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題名 台灣男性職業流動的世代差異
Cohort Differences in Male Job-Shift Patterns in Taiwan作者 陳慧明
Chen, Hui-Ming貢獻者 張峯彬
Chang, Feng-Bin
陳慧明
Chen, Hui-Ming關鍵詞 世代
代內流動
職業轉換
高教擴張
事件史分析
Cohort
Intra-generational Mobility
Job-Shift
Higher Education Expansion
Event-History Analysis日期 2019 上傳時間 6-Nov-2019 15:29:08 (UTC+8) 摘要 由於傳統研究多半將職業取得視作為靜態的個人成就，而較少關注到個人職涯歷程是由多份工作變動組成。因此有後續研究者建議個人職業轉換過程也應被分析與討論。本文從職業流動的角度，試圖理解台灣不同世代經驗下，男性職業流動所面臨的機會與差異。於此，本研究使用台灣社會變遷調查計畫2017年社會階層組資料，並以Treiman的國際職業聲望量表建構職業流動類型。透過比較1950-1990出生世代職業流動過程，試圖檢驗：一、個人高等教育學歷與任職公司規模是否影響個人職業流動；二、職業流動機會是否存在世代差異；三、高等教育學歷效果是否亦隨世代而有差異。透過分析數據，本文有以下發現：首先，高等教育學歷符合人力資本理論預期，有助於個人向上流動與水平流動。同時，因為大公司具有明確的職涯階梯，使得個人較易獲得向上流動；而在公部門則出現穩定的職業流動模式，較易發生水平流動，但不易向下與向上流動。接著，在世代觀點下越晚出生世代面臨逐漸增加的職業流動風險，可呼應國內教育制度與勞動力市場連結改變的背景，亦符合跨國比較學者提出全球化不穩定性，說明全球化發展使個人職涯傾向頻繁的職業轉換。最後，若進一步檢驗不同世代的高等教育學歷效果，對於越晚出生的世代來說，高等教育學歷對向上流動的助益逐漸減弱。最終本文發現職業流動機會的確存在世代差異，使得近期世代更易發生工作轉換；同時也因高等教育擴張的制度背景，使得近期世代高等教育者在取得向上流動的優勢減弱，此過程亦形塑世代間職業取得的不平等。
The status achievement has long been a crucial issue in social stratification study. However, there has been little study to identify the dynamic process of job-shift patterns and to elaborate the effects of institutional transformation in higher education across different cohorts. Therefore, we address four hypotheses to verify the effect of tertiary education certificate, opportunity structure segmented by firm size and private /public sector, cohort effect, the interaction effects between cohorts and higher education certificate.In this study, we used the job history data from Taiwan Social Change Survey (TSCS) in 2017 and applied event-history analysis with multinomial logit model. The results show that men with higher education certificate or in large firms tend to have higher probabilities of upward mobility. Furthermore, successive cohorts are more likely to change jobs. Meanwhile, successive cohorts with higher education certificates have lower probabilities of upward mobility than the preceding cohort did. According to these results, we argue that different job-shift patterns among cohorts are influenced by institutional changes and global uncertainty. 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New York: Routledge.Yu, Wei-hsin, 2010, "Enduring an economic crisis: The effect of macroeconomic shocks on intragenerational mobility in Japan." Social Science Research 39(6): 1088-1107.──, 2012, "Better off jobless? Scarring effects of contingent employment in Japan." Social Forces 90(3): 735-768.Zhou, Xueguang, 2005, "The institutional logic of occupational prestige ranking: Reconceptualization and reanalyses." American Journal of Sociology 111(1): 90-140. 描述 碩士
國立政治大學
社會學系
105254002資料來源 http://thesis.lib.nccu.edu.tw/record/#G0105254002 資料類型 thesis dc.contributor.advisor 張峯彬 zh_TW dc.contributor.advisor Chang, Feng-Bin en_US dc.contributor.author (Authors) 陳慧明 zh_TW dc.contributor.author (Authors) Chen, Hui-Ming en_US dc.creator (作者) 陳慧明 zh_TW dc.creator (作者) Chen, Hui-Ming en_US dc.date (日期) 2019 en_US dc.date.accessioned 6-Nov-2019 15:29:08 (UTC+8) - dc.date.available 6-Nov-2019 15:29:08 (UTC+8) - dc.date.issued (上傳時間) 6-Nov-2019 15:29:08 (UTC+8) - dc.identifier (Other Identifiers) G0105254002 en_US dc.identifier.uri (URI) http://nccur.lib.nccu.edu.tw/handle/140.119/127223 - dc.description (描述) 碩士 zh_TW dc.description (描述) 國立政治大學 zh_TW dc.description (描述) 社會學系 zh_TW dc.description (描述) 105254002 zh_TW dc.description.abstract (摘要) 由於傳統研究多半將職業取得視作為靜態的個人成就，而較少關注到個人職涯歷程是由多份工作變動組成。因此有後續研究者建議個人職業轉換過程也應被分析與討論。本文從職業流動的角度，試圖理解台灣不同世代經驗下，男性職業流動所面臨的機會與差異。於此，本研究使用台灣社會變遷調查計畫2017年社會階層組資料，並以Treiman的國際職業聲望量表建構職業流動類型。透過比較1950-1990出生世代職業流動過程，試圖檢驗：一、個人高等教育學歷與任職公司規模是否影響個人職業流動；二、職業流動機會是否存在世代差異；三、高等教育學歷效果是否亦隨世代而有差異。透過分析數據，本文有以下發現：首先，高等教育學歷符合人力資本理論預期，有助於個人向上流動與水平流動。同時，因為大公司具有明確的職涯階梯，使得個人較易獲得向上流動；而在公部門則出現穩定的職業流動模式，較易發生水平流動，但不易向下與向上流動。接著，在世代觀點下越晚出生世代面臨逐漸增加的職業流動風險，可呼應國內教育制度與勞動力市場連結改變的背景，亦符合跨國比較學者提出全球化不穩定性，說明全球化發展使個人職涯傾向頻繁的職業轉換。最後，若進一步檢驗不同世代的高等教育學歷效果，對於越晚出生的世代來說，高等教育學歷對向上流動的助益逐漸減弱。最終本文發現職業流動機會的確存在世代差異，使得近期世代更易發生工作轉換；同時也因高等教育擴張的制度背景，使得近期世代高等教育者在取得向上流動的優勢減弱，此過程亦形塑世代間職業取得的不平等。 zh_TW dc.description.abstract (摘要) The status achievement has long been a crucial issue in social stratification study. However, there has been little study to identify the dynamic process of job-shift patterns and to elaborate the effects of institutional transformation in higher education across different cohorts. Therefore, we address four hypotheses to verify the effect of tertiary education certificate, opportunity structure segmented by firm size and private /public sector, cohort effect, the interaction effects between cohorts and higher education certificate.In this study, we used the job history data from Taiwan Social Change Survey (TSCS) in 2017 and applied event-history analysis with multinomial logit model. The results show that men with higher education certificate or in large firms tend to have higher probabilities of upward mobility. Furthermore, successive cohorts are more likely to change jobs. Meanwhile, successive cohorts with higher education certificates have lower probabilities of upward mobility than the preceding cohort did. According to these results, we argue that different job-shift patterns among cohorts are influenced by institutional changes and global uncertainty. Such cohort experiences then lead to inequality among cohorts nowadays. en_US dc.description.tableofcontents 目 錄第一章 緒論 1第二章 文獻探討 8第一節 職業取得的人力資源與機會結構 8第二節 教育-勞動力市場制度背景下的職業流動過程 10第三節 高等教育報酬的世代差異 13第三章 研究方法 17第一節 資料來源 17第二節 變項測量 18第三節 分析方法 23第四節 研究策略 24第五節 研究限制 25第四章 研究發現 27第一節 描述統計 27第二節 職業流動類型的存活分析 29第三節 職業流動類型的多元邏輯迴歸結果 31第五章 結論與討論 43第一節 結論 43第二節 討論與研究展望 46參考書目 47附錄 56 zh_TW dc.format.extent 2602167 bytes - dc.format.mimetype application/pdf - dc.source.uri (資料來源) http://thesis.lib.nccu.edu.tw/record/#G0105254002 en_US dc.subject (關鍵詞) 世代 zh_TW dc.subject (關鍵詞) 代內流動 zh_TW dc.subject (關鍵詞) 職業轉換 zh_TW dc.subject (關鍵詞) 高教擴張 zh_TW dc.subject (關鍵詞) 事件史分析 zh_TW dc.subject (關鍵詞) Cohort en_US dc.subject (關鍵詞) Intra-generational Mobility en_US dc.subject (關鍵詞) Job-Shift en_US dc.subject (關鍵詞) Higher Education Expansion en_US dc.subject (關鍵詞) Event-History Analysis en_US dc.title (題名) 台灣男性職業流動的世代差異 zh_TW dc.title (題名) Cohort Differences in Male Job-Shift Patterns in Taiwan en_US dc.type (資料類型) thesis en_US dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 參考書目一、官方資料行政院主計總處，1998、2003、2008、2013、2018，<人力運用調查報告>。https://www.dgbas.gov.tw/lp.asp?CtNode=4987&CtUnit=1183&BaseDSD=7&mp=1，取用日期：2019年4月1日。──，2019，<國民所得統計常用資料>。http://statdb.dgbas.gov.tw/pxweb/Dialog/NI.asp?mp=4，取用日期：2019年4月1日。教育部統計處，2019，<歷年校數、教師、職員、班級、學生及畢業生數>。http://stats.moe.gov.tw/files/main_statistics/seriesdata.xls，取用日期：2019年4月1日。二、中文文獻李易駿、古允文，2007，<機會開放或結構限制？台灣青年從學校到職場轉銜過程中的Yo-Yo現象>。《台灣社會研究季刊》(67)：105-152。柯志哲、張珮青，2014，<區隔的勞動市場？：探討臺灣典型與非典型工作者的工作流動與薪資差異>。《臺灣社會學刊》(55)：127-177。翁康容、張峰彬，2011，<高等教育擴張後學校到職場的轉銜：學用之間的反思>。《社會科學論叢》5(1)：1-37。國家發展委員會，2019，<臺灣經濟發展歷程與策略>。https://www.ndc.gov.tw/News.aspx?n=2FCE778D5736A84E&sms=2597E3A78A9C1482，取用日期：2019年7月15日。張宜君，2017，<高等教育報酬的世代差異：勞動市場結構轉型的影響>。《臺灣教育社會學研究》17(1)：87-139。張峰彬，2013，<婚育溢酬或懲罰？－家庭生命週期與公司內權威晉陞之性別差異>。《臺灣社會學刊》(53)：1-53。張峰彬、關秉寅，2012，<高教擴張、失業與主觀社會地位變遷>。頁63-92，收錄於謝雨生、傅仰止編，《臺灣的社會變遷1985~2005：社會階層與勞動市場》。臺北：中央研究院社會研究所。張晉芬、李奕慧，2001，<台灣中高齡離職者的勞動參與和再就業：對台汽與中石化的事件史分析>。《台灣社會學》(1)：113-147。莊奕琦、賴偉文，2011，<不同世代下之教育報酬與能力差異>。《經濟論文叢刊》39(1)：81-113。莊致嘉，2010，<多多益善？教育、年資與企業規模對生涯流動的影響>。《台灣教育社會學研究》10(2)：85-123。──，2016，<高等教育擴張與金融危機之後的就業型態和就業風險變遷之探討>。《教育政策與管理》(1)：109-132。陳怡靖、黃毅志，2011，<學科補習、社會資本、文化資本與高中多元入學關係之研究>。《教育研究學報》45(2)：87-111。傅仰止，2018，<台灣社會變遷基本調查計畫2017第七期第三次：社會階層組(C00339_1)【原始數據】>。取自中央研究院人文社會科學研究中心調查研究專題中心學術調查研究資料庫。doi:10.6141/TW-SRDA-C00339_1-2。彭莉惠、熊瑞梅、紀金山，2011，<臺灣高等教育擴張對職業成就的影響：世代、性別、性別化科系與初職社經地位的取得>。《臺灣教育社會學研究》11(2)：47-85。游美惠、柯伯昇，2008，<國小校長職位晉遷的事件史分析：性別和家庭照顧責任的探討>。《臺灣社會學刊》(40)：45-88。黃毅志，2011，《台灣的教育分流：勞力市場階層結構與地位取得》。台北：心理。蔡瑞明、林大森，2002，<滾石不生苔？台灣勞力市場中的工作經歷對薪資的影響>。《台灣社會學刊》29：57-95。駱明慶，2018，<誰是台大學生？(2001-2014)-多元入學的影響>。《經濟論文叢刊》46(1)：47-95。謝國雄，1990，<黑手變頭家－台灣製造業中的階級流動>。《台灣社會研究季刊》2(2)：11-54。Beck, Ulrich 著、汪浩譯，2004/1986，《風險社會：通往另一個現代的路上》。臺北：巨流。(Beck, Ulrich 1986, Risikogesellschaft: Auf dem Weg in eine andere Moderne. 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