Publications-Theses
Article View/Open
Publication Export
-
題名 伊比鳩魯的非寂靜主義政治學
The Non–Quietist Politics of Epicurus作者 郭大維
Kuo, Da-Wei貢獻者 林遠澤
Lin, Yuan-Tse
郭大維
Kuo, Da-Wei關鍵詞 感受
快樂
友誼
直言
共同體
不受注目的活著
助推
Emotion (pathē)
Pleasure (hēdonē)
Friendship (philia)
Rank criticism (parresia)
Community
Live unnoticed (lathē biōsas)
Nudge日期 2020 上傳時間 2-Mar-2020 11:10:47 (UTC+8) 摘要 伊比鳩魯的享樂主義倫理學歷來被視為一種不參與公共事務的政治寂靜主義，這種詮釋體現於西塞羅、蒲魯塔克等人對他政治思想的批判中。本論文重新檢視伊比鳩魯的經典，進而藉著以感覺（aisthesis）與直接感受（pathē）為基礎的準則學，以及導向個體真快樂的倫理學，重新詮釋其政治思想，說明伊比鳩魯主義不僅不是一種政治非寂靜主義，更有積極面對公共事務的可能性。本論文論證，首先，在準則學的觀照下，伊比鳩魯的快樂具有階層性，個體的快樂與群體不僅不衝突，並且有助於個體靈魂操練。其次，他為欲望療癒而建立的友誼花園，提供對個體感受與必要欲望的引導，並發展其特殊的靈魂引導學。第三，如此及至公共事務，依循其格言「不受注目的活著」（lathē biōsas），就不會是大規模、強而有力地實現他的政治理想，而是在人的感受基礎下，建立一種空間，使得快樂觀念易於隱性地傳遞，社會中不論是否支持伊比鳩魯主義之人皆可適當享受快樂。最後，本論文說明伊比鳩魯主義政治思想對現代世界的影響，包含現代法政思想、效益主義，以及正向心理學。而後在與泰樂和桑斯坦的「助推」比較下，一方面說明伊比鳩魯政治思想的可行性，另一方面，伊比鳩魯所提供的人性論基礎，也提供助推免於工具理性批判的可能性。
Epicurus’ hedonist ethics has often been viewed as a form of political quietism that refuses to engage in public affairs. This interpretation can be found stated explicitly in Cicero’s and Plutarch’s critique of his political thought.This dissertation will re-examine the writings of Epicurus and re-interpret his political thought through his canonics, which is based on sense-perception (aisthesis) and direct emotion (pathē), and his ethics, which leads each individual to their true pleasure. This dissertation will argue that Epicureanism is not a form of political quietism, but has the potential for a positive engagement in public affairs.This dissertation will argue, firstly, in light of his canonics, Epicurus’ theory of pleasure is multileveled. Therefore, the good of others is not in conflict with the pleasure of the individual, but is a necessity for personal spiritual exercises. Secondly, the garden of friendship which he founded for the therapy of desires provides guidance for the emotions and the necessary desires of each individual, and develops its particular psychagogy. Thirdly, as for politics, Epicurus has no intention of realizing his maxim “live unnoticed (lathē biōsas)” on a large social scale forcibly, but instead, he opens up an area that is based on human emotions wherein the ideas of pleasure can spread easily and covertly, so that those who live in the community, whether or not they are Epicureans, could enjoy pleasure appropriately.Finally, this dissertation explains the influences that Epicureanism has on the modern world, including modern ideas of law and politics, utilitarianism, and positive psychology. This dissertation will also compare Epicureanism with Richard Thaler and Cass Sunstein’s Nudge. This dissertation will demonstrate, on the one hand, the practicability of Epicurean’s political thought, and, on the other hand, the theory of human nature provided by the Epicureans can provide a supplement to Nudge that could prevent it from being criticized as a form of instrumental reason.參考文獻 古代典籍Aristotle. Metaphysics, book I-IX. Translated by H. Tredennick, Cambridge Mass.: Harvard University Press, 1996.————. Metaphysics, book X-XIV, Oeconomica, Magna Moralia. Translated by H. Tredennick and G. Armstrong. London: Harvard University Press, 1996.————. The Nicomachean Ethics. Translated by H. Rackham. Cambridge Mass.: Harvard University Press, 1999.————. On the Soul, Parva Naturalia, On Breath. Translated by W. S. Hett, London: Harvard University Press, 2000.————. Politics. translated by H. Rackham. Cambridge Mass.: Harvard University Press, 1944.————. The “Art” of Retoric. translated by John Henry Freese. Cambridge Mass.: Harvard University Press, 1994.Cicero, M. Tullius. On the Commonwealth and on the Laws. edited by James Zetzel. New York: Cambridge University Press,1999.————. De Re Publica, De Legibus, Cato Maior de Senectute, Laelius de Amicitia. edited by J. G. F. Powell. New York: Oxford, 2006.————. Cicero, De Finibus Bonorum et Malorum. Edited by Johan Nikolai Madvig. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2010.————. Letters to Atticus Vol.1. Edited and translated by Shackleton Bailey. London: Harvard University Press, 1999.————. On Moral Ends. Translated by Raphael Woolf, edited by Julia Annas. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2001.Diogenes of Oinoanda. The Epicurean Inscription. Edited and translated by M. F. Smith. Nappoli: Bibliopolis, 1993.Epictetus. The Discourses as Reported by Arrian, the Manual, and Fragments. Vol. 1. Translated by W. A. Oldfather. Cambridge Mass.: Harvard University Press, 1925.————. The Discourses as Reported by Arrian, the Manual, and Fragments. Vol. 2. Translated by W. A. Oldfather. Cambridge Mass.: Harvard University Press, 1925.Epicurus et al. Epicurea. Edited by Hermann Usener. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2010.————. The Epicurus Reader: Selected Writings and Testimonia. Edited and translated by Brand Inwood and L. P. Gerson. Indianapolis: Hackett, 1994.————. Epicurus: The Extant Remains. translated by Cyril Bailey. London: Oxford University Press, 1926.Inwood, Brad and Lloyd Gerson eds. and trans. The Stoics Reader: Selected Writings and Testimony. Indianapolis: Hackett Publishing Company, 2008.Laertius, Diogenes. Life of Eminent Philosophers. Translated by R. D. Hicks. Cambridge Mass.: Harvard University Press, 1925.Long, A. A. and Sedley David eds. The Hellenistic Philosophers (Volume 1): Translations of the Principal Sources with Philosophical Commentary. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1987.————. The Hellenistic Philosophers (Volume 2): Greek and Latin Texts with Notes and Bibliography. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1987.Lucian. Anacharsis or Athletics. Menippus or The Descent into Hades. On Funerals. A Professor of Public Speaking. Alexander the False Prophet. Essays in Portraiture. Essays in Portraiture Defended. The Goddesse of Surrye.Translated by A. M. Harmon. Loeb Classical Library 162. Cambridge Mass.: Harvard University Press, 1925.Lucretius, Titus. Titi Lucreti Cari De Rerum Natura Libri Sex. Edited and translated by H. A. J. Munro. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2009.————. On the Nature of Things. Translated by Walter Englert. Newburyport: Focus Philosophical Library, 2003.Philodemus. On Frank Criticism. Introduction, Translation, and Notes by David Konstan, Diskin Clay, Clarence E. Glad, Johan C. Thorn, and James Ware. Atlanta: Society of Biblical Literature, 2007.Plutarch. Moralia, vol. XIV. Translated by Benedict Einarson and Phillip de Lacy. Cambridge Mass.: Harvard University Press, 1925.Porphyry. On Abstinence from Killing Animals. Translated by Gillian Clark. London: Bloomsbury, 2000.Seneca. Moral Essays II. Translated by John W. Basore. Cambridge Mass.: Harvard University Press, 1979.Taylor, C. ed. The Atomists Leucippus and Democritus: Fragments, a Text and Translation with a Commentary by C. C. W. Taylor. Toronto: University of Toronto Press, 1999.其他文獻Algra, K. and Barnes, J. eds. The Cambridge History of Hellenistic Philosophy. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2005.Annas, Julia. “Epicurean Emotions.” Greek, Roman and Byzantine Studies 30 (1989): 145–64.Armstrong, John. “Epicurean Justice.” Phronesis 42 (1997), 324–34.Asmis, Elizabeth. “Basic Education in Epicureanism.” in Education in Greek and Roman Antiquity, 209–40. Edited by Yun Lee Too. Leiden: Brill, 2001.Austin, Emily A. “Epicurus and the Politics of Fearing Death.” Apeiron 45 (2) (2012): 109–29.Balot, R. ed. A Companion to Greek and Roman Political Thought. Malden: Blackwell, 2009.Barnes, J. and Griffin, M. eds. Philosophia Togata I: Essays on Philosophy and Roman Society. Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1997.————. Philosophia Togata II: Plato and Aristotle at Rome. Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1999.Bett, R. ed. The Cambridge Companion to Ancient Scepticism. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2010.Brown, Eric. “Politics and Society.” in Cambridge Companion to Epicureanism, Edited by James Warren, 179–96. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2009.Clay, Diskin. “The Athenian Garden.” in Cambridge Companion to Epicureanism, Edited by James Warren, 9–28. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2009.Colman, John. Lucretius as Theorist of Political Life. New York: Palgrave Macmillan, 2012.Dillon, J. and Long A. eds. The Question of “Eclecticism”: Studies in Later Greek Philosophy. Los Angeles: University of California Press, 1988.Erler, Michael. “Epicureanism in the Roman Empire.” in Cambridge Companion to Epicureanism, Edited by James Warren, 46–64. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2009.Ferguson, Everett. Background of Early Christianity. Michigan: Eerdmans Publishing Company, 2003.Festugiere, Andre-Jean. Epicurus and his Gods. Cambridge Mass.: Harvard University Press, 1956.Fitzgerald, John ed. Passions and Moral Progress in the Greco-Roman Thought. Routledge: New York, 2008.Foucault, Michel. Histoire de la sexualité, vol 3. le Souci de Soi. Paris: Gallimard, 1984.————. Religion and Culture. New York: Routledge, 1999.Gale, M. R. ed. Oxford Readings in Classical Studies: Lucretius. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2007.Gill, Christopher. “Stoic Writers of the Imperial Era,” In The Cambridge History of Greek and Roman Political Thought, Edited by Christopher Rowe and Malcom Schofield, 597–615. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2008.Gillespie, Stuart and Philip Hardie, eds. The Cambridge Companion to Lucretius. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2007.Glad, Clarence. Paul and Philodemus: Adaptability in Epicurean and Early Christian Psychagogy. Leiden: Brill, 1995.Greenblatt, Stephen. The Swerve: How the World Became Modern? New York: W. W. Norton & Company, 2012.Hadnagy, Christopher. Social Engineering: the Art of Human Hacking. Indianapolis: Wiley Publishing, 2011.Hadot, Pierre. Études de Philosophie Ancienne. Paris: Les Belles Lettres, 1998.————. Phiolsophy as a Way of Life: Spiritual Exercises from Socrates to Foucault. Trans. by Michael Chase. Malden: Blackwell, 1995.————. The Veil of Isis: An Essay on the History of the Idea of Nature. Translated by Michael Chase, Cambridge Mass.: Harvard University Press, 2006.Havelock, Eric. The Greek Concept of Justice from Its Shadow in Homer to Its Substance in Plato. Cambridge Mass.: Harvard University Press, 1978.Hegel, G. W. Vorlesungen über die Geschichte der Philosophie. Stuttgart: Fr. Frommanns Verlag, 1928.Hume, David An Enquiry concerning Human Understanding. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2007.Inwood, Brad, ed. The Cambridge Companion to the Stoics. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2003.Yalom, Irvin D. Staring at the Sun: Overcoming the Terror of Death. San Francisco: Jossey-Bass, 2009.John Moles. “The Cynics.” In The Cambridge History of Greek and Roman Political Thought, Edited by Christopher Rowe and Malcom Schofield, 415-434. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2008.Jones, H. The Epicurean Tradition. New York: Routledge, 1989.Kahneman, Daniel. Thinking, Fast and Slow. New York: Farrar, Straus and Giroux, 2011.Kant, Immanuel. Groundwork for the Metaphysics of Morals. Trans. By Allen W. Wood. New Haven: Yale University Press, 2002.————. Kritik der Praktischen Vernunft (Philosophie Bilbliothek, band 38). Hamburg: Felix Meiner Verlag, 1974.Lampe, Kurt. The Birth of Hedonism. The Cyrenaic philosophers and Pleasure as a way of life. New Jersey: Princeton University Press, 2015.Lillegard, Norman. On Epicurus. Toronto: Thomson Wadsworth, 2003.Locke, John. Essays on the Law of Nature. Edited by W. von Leyden. Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1954.Long, A. From Epicurus to Epictetus: Studies in Hellenistic and Roman Philosophy, Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2006.————. Hellenistic Philosophy. Berkeley: University of California Press, 1986.————. Stoic Studies. Los Angeles: University of California Press, 2001.MacIntyre, Alasdair. A Short History of Ethics: A History of Moral Philosophy from the Homeric Age to the Twentieth Century. London: Routledge, 1998.Marx, Karl. Differenz der Demokritischen und Epicureischen Naturphilosophie. In K. Marx and F. Engels, Historisch-Kritische Gesamtausgabe.Werke/ Schriften/ Briefe (Vol.1). Frankfurt: Marx-Engels-Archiv, 1927.Matson, Wallace I. “Hegesias the Death-Persuader; Or, the Gloominess of Hedonism.” Philosophy, vol.73, no. 286 (Oct., 1998), 553–557.Mill, John Stuart. On Liberty. Edited by David Bromwich and George Kateb. New Haven: Yale University Press, 2003.————. Utilitarianism. from a 1879 edition. Auchland: The Floating Press, 2009.Mitsis, Philip. “Epicurus on Friendship and Altruism.” Oxford Studies of Ancient Philosophy 5 (1987):127–53.Morford, M. The Roman Philosophers: From the Time of Cato the Censor to the Death of Marcus Aurelius. New York: Routledge, 2002.Mullainathan, Sendhil and Eldar Shafir. Scarcity: Why Having too Little Means so Much. New York: Henry Holt and Company, 2013.Németh, Attila. Epicurus on the Self. London:Routledge, 2017.Nichols, James. Epicurean Political Philosophy: The De Rerum Natura of Lucretius. Ithaca: Cornell University Press, 1972.Nussbaum, Martha. The Therapy of Desire: Theory and Practice in Hellenistic Ethics. New Jersey: Princeton University Press, 1994.O’Connor, David. “The Invulnerable Pleasure of Epicurean Friendship.” Greek, Roman, and Byzantine Studies 30 (1989), 165–86.O’Keefe, Tim. 2001. “Is Epicurean friendship altruistic?” Apeiron 34 (2001): 269–305.Oettingen, Gabriele. Rethinking Positive Thinking: Inside the New Science of Motivation. New York: Current, 2014.Powell, J. G. F. Cicero: The Philosopher. Oxford: Clarendon Press, 2002.Preus, Anthony. Historical Dictionary of Ancient Greek Philosophy (2nd Edition). Lanham: Rowman & Littlefield, 2015.Rawls, John. A Theory of Justice. Cambridge: Belknap Press, 1999.Rist, John. “Epicurus on Friendship.” Classical Philology 75 (1980): 121–29.Robertson, Donald. The philosophy of cognitive-behavioural therapy (CBT): Stoic philosophy as rational and cognitive psychotherapy. London, Karnac Books Ltd, 2010.Rosen, Fredrick. Classical Utilitarianism from Hume to Mill. London: Routledge, 2003.————. “Utility and Justice: Epicurus and the Epicurean Tradition.” Polis 19 (1&2) (2002): 93–107.Roskam, Geert. Live Unnoticed: On the Vicissitudes of an Epicurean Doctrine. Leiden: Brill, 2007.————. “Will the Epicurean Sage Break the Law if He is Perfectly Sure that He Will Escape Detection? A Difficult Problem Revisited.” Transactions of the American Philological Association 142 (2012): 23–40.Rousseau, Jean-Jacques. The Reveries of the Solitary Walker. trans. Charles E. Butterwoth. Indianapolis: Hackett Publishing Company, 1992.Rowe, Christopher and Malcom Schofield, eds. The Cambridge History of Greek and Roman Political Thought. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2008.Sandbach, F. H. The Stoics. London: Gerald Duckworth & Co., 2001.Scarre, Geoffery. “Epicurus as a Forerunner of Utilitarianism.” Utilitas 6 (2) (1994): 219–31.Schofield, Malcolm. “Epicurean and Stoic political thought.” In The Cambridge History of Greek and Roman Political Thought, Edited by Christopher Rowe and Malcom Schofield, 122–29. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2008.435–457.————. “Social and political thought,” in The Cambridge History of Hellenistic Philosophy. Algra, Keimpe, Jonathan Barnes, Jaap Mansfield eds. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2008, 739–40.————. The Stoic Idea of the City. Illinois: The University of Chicago Press, 1999.Sedley, David. “Epicureanism in the Roman Republic.” in Cambridge Companion to Epicureanism, Edited by James Warren, 29–45. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2009.————. “The Ethics of Brutus and Cassius.” The Journal of Roman Studies, 87 (1997): 41-53.Sedley, David ed. The Cambridge Companion to Greek and Roman Philosophy. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2003.Seligman, Martin. Authentic Happiness: Using the New Positive Psychology to Realize Your Potential for Lasting Fulfillment. New York: Free Press, 2002.————. Flourish: A Visionary New Understanding of Happiness and Well-Being. New York: Free Press, 2011.Sharples, R. Stoics, Epicureans and Sceptics: An Introduction to Hellenistic Philosophy. New York: Routledge, 1996.Spink, J. S. French Free-Thought from Gassendi to Voltaire. London: Athlone Press, 1960.Spinoza, Benedictus de, and Jonathan Israel. Theological-Political Treatise, Cambridge Texts in the History of Philosophy. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2007.Steel, C., ed. The Cambridge Companion to Cicero. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2013.Strozier, R. Epicurus and Hellenistic Philosophy. Lanham: University Press of America, 1995.Sunstein, Cass R. Why Nudge? The Politics of Libertarian Paternalism. New Haven: Yale University Press, 2014.Taylor, Margaret. “Progress and Primitivism in Lucretius.” The American Journal of Philology, 68 (2) (1947): 180–94.Thaler, Richard H. and Cass R. Sunstein. Nudge: Improving Decisions about Health, Wealth, and Happiness. New Haven: Yale University Press, 2008.Tsouna, Voula. The Ethics of Philodemus. New York: Oxford University Press, 2007.————. “Epicurean Therapeutic Strategies.” in Cambridge Companion to Epicureanism, Edited by James Warren, 249–65. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2009.Tylor, C. “Democritus.” In The Cambridge History of Greek and Roman Political Thought, Edited by Christopher Rowe and Malcom Schofield, 122–29. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2008.Waerdt, Vander. “The Justice of the Epicurean Wise Man.” The Classical Quarterly 37 (1987), 402–22.Wallas, Graham. Human Nature in Politics. Boston: Houghton Mifflin Company, 1915.Warren, J., ed. The Cambridge Companion to Epicureanism. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2009.————. Facing Death: Epicurus and his Critics. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2004.Wilson, Catherine. “Epicureanism in early modern philosophy.” in Cambridge Companion to Epicureanism, Edited by James Warren, 266–86. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2009.Windelband, Wilhelm. Lehrbuch der Geschichte der Philosophie. Tübingen: Tübingen, 1950.中文資料王來法。《前期斯多亞學派研究》。杭州：浙江大學出版社，2004。石敏敏。《希臘化哲學主流》。北京：中國社科，2012。包利民。《古典政治哲學史論》。北京：人民出版社，2010。西塞羅（Marcus Tullius Cicero）。《論友誼》（Laelius de Amicitia）。徐學庸譯注。台北：聯經，2007。西塞羅（Cicero）。《論目的》（De Finibus Bonorum et Malorum）。徐學庸譯注。台北：聯經，2016。汪子嵩，陳村富等。《希臘哲學史（四上）》。北京：人民出版社，2010。林遠澤。〈老子道的涵義及其開顯〉。載於《鵝湖月刊》，十五卷十二期（1990）：14–19。松村真宏。《仕掛學：使人躍躍欲試、一舉兩得的好設計》。張雅茹譯。台北：遠流，2018。芭芭拉．艾倫瑞克（Barbara Ehrenreich）。《失控的正向思考》（Bright-Sided: How Positive Thinking is Undermining America）。高紫文譯。台北：左岸，2012。姚大志。《當代西方政治哲學》。北京：北京大學出版社，2011。徐學庸。〈伊比鳩魯論「正義」〉於《道德與合理：西洋古代倫理議題研究》，155–76。臺北：唐山，2009。徐學庸。〈不參與政治事務〉於《道德與合理：西洋古代倫理議題研究》，177–98。臺北：唐山，2009。徐學庸。〈伊比鳩魯的政治寂靜主義？：回應西塞羅的批判〉載於《國立政治大學哲學學報》，36（2016）：1–32。徐學庸。《古希臘正義觀：荷馬至亞里斯多德的倫理價值及政治思想》。臺北：國立臺灣大學出版中心，2016。章雪富。《斯多亞主義（I）》。北京：中國社科，2007。章雪富。石敏敏，《斯多亞主義（II）》。北京：中國社科，2009。曹歡榮。《伊壁鳩魯派靈魂治療的「藥」：《奧伊諾安達的第歐根尼銘文》譯注評》。北京：中國社科，2010。陸克瑞提烏斯（Titus Lucretius Carus）。《論萬物的本質》（De Rerum Natura）。徐學庸譯注。台北：台大出版社，2018。雅克・德里達（Jacques Derrida）。《《友愛的政治學》及其他（上）》。夏可君編，胡繼華譯。長春：吉林人民出版社，2010。第歐根尼・拉爾修（Diogenes Laertius）。《名哲言行錄》（Life of Eminent Philosophers）。徐開來、溥林譯。桂林：廣西師範大學，2010。盧克萊修（Titus Lucretius Carus）。《物性論》（De Rerum Natura）。蒲隆譯。南京：譯林，2012。盧梭（Jean-Jacques Rousseau）。《德性與墮落與不平等的起源》。苑舉正譯注。台北：聯經，2015。 描述 博士
國立政治大學
哲學系
99154501資料來源 http://thesis.lib.nccu.edu.tw/record/#G0099154501 資料類型 thesis dc.contributor.advisor 林遠澤 zh_TW dc.contributor.advisor Lin, Yuan-Tse en_US dc.contributor.author (Authors) 郭大維 zh_TW dc.contributor.author (Authors) Kuo, Da-Wei en_US dc.creator (作者) 郭大維 zh_TW dc.creator (作者) Kuo, Da-Wei en_US dc.date (日期) 2020 en_US dc.date.accessioned 2-Mar-2020 11:10:47 (UTC+8) - dc.date.available 2-Mar-2020 11:10:47 (UTC+8) - dc.date.issued (上傳時間) 2-Mar-2020 11:10:47 (UTC+8) - dc.identifier (Other Identifiers) G0099154501 en_US dc.identifier.uri (URI) http://nccur.lib.nccu.edu.tw/handle/140.119/128847 - dc.description (描述) 博士 zh_TW dc.description (描述) 國立政治大學 zh_TW dc.description (描述) 哲學系 zh_TW dc.description (描述) 99154501 zh_TW dc.description.abstract (摘要) 伊比鳩魯的享樂主義倫理學歷來被視為一種不參與公共事務的政治寂靜主義，這種詮釋體現於西塞羅、蒲魯塔克等人對他政治思想的批判中。本論文重新檢視伊比鳩魯的經典，進而藉著以感覺（aisthesis）與直接感受（pathē）為基礎的準則學，以及導向個體真快樂的倫理學，重新詮釋其政治思想，說明伊比鳩魯主義不僅不是一種政治非寂靜主義，更有積極面對公共事務的可能性。本論文論證，首先，在準則學的觀照下，伊比鳩魯的快樂具有階層性，個體的快樂與群體不僅不衝突，並且有助於個體靈魂操練。其次，他為欲望療癒而建立的友誼花園，提供對個體感受與必要欲望的引導，並發展其特殊的靈魂引導學。第三，如此及至公共事務，依循其格言「不受注目的活著」（lathē biōsas），就不會是大規模、強而有力地實現他的政治理想，而是在人的感受基礎下，建立一種空間，使得快樂觀念易於隱性地傳遞，社會中不論是否支持伊比鳩魯主義之人皆可適當享受快樂。最後，本論文說明伊比鳩魯主義政治思想對現代世界的影響，包含現代法政思想、效益主義，以及正向心理學。而後在與泰樂和桑斯坦的「助推」比較下，一方面說明伊比鳩魯政治思想的可行性，另一方面，伊比鳩魯所提供的人性論基礎，也提供助推免於工具理性批判的可能性。 zh_TW dc.description.abstract (摘要) Epicurus’ hedonist ethics has often been viewed as a form of political quietism that refuses to engage in public affairs. This interpretation can be found stated explicitly in Cicero’s and Plutarch’s critique of his political thought.This dissertation will re-examine the writings of Epicurus and re-interpret his political thought through his canonics, which is based on sense-perception (aisthesis) and direct emotion (pathē), and his ethics, which leads each individual to their true pleasure. This dissertation will argue that Epicureanism is not a form of political quietism, but has the potential for a positive engagement in public affairs.This dissertation will argue, firstly, in light of his canonics, Epicurus’ theory of pleasure is multileveled. Therefore, the good of others is not in conflict with the pleasure of the individual, but is a necessity for personal spiritual exercises. Secondly, the garden of friendship which he founded for the therapy of desires provides guidance for the emotions and the necessary desires of each individual, and develops its particular psychagogy. Thirdly, as for politics, Epicurus has no intention of realizing his maxim “live unnoticed (lathē biōsas)” on a large social scale forcibly, but instead, he opens up an area that is based on human emotions wherein the ideas of pleasure can spread easily and covertly, so that those who live in the community, whether or not they are Epicureans, could enjoy pleasure appropriately.Finally, this dissertation explains the influences that Epicureanism has on the modern world, including modern ideas of law and politics, utilitarianism, and positive psychology. This dissertation will also compare Epicureanism with Richard Thaler and Cass Sunstein’s Nudge. This dissertation will demonstrate, on the one hand, the practicability of Epicurean’s political thought, and, on the other hand, the theory of human nature provided by the Epicureans can provide a supplement to Nudge that could prevent it from being criticized as a form of instrumental reason. en_US dc.description.tableofcontents 致謝詞 1摘要 2目錄 4古代典籍縮寫表 6導論 7第一章 感覺、倫理與他人 37第一節 準則學的規範 37準則作為認識之判準 38直接感受作為準則 41第二節 快樂、幸福與自足 47幸福：諸神或個人 47面對恐懼：諸神與死亡 51欲望與權衡：苦樂交雜的快樂 55純然無雜的快樂：自由與實踐智慧 59小結：自然學觀照下的快樂階層 65第三節 工夫、他人與引導 67正向工夫論：伊比鳩魯與德謨克利特 68純粹的享樂：居樂尼派與伊比鳩魯 72享樂與痛苦：論居樂尼派後學 75居樂尼派的反伊比鳩魯論證 77第二章 伊比鳩魯的友誼 81第一節 友誼與效益 81友誼起源之爭：效益或他人 81效益作為可共量之基礎 87伊比鳩魯的積極性友誼觀 90第二節 友誼與不朽 96伊比鳩魯論「不朽」？ 97友誼、感謝與不朽 100第三節 求真的友誼共同體 107論直言中的伊比鳩魯群體 110教師的態度與作為 113對象的態度與直言的有效性 118不同處置模式與效果 124伊比鳩魯主義的其他治療策略 129小結：重視感受與求真的群體治療 133第三章 伊比鳩魯論政治社會 135第一節 正義的自然與協定 135正義的本質與文明的構成 136正義與個體交往 143第二節 正義與心靈寧靜 148追求個體寧靜的賢人與共同體規範 148革命與心靈寧靜 151第三節 不受注目的活著 157不受注目與參與公共 158伊比鳩魯的非理想國 165第四章 如果伊比鳩魯在今天？ 169第一節 伊比鳩魯主義如何影響現代社會 169伊比鳩魯主義與早期現代 171伊比鳩魯主義與正向心理學 175第二節 快樂與效益 180彌爾論效益 181自由的限度 185彌爾與伊比鳩魯之比較 187第三節 助推的政治 190助推與普通人的快樂 190伊比鳩魯如何面對共同體騷亂 197結論 201參考資料 205 zh_TW dc.format.extent 2282222 bytes - dc.format.mimetype application/pdf - dc.source.uri (資料來源) http://thesis.lib.nccu.edu.tw/record/#G0099154501 en_US dc.subject (關鍵詞) 感受 zh_TW dc.subject (關鍵詞) 快樂 zh_TW dc.subject (關鍵詞) 友誼 zh_TW dc.subject (關鍵詞) 直言 zh_TW dc.subject (關鍵詞) 共同體 zh_TW dc.subject (關鍵詞) 不受注目的活著 zh_TW dc.subject (關鍵詞) 助推 zh_TW dc.subject (關鍵詞) Emotion (pathē) en_US dc.subject (關鍵詞) Pleasure (hēdonē) en_US dc.subject (關鍵詞) Friendship (philia) en_US dc.subject (關鍵詞) Rank criticism (parresia) en_US dc.subject (關鍵詞) Community en_US dc.subject (關鍵詞) Live unnoticed (lathē biōsas) en_US dc.subject (關鍵詞) Nudge en_US dc.title (題名) 伊比鳩魯的非寂靜主義政治學 zh_TW dc.title (題名) The Non–Quietist Politics of Epicurus en_US dc.type (資料類型) thesis en_US dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 古代典籍Aristotle. Metaphysics, book I-IX. Translated by H. Tredennick, Cambridge Mass.: Harvard University Press, 1996.————. Metaphysics, book X-XIV, Oeconomica, Magna Moralia. Translated by H. Tredennick and G. Armstrong. London: Harvard University Press, 1996.————. The Nicomachean Ethics. Translated by H. Rackham. Cambridge Mass.: Harvard University Press, 1999.————. On the Soul, Parva Naturalia, On Breath. Translated by W. S. Hett, London: Harvard University Press, 2000.————. Politics. translated by H. Rackham. Cambridge Mass.: Harvard University Press, 1944.————. The “Art” of Retoric. translated by John Henry Freese. Cambridge Mass.: Harvard University Press, 1994.Cicero, M. Tullius. On the Commonwealth and on the Laws. edited by James Zetzel. New York: Cambridge University Press,1999.————. De Re Publica, De Legibus, Cato Maior de Senectute, Laelius de Amicitia. edited by J. G. F. Powell. New York: Oxford, 2006.————. Cicero, De Finibus Bonorum et Malorum. Edited by Johan Nikolai Madvig. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2010.————. Letters to Atticus Vol.1. Edited and translated by Shackleton Bailey. London: Harvard University Press, 1999.————. On Moral Ends. Translated by Raphael Woolf, edited by Julia Annas. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2001.Diogenes of Oinoanda. The Epicurean Inscription. Edited and translated by M. F. Smith. Nappoli: Bibliopolis, 1993.Epictetus. The Discourses as Reported by Arrian, the Manual, and Fragments. Vol. 1. Translated by W. A. Oldfather. Cambridge Mass.: Harvard University Press, 1925.————. The Discourses as Reported by Arrian, the Manual, and Fragments. Vol. 2. Translated by W. A. Oldfather. Cambridge Mass.: Harvard University Press, 1925.Epicurus et al. Epicurea. Edited by Hermann Usener. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2010.————. The Epicurus Reader: Selected Writings and Testimonia. Edited and translated by Brand Inwood and L. P. Gerson. Indianapolis: Hackett, 1994.————. Epicurus: The Extant Remains. translated by Cyril Bailey. London: Oxford University Press, 1926.Inwood, Brad and Lloyd Gerson eds. and trans. The Stoics Reader: Selected Writings and Testimony. Indianapolis: Hackett Publishing Company, 2008.Laertius, Diogenes. Life of Eminent Philosophers. Translated by R. D. Hicks. Cambridge Mass.: Harvard University Press, 1925.Long, A. A. and Sedley David eds. The Hellenistic Philosophers (Volume 1): Translations of the Principal Sources with Philosophical Commentary. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1987.————. The Hellenistic Philosophers (Volume 2): Greek and Latin Texts with Notes and Bibliography. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1987.Lucian. Anacharsis or Athletics. Menippus or The Descent into Hades. On Funerals. A Professor of Public Speaking. Alexander the False Prophet. Essays in Portraiture. Essays in Portraiture Defended. The Goddesse of Surrye.Translated by A. M. Harmon. Loeb Classical Library 162. Cambridge Mass.: Harvard University Press, 1925.Lucretius, Titus. Titi Lucreti Cari De Rerum Natura Libri Sex. Edited and translated by H. A. J. Munro. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2009.————. On the Nature of Things. Translated by Walter Englert. Newburyport: Focus Philosophical Library, 2003.Philodemus. On Frank Criticism. Introduction, Translation, and Notes by David Konstan, Diskin Clay, Clarence E. Glad, Johan C. Thorn, and James Ware. Atlanta: Society of Biblical Literature, 2007.Plutarch. Moralia, vol. XIV. Translated by Benedict Einarson and Phillip de Lacy. Cambridge Mass.: Harvard University Press, 1925.Porphyry. On Abstinence from Killing Animals. Translated by Gillian Clark. London: Bloomsbury, 2000.Seneca. Moral Essays II. Translated by John W. Basore. Cambridge Mass.: Harvard University Press, 1979.Taylor, C. ed. The Atomists Leucippus and Democritus: Fragments, a Text and Translation with a Commentary by C. C. W. Taylor. Toronto: University of Toronto Press, 1999.其他文獻Algra, K. and Barnes, J. eds. The Cambridge History of Hellenistic Philosophy. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2005.Annas, Julia. “Epicurean Emotions.” Greek, Roman and Byzantine Studies 30 (1989): 145–64.Armstrong, John. “Epicurean Justice.” Phronesis 42 (1997), 324–34.Asmis, Elizabeth. “Basic Education in Epicureanism.” in Education in Greek and Roman Antiquity, 209–40. Edited by Yun Lee Too. Leiden: Brill, 2001.Austin, Emily A. “Epicurus and the Politics of Fearing Death.” Apeiron 45 (2) (2012): 109–29.Balot, R. ed. A Companion to Greek and Roman Political Thought. Malden: Blackwell, 2009.Barnes, J. and Griffin, M. eds. Philosophia Togata I: Essays on Philosophy and Roman Society. Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1997.————. Philosophia Togata II: Plato and Aristotle at Rome. Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1999.Bett, R. ed. The Cambridge Companion to Ancient Scepticism. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2010.Brown, Eric. “Politics and Society.” in Cambridge Companion to Epicureanism, Edited by James Warren, 179–96. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2009.Clay, Diskin. “The Athenian Garden.” in Cambridge Companion to Epicureanism, Edited by James Warren, 9–28. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2009.Colman, John. Lucretius as Theorist of Political Life. New York: Palgrave Macmillan, 2012.Dillon, J. and Long A. eds. The Question of “Eclecticism”: Studies in Later Greek Philosophy. Los Angeles: University of California Press, 1988.Erler, Michael. “Epicureanism in the Roman Empire.” in Cambridge Companion to Epicureanism, Edited by James Warren, 46–64. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2009.Ferguson, Everett. Background of Early Christianity. Michigan: Eerdmans Publishing Company, 2003.Festugiere, Andre-Jean. Epicurus and his Gods. Cambridge Mass.: Harvard University Press, 1956.Fitzgerald, John ed. Passions and Moral Progress in the Greco-Roman Thought. Routledge: New York, 2008.Foucault, Michel. Histoire de la sexualité, vol 3. le Souci de Soi. Paris: Gallimard, 1984.————. Religion and Culture. New York: Routledge, 1999.Gale, M. R. ed. Oxford Readings in Classical Studies: Lucretius. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2007.Gill, Christopher. “Stoic Writers of the Imperial Era,” In The Cambridge History of Greek and Roman Political Thought, Edited by Christopher Rowe and Malcom Schofield, 597–615. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2008.Gillespie, Stuart and Philip Hardie, eds. The Cambridge Companion to Lucretius. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2007.Glad, Clarence. Paul and Philodemus: Adaptability in Epicurean and Early Christian Psychagogy. Leiden: Brill, 1995.Greenblatt, Stephen. The Swerve: How the World Became Modern? New York: W. W. Norton & Company, 2012.Hadnagy, Christopher. Social Engineering: the Art of Human Hacking. Indianapolis: Wiley Publishing, 2011.Hadot, Pierre. Études de Philosophie Ancienne. Paris: Les Belles Lettres, 1998.————. Phiolsophy as a Way of Life: Spiritual Exercises from Socrates to Foucault. Trans. by Michael Chase. Malden: Blackwell, 1995.————. The Veil of Isis: An Essay on the History of the Idea of Nature. Translated by Michael Chase, Cambridge Mass.: Harvard University Press, 2006.Havelock, Eric. The Greek Concept of Justice from Its Shadow in Homer to Its Substance in Plato. Cambridge Mass.: Harvard University Press, 1978.Hegel, G. W. Vorlesungen über die Geschichte der Philosophie. Stuttgart: Fr. Frommanns Verlag, 1928.Hume, David An Enquiry concerning Human Understanding. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2007.Inwood, Brad, ed. The Cambridge Companion to the Stoics. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2003.Yalom, Irvin D. Staring at the Sun: Overcoming the Terror of Death. San Francisco: Jossey-Bass, 2009.John Moles. “The Cynics.” In The Cambridge History of Greek and Roman Political Thought, Edited by Christopher Rowe and Malcom Schofield, 415-434. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2008.Jones, H. The Epicurean Tradition. New York: Routledge, 1989.Kahneman, Daniel. Thinking, Fast and Slow. New York: Farrar, Straus and Giroux, 2011.Kant, Immanuel. Groundwork for the Metaphysics of Morals. Trans. By Allen W. Wood. New Haven: Yale University Press, 2002.————. Kritik der Praktischen Vernunft (Philosophie Bilbliothek, band 38). Hamburg: Felix Meiner Verlag, 1974.Lampe, Kurt. The Birth of Hedonism. The Cyrenaic philosophers and Pleasure as a way of life. New Jersey: Princeton University Press, 2015.Lillegard, Norman. On Epicurus. Toronto: Thomson Wadsworth, 2003.Locke, John. Essays on the Law of Nature. Edited by W. von Leyden. Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1954.Long, A. From Epicurus to Epictetus: Studies in Hellenistic and Roman Philosophy, Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2006.————. Hellenistic Philosophy. Berkeley: University of California Press, 1986.————. Stoic Studies. Los Angeles: University of California Press, 2001.MacIntyre, Alasdair. A Short History of Ethics: A History of Moral Philosophy from the Homeric Age to the Twentieth Century. London: Routledge, 1998.Marx, Karl. Differenz der Demokritischen und Epicureischen Naturphilosophie. In K. Marx and F. Engels, Historisch-Kritische Gesamtausgabe.Werke/ Schriften/ Briefe (Vol.1). Frankfurt: Marx-Engels-Archiv, 1927.Matson, Wallace I. “Hegesias the Death-Persuader; Or, the Gloominess of Hedonism.” Philosophy, vol.73, no. 286 (Oct., 1998), 553–557.Mill, John Stuart. On Liberty. Edited by David Bromwich and George Kateb. New Haven: Yale University Press, 2003.————. Utilitarianism. from a 1879 edition. Auchland: The Floating Press, 2009.Mitsis, Philip. “Epicurus on Friendship and Altruism.” Oxford Studies of Ancient Philosophy 5 (1987):127–53.Morford, M. The Roman Philosophers: From the Time of Cato the Censor to the Death of Marcus Aurelius. New York: Routledge, 2002.Mullainathan, Sendhil and Eldar Shafir. Scarcity: Why Having too Little Means so Much. New York: Henry Holt and Company, 2013.Németh, Attila. Epicurus on the Self. London:Routledge, 2017.Nichols, James. Epicurean Political Philosophy: The De Rerum Natura of Lucretius. Ithaca: Cornell University Press, 1972.Nussbaum, Martha. The Therapy of Desire: Theory and Practice in Hellenistic Ethics. New Jersey: Princeton University Press, 1994.O’Connor, David. “The Invulnerable Pleasure of Epicurean Friendship.” Greek, Roman, and Byzantine Studies 30 (1989), 165–86.O’Keefe, Tim. 2001. “Is Epicurean friendship altruistic?” Apeiron 34 (2001): 269–305.Oettingen, Gabriele. Rethinking Positive Thinking: Inside the New Science of Motivation. New York: Current, 2014.Powell, J. G. F. Cicero: The Philosopher. Oxford: Clarendon Press, 2002.Preus, Anthony. Historical Dictionary of Ancient Greek Philosophy (2nd Edition). Lanham: Rowman & Littlefield, 2015.Rawls, John. A Theory of Justice. Cambridge: Belknap Press, 1999.Rist, John. “Epicurus on Friendship.” Classical Philology 75 (1980): 121–29.Robertson, Donald. The philosophy of cognitive-behavioural therapy (CBT): Stoic philosophy as rational and cognitive psychotherapy. London, Karnac Books Ltd, 2010.Rosen, Fredrick. Classical Utilitarianism from Hume to Mill. London: Routledge, 2003.————. “Utility and Justice: Epicurus and the Epicurean Tradition.” Polis 19 (1&2) (2002): 93–107.Roskam, Geert. Live Unnoticed: On the Vicissitudes of an Epicurean Doctrine. Leiden: Brill, 2007.————. “Will the Epicurean Sage Break the Law if He is Perfectly Sure that He Will Escape Detection? A Difficult Problem Revisited.” Transactions of the American Philological Association 142 (2012): 23–40.Rousseau, Jean-Jacques. The Reveries of the Solitary Walker. trans. Charles E. Butterwoth. Indianapolis: Hackett Publishing Company, 1992.Rowe, Christopher and Malcom Schofield, eds. The Cambridge History of Greek and Roman Political Thought. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2008.Sandbach, F. H. The Stoics. London: Gerald Duckworth & Co., 2001.Scarre, Geoffery. “Epicurus as a Forerunner of Utilitarianism.” Utilitas 6 (2) (1994): 219–31.Schofield, Malcolm. “Epicurean and Stoic political thought.” In The Cambridge History of Greek and Roman Political Thought, Edited by Christopher Rowe and Malcom Schofield, 122–29. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2008.435–457.————. “Social and political thought,” in The Cambridge History of Hellenistic Philosophy. Algra, Keimpe, Jonathan Barnes, Jaap Mansfield eds. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2008, 739–40.————. The Stoic Idea of the City. Illinois: The University of Chicago Press, 1999.Sedley, David. “Epicureanism in the Roman Republic.” in Cambridge Companion to Epicureanism, Edited by James Warren, 29–45. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2009.————. “The Ethics of Brutus and Cassius.” The Journal of Roman Studies, 87 (1997): 41-53.Sedley, David ed. The Cambridge Companion to Greek and Roman Philosophy. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2003.Seligman, Martin. Authentic Happiness: Using the New Positive Psychology to Realize Your Potential for Lasting Fulfillment. New York: Free Press, 2002.————. Flourish: A Visionary New Understanding of Happiness and Well-Being. New York: Free Press, 2011.Sharples, R. Stoics, Epicureans and Sceptics: An Introduction to Hellenistic Philosophy. New York: Routledge, 1996.Spink, J. S. French Free-Thought from Gassendi to Voltaire. London: Athlone Press, 1960.Spinoza, Benedictus de, and Jonathan Israel. Theological-Political Treatise, Cambridge Texts in the History of Philosophy. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2007.Steel, C., ed. The Cambridge Companion to Cicero. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2013.Strozier, R. Epicurus and Hellenistic Philosophy. Lanham: University Press of America, 1995.Sunstein, Cass R. Why Nudge? The Politics of Libertarian Paternalism. New Haven: Yale University Press, 2014.Taylor, Margaret. “Progress and Primitivism in Lucretius.” The American Journal of Philology, 68 (2) (1947): 180–94.Thaler, Richard H. and Cass R. Sunstein. Nudge: Improving Decisions about Health, Wealth, and Happiness. New Haven: Yale University Press, 2008.Tsouna, Voula. The Ethics of Philodemus. New York: Oxford University Press, 2007.————. “Epicurean Therapeutic Strategies.” in Cambridge Companion to Epicureanism, Edited by James Warren, 249–65. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2009.Tylor, C. “Democritus.” In The Cambridge History of Greek and Roman Political Thought, Edited by Christopher Rowe and Malcom Schofield, 122–29. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2008.Waerdt, Vander. “The Justice of the Epicurean Wise Man.” The Classical Quarterly 37 (1987), 402–22.Wallas, Graham. Human Nature in Politics. Boston: Houghton Mifflin Company, 1915.Warren, J., ed. The Cambridge Companion to Epicureanism. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2009.————. Facing Death: Epicurus and his Critics. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2004.Wilson, Catherine. “Epicureanism in early modern philosophy.” in Cambridge Companion to Epicureanism, Edited by James Warren, 266–86. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2009.Windelband, Wilhelm. Lehrbuch der Geschichte der Philosophie. Tübingen: Tübingen, 1950.中文資料王來法。《前期斯多亞學派研究》。杭州：浙江大學出版社，2004。石敏敏。《希臘化哲學主流》。北京：中國社科，2012。包利民。《古典政治哲學史論》。北京：人民出版社，2010。西塞羅（Marcus Tullius Cicero）。《論友誼》（Laelius de Amicitia）。徐學庸譯注。台北：聯經，2007。西塞羅（Cicero）。《論目的》（De Finibus Bonorum et Malorum）。徐學庸譯注。台北：聯經，2016。汪子嵩，陳村富等。《希臘哲學史（四上）》。北京：人民出版社，2010。林遠澤。〈老子道的涵義及其開顯〉。載於《鵝湖月刊》，十五卷十二期（1990）：14–19。松村真宏。《仕掛學：使人躍躍欲試、一舉兩得的好設計》。張雅茹譯。台北：遠流，2018。芭芭拉．艾倫瑞克（Barbara Ehrenreich）。《失控的正向思考》（Bright-Sided: How Positive Thinking is Undermining America）。高紫文譯。台北：左岸，2012。姚大志。《當代西方政治哲學》。北京：北京大學出版社，2011。徐學庸。〈伊比鳩魯論「正義」〉於《道德與合理：西洋古代倫理議題研究》，155–76。臺北：唐山，2009。徐學庸。〈不參與政治事務〉於《道德與合理：西洋古代倫理議題研究》，177–98。臺北：唐山，2009。徐學庸。〈伊比鳩魯的政治寂靜主義？：回應西塞羅的批判〉載於《國立政治大學哲學學報》，36（2016）：1–32。徐學庸。《古希臘正義觀：荷馬至亞里斯多德的倫理價值及政治思想》。臺北：國立臺灣大學出版中心，2016。章雪富。《斯多亞主義（I）》。北京：中國社科，2007。章雪富。石敏敏，《斯多亞主義（II）》。北京：中國社科，2009。曹歡榮。《伊壁鳩魯派靈魂治療的「藥」：《奧伊諾安達的第歐根尼銘文》譯注評》。北京：中國社科，2010。陸克瑞提烏斯（Titus Lucretius Carus）。《論萬物的本質》（De Rerum Natura）。徐學庸譯注。台北：台大出版社，2018。雅克・德里達（Jacques Derrida）。《《友愛的政治學》及其他（上）》。夏可君編，胡繼華譯。長春：吉林人民出版社，2010。第歐根尼・拉爾修（Diogenes Laertius）。《名哲言行錄》（Life of Eminent Philosophers）。徐開來、溥林譯。桂林：廣西師範大學，2010。盧克萊修（Titus Lucretius Carus）。《物性論》（De Rerum Natura）。蒲隆譯。南京：譯林，2012。盧梭（Jean-Jacques Rousseau）。《德性與墮落與不平等的起源》。苑舉正譯注。台北：聯經，2015。 zh_TW dc.identifier.doi (DOI) 10.6814/NCCU202000302 en_US
