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題名 試論《電動汽車安全全球技術法規》是否為WTO《技術性貿易障礙協定》下之國際標準
Legal Analysis on Whether the Global Technical Regulation on Electric Vehicle Safety is an International Standard under WTO TBT Agreement作者 林玫君
Lin, Mei-Chun貢獻者 施文真
Shin, Wen-Chen
林玫君
Lin, Mei-Chun關鍵詞 電動車
技術性貿易障礙協定
國際標準
電動汽車安全全球技術法規
Electric Vehicles
TBT Agreement
International Standard
EVS-GTR日期 2020 上傳時間 2-Mar-2020 10:58:42 (UTC+8) 摘要 由於全球氣候暖化，各國致力減少二氧化碳之排放，紛紛祭出電動汽車產業發展政策。惟車輛生產與貿易過程中，時常因技術及法規差異而形成貿易障礙，製造商須耗費大量成本及時間遵循各國不同規範，對汽車產業發展及貿易形成不利影響。2018年3月14日，世界車輛法規協調論壇通過《電動汽車安全全球技術法規》，其乃由美國、歐盟、日本與中國共同帶頭制定，為第一個專門規範電動車安全的技術性法規，內容主要針對車輛性能訂有規範，同時也規定電動汽車滿足安全性能要求的試驗方法。世界貿易組織訂有《技術性貿易障礙協定》，該協定規範目的在於進一步實踐《1994年關稅暨貿易總協定》之目標，消弭技術性法規或標準所形成的貿易障礙。《電動汽車安全全球技術法規》為全球第一個針對電動車安全技術制定之法規，目的在於調和國際上不同體系之安全技術法規，具有重要意義。本文將從《技術性貿易障礙協定》相關條文、技術性貿易障礙委員會相關文件、爭端解決機構之報告、世界車輛法規協調論壇官方資料等文獻進行研究，分析《電動汽車安全全球技術法規》是否符合《技術性貿易障礙協定》下「國際標準」定義，藉此了解該技術法規是否可達到推展國際貿易之目的，消弭因法規差異而衍生之貿易障礙。
Due to the global warming, countries are committed to reducing CO2 emissions, developing some policies for promoting the electric vehicle industry. However, during the production and the trade of vehicles, the differences of the techniques and the regulations often result in trade barriers. Manufacturers have to spend a lot of cost and time to follow different regulations in various countries, which adversely affects the development of the automotive industry and the trade between countries. On March 14, 2018, WP.29 adopted the “Global Technical Regulations on the Safety of Electric Vehicles (EVS-GTR)”, which was jointly developed by the United States, the European Union, Japan, and China. It is the first technical regulation specifically regulating the safety of electric vehicles. It’s mainly related to performance requirement of the electric vehicles and some test procedures for meeting the safety performance requirements of electric vehicles.WTO TBT Agreement aims to further implement the objectives of the GATT 1994 and eliminate trade barriers resulted from technical regulations or standards. EVS-GTR is the first regulation related to the safety techniques of electric vehicles in the world. It plays an important role since the purpose is to harmonize the safety technical regulations between FMVSS and ECE. This thesis will analyze whether the EVS-GTR is the international standard under the TBT Agreement through the relevant provisions of the TBT Agreement, relevant documents of the TBT Committee, reports of the WTO Dispute Settlement Body and official information from the WP.29. After that, we will know whether the EVS-GTR will achieve the purpose of promoting international trade, and whether the EVS-GTR eliminate trade barriers resulted from the differences of the regulations of electric vehicles.參考文獻 中文部分書籍：車輛研究測試中心，電動車安全入門，初版，頁11（2015年）。林彩瑜，WTO制度與實務，二版，頁172（2013年）。洪德欽，WTO法律與政策專題研究，二版，頁23（2013年）。楊培侃，從WTO「澳洲—菸品素面包裝案」論必要性與合理性作為合法政策空間之衡量標準，收於：楊光華編，第十九屆國際經貿法學發展學術研討會論文集，頁299（2019年）。期刊：陳信志，台灣智慧電動車推動現況與政策方向，車輛研測資訊，104期，頁19（2015年）。法律條文：貨物稅條例，第12-3條。使用牌照稅法，第5條。網際網路：吳湘平，APEC 電動車標準合作促進機制對話會議報導，車安通訊季刊，2014年，網址：http://vsccdms.vscc.org.tw/webfile/Epaper/500000152/File/4a03a8db-a28b-4940-ab13-e19850be3706.pdf（最後瀏覽日：2020年1月4日）。吳湘平，第16屆APEC汽車對話會議(Automotive Dialogue)報告，車輛安全審驗中心，網址：http://vsccdms.vscc.org.tw/webfile/Epaper/500000083/File/213bdc2b-815d-4690-86fa-e55c81916ffe.pdf（最後瀏覽日：2018年10月22日）。施冠廷，電動車輛電池系統的驗證與測試，車輛研究測試中心，網址：https://www.artc.org.tw/upfiles/ADUpload/knowledge/tw_knowledge_530087054.pdf（最後瀏覽日：2020年1月4日）。財團法人車輛研究測試中心，電動車法規現況，財團法人車輛研究測試中心，2012年，網址：https://www.artc.org.tw/chinese/03_service/03_02detail.aspx?pid=2115（最後瀏覽日：2019年3月20日）。陳彥亨、黃敬洲，FMVSS 108 及E-MARK法規來源之介紹，車輛研究測試中心，網址：https://www.artc.org.tw/chinese/03_service/03_02detail.aspx?pid=1642（最後瀏覽日：2018年10月22日）。新華網，我國等牽頭制定的電動汽車安全全球技術法規獲表決通過，新華網，2018年3月21日，網址：http://www.xinhuanet.com/2018-03/21/c_1122570563.htm（最後瀏覽日：2019年12月28日）。潘姿羽，禁售燃油車 賴清德：解決空污兼顧能源轉型，中央社，2018年5月9日，網址：https://www.cna.com.tw/news/afe/201805090072.aspx（最後瀏覽日：2020年1月4日）。鄭有青，談電動車觸電安全，車輛研究測試中心，網址：https://www.artc.org.tw/upfiles/ADUpload/knowledge/tw_knowledge_401927031.pdf（最後瀏覽日：2019年12月27日）。 英文部分書籍：MICHAEL J. 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Working Groups Addressing the Safety and Environmental Requirements for Electric Vehicles to Enhance Regulatory Cooperation Including Developing Global Technical Regulations in the Framework of the 1998 Agreement, at 2, WP.29-155-38 (Nov. 18, 2011), https://www.unece.org/fileadmin/DAM/trans/main/wp29/WP29-155-38e.pdf.UNECE, (representatives of the European Union, Japan and United States of America) Proposal for establishing two informal working groups addressing the safety and environmental requirements for electric vehicles to enhance regulatory cooperation including developing global technical regulations in the framework of the 1998 Agreement, at 7, ECE/TRANS/WP.29/2012/36 (Dec 26, 1011), https://www.unece.org/fileadmin/DAM/trans/doc/2012/wp29/ECE-TRANS-WP29-2012-36e.pdf.UNECE, (USA) Terms of Reference of the Informal Working Group on Electric Vehicle Safety, at 2, ECE/TRANS/WP.29/2012/121 (July 24, 2012), 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國立政治大學
國際經營與貿易學系
106351041資料來源 http://thesis.lib.nccu.edu.tw/record/#G0106351041 資料類型 thesis dc.contributor.advisor 施文真 zh_TW dc.contributor.advisor Shin, Wen-Chen en_US dc.contributor.author (Authors) 林玫君 zh_TW dc.contributor.author (Authors) Lin, Mei-Chun en_US dc.creator (作者) 林玫君 zh_TW dc.creator (作者) Lin, Mei-Chun en_US dc.date (日期) 2020 en_US dc.date.accessioned 2-Mar-2020 10:58:42 (UTC+8) - dc.date.available 2-Mar-2020 10:58:42 (UTC+8) - dc.date.issued (上傳時間) 2-Mar-2020 10:58:42 (UTC+8) - dc.identifier (Other Identifiers) G0106351041 en_US dc.identifier.uri (URI) http://nccur.lib.nccu.edu.tw/handle/140.119/128775 - dc.description (描述) 碩士 zh_TW dc.description (描述) 國立政治大學 zh_TW dc.description (描述) 國際經營與貿易學系 zh_TW dc.description (描述) 106351041 zh_TW dc.description.abstract (摘要) 由於全球氣候暖化，各國致力減少二氧化碳之排放，紛紛祭出電動汽車產業發展政策。惟車輛生產與貿易過程中，時常因技術及法規差異而形成貿易障礙，製造商須耗費大量成本及時間遵循各國不同規範，對汽車產業發展及貿易形成不利影響。2018年3月14日，世界車輛法規協調論壇通過《電動汽車安全全球技術法規》，其乃由美國、歐盟、日本與中國共同帶頭制定，為第一個專門規範電動車安全的技術性法規，內容主要針對車輛性能訂有規範，同時也規定電動汽車滿足安全性能要求的試驗方法。世界貿易組織訂有《技術性貿易障礙協定》，該協定規範目的在於進一步實踐《1994年關稅暨貿易總協定》之目標，消弭技術性法規或標準所形成的貿易障礙。《電動汽車安全全球技術法規》為全球第一個針對電動車安全技術制定之法規，目的在於調和國際上不同體系之安全技術法規，具有重要意義。本文將從《技術性貿易障礙協定》相關條文、技術性貿易障礙委員會相關文件、爭端解決機構之報告、世界車輛法規協調論壇官方資料等文獻進行研究，分析《電動汽車安全全球技術法規》是否符合《技術性貿易障礙協定》下「國際標準」定義，藉此了解該技術法規是否可達到推展國際貿易之目的，消弭因法規差異而衍生之貿易障礙。 zh_TW dc.description.abstract (摘要) Due to the global warming, countries are committed to reducing CO2 emissions, developing some policies for promoting the electric vehicle industry. However, during the production and the trade of vehicles, the differences of the techniques and the regulations often result in trade barriers. Manufacturers have to spend a lot of cost and time to follow different regulations in various countries, which adversely affects the development of the automotive industry and the trade between countries. On March 14, 2018, WP.29 adopted the “Global Technical Regulations on the Safety of Electric Vehicles (EVS-GTR)”, which was jointly developed by the United States, the European Union, Japan, and China. It is the first technical regulation specifically regulating the safety of electric vehicles. It’s mainly related to performance requirement of the electric vehicles and some test procedures for meeting the safety performance requirements of electric vehicles.WTO TBT Agreement aims to further implement the objectives of the GATT 1994 and eliminate trade barriers resulted from technical regulations or standards. EVS-GTR is the first regulation related to the safety techniques of electric vehicles in the world. It plays an important role since the purpose is to harmonize the safety technical regulations between FMVSS and ECE. This thesis will analyze whether the EVS-GTR is the international standard under the TBT Agreement through the relevant provisions of the TBT Agreement, relevant documents of the TBT Committee, reports of the WTO Dispute Settlement Body and official information from the WP.29. After that, we will know whether the EVS-GTR will achieve the purpose of promoting international trade, and whether the EVS-GTR eliminate trade barriers resulted from the differences of the regulations of electric vehicles. en_US dc.description.tableofcontents 第一章 緒論 1第一節 研究背景與動機 1第二節 研究目的與研究架構 3第三節 研究方法與研究限制 4第二章 電動車介紹、推動政策與《電動汽車安全全球技術法規》 6第一節 電動車之定義、類型、推動政策及爭議 6第一項、電動車之定義及類型 6第二項、電動車產業之推動政策 7第三項、電動車產業之推動所引發的相關爭議 10第二節 世界車輛法規協調論壇 12第一項、世界車輛法規協調論壇之成立背景 12第二項、世界車輛法規協調論壇之會員資格 13第三項、世界車輛法規協調論壇之職權範圍及組織架構 15第四項、世界車輛法規協調論壇之法規訂立程序 16第一款、提案工作及法規行動計畫的引入 17第二款、世界車輛法規協調論壇之工作議程 17第三款、技術法規的制定 17第四款、世界車輛法規協調論壇的審查及建議 18第五款、聯合國法規、全球技術法規與規則之建立或通過與聯合國法規之修改 19第三節 《電動汽車安全全球技術法規》 21第一項、《電動汽車安全全球技術法規》緣起與背景 21第二項、《電動汽車安全全球技術法規》訂定過程 22第三項、《電動汽車安全全球技術法規》技術內容簡介 24第三章 技術性貿易障礙協定下之國際標準 26第一節 技術性貿易障礙協定下國際標準之重要性 26第二節 技術性貿易障礙協定下國際標準規定 27第一項、國際標準定義 27第二項、技術性貿易障礙委員會中針對國際標準之提案、討論與決議 29第一款、會員於技術性貿易障礙委員會中針對國際標準機構之提案及討論 30第二款、有關國際標準之技術性貿易障礙委員會決議 31第三款、技術性貿易障礙委員會決議之地位 33第三節 技術性貿易障礙協定下國際標準相關爭端解決案例 34第一項、涉及國際標準之相關爭端解決案件事實背景 35第二項、是否為技術性貿易障礙協定下之「標準」 38第三項、標準是否為國際標準機構所制定及／或採納 44第四項、標準是否公諸於眾 46第四節、學者對國際標準定義之建議 46第四章 《電動汽車安全全球技術法規》是否為《技術性貿易障礙協定》下之國際標準 48第一節 《電動汽車安全全球技術法規》是否為《技術性貿易障礙協定》下之「標準」 48第二節 《電動汽車安全全球技術法規》是否為國際標準機構所制定及／或採納 53第三節 《電動汽車安全全球技術法規》是否公諸於眾 57第四節 小結 58第五章 結論與展望 59參考文獻 62 zh_TW dc.format.extent 1046813 bytes - dc.format.mimetype application/pdf - dc.source.uri (資料來源) http://thesis.lib.nccu.edu.tw/record/#G0106351041 en_US dc.subject (關鍵詞) 電動車 zh_TW dc.subject (關鍵詞) 技術性貿易障礙協定 zh_TW dc.subject (關鍵詞) 國際標準 zh_TW dc.subject (關鍵詞) 電動汽車安全全球技術法規 zh_TW dc.subject (關鍵詞) Electric Vehicles en_US dc.subject (關鍵詞) TBT Agreement en_US dc.subject (關鍵詞) International Standard en_US dc.subject (關鍵詞) EVS-GTR en_US dc.title (題名) 試論《電動汽車安全全球技術法規》是否為WTO《技術性貿易障礙協定》下之國際標準 zh_TW dc.title (題名) Legal Analysis on Whether the Global Technical Regulation on Electric Vehicle Safety is an International Standard under WTO TBT Agreement en_US dc.type (資料類型) thesis en_US dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 中文部分書籍：車輛研究測試中心，電動車安全入門，初版，頁11（2015年）。林彩瑜，WTO制度與實務，二版，頁172（2013年）。洪德欽，WTO法律與政策專題研究，二版，頁23（2013年）。楊培侃，從WTO「澳洲—菸品素面包裝案」論必要性與合理性作為合法政策空間之衡量標準，收於：楊光華編，第十九屆國際經貿法學發展學術研討會論文集，頁299（2019年）。期刊：陳信志，台灣智慧電動車推動現況與政策方向，車輛研測資訊，104期，頁19（2015年）。法律條文：貨物稅條例，第12-3條。使用牌照稅法，第5條。網際網路：吳湘平，APEC 電動車標準合作促進機制對話會議報導，車安通訊季刊，2014年，網址：http://vsccdms.vscc.org.tw/webfile/Epaper/500000152/File/4a03a8db-a28b-4940-ab13-e19850be3706.pdf（最後瀏覽日：2020年1月4日）。吳湘平，第16屆APEC汽車對話會議(Automotive Dialogue)報告，車輛安全審驗中心，網址：http://vsccdms.vscc.org.tw/webfile/Epaper/500000083/File/213bdc2b-815d-4690-86fa-e55c81916ffe.pdf（最後瀏覽日：2018年10月22日）。施冠廷，電動車輛電池系統的驗證與測試，車輛研究測試中心，網址：https://www.artc.org.tw/upfiles/ADUpload/knowledge/tw_knowledge_530087054.pdf（最後瀏覽日：2020年1月4日）。財團法人車輛研究測試中心，電動車法規現況，財團法人車輛研究測試中心，2012年，網址：https://www.artc.org.tw/chinese/03_service/03_02detail.aspx?pid=2115（最後瀏覽日：2019年3月20日）。陳彥亨、黃敬洲，FMVSS 108 及E-MARK法規來源之介紹，車輛研究測試中心，網址：https://www.artc.org.tw/chinese/03_service/03_02detail.aspx?pid=1642（最後瀏覽日：2018年10月22日）。新華網，我國等牽頭制定的電動汽車安全全球技術法規獲表決通過，新華網，2018年3月21日，網址：http://www.xinhuanet.com/2018-03/21/c_1122570563.htm（最後瀏覽日：2019年12月28日）。潘姿羽，禁售燃油車 賴清德：解決空污兼顧能源轉型，中央社，2018年5月9日，網址：https://www.cna.com.tw/news/afe/201805090072.aspx（最後瀏覽日：2020年1月4日）。鄭有青，談電動車觸電安全，車輛研究測試中心，網址：https://www.artc.org.tw/upfiles/ADUpload/knowledge/tw_knowledge_401927031.pdf（最後瀏覽日：2019年12月27日）。 英文部分書籍：MICHAEL J. 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