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題名 當貨幣走入雲端-新興數位貨幣發展案例之分析
Money Moving to the Cloud - Analyses on Emerging Digital Currency Cases
作者 謝鳳瑛
Hsieh, Feng-Ying
貢獻者 黃東益
謝鳳瑛
Hsieh, Feng-Ying
關鍵詞 數位貨幣
虛擬通貨
穩定幣
無現金社會
央行數位貨幣
Digital money
Virtual Currency
Stablecoin
Cashless society
CBDC
日期 2020
上傳時間 1-Jul-2020 13:56:29 (UTC+8)
摘要 數位貨幣是帶動數位經濟發展非常重要的金融基礎設施，特別是新興數位貨幣應用近年興起的網路雲端技術，採行去中心化(去金融中介化)的分散式架構運作，挑戰行之已久的金融中介體制及國家主權貨幣的地位，進而可能影響一國的金融及貨幣政策，因而備受國際關注。
數位貨幣發展已是不可逆的趨勢，及早研究分析有利於相關公共政策的擬定與執行，因此，本論文透過廣泛蒐集主要國家政府相關單位的資訊及具公信力國際機構的報告，加以彙整解析，希望能對新興數位貨幣的未來發展，提供全球性、客觀的論述，並藉此對國內財金單位政策方向的訂定，提供實務性的參考價值。
近年，國內研究數位貨幣的學術論文及期刊不在少數，惟多針對技術運作機制、商業應用可能性或稅務問題等面向探討，對於數位貨幣體系的主要風險與國際監管層面則較少著墨，特別是風險問題會影響其市場需求，進而影響其發展性，而國際監管趨勢也會深深影響其未來發展，是以本論文將側重風險及監管的分析，論述其未來發展的可能性。為能具體分析風險及監管對新興數位貨幣發展的影響，將以最具代表性的比特幣(Bitcoin)及臉書天秤幣(Libra)為重點分析案例，並進一步探討央行數位貨幣(Central Bank Digital Money，CBDC)的國際研究情況及現金在數位時代的角色。
Digital currency is a very important financial infrastructure that facilitates the development of the digital economy. Digital currency, in particular, based on emerging cloud technology and distributed architecture in a decentralized (financial disintermediation) way, challenging the system of financial intermediation and the status of the sovereign currency that stands for a long time, which in turn may affect financial and monetary policies, has drawn much international attention.
The trend of digital currency’s development is irreversible. Research and analysis earlier are conducive to the planning and implementation of relevant public policies. Therefore, this thesis summarizes and analyzes information from relevant government agencies in major countries and reports from credible international institutions, to provide a global and objective discussion on the future development of emerging digital currencies and a practical reference value for domestic financial authorities to set the policy direction.
In recent years, many domestic academic papers and journals have investigated digital currency, but most of them are focus on technical mechanisms, commercial application possibilities, or tax issues. The main risks of the digital currency system and the regulations in the international aspect are less touched. However, risk issues do affect its market demand, and thus its prospect. The trend of international regulations also strongly determines its future development. Therefore, this thesis focuses on the analysis of risk and supervision and discusses the possibility of its future development. For specifically analyzing the impact of risks and regulation on the development of emerging digital currencies, the most representative Bitcoin and Facebook Libra are selected as key case studies, and the international research of CBDC and the role of cash in the digital age will be further explored.
參考文獻 一、中文
工研院(2019)，「107年度產業投資服務計畫：資通訊產業招商關鍵缺口報告」，1月 30 日，頁8。
中央銀行(2016)，「我國電子支付機制之發展－兼論央行對數位通貨之看法」，3月24日央行理監事會後記者會參考資料，頁1-36。
中央銀行(2018)，「現金在支付系統中扮演的角色」，12月20日央行理監事會後記者會參考資料，頁33-42。
王文宇(2018)，「虛擬貨幣與智能合約的應用與法律問題」，會計研究月刊，397期，頁95-101。
行政院新聞傳播處(2019)，「加速推動行動支付普及」，9月11日。
杜宏毅(2016)，《BLOCK CHAIN的前世今生與未來》，台灣網路認證股份有限公司，8月1日。
卓心雅(2019)，「區塊鏈於能源領域之應用」，月旦會計實務研究，14期，頁73-78。
保羅‧威格納、麥克‧凱西(2018)，《虛擬貨幣革命：區塊鏈科技，物聯網經濟，去中心化金融系統挑戰全球經濟秩序》，大牌出版，8月8日。
馬承佑(2019)，「比特幣交易之營業稅課徵問題」，植根雜誌，35卷5期，頁179-200。
彭裕宣(2019)，「使用虛擬貨幣支付之態度與意願研究」，輔仁大學資訊管理學系碩士在職專班碩士論文，頁1-29。
楊金龍(2019)，「中央銀行貨幣與零售支付系統－兼論財金公司扮演之角色」，11月7日財金資訊股份有限公司年會專題演講。
廖世偉(2019)，「區塊鏈發展趨勢及產業應用」，臺灣經濟論衡，17卷3期，頁67-71。
廖崇崴(2019)，「初探比特幣之民事強制執行」，華岡法粹，67期，頁141-205。
戴佑如(2019)，「使用挖礦軟體探討虛擬貨幣的挖礦效益」，中華大學工業管理學系碩士論文，頁7-24。
謝鳳瑛(2018)，「金融科技對於支付及貨幣之影響」，107年俞國華文教基金會「金融科技與貨幣金融政策」論壇專題，1月10日。
謝鳳瑛(2019)，「臉書計劃發行穩定幣Libra議題」，108年東吳企管財經講堂第4季第4場次與談專題，10月9日。
羅清俊(2006)，「公共政策導論授課講義」，9月9日，頁3-8。

二、英文
Access to Cash Review (2019), Access to Cash Review: Final Report, Mar.
Adrian, Tobias and Mancini-Griffoli, Tommaso (2019), “The Rise of Digital Money,” IMF Publications, FinTech Notes, No. 19/001, Jul, 15.
Amsden, Zachary, et al. (2019), “The Libra Blockchain,” Jul. 23.
Barontini, Christian and Henry Holden (2019), “Proceeding with Caution – A Survey on Central Bank Digital Currency,” BIS Papers, No. 101, Jan. 8.
Bátiz-Lazo, Bernardo, Tobias Karlsson and Björn Thodenius (2014), “The Origins of the Cashless Society: Cash Dispensers, Direct to Account Payment and the Development of On-line Real-time Networks, C. 1965-1985,” Essays in Economic & Business History, Vol.32, 100-137.
Bech, M, Y Shimizu and P Wong (2017), “The Quest for Speed in Payments,” BIS Quarterly Review, Mar.1, 57-68.
Bech Morten and Jenny Hancock(2020), “Innovations in Payments,” BIS Quarterly Review, Mar.1, 21-36.
BIS (2016), “Fast Payments – Enhancing the Speed and Availability of Retail Payments,” BIS Publications, Nov. 8.
BIS (2019), “BigTech and the Changing Structure of Financial Intermediation,” BIS Working Papers, No.779, Apr. 8.
BIS (2019), “Proceeding with Caution – A Survey on Central Bank Digital Currency,” BIS Papers, No. 101, Jan.
BIS (2020), “Impending Arrival－A Sequel to the Survey on Central Bank Digital Currency,” BIS Papers, No. 107, Jan.
Brugge, Jonathan, Olivier Denecker, Hamza Jawaid, Andras Kovacs and Ibrahim Shami (2018), “Attacking the Cost of Cash,” McKinsey on Payments, Jun.
Cartens, Agustin (2020),“Shaping the Future of Payments,”BIS Quarterly Review, Mar.1, 17-20.
Central Banking Newsdesk (2020), “FSB Outline 10-point Plan for Tackling Global Stablecoin Risk,” Central Banking, Apr. 14.
Council of the EU (2019), “Joint Statement by the Council and the Commission on ‘Stablecoins’,” Press Releases, Dec. 5.
EBA (2019), “Report with Advice for the European Commission on Crypto-Assets,” EBA Report, Jan. 2.
ECB (2016), “ECB Ends Production and Issuance of €500 Banknote,” Press Releases, May 4.
ECB (2019), Annual Report 2018, Apr. 1.
Ehrentraud, Johannes, Denise Garcia Ocampo, Lorena Garzoni and Mateo Piccolo (2020), “Policy Responses to Fintech: A Cross-country Overview,” BIS FSI Insights on Policy Implementation, No. 23, Jan.
FATF (2015), “Guidance for a Risk-Based Approach to Virtual Currencies,” FATF Publication, May.
FATF (2019), “Guidance for a Risk-Based Approach to Virtual Assets and Virtual Asset Service Providers,” FATF Recommendation, Jun. 21.
FCA (2019), “Guidance on Cryptoassets,” FCA Consultation Paper, Jan. 23.
FINMA (2019), “FINMA Publishes ‘Stable Coin’ Guidelines,” Sep. 11.
FSB (2017), “Financial Stability Implications from FinTech,” Jun. 27.
FSB (2020), “Addressing the Regulatory, Supervisory and Oversight Challenges Raised by “Global Stablecoin” Arrangements,” Current Consultations, FSB, Apr. 14.
G20 (2018), “G20 Finance Ministers and Central Bank Governors – Communiqué,” G20 Finance Ministers and Central Bank Governors Meetings, Buenos Aires, Mar.
G7 Working Group on Stablecoins (2019) “Investigating the Impact of Global Stablecoins,” Oct.
He, Dong, Ross B Leckow, Vikram Haksar, Tommaso Mancini Griffoli, Nigel Jenkinson, Mikari Kashima, Tanai Khiaonarong, Celine Rochon and Hervé Tourpe (2017), “Fintech and Financial Services: Initial Considerations,” IMF Staff Discussion Notes, No. 17/05, Jun. 19.
Helms, Kevin (2018), “Japan’s FSA Says Stablecoins Are Not Cryptocurrencies,” Oct. 29.
James, Letitia (2019), “Attorney General James Announces Court Order against “Crypto” Currency Company under Investigation for Fraud,” NY Attorney General Press Releases, Apr. 25.
Kharif, Olga (2019), “Bitcoin`s Rally Masks Uncomfortable Fact: Almost Nobody Uses It,” Bloomberg, May 31.
Koranyi, Balazs (2017), “Cryptocurrencies Can Never Drive Out Money - ECB`s Constancio,” Reuters, Nov. 10.
KPMG (2017), 2017 FinTech100, Nov. 16.
Lagarde, Christine (2018), “An Even-Handed Approach to Crypto-Assets,” IMF Blog, Apr. 16.
Mancini-Griffoli, Tommaso, M Martinez Peria, I Agur, A Ari, J Kiff, A Popescu, and C Rochon (2018), “Casting Light on Central Bank Digital Currency,” IMF Staff Discussion Notes, No. 18/08, Nov. 12.
Mersch, Yves (2018), “Virtual or Virtueless? The Evolution of Money in the Digital Age,” Lecture for the Official Monetary and Financial Institutions Forum, London, Feb. 8.
Mersch, Yves (2019), “Money and Private Currencies: Reflections on Libra,” Speech at the ECB Legal Conference, Sep. 2.
Ministère de l`Économie et des Finances and Bundesministerium der Finanzen (2019), “Joint Statement on Libra,” Sep. 13.
Park, Eun-Jee (2019), “Coinless Society Still Full of Coins,” Korea Joongang Daily, Oct. 14.
Schmiedel, Heiko, Gergana Kostova, and Wiebe Ruttenberg (2012), “The Social and Private Costs of Retail Payment Instruments: A European Perspective,” ECB Occasional Paper Series, No. 137, Sep.
Toit, Gerard and Maureen Burns (2017), "Evolving the Customer Experience in Banking," Bain & Company, Nov. 20.
UBS (2018), The Road to Cashless Societies, Apr.
Visa (2017), Cashless Cities: Realizing the Benefits of Digital Payments, Oct.
Visa (2019), Operational Performance Data for the Quarterly Period Ended March 31, 2019.
描述 碩士
國立政治大學
行政管理碩士學程
102921007
資料來源 http://thesis.lib.nccu.edu.tw/record/#G0102921007
資料類型 thesis
dc.contributor.advisor 黃東益zh_TW
dc.contributor.author (Authors) 謝鳳瑛zh_TW
dc.contributor.author (Authors) Hsieh, Feng-Yingen_US
dc.creator (作者) 謝鳳瑛zh_TW
dc.creator (作者) Hsieh, Feng-Yingen_US
dc.date (日期) 2020en_US
dc.date.accessioned 1-Jul-2020 13:56:29 (UTC+8)-
dc.date.available 1-Jul-2020 13:56:29 (UTC+8)-
dc.date.issued (上傳時間) 1-Jul-2020 13:56:29 (UTC+8)-
dc.identifier (Other Identifiers) G0102921007en_US
dc.identifier.uri (URI) http://nccur.lib.nccu.edu.tw/handle/140.119/130620-
dc.description (描述) 碩士zh_TW
dc.description (描述) 國立政治大學zh_TW
dc.description (描述) 行政管理碩士學程zh_TW
dc.description (描述) 102921007zh_TW
dc.description.abstract (摘要) 數位貨幣是帶動數位經濟發展非常重要的金融基礎設施，特別是新興數位貨幣應用近年興起的網路雲端技術，採行去中心化(去金融中介化)的分散式架構運作，挑戰行之已久的金融中介體制及國家主權貨幣的地位，進而可能影響一國的金融及貨幣政策，因而備受國際關注。
數位貨幣發展已是不可逆的趨勢，及早研究分析有利於相關公共政策的擬定與執行，因此，本論文透過廣泛蒐集主要國家政府相關單位的資訊及具公信力國際機構的報告，加以彙整解析，希望能對新興數位貨幣的未來發展，提供全球性、客觀的論述，並藉此對國內財金單位政策方向的訂定，提供實務性的參考價值。
近年，國內研究數位貨幣的學術論文及期刊不在少數，惟多針對技術運作機制、商業應用可能性或稅務問題等面向探討，對於數位貨幣體系的主要風險與國際監管層面則較少著墨，特別是風險問題會影響其市場需求，進而影響其發展性，而國際監管趨勢也會深深影響其未來發展，是以本論文將側重風險及監管的分析，論述其未來發展的可能性。為能具體分析風險及監管對新興數位貨幣發展的影響，將以最具代表性的比特幣(Bitcoin)及臉書天秤幣(Libra)為重點分析案例，並進一步探討央行數位貨幣(Central Bank Digital Money，CBDC)的國際研究情況及現金在數位時代的角色。		zh_TW
dc.description.abstract (摘要) Digital currency is a very important financial infrastructure that facilitates the development of the digital economy. Digital currency, in particular, based on emerging cloud technology and distributed architecture in a decentralized (financial disintermediation) way, challenging the system of financial intermediation and the status of the sovereign currency that stands for a long time, which in turn may affect financial and monetary policies, has drawn much international attention.
The trend of digital currency’s development is irreversible. Research and analysis earlier are conducive to the planning and implementation of relevant public policies. Therefore, this thesis summarizes and analyzes information from relevant government agencies in major countries and reports from credible international institutions, to provide a global and objective discussion on the future development of emerging digital currencies and a practical reference value for domestic financial authorities to set the policy direction.
In recent years, many domestic academic papers and journals have investigated digital currency, but most of them are focus on technical mechanisms, commercial application possibilities, or tax issues. The main risks of the digital currency system and the regulations in the international aspect are less touched. However, risk issues do affect its market demand, and thus its prospect. The trend of international regulations also strongly determines its future development. Therefore, this thesis focuses on the analysis of risk and supervision and discusses the possibility of its future development. For specifically analyzing the impact of risks and regulation on the development of emerging digital currencies, the most representative Bitcoin and Facebook Libra are selected as key case studies, and the international research of CBDC and the role of cash in the digital age will be further explored.		en_US
dc.description.tableofcontents 第一章 緒論 1
第一節 研究動機 2
第二節 分析重點及研究問題 3
第三節 研究架構及方法 5
第二章 文獻回顧 7
第一節 科技加速金融服務創新 8
第二節 科技對支付及貨幣之影響 10
第三節 無現金社會的推動與反思 17
第四節 新興數位貨幣的崛起 24
第三章 比特幣等虛擬通貨發展之分析 27
第一節 發展至今是否具貨幣功能 27
第二節 趨向類金融產品發展情形 31
第三節 投資風險的探討 35
第四節 監管要求的考驗 37
第四章 臉書天秤幣Libra之解析 39
第一節 臉書規劃推出Libra為全球通貨 39
第二節 涉及風險層面廣泛 42
第三節 國際監管目的 46
第四節 國際一致監管趨勢的挑戰 47
第五章 央行數位貨幣(CBDC)之評估 53
第一節 CBDC是國家保證的主權貨幣 53
第二節 CBDC未來可能的設計 54
第三節 國際研究CBDC概況 55
第四節 合成型及國際型CBDC 61
第五節 現金在數位時代的角色 63
第六章 總結 65
第一節 研究發現與實務建議 65
第二節 研究限制與未來研究建議 69
參考文獻 70		zh_TW
dc.format.extent 4577589 bytes-
dc.format.mimetype application/pdf-
dc.source.uri (資料來源) http://thesis.lib.nccu.edu.tw/record/#G0102921007en_US
dc.subject (關鍵詞) 數位貨幣zh_TW
dc.subject (關鍵詞) 虛擬通貨zh_TW
dc.subject (關鍵詞) 穩定幣zh_TW
dc.subject (關鍵詞) 無現金社會zh_TW
dc.subject (關鍵詞) 央行數位貨幣zh_TW
dc.subject (關鍵詞) Digital moneyen_US
dc.subject (關鍵詞) Virtual Currencyen_US
dc.subject (關鍵詞) Stablecoinen_US
dc.subject (關鍵詞) Cashless societyen_US
dc.subject (關鍵詞) CBDCen_US
dc.title (題名) 當貨幣走入雲端-新興數位貨幣發展案例之分析zh_TW
dc.title (題名) Money Moving to the Cloud - Analyses on Emerging Digital Currency Casesen_US
dc.type (資料類型) thesisen_US
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 一、中文
工研院(2019)，「107年度產業投資服務計畫：資通訊產業招商關鍵缺口報告」，1月 30 日，頁8。
中央銀行(2016)，「我國電子支付機制之發展－兼論央行對數位通貨之看法」，3月24日央行理監事會後記者會參考資料，頁1-36。
中央銀行(2018)，「現金在支付系統中扮演的角色」，12月20日央行理監事會後記者會參考資料，頁33-42。
王文宇(2018)，「虛擬貨幣與智能合約的應用與法律問題」，會計研究月刊，397期，頁95-101。
行政院新聞傳播處(2019)，「加速推動行動支付普及」，9月11日。
杜宏毅(2016)，《BLOCK CHAIN的前世今生與未來》，台灣網路認證股份有限公司，8月1日。
卓心雅(2019)，「區塊鏈於能源領域之應用」，月旦會計實務研究，14期，頁73-78。
保羅‧威格納、麥克‧凱西(2018)，《虛擬貨幣革命：區塊鏈科技，物聯網經濟，去中心化金融系統挑戰全球經濟秩序》，大牌出版，8月8日。
馬承佑(2019)，「比特幣交易之營業稅課徵問題」，植根雜誌，35卷5期，頁179-200。
彭裕宣(2019)，「使用虛擬貨幣支付之態度與意願研究」，輔仁大學資訊管理學系碩士在職專班碩士論文，頁1-29。
楊金龍(2019)，「中央銀行貨幣與零售支付系統－兼論財金公司扮演之角色」，11月7日財金資訊股份有限公司年會專題演講。
廖世偉(2019)，「區塊鏈發展趨勢及產業應用」，臺灣經濟論衡，17卷3期，頁67-71。
廖崇崴(2019)，「初探比特幣之民事強制執行」，華岡法粹，67期，頁141-205。
戴佑如(2019)，「使用挖礦軟體探討虛擬貨幣的挖礦效益」，中華大學工業管理學系碩士論文，頁7-24。
謝鳳瑛(2018)，「金融科技對於支付及貨幣之影響」，107年俞國華文教基金會「金融科技與貨幣金融政策」論壇專題，1月10日。
謝鳳瑛(2019)，「臉書計劃發行穩定幣Libra議題」，108年東吳企管財經講堂第4季第4場次與談專題，10月9日。
羅清俊(2006)，「公共政策導論授課講義」，9月9日，頁3-8。

二、英文
Access to Cash Review (2019), Access to Cash Review: Final Report, Mar.
Adrian, Tobias and Mancini-Griffoli, Tommaso (2019), “The Rise of Digital Money,” IMF Publications, FinTech Notes, No. 19/001, Jul, 15.
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dc.identifier.doi (DOI) 10.6814/NCCU202000606en_US