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題名 導入工業4.0支援組織關鍵活動之促進與阻礙因素
The Enablers and Inhibitors’ Influences of Implementing Industry 4.0 on Organizational Critical Activities作者 劉冠宏
Liu, Kuan-Hung貢獻者 洪為璽
Hung, Wei-Hsi
劉冠宏
Liu, Kuan-Hung關鍵詞 組織關鍵活動
傳統製造業
工業4.0
促進與阻礙因素
紮根理論
組織互動式鑽石模型
Organizational Critical Activities
Traditional Manufacturing
Enabler and Inhibitor
Grounded Theory
Organizational Interaction Diamond model
Industry 4.0日期 2020 上傳時間 3-Aug-2020 17:36:25 (UTC+8) 摘要 工業4.0的發展，從最初自動化設備、虛實整合系統到完整智慧工廠的概念，而近年來由於5G、物聯網、人工智慧、機器學習等技術，能夠有效對所蒐集的數據進行分析利用。目前，台灣的傳統製造業正面臨逐漸改變的產品環境，包含:個人客製化、產品的生命周期縮短、設備以及材料需要不停地做改變以及市場的競爭增加。因此，傳統產業開始以工業4.0作為改造企業的方向，以因應未來變化以及需求增加的市場。本研究針對傳統中小型金屬製造業，探討組織導入工業4.0其對組織關鍵活動的影響以及可能潛在的促進以及阻礙的導入因素，透過個案研究分析某中部傳統金屬加工業公司導入工業4.0歷程，並藉由深度訪談法蒐集內部高、中階管理人員訪談資料，最後以紮根理論進行分析歸納結果。本研究結果發現，個案的組織關鍵活動集中於生產製造上，較具影響的內外部因素來自與組織關鍵活動相關的問題上。在導入工業4.0上的促進與阻礙因素分為四項為規劃面、執行面、管理面、技術面:(1)規劃面需要注意企業需要有完善的流程掌控、足夠的技術人力、符合流程需求的設備系統、組織的投入、人員溝通協調，才能規劃出符合需求的設備系統；(2)執行面則須注意組織內部人員對導入推行的理解與執行動力，並配合人力教育訓練、舊有人力安排以提升人員素質減少人員抗拒，避免成效不足；(3)管理面則強調了人員的溝通以及組織關鍵活動、組織需求以及資訊科技的結合，能夠有效讓工業4.0符合組織流程；(4)技術面則強調不同的設備與系統要有不同的處理方式與人員要求。最後本研究期待研究成果能提供未來組織關鍵活動與工業4.0導入上的深入研究參考以及提供相關公司產業決策經驗參考以及分析架構。
The development of Industry 4.0 has experienced from automated manufacturing and cyber-physic system to smart factory. In recent years, due to the development of 5G, Internet of Things, artificial intelligence, machine learning and other technologies, data can be effectively analyzed and utilized for manufacturing. Currently, the market environment of traditional manufacturing industry in Taiwan is changing. Problems like personal customization, shortened product life cycle, constant changes in equipment and materials, and market competition are also emerging. Therefore, Industry 4.0 turned out to be a solution for traditional small and medium enterprises (SMEs) to adapt to future changes and market demand.This study focused on traditional manufacturing SMEs and collected research data through cases studies and interviews with managers in order to explore the impacts of organizational critical activities (OCAs) after implementing Industry 4.0. Furthermore, the enabler and inhibitor factors were identified through result analysis based on grounded theory.The results indicated that OCAs mostly are related to manufacturing. Internal and external factors of organizations which affect the implement are mostly related to the OCAs. In terms of the factors that affect the implement of Industry 4.0, they could be categorized into four aspects: planning, execution, management and technique. (1) From the aspect of planning, organization needs to pay attention to process control, sufficient technical manpower, and equipment systems that help meet the process requirements, organizational investment, personal communication and coordination. (2) From the aspect of execution, organization can plan employee trainings to acquaint the employees’ with the knowledge and organization’s motivation of the implementation of Industry 4.0. (3) From the aspect of management, to make Industry 4.0 meet the organizational process, the organization has to combine communication, OCAs, needs and IT. (4) From the aspect of technique, different equipment and systems require different import methods and human resource. 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國立政治大學
資訊管理學系
107356027資料來源 http://thesis.lib.nccu.edu.tw/record/#G0107356027 資料類型 thesis dc.contributor.advisor 洪為璽 zh_TW dc.contributor.advisor Hung, Wei-Hsi en_US dc.contributor.author (Authors) 劉冠宏 zh_TW dc.contributor.author (Authors) Liu, Kuan-Hung en_US dc.creator (作者) 劉冠宏 zh_TW dc.creator (作者) Liu, Kuan-Hung en_US dc.date (日期) 2020 en_US dc.date.accessioned 3-Aug-2020 17:36:25 (UTC+8) - dc.date.available 3-Aug-2020 17:36:25 (UTC+8) - dc.date.issued (上傳時間) 3-Aug-2020 17:36:25 (UTC+8) - dc.identifier (Other Identifiers) G0107356027 en_US dc.identifier.uri (URI) http://nccur.lib.nccu.edu.tw/handle/140.119/130981 - dc.description (描述) 碩士 zh_TW dc.description (描述) 國立政治大學 zh_TW dc.description (描述) 資訊管理學系 zh_TW dc.description (描述) 107356027 zh_TW dc.description.abstract (摘要) 工業4.0的發展，從最初自動化設備、虛實整合系統到完整智慧工廠的概念，而近年來由於5G、物聯網、人工智慧、機器學習等技術，能夠有效對所蒐集的數據進行分析利用。目前，台灣的傳統製造業正面臨逐漸改變的產品環境，包含:個人客製化、產品的生命周期縮短、設備以及材料需要不停地做改變以及市場的競爭增加。因此，傳統產業開始以工業4.0作為改造企業的方向，以因應未來變化以及需求增加的市場。本研究針對傳統中小型金屬製造業，探討組織導入工業4.0其對組織關鍵活動的影響以及可能潛在的促進以及阻礙的導入因素，透過個案研究分析某中部傳統金屬加工業公司導入工業4.0歷程，並藉由深度訪談法蒐集內部高、中階管理人員訪談資料，最後以紮根理論進行分析歸納結果。本研究結果發現，個案的組織關鍵活動集中於生產製造上，較具影響的內外部因素來自與組織關鍵活動相關的問題上。在導入工業4.0上的促進與阻礙因素分為四項為規劃面、執行面、管理面、技術面:(1)規劃面需要注意企業需要有完善的流程掌控、足夠的技術人力、符合流程需求的設備系統、組織的投入、人員溝通協調，才能規劃出符合需求的設備系統；(2)執行面則須注意組織內部人員對導入推行的理解與執行動力，並配合人力教育訓練、舊有人力安排以提升人員素質減少人員抗拒，避免成效不足；(3)管理面則強調了人員的溝通以及組織關鍵活動、組織需求以及資訊科技的結合，能夠有效讓工業4.0符合組織流程；(4)技術面則強調不同的設備與系統要有不同的處理方式與人員要求。最後本研究期待研究成果能提供未來組織關鍵活動與工業4.0導入上的深入研究參考以及提供相關公司產業決策經驗參考以及分析架構。 zh_TW dc.description.abstract (摘要) The development of Industry 4.0 has experienced from automated manufacturing and cyber-physic system to smart factory. In recent years, due to the development of 5G, Internet of Things, artificial intelligence, machine learning and other technologies, data can be effectively analyzed and utilized for manufacturing. Currently, the market environment of traditional manufacturing industry in Taiwan is changing. Problems like personal customization, shortened product life cycle, constant changes in equipment and materials, and market competition are also emerging. Therefore, Industry 4.0 turned out to be a solution for traditional small and medium enterprises (SMEs) to adapt to future changes and market demand.This study focused on traditional manufacturing SMEs and collected research data through cases studies and interviews with managers in order to explore the impacts of organizational critical activities (OCAs) after implementing Industry 4.0. Furthermore, the enabler and inhibitor factors were identified through result analysis based on grounded theory.The results indicated that OCAs mostly are related to manufacturing. Internal and external factors of organizations which affect the implement are mostly related to the OCAs. In terms of the factors that affect the implement of Industry 4.0, they could be categorized into four aspects: planning, execution, management and technique. (1) From the aspect of planning, organization needs to pay attention to process control, sufficient technical manpower, and equipment systems that help meet the process requirements, organizational investment, personal communication and coordination. (2) From the aspect of execution, organization can plan employee trainings to acquaint the employees’ with the knowledge and organization’s motivation of the implementation of Industry 4.0. (3) From the aspect of management, to make Industry 4.0 meet the organizational process, the organization has to combine communication, OCAs, needs and IT. (4) From the aspect of technique, different equipment and systems require different import methods and human resource. Finally, this research expects that the results can provide helpful research implications for future OCAs and the implement of Industry 4.0, as well as relevant industry decision-making experience and analysis frameworks for business companies. en_US dc.description.tableofcontents 第一章 緒論 1第一節 研究背景與動機 1第二節 研究目的與問題 5第三節 研究流程 6第二章 文獻探討 8第一節 工業4.0 8第二節 組織關鍵活動 20第三節 促進與阻礙因素 26第四節 組織互動式鑽石模型 30第三章 研究方法 33第一節 研究概念 33第二節 研究設計 36第三節 研究品質 45第四章 個案結果 49第一節 H個案公司背景 49第二節 個案公司之組織關鍵活動 54第三節 個案公司之工業4.0導入前因 65第四節 H公司導入工業4.0影響因素 77第五章 分析與討論 84第一節 工業4.0導入之規劃與執行 84第二節 工業4.0導入促進與阻礙探討 96第六章 研究結論與建議 102第一節 研究結論 102第二節 研究貢獻 105第三節 研究限制與後續研究建議 106參考文獻 108附錄一 OCA與促進阻礙因素訪談大綱 119附錄二 編碼索引表 122表目錄表 1 組織的活動層級 20表 2 通用的組織關鍵活動 23表 3 訪談對象列表 41表 4 適用四種檢驗的各項研究策略 45表 5 H公司之成功與組織關鍵活動 54表 6 H公司導入工業4.0內部因素 65表 7 H公司導入工業4.0外部因素 72表 8 H公司導入工業4.0促進與阻礙因素 77表 9 規劃面促進與阻礙因素 85表 10 執行面促進與阻礙因素 90 圖目錄圖 1 2016全球製造業競爭力指標 2圖 2 研究流程圖 7圖 3 工業革命發展 9圖 4 製造業自動化歷程 18圖 5 流程、任務、活動和組織關鍵活動範疇 21圖 6 組織關鍵活動的概念化模型 22圖 7 組織關鍵活動的找尋方法 25圖 8 組織互動式鑽石模型 31圖 9 研究流程圖 36圖 10 個案企業智慧工廠情境 40圖 11 H公司工業4.0導入規劃階段 52圖 12 H公司導入工業4.0概念圖 54圖 13 工業4.0導入概念架構 84圖 14 工業4.0導入管理面概念模型 97圖 15 工業4.0導入系統客製化與人員素質差異圖 99 zh_TW dc.format.extent 3777523 bytes - dc.format.mimetype application/pdf - dc.source.uri (資料來源) http://thesis.lib.nccu.edu.tw/record/#G0107356027 en_US dc.subject (關鍵詞) 組織關鍵活動 zh_TW dc.subject (關鍵詞) 傳統製造業 zh_TW dc.subject (關鍵詞) 工業4.0 zh_TW dc.subject (關鍵詞) 促進與阻礙因素 zh_TW dc.subject (關鍵詞) 紮根理論 zh_TW dc.subject (關鍵詞) 組織互動式鑽石模型 zh_TW dc.subject (關鍵詞) Organizational Critical Activities en_US dc.subject (關鍵詞) Traditional Manufacturing en_US dc.subject (關鍵詞) Enabler and Inhibitor en_US dc.subject (關鍵詞) Grounded Theory en_US dc.subject (關鍵詞) Organizational Interaction Diamond model en_US dc.subject (關鍵詞) Industry 4.0 en_US dc.title (題名) 導入工業4.0支援組織關鍵活動之促進與阻礙因素 zh_TW dc.title (題名) The Enablers and Inhibitors’ Influences of Implementing Industry 4.0 on Organizational Critical Activities en_US dc.type (資料類型) thesis en_US dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 中文部分王子豪（2020）。 以OCA觀點分析工業4.0組織決策之研究。逢甲大學工業工程與系統管理學系博士論文，台中市。李家汶（2014）。 建構組織關鍵活動與資訊科技使用模式之理想廓形: 以連鎖餐飲業為例. 中正大學資訊管理學系學位論文, 1-188。林昀臻（2011）。連結網站與組織關鍵活動之關鍵成功因素：以製造業為例。國立中正大學資訊管理學系暨研究所碩士論文，嘉義縣。林東清（2013）。「資訊管理：e 化企業的核心競爭能力 (五版) 」，智勝文化。林書凱（2014）。企業策略類型、組織關鍵活動與行動商務科技應用連結對企業績效之影響。國立中正大學資訊管理學系暨研究所碩士論文，嘉義縣。洪奇祿（2013）。探討組織關鍵活動與資訊科技能力之連結對企業績效之影響。國立中正大學資訊管理學系暨研究所碩士論文，嘉義縣。洪為璽 與 林昀臻(2011年4月)。 組織關鍵活動與網站連結關鍵因素之個案研究。 2011商管與資訊研討會, 台北大學資訊管理研究所。胡夢鯨（民85）。成人教育學習理論模型論成人教育專業化人才的培育。成人教育雙月刊，29，12-20。韋康博（2015）。工業4.0，從製造業到智造業，下一波產業革命如何天賦全世界，商周出版，12月。張碩毅、洪育忠、洪為璽、張益誠 與 彭添誠。（2009）。 以系統生命週期與鑽石模式探討影響企業採用行動商務關鍵成功因素之研究。 資訊管理學報, 16(3), 85-110。許文琇（2009）。組織關鍵活動與組織策略類型之關聯研究：以高科技產業為例。國立中正大學資訊管理所碩士論文，嘉義縣。曾筱淇 （2014）。 以 GAHP 探索資訊科技在組織關鍵活動的投資決策因素. 中正大學資訊管理學系學位論文, 1-177。賀正楚 與 潘紅玉。 （2015）。 德 國 “工 業 4.0” 與 “中 國 制 造 2025”. 長沙理工大學學報 (社會科學版), 3。勤業眾信（2019）。工業4.0新戰略與發展途徑，台灣，勤業眾信聯合會計師事務所。謝斐宇（2017）。從頭家島到隱形冠軍： 台灣中小企業的轉型，1996-2011。李宗榮、林宗弘編，《未竟的奇蹟：轉型中的台灣經濟與社會》，頁346-382，Taipei：中央研究院社會所。參考網站DIGITIMES企劃(民104年11月26日)。落實生產力4.0藉智動化推升台灣製造力。DIGITIMES。取自: https://www.digitimes.com.tw/iot/article.asp?cat=130&id=451554TechOrange (民106年1月5日)。【製造業轉型省思系列】宏遠紡織擁抱工業 4.0：生產時間省 3 倍，一年回收 3000 萬台幣。民109年4月29日，取自: https://buzzorange.com/techorange/2017/01/05/hung-yuan/李旭(民105年3月21日)。福斯《VW Phaeton》車系停產 德勒斯登「透明工廠」將隨之轉型。KING AUTOS。民109年4月29日，取自https://www.kingautos.net/67170涂翠珊 (民109年4月27日)。新5G技術助工業4.0再升級。Digitimes。民109年5月11日，取自: https://www.digitimes.com.tw/iot/article.asp?cat=158&cat1=20&cat2=10&id=0000583692_X5156ZTTLP5C9H1OGAMUG陳建鈞(民108年11月14日)。智慧造鞋卡關、結束兩間機器人工廠，Adidas升級工業4.0遇到什麼阻礙？。數位時代。民109年4月29日，取自: https://www.bnext.com.tw/article/55494/adidas-speedfactories勞動部統計處(民109)。檢索日期 民109年4月24日，取自: https://www.mol.gov.tw/statistics/2475/2477/3536/?Page=1&PageSize=10賀桂芬(民105年7月6日)。西門子 工業4.0的究極攻略：成為世界工廠的工廠。天下雜誌。民109年4月29日，取自: https://www.cw.com.tw/article/article.action?id=5077242&from=search賀桂芬, 熊毅晰(民108年1月15日)。【重磅調查】566家企業智慧製造大盤點：誰是最佳工業4.0企業?。天下雜誌。民109年4月29日，取自: https://www.cw.com.tw/article/article.action?id=5093664經濟部中小企業處(民107年3月15日)。中小企業發展面臨問題與因應對策。國家發展委員會。民109年5月17日，取自: https://ws.ndc.gov.tw/Download.ashx?u=LzAwMS9hZG1pbmlzdHJhdG9yLzEwL3JlbGZpbGUvNjgxMi8yODQyOC8wNzYzZTg4MS03MzQ0LTRjNTctYjUyZC1mOThhMmI5YmY1MDYucGRm&n=5aCx5ZGK5qGIICDkuK3lsI%2FkvIHmpa3nmbzlsZXpnaLoh6jllY%2FpoYzoiIflm6Dmh4nlsI3nrZYo57aT5r%2Bf6YOoKS5wZGY%3D&icon=..pdf經濟部投資業務處(民109年3月26日)。回流臺商再添電腦周邊生力軍 投資臺灣三大方案達9252億元。經濟部。民109年4月29日，取自:https://www.moea.gov.tw/MNS/populace/news/News.aspx?kind=1&menu_id=40&news_id=89119經濟部統計處查詢系統(民109)。檢索日期 民109年5月10日，取自: https://www.moea.gov.tw/Mns/dos/home/Home.aspx嚴思涵（民104年8月31日）。 三星電子與南韓政府合資推動智慧工廠。DIGITIMES。民109年5月17日，取自: https://www.digitimes.com.tw/tech/dt/n/shwnws.asp?id=0000441133_qu02284z2u53dz41oyg2e沈培華(民108年3月14日)。《科技》SEMI：風險與資安管理，成工業4.0發展挑戰。民109年7月10日，取自: https://www.chinatimes.com/realtimenews/20190314001627-260410?chdtv英文部分Ajzen, I. 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