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題名 伊比鳩魯的非寂靜主義政治學
The Non–Quietist Politics of Epicurus作者 郭大維
Kuo, Da-Wei貢獻者 林遠澤
Lin, Yuan-Tse
郭大維
Kuo, Da-Wei關鍵詞 感受
快樂
友誼
直言
共同體
不受注目的活著
助推
Emotion (pathē)
Pleasure (hēdonē)
Friendship (philia)
Rank criticism (parresia)
Community
Live unnoticed (lathē biōsas)
Nudge日期 2020 上傳時間 2-三月-2020 11:10:47 (UTC+8) 摘要 伊比鳩魯的享樂主義倫理學歷來被視為一種不參與公共事務的政治寂靜主義，這種詮釋體現於西塞羅、蒲魯塔克等人對他政治思想的批判中。本論文重新檢視伊比鳩魯的經典，進而藉著以感覺（aisthesis）與直接感受（pathē）為基礎的準則學，以及導向個體真快樂的倫理學，重新詮釋其政治思想，說明伊比鳩魯主義不僅不是一種政治非寂靜主義，更有積極面對公共事務的可能性。本論文論證，首先，在準則學的觀照下，伊比鳩魯的快樂具有階層性，個體的快樂與群體不僅不衝突，並且有助於個體靈魂操練。其次，他為欲望療癒而建立的友誼花園，提供對個體感受與必要欲望的引導，並發展其特殊的靈魂引導學。第三，如此及至公共事務，依循其格言「不受注目的活著」（lathē biōsas），就不會是大規模、強而有力地實現他的政治理想，而是在人的感受基礎下，建立一種空間，使得快樂觀念易於隱性地傳遞，社會中不論是否支持伊比鳩魯主義之人皆可適當享受快樂。最後，本論文說明伊比鳩魯主義政治思想對現代世界的影響，包含現代法政思想、效益主義，以及正向心理學。而後在與泰樂和桑斯坦的「助推」比較下，一方面說明伊比鳩魯政治思想的可行性，另一方面，伊比鳩魯所提供的人性論基礎，也提供助推免於工具理性批判的可能性。
Epicurus’ hedonist ethics has often been viewed as a form of political quietism that refuses to engage in public affairs. This interpretation can be found stated explicitly in Cicero’s and Plutarch’s critique of his political thought.This dissertation will re-examine the writings of Epicurus and re-interpret his political thought through his canonics, which is based on sense-perception (aisthesis) and direct emotion (pathē), and his ethics, which leads each individual to their true pleasure. This dissertation will argue that Epicureanism is not a form of political quietism, but has the potential for a positive engagement in public affairs.This dissertation will argue, firstly, in light of his canonics, Epicurus’ theory of pleasure is multileveled. Therefore, the good of others is not in conflict with the pleasure of the individual, but is a necessity for personal spiritual exercises. Secondly, the garden of friendship which he founded for the therapy of desires provides guidance for the emotions and the necessary desires of each individual, and develops its particular psychagogy. Thirdly, as for politics, Epicurus has no intention of realizing his maxim “live unnoticed (lathē biōsas)” on a large social scale forcibly, but instead, he opens up an area that is based on human emotions wherein the ideas of pleasure can spread easily and covertly, so that those who live in the community, whether or not they are Epicureans, could enjoy pleasure appropriately.Finally, this dissertation explains the influences that Epicureanism has on the modern world, including modern ideas of law and politics, utilitarianism, and positive psychology. This dissertation will also compare Epicureanism with Richard Thaler and Cass Sunstein’s Nudge. This dissertation will demonstrate, on the one hand, the practicability of Epicurean’s political thought, and, on the other hand, the theory of human nature provided by the Epicureans can provide a supplement to Nudge that could prevent it from being criticized as a form of instrumental reason.參考文獻 古代典籍Aristotle. Metaphysics, book I-IX. Translated by H. Tredennick, Cambridge Mass.: Harvard University Press, 1996.————. Metaphysics, book X-XIV, Oeconomica, Magna Moralia. Translated by H. Tredennick and G. Armstrong. London: Harvard University Press, 1996.————. The Nicomachean Ethics. Translated by H. Rackham. Cambridge Mass.: Harvard University Press, 1999.————. On the Soul, Parva Naturalia, On Breath. Translated by W. S. Hett, London: Harvard University Press, 2000.————. Politics. translated by H. Rackham. Cambridge Mass.: Harvard University Press, 1944.————. The “Art” of Retoric. translated by John Henry Freese. Cambridge Mass.: Harvard University Press, 1994.Cicero, M. Tullius. 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國立政治大學
哲學系
99154501資料來源 http://thesis.lib.nccu.edu.tw/record/#G0099154501 資料類型 thesis dc.contributor.advisor 林遠澤 zh_TW dc.contributor.advisor Lin, Yuan-Tse en_US dc.contributor.author (作者) 郭大維 zh_TW dc.contributor.author (作者) Kuo, Da-Wei en_US dc.creator (作者) 郭大維 zh_TW dc.creator (作者) Kuo, Da-Wei en_US dc.date (日期) 2020 en_US dc.date.accessioned 2-三月-2020 11:10:47 (UTC+8) - dc.date.available 2-三月-2020 11:10:47 (UTC+8) - dc.date.issued (上傳時間) 2-三月-2020 11:10:47 (UTC+8) - dc.identifier (其他 識別碼) G0099154501 en_US dc.identifier.uri (URI) http://nccur.lib.nccu.edu.tw/handle/140.119/128847 - dc.description (描述) 博士 zh_TW dc.description (描述) 國立政治大學 zh_TW dc.description (描述) 哲學系 zh_TW dc.description (描述) 99154501 zh_TW dc.description.abstract (摘要) 伊比鳩魯的享樂主義倫理學歷來被視為一種不參與公共事務的政治寂靜主義，這種詮釋體現於西塞羅、蒲魯塔克等人對他政治思想的批判中。本論文重新檢視伊比鳩魯的經典，進而藉著以感覺（aisthesis）與直接感受（pathē）為基礎的準則學，以及導向個體真快樂的倫理學，重新詮釋其政治思想，說明伊比鳩魯主義不僅不是一種政治非寂靜主義，更有積極面對公共事務的可能性。本論文論證，首先，在準則學的觀照下，伊比鳩魯的快樂具有階層性，個體的快樂與群體不僅不衝突，並且有助於個體靈魂操練。其次，他為欲望療癒而建立的友誼花園，提供對個體感受與必要欲望的引導，並發展其特殊的靈魂引導學。第三，如此及至公共事務，依循其格言「不受注目的活著」（lathē biōsas），就不會是大規模、強而有力地實現他的政治理想，而是在人的感受基礎下，建立一種空間，使得快樂觀念易於隱性地傳遞，社會中不論是否支持伊比鳩魯主義之人皆可適當享受快樂。最後，本論文說明伊比鳩魯主義政治思想對現代世界的影響，包含現代法政思想、效益主義，以及正向心理學。而後在與泰樂和桑斯坦的「助推」比較下，一方面說明伊比鳩魯政治思想的可行性，另一方面，伊比鳩魯所提供的人性論基礎，也提供助推免於工具理性批判的可能性。 zh_TW dc.description.abstract (摘要) Epicurus’ hedonist ethics has often been viewed as a form of political quietism that refuses to engage in public affairs. This interpretation can be found stated explicitly in Cicero’s and Plutarch’s critique of his political thought.This dissertation will re-examine the writings of Epicurus and re-interpret his political thought through his canonics, which is based on sense-perception (aisthesis) and direct emotion (pathē), and his ethics, which leads each individual to their true pleasure. This dissertation will argue that Epicureanism is not a form of political quietism, but has the potential for a positive engagement in public affairs.This dissertation will argue, firstly, in light of his canonics, Epicurus’ theory of pleasure is multileveled. Therefore, the good of others is not in conflict with the pleasure of the individual, but is a necessity for personal spiritual exercises. Secondly, the garden of friendship which he founded for the therapy of desires provides guidance for the emotions and the necessary desires of each individual, and develops its particular psychagogy. Thirdly, as for politics, Epicurus has no intention of realizing his maxim “live unnoticed (lathē biōsas)” on a large social scale forcibly, but instead, he opens up an area that is based on human emotions wherein the ideas of pleasure can spread easily and covertly, so that those who live in the community, whether or not they are Epicureans, could enjoy pleasure appropriately.Finally, this dissertation explains the influences that Epicureanism has on the modern world, including modern ideas of law and politics, utilitarianism, and positive psychology. This dissertation will also compare Epicureanism with Richard Thaler and Cass Sunstein’s Nudge. This dissertation will demonstrate, on the one hand, the practicability of Epicurean’s political thought, and, on the other hand, the theory of human nature provided by the Epicureans can provide a supplement to Nudge that could prevent it from being criticized as a form of instrumental reason. en_US dc.description.tableofcontents 致謝詞 1摘要 2目錄 4古代典籍縮寫表 6導論 7第一章 感覺、倫理與他人 37第一節 準則學的規範 37準則作為認識之判準 38直接感受作為準則 41第二節 快樂、幸福與自足 47幸福：諸神或個人 47面對恐懼：諸神與死亡 51欲望與權衡：苦樂交雜的快樂 55純然無雜的快樂：自由與實踐智慧 59小結：自然學觀照下的快樂階層 65第三節 工夫、他人與引導 67正向工夫論：伊比鳩魯與德謨克利特 68純粹的享樂：居樂尼派與伊比鳩魯 72享樂與痛苦：論居樂尼派後學 75居樂尼派的反伊比鳩魯論證 77第二章 伊比鳩魯的友誼 81第一節 友誼與效益 81友誼起源之爭：效益或他人 81效益作為可共量之基礎 87伊比鳩魯的積極性友誼觀 90第二節 友誼與不朽 96伊比鳩魯論「不朽」？ 97友誼、感謝與不朽 100第三節 求真的友誼共同體 107論直言中的伊比鳩魯群體 110教師的態度與作為 113對象的態度與直言的有效性 118不同處置模式與效果 124伊比鳩魯主義的其他治療策略 129小結：重視感受與求真的群體治療 133第三章 伊比鳩魯論政治社會 135第一節 正義的自然與協定 135正義的本質與文明的構成 136正義與個體交往 143第二節 正義與心靈寧靜 148追求個體寧靜的賢人與共同體規範 148革命與心靈寧靜 151第三節 不受注目的活著 157不受注目與參與公共 158伊比鳩魯的非理想國 165第四章 如果伊比鳩魯在今天？ 169第一節 伊比鳩魯主義如何影響現代社會 169伊比鳩魯主義與早期現代 171伊比鳩魯主義與正向心理學 175第二節 快樂與效益 180彌爾論效益 181自由的限度 185彌爾與伊比鳩魯之比較 187第三節 助推的政治 190助推與普通人的快樂 190伊比鳩魯如何面對共同體騷亂 197結論 201參考資料 205 zh_TW dc.format.extent 2282222 bytes - dc.format.mimetype application/pdf - dc.source.uri (資料來源) http://thesis.lib.nccu.edu.tw/record/#G0099154501 en_US dc.subject (關鍵詞) 感受 zh_TW dc.subject (關鍵詞) 快樂 zh_TW dc.subject (關鍵詞) 友誼 zh_TW dc.subject (關鍵詞) 直言 zh_TW dc.subject (關鍵詞) 共同體 zh_TW dc.subject (關鍵詞) 不受注目的活著 zh_TW dc.subject (關鍵詞) 助推 zh_TW dc.subject (關鍵詞) Emotion (pathē) en_US dc.subject (關鍵詞) Pleasure (hēdonē) en_US dc.subject (關鍵詞) Friendship (philia) en_US dc.subject (關鍵詞) Rank criticism (parresia) en_US dc.subject (關鍵詞) Community en_US dc.subject (關鍵詞) Live unnoticed (lathē biōsas) en_US dc.subject (關鍵詞) Nudge en_US dc.title (題名) 伊比鳩魯的非寂靜主義政治學 zh_TW dc.title (題名) The Non–Quietist Politics of Epicurus en_US dc.type (資料類型) thesis en_US dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 古代典籍Aristotle. 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