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題名 不同小睡時長對於注意力的影響及其神經生理機轉之探討
The Influence of Napping Duration on Attentional Functions and Associated Neurophysiological Mechanism作者 邱上誠
Chiu, Shang-Cheng貢獻者 楊建銘
Yang, Chien-Ming
邱上誠
Chiu, Shang-Cheng關鍵詞 白日小睡時長
注意力功能
功能性磁振造影
腦波功率活動
Nap duration
Attentional functions
fMRI
EEG power spectrum analysis日期 2020 上傳時間 1-Jul-2020 13:49:39 (UTC+8) 摘要 當今人們普遍睡眠不足，可能會藉由白日小睡來提振精神、恢復專注。學者們曾透過各種實驗派典，使用多種量測工具，證實白日小睡後能提升注意力功能及表現，並試圖從中找出最佳小睡時長。然而不同小睡時長對於注意力的影響存在不一致結果，過往研究亦鮮少使用神經生理測量指標（如磁振造影技術）來評估注意力功能改變時的腦部活動，對於小睡前後的大腦活動變化及其生理機轉仍尚待釐清。因此本研究試圖更進一步探討白日小睡對於注意力的影響，結合主觀嗜睡量表評估、客觀注意力作業表現及神經生理活動指標來評估小睡前後的注意力功能，同時比較不同小睡時長於各項量測指標之間的差異，並將其效果對應到相關的腦部活動變化。本研究共招募33位年輕健康之參與者（16位男性與17位女性），在實驗室情境下進行50分鐘的小睡（12點30分開始），並於小睡前後進行多項量測，包含主觀嗜睡量表、注意力作業、腦波功率量測及磁振造影掃描等等；同時依據實際睡著的時間將參與者分為短小睡（小於20分鐘）、中小睡（20至30分鐘）及長小睡組（大於30分鐘）進行組間比較。結果顯示白日小睡後整體主觀嗜睡程度提升，數字史楚普作業反應時間下降，δ波活動功率下降，β波活動功率提升。而小睡之後於執行注意力作業的過程中，預設模式網絡（default mode network, DMN）相關腦區活化下降，背側注意網絡（dorsal attention network, DAN）相關腦區活化提升。不同時長小睡組於各項注意力量測結果亦明顯不同，長小睡組於生理量測指標的活動變化最顯著，在主客觀的量測指標上受到睡眠遲惰的影響也高於其他兩組。在指標間的相關性分析上，僅發現主觀嗜睡程度與腦波功率活動之間存在部分相關，其中以中小睡組的相關性最明顯。整體來說，白日小睡後對於注意力功能及表現在各個指標上有不同程度的影響力，其效果會跟睡眠遲惰及小睡時間長短形成交互影響。關於小睡後注意力功能及表現提升的神經生理機轉，可能受到生理恆定系統的調節作用，推測與DMN及DAN的腦區活動變化有關，可作為未來研究的參照基礎。
People tend to self-deprive their sleep in modern society and compensate for sleep loss by daytime napping. Previous studies showed that napping could improve various cognitive functions, especially attention. Sleep scholars were eager to know the ideal length of nap. However, the relation between nap duration and attention improvement is controversial, and the associated neurophysiological mechanism remains unknown. The purposes of this study are to compare the influence of napping duration on attentional functions and to explore the associated neurophysiological mechanisms by subjective sleepiness scale, attentional tasks, EEG, and fMRI. Thirty-three young and healthy participants (16 males) were recruited. They were instructed to take a daytime nap within a 50-minute duration at around 12:30 p.m… They were divided into three groups according to their actual sleeping time (short-nap: less than 20 minutes; moderate-nap: 20-30 minutes; long-nap: more than 30 minutes). Multiple measures were carried out before and after the nap. Increased subjective sleepiness, declined reaction time of the Numerical Stroop Task, declined power of δ wave, and increased power of β wave were obtained after the nap. Declined activation of DMN (default mode network)-associated areas and increased activation of DAN (dorsal attention network)-associated areas were also revealed after napping. The neurophysiological changes associated with sleep inertia was induced mainly by a long-perioded nap, while the correlation between subjective sleepiness and EEG power was founded only in the moderate-nap group. 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國立政治大學
心理學系
105752017資料來源 http://thesis.lib.nccu.edu.tw/record/#G0105752017 資料類型 thesis dc.contributor.advisor 楊建銘 zh_TW dc.contributor.advisor Yang, Chien-Ming en_US dc.contributor.author (Authors) 邱上誠 zh_TW dc.contributor.author (Authors) Chiu, Shang-Cheng en_US dc.creator (作者) 邱上誠 zh_TW dc.creator (作者) Chiu, Shang-Cheng en_US dc.date (日期) 2020 en_US dc.date.accessioned 1-Jul-2020 13:49:39 (UTC+8) - dc.date.available 1-Jul-2020 13:49:39 (UTC+8) - dc.date.issued (上傳時間) 1-Jul-2020 13:49:39 (UTC+8) - dc.identifier (Other Identifiers) G0105752017 en_US dc.identifier.uri (URI) http://nccur.lib.nccu.edu.tw/handle/140.119/130587 - dc.description (描述) 碩士 zh_TW dc.description (描述) 國立政治大學 zh_TW dc.description (描述) 心理學系 zh_TW dc.description (描述) 105752017 zh_TW dc.description.abstract (摘要) 當今人們普遍睡眠不足，可能會藉由白日小睡來提振精神、恢復專注。學者們曾透過各種實驗派典，使用多種量測工具，證實白日小睡後能提升注意力功能及表現，並試圖從中找出最佳小睡時長。然而不同小睡時長對於注意力的影響存在不一致結果，過往研究亦鮮少使用神經生理測量指標（如磁振造影技術）來評估注意力功能改變時的腦部活動，對於小睡前後的大腦活動變化及其生理機轉仍尚待釐清。因此本研究試圖更進一步探討白日小睡對於注意力的影響，結合主觀嗜睡量表評估、客觀注意力作業表現及神經生理活動指標來評估小睡前後的注意力功能，同時比較不同小睡時長於各項量測指標之間的差異，並將其效果對應到相關的腦部活動變化。本研究共招募33位年輕健康之參與者（16位男性與17位女性），在實驗室情境下進行50分鐘的小睡（12點30分開始），並於小睡前後進行多項量測，包含主觀嗜睡量表、注意力作業、腦波功率量測及磁振造影掃描等等；同時依據實際睡著的時間將參與者分為短小睡（小於20分鐘）、中小睡（20至30分鐘）及長小睡組（大於30分鐘）進行組間比較。結果顯示白日小睡後整體主觀嗜睡程度提升，數字史楚普作業反應時間下降，δ波活動功率下降，β波活動功率提升。而小睡之後於執行注意力作業的過程中，預設模式網絡（default mode network, DMN）相關腦區活化下降，背側注意網絡（dorsal attention network, DAN）相關腦區活化提升。不同時長小睡組於各項注意力量測結果亦明顯不同，長小睡組於生理量測指標的活動變化最顯著，在主客觀的量測指標上受到睡眠遲惰的影響也高於其他兩組。在指標間的相關性分析上，僅發現主觀嗜睡程度與腦波功率活動之間存在部分相關，其中以中小睡組的相關性最明顯。整體來說，白日小睡後對於注意力功能及表現在各個指標上有不同程度的影響力，其效果會跟睡眠遲惰及小睡時間長短形成交互影響。關於小睡後注意力功能及表現提升的神經生理機轉，可能受到生理恆定系統的調節作用，推測與DMN及DAN的腦區活動變化有關，可作為未來研究的參照基礎。 zh_TW dc.description.abstract (摘要) People tend to self-deprive their sleep in modern society and compensate for sleep loss by daytime napping. Previous studies showed that napping could improve various cognitive functions, especially attention. Sleep scholars were eager to know the ideal length of nap. However, the relation between nap duration and attention improvement is controversial, and the associated neurophysiological mechanism remains unknown. The purposes of this study are to compare the influence of napping duration on attentional functions and to explore the associated neurophysiological mechanisms by subjective sleepiness scale, attentional tasks, EEG, and fMRI. Thirty-three young and healthy participants (16 males) were recruited. They were instructed to take a daytime nap within a 50-minute duration at around 12:30 p.m… They were divided into three groups according to their actual sleeping time (short-nap: less than 20 minutes; moderate-nap: 20-30 minutes; long-nap: more than 30 minutes). Multiple measures were carried out before and after the nap. Increased subjective sleepiness, declined reaction time of the Numerical Stroop Task, declined power of δ wave, and increased power of β wave were obtained after the nap. Declined activation of DMN (default mode network)-associated areas and increased activation of DAN (dorsal attention network)-associated areas were also revealed after napping. The neurophysiological changes associated with sleep inertia was induced mainly by a long-perioded nap, while the correlation between subjective sleepiness and EEG power was founded only in the moderate-nap group. Conclusively, different nap duration produces different effects on attentional functions; the neurophysiological mechanisms of napping may be regulated by a decrease in homeostatic drive, and activation of the DMN and the DAN. en_US dc.description.tableofcontents 目 錄 6第一章 緒論 10第二章 文獻探討 13第一節 現代人的睡眠型態 13第二節 白日小睡與睡後效果 15第三節 警醒與注意力的概念及評估指標 19第四節 與注意力相關之生理機轉 24第五節 研究目的與研究假設 28第三章 研究方法 30第一節 研究對象 30第二節 研究工具 31第三節 研究程序 38第四節 資料分析 40第四章 研究結果 43第一節 參與者之人口學變項、量表得分及睡眠資料分析 43第二節 主客觀注意力功能量測分析 44第三節 腦波功率頻譜分析 46第四節 功能性磁振造影分析 48第五節 指標之間的相關分析 50第五章 討論 53第一節 小睡操弄之效果評估 53第二節 小睡效果、睡眠遲惰與生理節律之潛在影響 54第三節 小睡時長對於注意力功能的影響 61第四節 白日小睡後的注意力恢復與注意力促進 63第五節 研究限制與未來研究方向 64第六節 研究結論與其實務應用 66參考文獻 68附 錄 81附錄一、中文版SLEEP-50量表 81附錄二、中文版匹茲堡睡眠品質量表 83附錄三、早晨型及夜晚型自我評估量表問卷 85附錄四、史丹福嗜睡量表 89附錄五、睡眠習慣調查問卷 90附錄六、基本資料表 92附錄七、睡眠日誌 94附錄八、人口學資料及各項量表分數表 95附錄九、實驗前睡眠資料表 96附錄十、實驗中白日小睡資料表 97附錄十一、精神運動警覺性作業行為表現圖 98附錄十二、數字史楚普作業行為表現圖 99附錄十三、數字史楚普作業於不同情境之反應時間圖 100附錄十四、全體參與者之腦波功率頻譜分析結果圖 101附錄十五、短小睡組參與者之腦波功率頻譜分析結果圖 102附錄十六、中小睡組參與者之腦波功率頻譜分析結果圖 103附錄十七、長小睡組參與者之腦波功率頻譜分析結果圖 104附錄十八、Delta（δ）波和Theta（θ）波的功率歷程分析圖 105附錄十九、Alpha（α）波和Sigma（σ）波的功率歷程分析圖 106附錄二十、Beta 1（β1）波和Beta 2（β2）波的功率歷程分析圖 107附錄二十一、Gamma（γ）波的功率歷程分析圖 108附錄二十二、不同小睡時長組別之大腦活動圖 109附錄二十三、執行PVT時感興趣腦區之活動圖 110附錄二十四、執行NST作業時感興趣腦區之活動圖 111附錄二十五、上、下午的SSS得分差值與腦波功率差異之相關表 112附錄二十六、全體參與者、中小睡組腦波功率與SSS之散佈圖 113附錄二十七、短小睡組之NST反應時間差值與大腦活動差異之相關表 114附錄二十八、短小睡組NST反應時間與大腦活動之散佈圖 115附錄二十九、PVT和NST反應時間差值與SSS得分差值之相關 116附錄三十、研究結果摘要 117 zh_TW dc.format.extent 7426303 bytes - dc.format.mimetype application/pdf - dc.source.uri (資料來源) http://thesis.lib.nccu.edu.tw/record/#G0105752017 en_US dc.subject (關鍵詞) 白日小睡時長 zh_TW dc.subject (關鍵詞) 注意力功能 zh_TW dc.subject (關鍵詞) 功能性磁振造影 zh_TW dc.subject (關鍵詞) 腦波功率活動 zh_TW dc.subject (關鍵詞) Nap duration en_US dc.subject (關鍵詞) Attentional functions en_US dc.subject (關鍵詞) fMRI en_US dc.subject (關鍵詞) EEG power spectrum analysis en_US dc.title (題名) 不同小睡時長對於注意力的影響及其神經生理機轉之探討 zh_TW dc.title (題名) The Influence of Napping Duration on Attentional Functions and Associated Neurophysiological Mechanism en_US dc.type (資料類型) thesis en_US dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 中文部分台灣睡眠醫學會（2015）。台灣睡眠醫學學會最新調查。取自台灣睡眠醫學會，教育委員會網址 http://www.tssm.org.tw/file/1483682358.pdf台灣睡眠醫學會（2016）。台灣睡眠醫學學會最新調查。取自台灣睡眠醫學會，教育委員會網址 http://www.tssm.org.tw/file/1483682380.pdf台灣睡眠醫學會（2017）。台灣常見睡眠問題盛行率的變化趨勢：一個十年的橫斷性重覆調查。取自台灣睡眠醫學會，教育委員會網址 http://www.tssm.org.tw/file/1494489550.pdf行政院主計總處（2005）。93年社會發展趨勢調查（時間運用）。取自中央研究院人文社會科學研究中心，調查研究專題中心學術調查研究資料庫網址https://srda.sinica.edu.tw/datasearch_detail.php?id=212司天梅、舒良、党衛民、蘇允愛、陳景旭、董問天、…張衛華（2009）。簡明國際神經精神訪談中文版的臨床信效度。中國心理衛生雜誌，23（7），493-497。車先蕙、盧孟良、陳錫中、張尚文、李宇宙（2006）。中文版貝克焦慮量表之信效度。台灣醫學，10（4），447-454。吳京一、童麗珠（2006）。睡眠你知多少事（3）－每晚你睡幾小時？。科學教育月刊，286，47-48。林一真（2000）。貝克焦慮量表（中文版）指導手冊。台北：中國行為科學社。陳心怡（2000）。貝克憂鬱量表第二版 (中文版) 指導手冊。台北：中國行為科學社。衛生福利部國民健康署（2013）。國民健康訪問調查。取自衛生福利部國民健康署，監測研究及健康教育組網址 https://www.hpa.gov.tw/ Pages/ Detail.aspx?nodeid=364&pid=6543鄭月雅（2006）。由社會發展趨勢探討國人睡眠品質。取自行政院主計總處，統計資訊網學生專區網址 https://stud.stat.gov.tw/public/Data/4122719141571.pdf盧孟良、車先蕙、張尚文、沈武典（2002）。中文版貝克憂鬱量表第二版之信度和效度。台灣精神醫學，16（4），301-310。英文部分Achermann, P., Werth, E., Dijk, D. 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