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題名 印度養牛產業之腸道發酵甲烷排放減量潛力與成本分析
Mitigation potential and costs of enteric methane emissions from Indian bovine sector作者 陳方婕
Chen, Fang-Chieh貢獻者 李慧琳
Lee, Huey-Lin
陳方婕
Chen, Fang-Chieh關鍵詞 黃牛
水牛
腸道甲烷排放量
印度
飼料配比
GLEAM-i
Cattle
Buffalo
Enteric emissions
Feed costs
India
Feed composition
GLEAM-i日期 2020 上傳時間 2-Mar-2020 11:43:00 (UTC+8) 摘要 The purpose of this study is to find alternative rations to help the Indian cattle and buffalo sector reduce enteric methane emissions. We suggested a practical and low-cost method, in which the composition of rations used in 2010 was adjusted to attain emissions reductions. In this research, we analyzed enteric emissions and feed costs. We used the GLEAM-i model to calculate enteric emissions, which is based on the IPCC Tier 2 approach. The GHG calculations with the GLEAM-i model are detailed and comprehensive. Enteric emissions are associated with energy requirements. The energy requirements of cattle and buffalo are based on their live weight, gender, and function (to produce milk or meat or to provide labor). We identified 16 groups of bovines according to their different energy requirements. For each group, we imposed six scenarios of alternative rations that aimed to reduce enteric emissions. Among the six scenarios, the proportion of feed materials of higher digestibility is increased, thus replacing those of lower digestibility. Combining the mitigation potential and feed costs of the alternative rations, Scenario 6 presents the best choice, followed by Scenarios 5, 4, 3, 2, and then 1. Scenario 6 could attain a 1.5% reduction of enteric emissions (8.7 million t -eq/year) and a 13% reduction in the feed costs ($3,828 USD/year) from the 2010 benchmark. In the short term, Scenario 6 would be the best choice for India to cut enteric emissions without adding significant financial burden. The relatively more costly Scenarios 1–5 could be feasible when India achieves better economic viability. 參考文獻 1.Eggleston, H.S., Buenidia, L., Miwa, K., Nagara, T., & Tanabe, K. (eds). (2006). "IPCC Guidelines for National Greenhouse Gas Invertories, Volume 4: Agriculture, Forestry and other Land Use." IPCC, Kanagawa: IGES.2.FAO. (2017). "Global Livestock Environmental Assessment Model Version 2.0." Rome: FAO.3.FAOSTAT. (2019). FAO Statistical Database. Accessed 2019.4.FAOSTAT. (2020). FAO Statistical Database. Accessed 2020.5.GHG Platform India. (2017). "Trend analysis of GHG emissions in India from 2005 to 2013." Retrieved July 31, 2019, from http://www.ghgplatform-india.org/Images/Publications/GHG%20Trend%20Analysis%20Report_2005-13.pdf6.IPCC. (2014). "Climate Change 2014: Synthesis Report," working groups I, II and III. Geneva: IPCC.7.Martin, C., Morgavi, D.P., & Doreau, M. (2009). "Methane mitigation in ruminants: from microbe to the farm scale." Animal, 4:3, pp 351–365.8.Morgavi, D.P., Foragn, E., Martin, C., & Newbold, C.J. (2010). "Microbial ecosystem and methaneogenesis in ruminants." Animal 4:7, pp 1024–1036.9.MoSPI. (2018). "Press note on national accounts statistics back-series 2004–05 to 2011-12." Retrieved July 29, 2019, from http://www.mospi.gov.in/sites/default/files/press_release/Press-Note-28Nov2018.pdf10.Oliver, J.G.J., Janssens-Maenhout, G., Muntean, M., & Peters, J.A.H.W. (2016). ``Trends in global emissions: 2016 report.`` Ispra: JRC.11.O`Mara, F.P., Fitzergald, J.J., Murphy, J.J., & Rath, M. (1998). "The effect on milk production of replacing grass silage with maize silage in the diet of dairy cows." Livestock Production Science 55, 79–87.12.Opio, C., Gerber, P., Mottet, A., Tempio, G., MacLeod, M., Vellinga, T., & Henderson, B. (2013). "Greenhouse gas emissions from ruminant supply chains – A global life cycle." Rome: FAO.13.Patra, A.K. (2014). "Trends and projected estimates of GHG emissions from Indian livestock in comparisons with GHG emissions from world and developing countries." Asian Australas. J. Anim. Sci. Vol. 27, No.4: 592–599.14.Raghavendra, H.N. (2007). "An ayalysis of meat consumption pattern and its retailing: a case of Dharwad district." University of Agricultural Sciences, Dharwad.15.Seetharam, A., Riley, K.W., & Harinarayana, G. (eds). (1986). "Small millets in global agriculture," IDRC. New Delhi: Pauls Press.16.Sere, C. & Steinfeld, H. (1996). "World livestock production systems: current status, issues and trends." Rome: FAO.17.Steinfeld, H., Gerber, P., Wassenaar, T., Castel, V., Rosales, M. & de Haan, C. (2006). "Livestock`s long shadow." Rome: FAO.18.USDA. (2016). "From where the buffalo roam: India`s beef exports." Retrieved April 8, 2019, from https://www.ers.usda.gov/webdocs/publications/37672/59707_ldpm-264-01.pdf19.USDA. (2018). "Livestock and poultry: world markets and trade." Retrieved April 8, 2019, from https://downloads.usda.library.cornell.edu/usda-esmis/files/73666448x/mg74qq69r/j6731729p/livestock_poultry.pdf20.WTTC. (2017). "How does travel & toursim compare to other sector?" Retrieved July 21, 2019, from https://www.wttc.org/-/media/files/reports/benchmark-reports/country-reports-2017/india.pdf 描述 碩士
國立政治大學
應用經濟與社會發展英語碩士學位學程(IMES)
106266010資料來源 http://thesis.lib.nccu.edu.tw/record/#G0106266010 資料類型 thesis dc.contributor.advisor 李慧琳 zh_TW dc.contributor.advisor Lee, Huey-Lin en_US dc.contributor.author (Authors) 陳方婕 zh_TW dc.contributor.author (Authors) Chen, Fang-Chieh en_US dc.creator (作者) 陳方婕 zh_TW dc.creator (作者) Chen, Fang-Chieh en_US dc.date (日期) 2020 en_US dc.date.accessioned 2-Mar-2020 11:43:00 (UTC+8) - dc.date.available 2-Mar-2020 11:43:00 (UTC+8) - dc.date.issued (上傳時間) 2-Mar-2020 11:43:00 (UTC+8) - dc.identifier (Other Identifiers) G0106266010 en_US dc.identifier.uri (URI) http://nccur.lib.nccu.edu.tw/handle/140.119/129018 - dc.description (描述) 碩士 zh_TW dc.description (描述) 國立政治大學 zh_TW dc.description (描述) 應用經濟與社會發展英語碩士學位學程(IMES) zh_TW dc.description (描述) 106266010 zh_TW dc.description.abstract (摘要) The purpose of this study is to find alternative rations to help the Indian cattle and buffalo sector reduce enteric methane emissions. We suggested a practical and low-cost method, in which the composition of rations used in 2010 was adjusted to attain emissions reductions. In this research, we analyzed enteric emissions and feed costs. We used the GLEAM-i model to calculate enteric emissions, which is based on the IPCC Tier 2 approach. The GHG calculations with the GLEAM-i model are detailed and comprehensive. Enteric emissions are associated with energy requirements. The energy requirements of cattle and buffalo are based on their live weight, gender, and function (to produce milk or meat or to provide labor). We identified 16 groups of bovines according to their different energy requirements. For each group, we imposed six scenarios of alternative rations that aimed to reduce enteric emissions. Among the six scenarios, the proportion of feed materials of higher digestibility is increased, thus replacing those of lower digestibility. Combining the mitigation potential and feed costs of the alternative rations, Scenario 6 presents the best choice, followed by Scenarios 5, 4, 3, 2, and then 1. Scenario 6 could attain a 1.5% reduction of enteric emissions (8.7 million t -eq/year) and a 13% reduction in the feed costs ($3,828 USD/year) from the 2010 benchmark. In the short term, Scenario 6 would be the best choice for India to cut enteric emissions without adding significant financial burden. The relatively more costly Scenarios 1–5 could be feasible when India achieves better economic viability. en_US dc.description.tableofcontents Lists of tables IILists of figures VIIAbbreviations VIIIDefinitions of commonly used terms IXExecutive summary XI1 Introduction 12 Background – GHG emissions by India 32.1 Top countries around the world in terms of GHG emissions 32.2 Agricultural GHG emissions in India 42.3 Economy, beef production, and population in India 52.4 Methane production 73 Literature reviews 84 GLEAM-i 114.1 Introduction 114.2 Overview and calculations of methane emissions 114.3 Data 165 Research design 215.1 Research scope 215.2 Data 215.3 Scenario design 236 Result analysis 286.1 Dairy cattle 326.2 Beef cattle 456.3 Dairy buffalo 576.4 Beef buffalo 696.5 Differences between cohorts, systems, herds, and bovines 817 Conclusions 90References 92Appendix A 94Appendix B 109Turnitin result 119 zh_TW dc.format.extent 2257721 bytes - dc.format.mimetype application/pdf - dc.source.uri (資料來源) http://thesis.lib.nccu.edu.tw/record/#G0106266010 en_US dc.subject (關鍵詞) 黃牛 zh_TW dc.subject (關鍵詞) 水牛 zh_TW dc.subject (關鍵詞) 腸道甲烷排放量 zh_TW dc.subject (關鍵詞) 印度 zh_TW dc.subject (關鍵詞) 飼料配比 zh_TW dc.subject (關鍵詞) GLEAM-i zh_TW dc.subject (關鍵詞) Cattle en_US dc.subject (關鍵詞) Buffalo en_US dc.subject (關鍵詞) Enteric emissions en_US dc.subject (關鍵詞) Feed costs en_US dc.subject (關鍵詞) India en_US dc.subject (關鍵詞) Feed composition en_US dc.subject (關鍵詞) GLEAM-i en_US dc.title (題名) 印度養牛產業之腸道發酵甲烷排放減量潛力與成本分析 zh_TW dc.title (題名) Mitigation potential and costs of enteric methane emissions from Indian bovine sector en_US dc.type (資料類型) thesis en_US dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 1.Eggleston, H.S., Buenidia, L., Miwa, K., Nagara, T., & Tanabe, K. (eds). (2006). "IPCC Guidelines for National Greenhouse Gas Invertories, Volume 4: Agriculture, Forestry and other Land Use." IPCC, Kanagawa: IGES.2.FAO. (2017). "Global Livestock Environmental Assessment Model Version 2.0." Rome: FAO.3.FAOSTAT. (2019). FAO Statistical Database. Accessed 2019.4.FAOSTAT. (2020). FAO Statistical Database. Accessed 2020.5.GHG Platform India. (2017). "Trend analysis of GHG emissions in India from 2005 to 2013." Retrieved July 31, 2019, from http://www.ghgplatform-india.org/Images/Publications/GHG%20Trend%20Analysis%20Report_2005-13.pdf6.IPCC. (2014). "Climate Change 2014: Synthesis Report," working groups I, II and III. Geneva: IPCC.7.Martin, C., Morgavi, D.P., & Doreau, M. (2009). "Methane mitigation in ruminants: from microbe to the farm scale." Animal, 4:3, pp 351–365.8.Morgavi, D.P., Foragn, E., Martin, C., & Newbold, C.J. (2010). "Microbial ecosystem and methaneogenesis in ruminants." Animal 4:7, pp 1024–1036.9.MoSPI. (2018). "Press note on national accounts statistics back-series 2004–05 to 2011-12." Retrieved July 29, 2019, from http://www.mospi.gov.in/sites/default/files/press_release/Press-Note-28Nov2018.pdf10.Oliver, J.G.J., Janssens-Maenhout, G., Muntean, M., & Peters, J.A.H.W. (2016). ``Trends in global emissions: 2016 report.`` Ispra: JRC.11.O`Mara, F.P., Fitzergald, J.J., Murphy, J.J., & Rath, M. (1998). "The effect on milk production of replacing grass silage with maize silage in the diet of dairy cows." Livestock Production Science 55, 79–87.12.Opio, C., Gerber, P., Mottet, A., Tempio, G., MacLeod, M., Vellinga, T., & Henderson, B. (2013). "Greenhouse gas emissions from ruminant supply chains – A global life cycle." Rome: FAO.13.Patra, A.K. (2014). "Trends and projected estimates of GHG emissions from Indian livestock in comparisons with GHG emissions from world and developing countries." Asian Australas. J. Anim. Sci. Vol. 27, No.4: 592–599.14.Raghavendra, H.N. (2007). "An ayalysis of meat consumption pattern and its retailing: a case of Dharwad district." University of Agricultural Sciences, Dharwad.15.Seetharam, A., Riley, K.W., & Harinarayana, G. (eds). (1986). "Small millets in global agriculture," IDRC. New Delhi: Pauls Press.16.Sere, C. & Steinfeld, H. (1996). "World livestock production systems: current status, issues and trends." Rome: FAO.17.Steinfeld, H., Gerber, P., Wassenaar, T., Castel, V., Rosales, M. & de Haan, C. (2006). "Livestock`s long shadow." Rome: FAO.18.USDA. (2016). "From where the buffalo roam: India`s beef exports." Retrieved April 8, 2019, from https://www.ers.usda.gov/webdocs/publications/37672/59707_ldpm-264-01.pdf19.USDA. (2018). "Livestock and poultry: world markets and trade." Retrieved April 8, 2019, from https://downloads.usda.library.cornell.edu/usda-esmis/files/73666448x/mg74qq69r/j6731729p/livestock_poultry.pdf20.WTTC. (2017). "How does travel & toursim compare to other sector?" Retrieved July 21, 2019, from https://www.wttc.org/-/media/files/reports/benchmark-reports/country-reports-2017/india.pdf zh_TW dc.identifier.doi (DOI) 10.6814/NCCU202000300 en_US
