.Mazzarol, T., & Soutar, G. N. (2002). “Push-pull” factors influencing international student destination choice. International Journal of Educational Management, 16(2), 82-90.McMahon, M. E. (1992). Higher education in a world market. Higher Education, 24(4), 465-482.Mok, K. H., & Yu, K. M. (2014). Introduction: The quest for regional hub status and transnationalization of higher education: Challenges for managing human capital in East Asia. In K. H. Mok & K. M. Yu (Eds.), Internationalization of Higher Education in East Asia (pp. 1-26). New York, NY: Routledge.Rizvi, F. (2011). Theorizing student mobility in an era of globalization. Teachers and Teaching, 17(6), 693-701.Shields, R. (2013). Globalization and International Student Mobility: A Network Analysis. Comparative Education Review, 57(4), 609-636. doi:10.1086/671752The Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development [OECD](2015). Education at a glance 2015: OECD indicators. OECD Publishing: Paris. doi:10.1787/eag-2015-enThe Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development [OECD](2017). Education at a glance 2017: OECD indicators. OECD Publishing: Paris. doi: 10.1787/eag-2017-enUnited Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization[UNESCO](2013). The international mobility of students in Asia and the Pacific. Paris, France: UNESCO.Van Mol, C., & Timmerman, C. (2014). Should I stay or should I go? An analysis of the determinants of Intra-European student mobility. Population, Space and Place, 20(5), 465-479. doi:10.1002/psp.1833Verbik, L., & Lasanowski, V. (2007). International student mobility: Patterns and trends. World Education News and Reviews, 20(10), 1-16.Wei, H. (2013). An empirical study on the determinants of international student mobility: a global perspective. Higher Education, 66(1), 105-122. doi:10.1007/s10734-012-9593-5 描述 碩士
國立政治大學
教育行政與政策研究所
105171001資料來源 http://thesis.lib.nccu.edu.tw/record/#G0105171001 資料類型 thesis dc.contributor.advisor 吳政達 zh_TW dc.contributor.advisor Wu, Cheng-Ta en_US dc.contributor.author (Authors) 黃薏璇 zh_TW dc.contributor.author (Authors) Huang, Yi-Hsuan en_US dc.creator (作者) 黃薏璇 zh_TW dc.creator (作者) Huang, Yi-Hsuan en_US dc.date (日期) 2019 en_US dc.date.accessioned 5-Sep-2019 17:17:46 (UTC+8) - dc.date.available 5-Sep-2019 17:17:46 (UTC+8) - dc.date.issued (上傳時間) 5-Sep-2019 17:17:46 (UTC+8) - dc.identifier (Other Identifiers) G0105171001 en_US dc.identifier.uri (URI) http://nccur.lib.nccu.edu.tw/handle/140.119/125855 - dc.description (描述) 碩士 zh_TW dc.description (描述) 國立政治大學 zh_TW dc.description (描述) 教育行政與政策研究所 zh_TW dc.description (描述) 105171001 zh_TW dc.description.abstract (摘要) 全球化時代下，國際學生流動情形日益頻繁，各國也紛紛透過高等教育政策的擬定吸引國際學生，而臺灣的「新南向政策」即為一例。掌握國際學生流動的決定因子是政策有效的關鍵，然而，決定因子相關量化研究仍付之闕如，且多著重於單一國家。本研究結合引力模型與推拉理論，採用2016年國際資料庫數據，針對全球74個主要國家進行多層次分析，並檢視全球層次、區域間層次、區域內層次與新南向政策層次學生流動之主要決定因子。分析結果反映隨著教育樞紐的出現，國際學生流動已演變出新的模式。學生流動方向的多元化使得基本變項與過往研究中顯著的進階變項解釋力大幅降低，而科技創新與教育品質因素則對國際學生流動具有關鍵效果，人類發展指數較高的國家則能吸引較多國際人才，特別是在全球及區域間流動上。綜而言之，國家應當追求在全球社會下的卓越表現，展現科技、學術上的競爭性，才能有效提升對國際學生的拉力，並是國家高等教育政策成功的關鍵策略。 zh_TW dc.description.abstract (摘要) International student mobility (ISM) has become more frequent in the era of globalization. Countries are committed to recruiting international students through higher education policies, and identifying the determinants of international student mobility is the key to effective policies. This paper aims to examine the determinants of student mobility on the global level, inter-continental level, intra-continental level, and Taiwan`s New Southbound Policy level, applying the gravity equation and illustrating in the context of Push-Pull theory. Based on data from international datasets, regression analysis is conducted with national-level data of 74 countries worldwide in 2016. The result reveals that international student flow has evolved into new patterns currently with the emergence of regional education hubs, and the diverse directions of mobility have weakened the effect of basic and advanced variables significant in previous research. This paper also shed light on the crucial role of technological innovation and education quality factors, and countries with a higher Human Development Index attract more international talents, especially for global and inter-continental mobility. Generally, the empirical study encourages countries for the pursuit of excellence in a global society, to effectively enhance the pull effect of international talents, and leads to the success of higher education policies. en_US dc.description.tableofcontents 目次第一章 緒論 1第一節 研究背景與動機 1第二節 研究目的與待答問題 5第三節 名詞釋義 6第四節 研究方法與步驟 7第五節 研究範圍與限制 9第二章 文獻探討 11第一節 國際學生流動的概念與理論 11第二節 國際學生流動的現況 21第三節 國際學生流動的決定因子 43第三章 研究設計與實施 52第一節 研究架構 52第二節 研究對象 52第三節 資料蒐集方式 55第四節 研究實施程序 62第五節 資料處理與分析 63第四章 研究結果與分析 67第一節 全球國際學生流動的決定因子 67第二節 區域間國際學生流動的決定因子 77第三節 區域內國際學生流動的決定因子 107第四節 新南向政策下國際學生流動的決定因子 125第五節 國際學生流動的決定因子綜合分析 128第五章 研究建議與結論 135第一節 研究結論 135第二節 研究建議 139參考文獻 141中文文獻 141英文文獻 142 zh_TW dc.format.extent 12239637 bytes - dc.format.mimetype application/pdf - dc.source.uri (資料來源) http://thesis.lib.nccu.edu.tw/record/#G0105171001 en_US dc.subject (關鍵詞) 國際學生流動 zh_TW dc.subject (關鍵詞) 引力模型 zh_TW dc.subject (關鍵詞) 推拉理論 zh_TW dc.subject (關鍵詞) 多層次分析 zh_TW dc.subject (關鍵詞) 新南向政策 zh_TW dc.subject (關鍵詞) International student mobility en_US dc.subject (關鍵詞) Gravity equation en_US dc.subject (關鍵詞) Push-pull theory en_US dc.subject (關鍵詞) Multiple level analysis en_US dc.subject (關鍵詞) New Southbound Policy en_US dc.title (題名) 國際學生流動的決定因子分析— 引力模型之應用 zh_TW dc.title (題名) An Analysis of the Determinants of International Student Mobility: Application of Gravity Equation en_US dc.type (資料類型) thesis en_US dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 中文文獻行政院（2016）。新南向政策推動計畫。取自https://www.ey.gov.tw/News10.aspx?n=DBAE55EB6D37B60C&sms=19FA75E3DEDDDA1F李春杉（2009）。台灣地區高等教育機構向大陸招生推拉因素之調查研究(未出版碩士論文)。國立臺北教育大學教育政策與管理研究所，臺北市。周祝瑛（2011）。臺灣地區國際學生調查研究：以推拉理論為例。「APAIE國際教育年會」發表之論文，國立臺灣大學。張芳全（2011）。國際留學生留學因素之探討。T&D飛訊，126，1-23。張芳全（2017）。東南亞國家學生留學臺灣的經驗與建議之研究。臺北市立大學學報，48（2），1-27。教育部（2011a）。擴大招收境外學生行動計畫。臺北市：作者。教育部（2011b）。高等教育產業輸出連結亞太-深耕東南亞計畫。臺北市：作者。教育部（2016）。教育部新南向人才培育推動計畫。取自http://ws.moe.edu.tw/001/Upload/7/relfile/8053/51384/5fd31e54-beb7-48c1-b018-22ccf3de1e19.pdf教育部統計處（2016）。歷年單齡人口數、學齡人口數(63～105 年度)【原始數據】。未出版之原始數據。取自http://depart.moe.edu.tw/ed4500/cp.aspx?n=1B58E0B736635285&s=D04C74553DB60CAD陳治堯（2010）。陸生來台就讀大學院校之拉力因素分析（未出版碩士論文）。國立政治大學，臺北市。戴曉霞（2004）。高等教育的國際化：亞太國家外國學生政策之比較分析。教育研究集刊，50（2），53-84。 英文文獻Aleles, J. P. (2015). Japan’s global 30 program: The push and pull factors of international student mobility. International Journal of Learning, Teaching and Educational Research, 13(2), 55-65.Altbach, P. G. (1998). Comparative higher education: Knowledge, the university, and development. Hong Kong: Comparative Education Research Center, The University of Hong Kong.Barnett, G. A., Lee, M., Jiang, K., & Park, H. W. (2015). The flow of international students from a macro perspective: A network analysis. Compare: A Journal of Comparative and International Education, 46(4), 533-559. doi:10.1080/03057925.2015.1015965Beine, M., Noël, R., & Ragot, L. (2014). Determinants of the international mobility of students. Economics of Education review, 41(2014), 40-54. doi:10.1016/j.econedurev.2014.03.003Bessey, D. (2012). International student migration to Germany. Empirical Economics, 42(1), 345-361.Chen, T.-M., & Barnett, G. A. (2000). Research on international student flows from a macro perspective: A network analysis of 1985, 1989 and 1995. Higher Education, 39(4), 435-453.Choudaha, R.(2012). The rise of `glocal` students and transnational education. The Guardia. Retrieved from https://www.theguardian.comChoudaha, R. (2017). Three waves of international student mobility (1999–2020). Studies in Higher Education, 42(5), 825-832. doi:10.1080/03075079.2017.1293872Davis, T. (1995). Flows of international students: Trends and issues. International Higher Education(1), 2-4.De Benedictis, L., & Taglioni, D. (2011). The gravity model in international trade. In L. De Benedictis & L. Salvatici (Eds.), The trade impact of European Union preferential policies (pp. 55-89). Berlin: Springer.Findlay, A. M., King, R., Smith, F. M., Geddes, A., & Skeldon, R. (2012). World class? An investigation of globalisation, difference and international student mobility. Transactions of the Institute of British Geographers, 37(1), 118-131. 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