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題名 污名、情感與法意識：性侵“完美被害人”結構下的自我認同
Stigma, Emotion and Legal Consciousness: Identity in the ‘Ideal’ Rape Victim作者 盧穎鈺 貢獻者 王曉丹
盧穎鈺關鍵詞 法意識
完美被害人
性侵受害者
情感
自我認同
污名日期 2020 上傳時間 1-Jul-2020 13:51:47 (UTC+8) 摘要 社會在定義“性侵受害者”時，常常會構建一種“完美被害人“的受害形象。 相當一部分社會科學方面的文獻已經針對“完美受害者”提出不少批評，認為“完美受害者”是一種社會對受害者進行苛責的認知結構，使得受害者無法發聲。但是，如果要瞭解受害者沉默的具體原因，我們有必要進一步討論這一認知結構對每一個具體的受害者產生影響的具體社會機制。只有從法意識關係自我的角度出發，我們才能理解“完美被害人”認知結構對性侵受害者自我認同建構產生影響的二個層次：汙名化與情感的分散自我。而這二個層次的影響都圍繞著“社會分化”展開，將受害者從社會中排除出去，讓她們陷入被消音的境地。本文通過中國大陸的性侵案判決，呈現性侵受害者們所面臨的社會所構建的二元對立式的、非此即彼的 “完美被害人”的認知與懲治結構；再通過性侵受害者自述分析，展現她們在遭受性侵後的相當長一段時間裡的生命故事，發現她們經歷並且對抗“完美被害人”的社會分化作用的經驗，並嘗試從中發展出一條性侵受害者的自我認同的正向轉變路。 參考文獻 參考文獻書籍Abrams, D., & Hogg, M. A. (2006). Social identifications: A social psychology of intergroup relations and group processes. Routledge. 199-207.Chua, L. J. (2018). The Politics of Love in Myanmar: LGBT Mobilization and Human Rights as a Way of Life. Stanford University Press. 32-40.Engel, D. M., & Munger, F. W. (2003). Rights of inclusion: Law and identity in the life stories of Americans with disabilities. University of Chicago Press. 90-121.Goffman, E. (1963). Stigma: Notes on the Management of Spoiled Identity. New York: Simon & Schuster. 32-42.Gould, D. B. (2009). Moving politics: Emotion and ACT UP`s fight against AIDS. University of Chicago Press. 60-63.Mardorossian, C. M. (2014). Framing the rape victim: Gender and agency reconsidered. Rutgers University Press. 46-90.Pamela, D. (2010). Gender, Crime and Victimisation, Sage, 17-35.Toolan, M. (2016). Making sense of narrative text: Situation, repetition, and picturing in the reading of short stories. Routledge. 27-30.期刊論文胡昌明. (2018). 被告人身份差異對量刑的影響: 基於 1060 份刑事判決的實證分析. 清華法學, (4), 7.王新宇. (2014). 從性義務到性合意——論中國婚內強制性行為何以為罪. 婦女研究論叢, (6), 37-43.王新宇. (2014). 女性貞潔與法律的操守———兼論李某某案的中國判斷與美國立法經驗. 政法論壇: 中國政法大學學報, 32(2), 134-140.王曉丹. (2010). 聆聽 [失語] 的被害人: 從女性主義法學的角度看熟識者強暴司法審判中的性道德. 台灣社會研究季刊, (80), 155-206.王曉丹. (2017). 女性主義實踐為何漏接了房思琪？「自我」的生存之道與逃逸路線，巷仔口社會學，2017年6月6日，https://twstreetcorner.org/2017/06/06/wanghsiaotan/王曉丹. (2018). 法意識探索: 關係自我的情感衡平. 政治與社會哲學評論, (67), 103-159.王曉丹. (2019). 破解二元對立, 改寫能動主體: 性暴力受害者脆弱性的正面意義. 女學學誌: 婦女與性別研究, (44), 77-108.王曉丹. (2019). 這是愛女，也是厭女──如何看穿這世界拉攏與懲戒女人的兩手策略？大家出版，45.勞東燕. (2011). 強姦罪與嫖宿幼女罪的關係新論. 清華法學, 5(2), 33-47.李文燕. (1984). 區別強姦罪與流氓罪的關鍵是什麼. 法學, (2), 30-31.李曉蘭. (2012). 我國無罪判決適用現狀分析. 法制與社會: 旬刊, (11), 122-123.林志潔 & 金孟華 . (2012). [合理] 的懷疑?—以女性主義法學觀點檢視性侵害審判之偏見運用為例之考察. 政大法學評論, (127), 117-166.劉守芬 & 申柳華. (2004). 強姦案件的加害與被害——71 個強姦案例的法律實證分析. 犯罪研究, (96), 4-12.熊謀林, 程乙峰, 周靜 & 陳樹嬌. (2014). 未成年人犯罪與矯正實證研究——以成都市溫江區為例 (Doctoral dissertation).張文顯, & 李光宇. (2011). 司法: 法律效果與社會效果的衡平分析. 社會科學戰線, (7), 192.趙國強. (1984). 也談區別強姦罪與流氓罪的關鍵——與李文燕同志商榷. 法學, (7), 16-17.Abrego, L. J. (2019). Relational Legal Consciousness of US Citizenship: Privilege, Responsibility, Guilt, and Love in Latino Mixed‐Status Families. Law & Society Review, 53(3), 641-670.Bandes, S. (1996). Empathy, narrative, and victim impact statements. The University of Chicago Law Review, 63(2), 361-412.Baron, J. B.; Epstein, J. (1997). Is law narrative. Buffalo Law Review, 45(1), 141-188.Christie, N. (1986). The ideal victim. In From crime policy to victim policy. Palgrave Macmillan, London, 17-30.Chua, L. J., & Engel, D. M. (2019). Legal Consciousness Reconsidered. Annual Review of Law and Social Science, 15, 34-44Clair, M. (2018). Stigma. Core Concepts in Sociology. 1-4.Corrigan, P. W., Rafacz, J. D., Hautamaki, J., Walton, J., Rüsch, N., Rao, D., ... & Reeder, G. (2010). Changing stigmatizing perceptions and recollections about mental illness: The effects of NAMIs In Our Own Voice. Community mental health journal, 46(5), 517-522.Gilson, E. (2016). Vulnerability and victimization: Rethinking key concepts in feminist discourses on sexual violence. Signs: Journal of Women in Culture and Society, 42(1), 71-98.Damasio, A.R. (1998). Emotion in the perspective of an integrated nervous system. Brain Research Reviews, 26, 83-86.Davies, M., & Rogers, P. (2009). Perceptions of blame and credibility toward victims of childhood sexual abuse: Differences across victim age, victim-perpetrator relationship, and respondent gender in a depicted case. Journal of Child Sexual Abuse, 18(1), 78-92.Halley, J. (2016). The move to affirmative consent. Signs: Journal of Women in Culture and Society, 42(1), 257-279.Wang, Hsiao-Tan (2019). Justice, Emotion, and Belonging: Legal Consciousness in a Taiwanese Family Conflict. Law and Society Review, 53(3), 764-790.Izard, C. E. (2009). Emotion theory and research: Highlights, unanswered questions, and emerging issues. Annual review of psychology, 60, 1-25.Jägervi, L. (2014). Who wants to be an ideal victim? A narrative analysis of crime victims` self-presentation. Journal of Scandinavian studies in criminology and crime prevention, 15(1), 73-88.Jurgen R. (1992). Freud`s narrative. from case history to life story, International Forum of Psychoanalysis, 1:1, 51-60.Abrams, K. (2016). Emotional Transitions in Social Movements: The Case of Immigrant Rights Activism in Arizona, Emotional Dynamics of Law and Legal Discourse, 10, 185-209.Katz, I. (1979). Some thoughts about the stigma notion. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 5(4), 447-460.Larcombe, W. (2011). Falling rape conviction rates:(Some) feminist aims and measures for rape law. Feminist Legal Studies, 19(1), 27-45.Link, B. G., & Phelan, J. C. (2001). Conceptualizing stigma. Annual Review of Sociology, 27(1), 363-385.MacKinnon, C. A. (2016). Rape redefined. Harvard Law & Policy Review, 10, 431-477.Oatley, K., & Johnson-Laird, P. N. (1987). Towards a cognitive theory of emotions. Cognition and Emotion, 1(1), 29-50.Sandoval, E. (2019). The Case for an Affirmative Consent Provision in Rape Law. North Dakota Law Review, 94, 455-460.Stryker, S., & Burke, P. (2000). The Past, Present, and Future of an Identity Theory. Social Psychology Quarterly, 63(4), 284-297.Weidner, G., & Griffitt, W. (1983). Rape: A sexual stigma?. Journal of Personality, 51(2), 151-166.Young, K. M. (2014), Legal Consciousness in the Hawaiian Cockfight. Law & Society Review, 48, 499-530. 描述 碩士
國立政治大學
法律科際整合研究所
106652030資料來源 http://thesis.lib.nccu.edu.tw/record/#G0106652030 資料類型 thesis dc.contributor.advisor 王曉丹 zh_TW dc.contributor.author (Authors) 盧穎鈺 zh_TW dc.creator (作者) 盧穎鈺 zh_TW dc.date (日期) 2020 en_US dc.date.accessioned 1-Jul-2020 13:51:47 (UTC+8) - dc.date.available 1-Jul-2020 13:51:47 (UTC+8) - dc.date.issued (上傳時間) 1-Jul-2020 13:51:47 (UTC+8) - dc.identifier (Other Identifiers) G0106652030 en_US dc.identifier.uri (URI) http://nccur.lib.nccu.edu.tw/handle/140.119/130597 - dc.description (描述) 碩士 zh_TW dc.description (描述) 國立政治大學 zh_TW dc.description (描述) 法律科際整合研究所 zh_TW dc.description (描述) 106652030 zh_TW dc.description.abstract (摘要) 社會在定義“性侵受害者”時，常常會構建一種“完美被害人“的受害形象。 相當一部分社會科學方面的文獻已經針對“完美受害者”提出不少批評，認為“完美受害者”是一種社會對受害者進行苛責的認知結構，使得受害者無法發聲。但是，如果要瞭解受害者沉默的具體原因，我們有必要進一步討論這一認知結構對每一個具體的受害者產生影響的具體社會機制。只有從法意識關係自我的角度出發，我們才能理解“完美被害人”認知結構對性侵受害者自我認同建構產生影響的二個層次：汙名化與情感的分散自我。而這二個層次的影響都圍繞著“社會分化”展開，將受害者從社會中排除出去，讓她們陷入被消音的境地。本文通過中國大陸的性侵案判決，呈現性侵受害者們所面臨的社會所構建的二元對立式的、非此即彼的 “完美被害人”的認知與懲治結構；再通過性侵受害者自述分析，展現她們在遭受性侵後的相當長一段時間裡的生命故事，發現她們經歷並且對抗“完美被害人”的社會分化作用的經驗，並嘗試從中發展出一條性侵受害者的自我認同的正向轉變路。 zh_TW dc.description.tableofcontents 內容摘要 4第一章 序論 5一、研究背景與研究目的 5二、研究問題：探索性侵受害者的自我認同 5三、中國大陸性侵法律沿革 6四、研究方法：內容分析法 10（一）判決檢索 10（二）性侵受害者自述 14（三）研究方法的局限 14五、論文架構與各章內容 15第二章 性侵受害者的自我認同 17一、性侵受害者的法意識 17二、性侵受害者：面臨汙名化的社會標籤 18三、作為一種社會分化工具的“完美被害人” 20四、分散在社會關係中的自我認同 22（一）“性侵受害者”的自我認同在社會過程（social process）中形成 23（二）“性侵受害者”的生命經驗與自我敘述 23五、情感：社會分化的內在動因 25第三章 完美被害人的印記：無罪判決的分析 29一、完美被害人：自珍自愛的女性 29二、半推半就的被害者：“優待”行為人vs“苛責”被害人 30三、“非此即彼”的兩難境地 33四、小結 34第四章 二元對立的受害者主體：有罪判決的分析 36一、法院對性侵受害者“漂泊小船”的想像 36二、受害者的婚姻關係：被削弱的主體性 38三、陽剛與陰柔二元結構的文化原因 41四、小結 44第五章 汙名對抗與自我認同的重構：受害者自述分析 45一、新的生命歷程：自我認同的轉移 46二、無法轉移的自我：教授猥褻案vs原配大戰小三 48三、裹挾在詩意下的“性侵” 51四、權勢性侵下的受害者自我：北京電影學院“阿廖沙” 54五、小結 57第六章、結論：性侵受害者正面轉變的生命歷程 59參考文獻 62附錄 1：無罪判決文書整理一覽表 66附錄 2：有罪判決文書整理一覽表 70附錄3：高校性侵受害者自述一覽表 75 zh_TW dc.format.extent 2266525 bytes - dc.format.mimetype application/pdf - dc.source.uri (資料來源) http://thesis.lib.nccu.edu.tw/record/#G0106652030 en_US dc.subject (關鍵詞) 法意識 zh_TW dc.subject (關鍵詞) 完美被害人 zh_TW dc.subject (關鍵詞) 性侵受害者 zh_TW dc.subject (關鍵詞) 情感 zh_TW dc.subject (關鍵詞) 自我認同 zh_TW dc.subject (關鍵詞) 污名 zh_TW dc.title (題名) 污名、情感與法意識：性侵“完美被害人”結構下的自我認同 zh_TW dc.title (題名) Stigma, Emotion and Legal Consciousness: Identity in the ‘Ideal’ Rape Victim en_US dc.type (資料類型) thesis en_US dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 參考文獻書籍Abrams, D., & Hogg, M. A. (2006). Social identifications: A social psychology of intergroup relations and group processes. Routledge. 199-207.Chua, L. J. (2018). The Politics of Love in Myanmar: LGBT Mobilization and Human Rights as a Way of Life. Stanford University Press. 32-40.Engel, D. M., & Munger, F. W. (2003). Rights of inclusion: Law and identity in the life stories of Americans with disabilities. University of Chicago Press. 90-121.Goffman, E. (1963). Stigma: Notes on the Management of Spoiled Identity. New York: Simon & Schuster. 32-42.Gould, D. B. (2009). Moving politics: Emotion and ACT UP`s fight against AIDS. University of Chicago Press. 60-63.Mardorossian, C. M. (2014). Framing the rape victim: Gender and agency reconsidered. Rutgers University Press. 46-90.Pamela, D. (2010). Gender, Crime and Victimisation, Sage, 17-35.Toolan, M. (2016). Making sense of narrative text: Situation, repetition, and picturing in the reading of short stories. Routledge. 27-30.期刊論文胡昌明. (2018). 被告人身份差異對量刑的影響: 基於 1060 份刑事判決的實證分析. 清華法學, (4), 7.王新宇. (2014). 從性義務到性合意——論中國婚內強制性行為何以為罪. 婦女研究論叢, (6), 37-43.王新宇. (2014). 女性貞潔與法律的操守———兼論李某某案的中國判斷與美國立法經驗. 政法論壇: 中國政法大學學報, 32(2), 134-140.王曉丹. (2010). 聆聽 [失語] 的被害人: 從女性主義法學的角度看熟識者強暴司法審判中的性道德. 台灣社會研究季刊, (80), 155-206.王曉丹. (2017). 女性主義實踐為何漏接了房思琪？「自我」的生存之道與逃逸路線，巷仔口社會學，2017年6月6日，https://twstreetcorner.org/2017/06/06/wanghsiaotan/王曉丹. (2018). 法意識探索: 關係自我的情感衡平. 政治與社會哲學評論, (67), 103-159.王曉丹. (2019). 破解二元對立, 改寫能動主體: 性暴力受害者脆弱性的正面意義. 女學學誌: 婦女與性別研究, (44), 77-108.王曉丹. (2019). 這是愛女，也是厭女──如何看穿這世界拉攏與懲戒女人的兩手策略？大家出版，45.勞東燕. (2011). 強姦罪與嫖宿幼女罪的關係新論. 清華法學, 5(2), 33-47.李文燕. (1984). 區別強姦罪與流氓罪的關鍵是什麼. 法學, (2), 30-31.李曉蘭. (2012). 我國無罪判決適用現狀分析. 法制與社會: 旬刊, (11), 122-123.林志潔 & 金孟華 . (2012). [合理] 的懷疑?—以女性主義法學觀點檢視性侵害審判之偏見運用為例之考察. 政大法學評論, (127), 117-166.劉守芬 & 申柳華. (2004). 強姦案件的加害與被害——71 個強姦案例的法律實證分析. 犯罪研究, (96), 4-12.熊謀林, 程乙峰, 周靜 & 陳樹嬌. (2014). 未成年人犯罪與矯正實證研究——以成都市溫江區為例 (Doctoral dissertation).張文顯, & 李光宇. (2011). 司法: 法律效果與社會效果的衡平分析. 社會科學戰線, (7), 192.趙國強. (1984). 也談區別強姦罪與流氓罪的關鍵——與李文燕同志商榷. 法學, (7), 16-17.Abrego, L. J. (2019). Relational Legal Consciousness of US Citizenship: Privilege, Responsibility, Guilt, and Love in Latino Mixed‐Status Families. Law & Society Review, 53(3), 641-670.Bandes, S. (1996). Empathy, narrative, and victim impact statements. The University of Chicago Law Review, 63(2), 361-412.Baron, J. B.; Epstein, J. (1997). Is law narrative. Buffalo Law Review, 45(1), 141-188.Christie, N. (1986). The ideal victim. In From crime policy to victim policy. Palgrave Macmillan, London, 17-30.Chua, L. J., & Engel, D. M. (2019). Legal Consciousness Reconsidered. Annual Review of Law and Social Science, 15, 34-44Clair, M. (2018). Stigma. Core Concepts in Sociology. 1-4.Corrigan, P. W., Rafacz, J. D., Hautamaki, J., Walton, J., Rüsch, N., Rao, D., ... & Reeder, G. (2010). Changing stigmatizing perceptions and recollections about mental illness: The effects of NAMIs In Our Own Voice. Community mental health journal, 46(5), 517-522.Gilson, E. (2016). Vulnerability and victimization: Rethinking key concepts in feminist discourses on sexual violence. Signs: Journal of Women in Culture and Society, 42(1), 71-98.Damasio, A.R. (1998). Emotion in the perspective of an integrated nervous system. Brain Research Reviews, 26, 83-86.Davies, M., & Rogers, P. (2009). Perceptions of blame and credibility toward victims of childhood sexual abuse: Differences across victim age, victim-perpetrator relationship, and respondent gender in a depicted case. Journal of Child Sexual Abuse, 18(1), 78-92.Halley, J. (2016). The move to affirmative consent. Signs: Journal of Women in Culture and Society, 42(1), 257-279.Wang, Hsiao-Tan (2019). Justice, Emotion, and Belonging: Legal Consciousness in a Taiwanese Family Conflict. Law and Society Review, 53(3), 764-790.Izard, C. E. (2009). Emotion theory and research: Highlights, unanswered questions, and emerging issues. Annual review of psychology, 60, 1-25.Jägervi, L. (2014). Who wants to be an ideal victim? A narrative analysis of crime victims` self-presentation. Journal of Scandinavian studies in criminology and crime prevention, 15(1), 73-88.Jurgen R. (1992). Freud`s narrative. from case history to life story, International Forum of Psychoanalysis, 1:1, 51-60.Abrams, K. (2016). Emotional Transitions in Social Movements: The Case of Immigrant Rights Activism in Arizona, Emotional Dynamics of Law and Legal Discourse, 10, 185-209.Katz, I. (1979). Some thoughts about the stigma notion. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 5(4), 447-460.Larcombe, W. (2011). Falling rape conviction rates:(Some) feminist aims and measures for rape law. Feminist Legal Studies, 19(1), 27-45.Link, B. G., & Phelan, J. C. (2001). Conceptualizing stigma. Annual Review of Sociology, 27(1), 363-385.MacKinnon, C. A. (2016). Rape redefined. Harvard Law & Policy Review, 10, 431-477.Oatley, K., & Johnson-Laird, P. N. (1987). Towards a cognitive theory of emotions. Cognition and Emotion, 1(1), 29-50.Sandoval, E. (2019). The Case for an Affirmative Consent Provision in Rape Law. North Dakota Law Review, 94, 455-460.Stryker, S., & Burke, P. (2000). The Past, Present, and Future of an Identity Theory. Social Psychology Quarterly, 63(4), 284-297.Weidner, G., & Griffitt, W. (1983). Rape: A sexual stigma?. Journal of Personality, 51(2), 151-166.Young, K. M. (2014), Legal Consciousness in the Hawaiian Cockfight. Law & Society Review, 48, 499-530. zh_TW dc.identifier.doi (DOI) 10.6814/NCCU202000468 en_US
