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題名 以供應鏈角度分析如何因應海外生產之挑戰 - 以越南臺商為例
Using the Supply Chain Perspective to Analyze Challenges of Oversea Production - Examples of Taiwanese Companies in Vietnam
作者 陳柏諭
Chen, Po-Yu
貢獻者 羅明琇
Lo, Ming-Shiow
陳柏諭
Chen, Po-Yu
關鍵詞 國際化生產挑戰
SCOR模型
越南臺商
加工製造業
Internationalized production challenges
SCOR Model
Taiwanese companies in Vietnam
Manufacturing
日期 2019
上傳時間 5-Sep-2019 17:35:32 (UTC+8)
摘要 早期臺灣企業將生產基地移至中國大陸，而近年來，因國際局勢變化、中國法規修改、工資上揚等問題，臺灣企業又輾轉地將生產基地轉往東南亞新興國家之情事屢見不鮮，尤以越南最為興盛。
二十一世紀起，因通訊技術與網路科技的興起，大幅地降低企業國際化之障礙，築起完善之供應鏈網絡將成為國際化成敗與否之關鍵契機。因此，本研究運用國際化生產挑戰與供應鏈SCOR模型作為研究框架，並選定具代表性之越南加工製造業臺商作為研究對象，透過文獻探討、深度訪談、線上資料收集等方式收集資料，以產業特性為基礎歸納面臨之國際化生產挑戰及因應策略，並透過跨產業分析，整理個別國際化生產挑戰之可行因應策略，以供未來投資後進者做為借鏡，令其能有效從事供應鏈規劃以因應環境之不確定性。
最後，本研究也歸納出以下研究發現：1. 企業對於環境資訊的掌握度不同可能影響其供應鏈流程之組成及其成本結構 2. 供應鏈之規劃流程涵蓋範圍甚廣且與企業決策之時間點攸關 3. 部分國際化生產挑戰之因應須由其他管理面著手 4. 組織規模及資源豐沛程度可能影響國際化生產挑戰之因應方式與有效性 5. 以供應鏈流程因應國際化生產挑戰，雖能解決部份問題，但亦可能產生其他問題 6. 企業選址於勞力低廉的地區，亦可能因環境因素，反而提高資本人力比 7. 投資者應以投資國家之地區特性，預期未來之挑戰 8. 風險程度並非為影響企業於該國家之涉入程度之唯一因素 9. 高度垂直整合不僅因應工業發展不足之情事，更可能因此利於發展產品線之廣度。
Taiwanese Companies had shifted their production base to China in 1990s. In re-cent years, due to changes in international situation, changes in regulations and laws in China, and raising labor wage, Taiwanese companies gradually shifted their produ-ction base again to emerging Southeast Asian countries, especially in Vietnam.
Because of communication technology and Internet progress in 21st century, it has lowered thresholds of internationalization for companies. However, how to build a stable and collaborate supply chain network becomes a key success factor of intern-ationalization. As a result, this research use SCOR model to analyze how Taiwanese companies in Vietnam to respond to internationalized production challenges., and sel-ected representative Taiwanese manufactures in Vietnam as research object. Accord-ing to data collection through literature study, depth interview, and online data colle-ction, this research inducted internationalized production challenges on the basis of ind-ustry features. Moreover, this research collected practical solutions to each challe-nges by cross-industry analysis to offer some suggestions for future investors, which could make them plan supply chain more effective toward internationalized producti-on barriers.
In conclusion, this research confirms several findings as below, 1. Difference of familiar with environment could influence companies’ supply chain process configu-ration and cost structure. 2. Scope of plan process is too broad to analyze which is rel-ated to timing of decision-making. 3. Response to parts of internationalized producti-on challenges should be on management. 4. Size and resource abundance of company could influence response of challenges and its effectiveness. 5. Response to challeng-es on supply chain perspective might cause some problems else. 6. Company might raise its capital-labor ratio in low-wage countries because of environmental factors.
7. Investors should plan challenges by invested region features. 8. Risk is not the only factor to influence commitment of company. 9. High degree of vertical integration could be not only respond to challenges but also benefit to product variety.
參考文獻 一、英文文獻
1. Caniato, F., Golini, R., & Kalchschmidt, M. (2013). The effect of global supply chain configuration on the relationship between supply chain improvement programs and performance. International Journal of Production Economics, 143(2), 285-293.
2. Hülsmann, M., Grapp, J., & Li, Y. (2008). Strategic adaptivity in global supply chains—competitive advantage by autonomous cooperation. International Journal of Production Economics, 114(1), 14-26.
3. Jensen, T., & Sandström, J. (2011). Stakeholder theory and globalization: The challenges of power and responsibility. Organization studies, 32(4), 473-488.
4. Lisa Dorward. APICS Basics of Supply Chain Management ［Web blog message ］. Retrieved from https://smallbusiness.chron.com/apics-basics-supply-chain-management-41462.html
5. Margaret D. LeCompte & Wndy I. Millroy. (1992). The Handbook of qualitative research in education. San Diego, USA: Academic Press
6. Minner, S. (2003). Multiple-supplier inventory models in supply chain management: A review. International Journal of Production Economics, 81, 265-279.
7. Richey, R. G., Hilton, C. B., Harvey, M. G., Beitelspacher, L. S., Tokman, M., & Moeller, M. (2011). Aligning operant resources for global performance: An assessment of supply chain human resource management. Journal of management & organization, 17(3), 364-382.
8. Rugman, A. M. (1978). The international operations of national firms: a study of direct foreign investment.
9. Schultz, T. (1999). Macrologistics Management. Quality Progress, 32(2), 101.
10. Stentoft Arlbjørn, J., & Lüthje, T. (2012). Global operations and their interaction with supply chain performance. Industrial Management & Data Systems, 112(7), 1044-1064.
11. Supply Chain Council. (2012). Supply Chain Operation Reference Model (Revision 11.0). Retrieved from https://docs.huihoo.com/scm/supply-chain-operations-reference-model-r11.0.pdf
12. Taylor, D. H. (Ed.). (1997). Global cases in logistics and supply chain management. Cengage Learning EMEA.
13. Vereecke, A., & Van Dierdonck, R. (2002). The strategic role of the plant: testing Ferdows’s model. International Journal of Operations & Production Management, 22(5), 492-514.
14. Weiler, S. (2010). Strategien zur wirtschaftlichen Gestaltung der globalen Beschaffung. Shaker.
15. Weiler, S., Páez, D., Chun, J. H., Graves, S. C., & Lanza, G. (2011). Supply chain design for the global expansion of manufacturing capacity in emerging markets. CIRP Journal of Manufacturing Science and Technology, 4(3), 265-280.
16. Zaheer, S. (1995). Overcoming the liability of foreignness. Academy of Management journal, 38(2), 341-363.
17. Zayani, M. (2011). Media, cultural diversity and globalization: Challenges and opportunities. Journal of cultural diversity, 18(2), 48.

 
二、中文文獻
1. 中華經濟研究院.（2017）. 2017年對海外投資事業營運狀況調查分析.
2. 中央社.（2019）. 美中貿易戰升溫 外商轉向越南投資【新聞】.
3. 文崇一, 楊國樞.（2011）. 社會及行為科學研究法(下). 台北市：東華書局.
4. 臺灣東南亞國家協會研究中心.（2016）. 臺灣－東協投資統計.
5. 田秀蘭.（2011）. 質性研究的基本概念¬¬¬－研究方法概論. 台北市：國立臺灣師範大學教育心理與輔導學系.
6. 行政院.（2019）. 新南向政策【重要施政成果】.
7. 任凱, 王佳煌.（2005）.質性研究法：社會情境的觀察與分析. 台北市：學富文化.
8. 邱鈺惠.（2017）. SCOR模型研究與探討.
9. 胡幼慧.（2010）. 質性研究：理論、方法及本土女性主義研究實例. 台北市：巨流.
10. 國際貨幣基金組織.（2019）. 世界經濟展望.
11. 博智研究。量化、質化研究【部落格文字資料】.
12. 黃秋霞.（2016）. 淺談量化與質性研究的反思. 臺灣教育評論月刊, 5(9). 149-154.
13. 黃家溱.（2012）. 寬恕的覺悟¬—個案訪談一位榮獲補教師鐸獎教師. 高雄師大學報：教育與社會科學類.
14. 萬文隆.（2004）. 深度訪談在質性研究中的應用. 生活科技教育月刊, 37(4), 17-23.
15. 經濟部投資業務處.（2018）. 越南投資環境簡介.
16. 經濟部投資業務處.（2018）. 臺商對外投資概況.
17. 經濟部投資審議委員會.（2019）. 我國在東協主要國家投資統計表.
18. 駐胡志明市辦事處經濟組.（2018）. 越南經貿暨投資環境參考資料.
描述 碩士
國立政治大學
企業管理研究所(MBA學位學程)
106363072
資料來源 http://thesis.lib.nccu.edu.tw/record/#G0106363072
資料類型 thesis
dc.contributor.advisor 羅明琇zh_TW
dc.contributor.advisor Lo, Ming-Shiowen_US
dc.contributor.author (Authors) 陳柏諭zh_TW
dc.contributor.author (Authors) Chen, Po-Yuen_US
dc.creator (作者) 陳柏諭zh_TW
dc.creator (作者) Chen, Po-Yuen_US
dc.date (日期) 2019en_US
dc.date.accessioned 5-Sep-2019 17:35:32 (UTC+8)-
dc.date.available 5-Sep-2019 17:35:32 (UTC+8)-
dc.date.issued (上傳時間) 5-Sep-2019 17:35:32 (UTC+8)-
dc.identifier (Other Identifiers) G0106363072en_US
dc.identifier.uri (URI) http://nccur.lib.nccu.edu.tw/handle/140.119/125950-
dc.description (描述) 碩士zh_TW
dc.description (描述) 國立政治大學zh_TW
dc.description (描述) 企業管理研究所(MBA學位學程)zh_TW
dc.description (描述) 106363072zh_TW
dc.description.abstract (摘要) 早期臺灣企業將生產基地移至中國大陸，而近年來，因國際局勢變化、中國法規修改、工資上揚等問題，臺灣企業又輾轉地將生產基地轉往東南亞新興國家之情事屢見不鮮，尤以越南最為興盛。
二十一世紀起，因通訊技術與網路科技的興起，大幅地降低企業國際化之障礙，築起完善之供應鏈網絡將成為國際化成敗與否之關鍵契機。因此，本研究運用國際化生產挑戰與供應鏈SCOR模型作為研究框架，並選定具代表性之越南加工製造業臺商作為研究對象，透過文獻探討、深度訪談、線上資料收集等方式收集資料，以產業特性為基礎歸納面臨之國際化生產挑戰及因應策略，並透過跨產業分析，整理個別國際化生產挑戰之可行因應策略，以供未來投資後進者做為借鏡，令其能有效從事供應鏈規劃以因應環境之不確定性。
最後，本研究也歸納出以下研究發現：1. 企業對於環境資訊的掌握度不同可能影響其供應鏈流程之組成及其成本結構 2. 供應鏈之規劃流程涵蓋範圍甚廣且與企業決策之時間點攸關 3. 部分國際化生產挑戰之因應須由其他管理面著手 4. 組織規模及資源豐沛程度可能影響國際化生產挑戰之因應方式與有效性 5. 以供應鏈流程因應國際化生產挑戰，雖能解決部份問題，但亦可能產生其他問題 6. 企業選址於勞力低廉的地區，亦可能因環境因素，反而提高資本人力比 7. 投資者應以投資國家之地區特性，預期未來之挑戰 8. 風險程度並非為影響企業於該國家之涉入程度之唯一因素 9. 高度垂直整合不僅因應工業發展不足之情事，更可能因此利於發展產品線之廣度。		zh_TW
dc.description.abstract (摘要) Taiwanese Companies had shifted their production base to China in 1990s. In re-cent years, due to changes in international situation, changes in regulations and laws in China, and raising labor wage, Taiwanese companies gradually shifted their produ-ction base again to emerging Southeast Asian countries, especially in Vietnam.
Because of communication technology and Internet progress in 21st century, it has lowered thresholds of internationalization for companies. However, how to build a stable and collaborate supply chain network becomes a key success factor of intern-ationalization. As a result, this research use SCOR model to analyze how Taiwanese companies in Vietnam to respond to internationalized production challenges., and sel-ected representative Taiwanese manufactures in Vietnam as research object. Accord-ing to data collection through literature study, depth interview, and online data colle-ction, this research inducted internationalized production challenges on the basis of ind-ustry features. Moreover, this research collected practical solutions to each challe-nges by cross-industry analysis to offer some suggestions for future investors, which could make them plan supply chain more effective toward internationalized producti-on barriers.
In conclusion, this research confirms several findings as below, 1. Difference of familiar with environment could influence companies’ supply chain process configu-ration and cost structure. 2. Scope of plan process is too broad to analyze which is rel-ated to timing of decision-making. 3. Response to parts of internationalized producti-on challenges should be on management. 4. Size and resource abundance of company could influence response of challenges and its effectiveness. 5. Response to challeng-es on supply chain perspective might cause some problems else. 6. Company might raise its capital-labor ratio in low-wage countries because of environmental factors.
7. Investors should plan challenges by invested region features. 8. Risk is not the only factor to influence commitment of company. 9. High degree of vertical integration could be not only respond to challenges but also benefit to product variety.		en_US
dc.description.tableofcontents 第一章 緒論 1
1.1 研究背景與目的 1
1.2 研究內容 5
第二章 文獻探討 6
2.1 SCOR供應鏈作業參考模型 6
2.2 國際化挑戰 10
第三章 研究方法 14
3.1 研究方法探討 14
3.2 質性研究 15
3.3 研究流程 16
3.4 個案研究 17
第四章 個案討論 27
4.1 個案研究企業－Ａ公司 27
4.2 個案研究企業－Ｂ公司 30
4.3 個案研究企業－Ｃ公司 32
4.4 個案研究企業－Ｄ公司 37
4.5 個案研究企業－Ｅ公司 40
4.6 個案研究企業－Ｆ公司 43
4.7 個案研究企業－Ｇ公司 48
4.8 個案研究企業－Ｈ公司 51
4.9 個案研究企業－Ｉ公司 55
4.10 國際化生產挑戰與因應方針－產業別 57
4.11 以SCOR模型因應國際化生產挑戰 64
第五章 結論與建議 73
5.1 研究發現 73
5.2 管理意涵 76
5.3 研究貢獻 77
5.4 研究限制與研究建議 77
參考文獻 79		zh_TW
dc.format.extent 1522676 bytes-
dc.format.mimetype application/pdf-
dc.source.uri (資料來源) http://thesis.lib.nccu.edu.tw/record/#G0106363072en_US
dc.subject (關鍵詞) 國際化生產挑戰zh_TW
dc.subject (關鍵詞) SCOR模型zh_TW
dc.subject (關鍵詞) 越南臺商zh_TW
dc.subject (關鍵詞) 加工製造業zh_TW
dc.subject (關鍵詞) Internationalized production challengesen_US
dc.subject (關鍵詞) SCOR Modelen_US
dc.subject (關鍵詞) Taiwanese companies in Vietnamen_US
dc.subject (關鍵詞) Manufacturingen_US
dc.title (題名) 以供應鏈角度分析如何因應海外生產之挑戰 - 以越南臺商為例zh_TW
dc.title (題名) Using the Supply Chain Perspective to Analyze Challenges of Oversea Production - Examples of Taiwanese Companies in Vietnamen_US
dc.type (資料類型) thesisen_US
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 一、英文文獻
1. Caniato, F., Golini, R., & Kalchschmidt, M. (2013). The effect of global supply chain configuration on the relationship between supply chain improvement programs and performance. International Journal of Production Economics, 143(2), 285-293.
2. Hülsmann, M., Grapp, J., & Li, Y. (2008). Strategic adaptivity in global supply chains—competitive advantage by autonomous cooperation. International Journal of Production Economics, 114(1), 14-26.
3. Jensen, T., & Sandström, J. (2011). Stakeholder theory and globalization: The challenges of power and responsibility. Organization studies, 32(4), 473-488.
4. Lisa Dorward. APICS Basics of Supply Chain Management ［Web blog message ］. Retrieved from https://smallbusiness.chron.com/apics-basics-supply-chain-management-41462.html
5. Margaret D. LeCompte & Wndy I. Millroy. (1992). The Handbook of qualitative research in education. San Diego, USA: Academic Press
6. Minner, S. (2003). Multiple-supplier inventory models in supply chain management: A review. International Journal of Production Economics, 81, 265-279.
7. Richey, R. G., Hilton, C. B., Harvey, M. G., Beitelspacher, L. S., Tokman, M., & Moeller, M. (2011). Aligning operant resources for global performance: An assessment of supply chain human resource management. Journal of management & organization, 17(3), 364-382.
8. Rugman, A. M. (1978). The international operations of national firms: a study of direct foreign investment.
9. Schultz, T. (1999). Macrologistics Management. Quality Progress, 32(2), 101.
10. Stentoft Arlbjørn, J., & Lüthje, T. (2012). Global operations and their interaction with supply chain performance. Industrial Management & Data Systems, 112(7), 1044-1064.
11. Supply Chain Council. (2012). Supply Chain Operation Reference Model (Revision 11.0). Retrieved from https://docs.huihoo.com/scm/supply-chain-operations-reference-model-r11.0.pdf
12. Taylor, D. H. (Ed.). (1997). Global cases in logistics and supply chain management. Cengage Learning EMEA.
13. Vereecke, A., & Van Dierdonck, R. (2002). The strategic role of the plant: testing Ferdows’s model. International Journal of Operations & Production Management, 22(5), 492-514.
14. Weiler, S. (2010). Strategien zur wirtschaftlichen Gestaltung der globalen Beschaffung. Shaker.
15. Weiler, S., Páez, D., Chun, J. H., Graves, S. C., & Lanza, G. (2011). Supply chain design for the global expansion of manufacturing capacity in emerging markets. CIRP Journal of Manufacturing Science and Technology, 4(3), 265-280.
16. Zaheer, S. (1995). Overcoming the liability of foreignness. Academy of Management journal, 38(2), 341-363.
17. Zayani, M. (2011). Media, cultural diversity and globalization: Challenges and opportunities. Journal of cultural diversity, 18(2), 48.

 
二、中文文獻
1. 中華經濟研究院.（2017）. 2017年對海外投資事業營運狀況調查分析.
2. 中央社.（2019）. 美中貿易戰升溫 外商轉向越南投資【新聞】.
3. 文崇一, 楊國樞.（2011）. 社會及行為科學研究法(下). 台北市：東華書局.
4. 臺灣東南亞國家協會研究中心.（2016）. 臺灣－東協投資統計.
5. 田秀蘭.（2011）. 質性研究的基本概念¬¬¬－研究方法概論. 台北市：國立臺灣師範大學教育心理與輔導學系.
6. 行政院.（2019）. 新南向政策【重要施政成果】.
7. 任凱, 王佳煌.（2005）.質性研究法：社會情境的觀察與分析. 台北市：學富文化.
8. 邱鈺惠.（2017）. SCOR模型研究與探討.
9. 胡幼慧.（2010）. 質性研究：理論、方法及本土女性主義研究實例. 台北市：巨流.
10. 國際貨幣基金組織.（2019）. 世界經濟展望.
11. 博智研究。量化、質化研究【部落格文字資料】.
12. 黃秋霞.（2016）. 淺談量化與質性研究的反思. 臺灣教育評論月刊, 5(9). 149-154.
13. 黃家溱.（2012）. 寬恕的覺悟¬—個案訪談一位榮獲補教師鐸獎教師. 高雄師大學報：教育與社會科學類.
14. 萬文隆.（2004）. 深度訪談在質性研究中的應用. 生活科技教育月刊, 37(4), 17-23.
15. 經濟部投資業務處.（2018）. 越南投資環境簡介.
16. 經濟部投資業務處.（2018）. 臺商對外投資概況.
17. 經濟部投資審議委員會.（2019）. 我國在東協主要國家投資統計表.
18. 駐胡志明市辦事處經濟組.（2018）. 越南經貿暨投資環境參考資料.		zh_TW
dc.identifier.doi (DOI) 10.6814/NCCU201900943en_US