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題名 財務報表品質之決定因素：以越南上市公司為例
Determinants of Financial Reporting Quality of Publicly Listed Companies in Vietnam作者 黎黃淑賢
Hien, Le Hoang Thuc貢獻者 陳宇紳
Chen, Vincent
黎黃淑賢
Le Hoang Thuc Hien關鍵詞 財務報表品質
越南
審計公司
董事會性別
產業
Financial reporting quality
Vietnam
auditing firms
board gender
industry日期 2020 上傳時間 3-Aug-2020 17:47:39 (UTC+8) 摘要 In the past few years, Vietnam has experienced a lot of events in the context of global integration, which have made impact on the accounting profession and regulations. Thus, improving the financial reporting quality to accommodate these changes is important. There were a number of studies in the relationship between the different factors and financial reporting quality, yet their relationship remained conflicting in Vietnam. Against this background, I investigate the determinants of financial reporting quality of listed companies in Vietnamese stock market with a sample of 347 companies listed on stock exchanges in Hochiminh City (HOSE) from 2015 to 2018. I find that the firm size, board gender and listing age are significantly associated with the quality of financial information. 參考文獻 Adams, R.B., Almeida, H. and Ferreira, D. (2005). Powerful CEOs and Their Impact on Corporate Performance. Review of Financial Studies, 18(4), pp.1403–1432.Adams, R.B. and Ferreira, D. (2009). Women in the boardroom and their impact on governance and performance☆. Journal of Financial Economics, 94(2), pp.291–309.Akhtaruddin, M. (2005). Corporate mandatory disclosure practices in Bangladesh. The International Journal of Accounting, 40(4), pp.399–422.Archambault, J.J. and Archambault, M.E. (2003). A multinational test of determinants of corporate disclosure. The International Journal of Accounting, 38(2), pp.173–194.Arun, T.G., Almahrog, Y.E. and Ali Aribi, Z. (2015). Female directors and earnings management: Evidence from UK companies. International Review of Financial Analysis, 39(10575219), pp.137–146.Badolato, P.G., Donelson, D.C. and Ege, M. (2014). Audit committee financial expertise and earnings management: The role of status. Journal of Accounting and Economics, 58(2–3), pp.208–230.Barako, D.G., Hancock, P. and Izan, H.Y. (2006). Factors Influencing Voluntary Corporate Disclosure by Kenyan Companies. Corporate Governance: An International Review, 14(2), pp.107–125.Chen, C.J.P. and Jaggi, B. (2000). Association between independent non-executive directors, family control and financial disclosures in Hong Kong. Journal of Accounting and Public Policy, 19(4–5), pp.285–310.Cheng, E.C.M. and Courtenay, S.M. (2006). Board composition, regulatory regime and voluntary disclosure. The International Journal of Accounting, 41(3), pp.262–289.Coles, J., Daniel, N. and Naveen, L. (2006). Managerial incentives and risk-taking☆. Journal of Financial Economics, [online] 79(2), pp.431–468. Available at: https://astro.temple.edu/~lnaveen/documents/jfe_feb2006_published.pdf.Dechow, P.M., Sloan, R.G. and Sweeney, A.P. (1995). Detecting Earnings Management. The Accounting Review, [online] 70(2), pp.193–225. Available at: https://www.jstor.org/stable/248303?seq=1#metadata_info_tab_contents [Accessed 3 May 2020].García-Meca, E. and Sánchez-Ballesta, J.P. (2009). Corporate Governance and Earnings Management: A Meta-Analysis. Corporate Governance: An International Review, 17(5), pp.594–610.Gavious, I., Segev, E. and Yosef, R. (2012). Female directors and earnings management in high-technology firms. Pacific accounting review, [online] 24(1). Available at: https://www.econbiz.de/Record/female-directors-and-earnings-management-in-high-technology-firms-gavious-ilanit/10009562353 [Accessed 3 May 2020].Ghosh, S. (2006). Do board characteristics affect corporate performance? Firm-level evidence for India. Applied Economics Letters, 13(7), pp.435–443.Gietzmann, M. and Ireland, J. (2005). Cost of Capital, Strategic Disclosures and Accounting Choice. Journal of Business Finance & Accounting, 32(3–4), pp.599–634.González, J.S. and Meca, E.G. (2014). Does Corporate Governance Influence Earnings Management in Latin American Markets? Journal of Business Ethics, 121(3), pp.419–440.Gul, F.A., Fung, S.Y.K. and Jaggi, B. (2009). Earnings quality: Some evidence on the role of auditor tenure and auditors’ industry expertise. Journal of Accounting and Economics, [online] 47(3), pp.265–287. Available at: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0165410109000135 [Accessed 3 May 2020].Ha, X.T. and Nguyen, T.N. (2015). Xác định các nhân tố ảnh hưởng đến mức độ công bố thông tin tự nguyện trên báo cáo thường niên của các doanh nghiệp trên sàn chứng khoán Việt Nam.Hackston, D. and Milne, M.J. (1996). Some determinants of social and environmental disclosures in New Zealand companies. Accounting, Auditing & Accountability Journal, 9(1), pp.77–108.Haniffa, R.M. and Cooke, T.E. (2002). Culture, Corporate Governance and Disclosure in Malaysian Corporations. Abacus, 38(3), pp.317–349.Healy, P.M. and Wahlen, J.M. (1999). A Review of the Earnings Management Literature and its Implications for Standard Setting. [online] papers.ssrn.com. Available at: https://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=156445 [Accessed 7 May 2020].Hossain, M. (2008). The Extent of Disclosure in Annual Reports of Banking Companies: The Case of India. European Journal of Scientific Research, [online] 23(4), pp.660–681. Available at: https://core.ac.uk/download/pdf/143889735.pdf [Accessed 24 May 2020].Huang, H.W., Ena, R.G. and Lee, C.C. (2012). CEO Age and Financial Reporting Quality. Accounting Horizons, 26(4), pp.725–740.Huynh, T.D., Doan, V.D. and Gong, G.M. eds., (2012). Vietnamese Accounting System Reform - Review and Prospect. [online] semanticsholar.org. Available at: https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/Vietnamese-Accounting-System-Reform-Review-and-Dung-Dinh/7268a3b03e2c9fee3e3f4a3b8d7a58ddcacc0853 [Accessed 3 May 2020].Ika, M. and Regina, J.A. (2011). Timeliness of Financial Reporting: An Empirical Study in Indonesia Stock Exchange. The Indonesian Journal of Accounting Research, [online] 14(3). Available at: http://ijar-iaikapd.or.id/index.php/ijar/article/view/243 [Accessed 24 May 2020].Jensen, M.C. and Meckling, W.H. (1976). Theory of the firm: Managerial behavior, agency costs and ownership structure. Journal of Financial Economics, 3(4), pp.305–360.Kent, P., Routledge, J. and Stewart, J. (2010). Innate and discretionary accruals quality and corporate governance. Accounting & Finance, 50(1), pp.171–195.Krishnan, G.V. and Parsons, L.M. (2008). Getting to the Bottom Line: An Exploration of Gender and Earnings Quality. Journal of Business Ethics, 78(1–2), pp.65–76.Lang, M.H. and Lundholm, R.J. (2000). Voluntary Disclosure and Equity Offerings: Reducing Information Asymmetry or Hyping the Stock?. Contemporary Accounting Research, 17(4), pp.623–662.Leung, Q.W.Y., Morris, R.D. and Gray, S.J. (2005). Corporate transparency in China: Factors influencing financial disclosure levels. School of Accounting, University of New South Wales. Working paper.Leung, S. and Horwitz, B. (2004). Director Ownership and Voluntary Segment Disclosure: Hong Kong Evidence. Journal of International Financial Management and Accounting, 15(3), pp.235–260.Ng, E.J. and Koh, H.C. (1994). An Agency Theory and Probit Analytic Approach to Corporate Non-mandatory Disclosure Compliance. Asia-Pacific Journal of Accounting, 1(1), pp.29–44.Nguyen, T.T. (2016). Ảnh hưởng của kiểm soát nội bộ đến chất lượng thông tin tài chính của các công ty niêm yết phi tài chính trên TTCK Việt Nam. Financial reporting manipulation of Vietnamese listed companies. Vietnam National University, University of Economics & Business. Conference paper.Owusu-Ansah, S. (1998). The impact of corporate attribites on the extent of mandatory disclosure and reporting by listed companies in Zimbabwe. The International Journal of Accounting, 33(5), pp.605–631.Patten, D.M. (1991). Exposure, legitimacy, and social disclosure. Journal of Accounting and Public Policy, [online] 10(4), pp.297–308. Available at: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/0278425491900033 [Accessed 10 Aug. 2019].Raffournier, B. (1995). The determinants of voluntary financial disclosure by Swiss listed companies. European Accounting Review, 4(2), pp.261–280.Rafiee, S.Z. and Heidarpoor, F. (2014). The effective factors of financial information quality in listed companies on Tehran Stock Exchange. International Journal of Accounting and Financial Reporting, 1(1), p.201.Roberts, R.W. (1992). Determinants of corporate social responsibility disclosure: An application of stakeholder theory. Accounting, Organizations and Society, 17(6), pp.595–612.Singhvi, S.S. and Desai, H.B. (1971). An Empirical Analysis of the Quality of Corporate Financial Disclosure. The Accounting Review, [online] 46(1), pp.129–138. Available at: https://www.jstor.org/stable/243894?seq=1#metadata_info_tab_contents [Accessed 5 Apr. 2020].Srinidhi, B., Gul, F.A. and Tsui, J. (2011). Female Directors and Earnings Quality. Contemporary Accounting Research, 28(5), pp.1610–1644.Tran, T.T. (2018). The Development Path of Vietnamese Accounting System. International Journal of Economics and Finance, [online] 10(5), pp.154–164. Available at: https://ideas.repec.org/a/ibn/ijefaa/v10y2018i5p154-164.html [Accessed 7 May 2020].Van Beest, F., Braam, G. and Boelens, S. (2009). Quality of Financial Reporting: measuring qualitative characteristics. [online] Available at: https://www.ru.nl/publish/pages/516298/nice_09108.pdf [Accessed 5 Apr. 2020].Verrecchia, R.E. (1983). Discretionary disclosure. Journal of Accounting and Economics, 5, pp.179–194.Vu, K.B.A.H. (2012). Determinants of voluntary disclosure for Vietnamese listed firms. [online] Available at: https://espace.curtin.edu.au/handle/20.500.11937/2181.Wallace, R.S.O. and Naser, K. (1995). Firm-specific determinants of the comprehensiveness of mandatory disclosure in the corporate annual reports of firms listed on the stock exchange of Hong Kong. Journal of Accounting and Public Policy, 14(4), pp.311–368.Wang, L. and Yung, K. (2011). Do State Enterprises Manage Earnings More than Privately Owned Firms? The Case of China. Journal of Business Finance & Accounting, 38(7–8), pp.794–812.Watts, R.L. and Zimmerman, J.L. (1990). Positive Accounting Theory: A Ten Year Perspective. The Accounting Review, [online] 65(1), pp.131–156. Available at: https://www.jstor.org/stable/247880?seq=1#metadata_info_tab_contents.Wooldridge, J.M. (2018). INTRODUCTORY ECONOMETRICS : a modern approach. S.L.: Cengage Learning.Xiao, H. and Yuan, J. (2007). Ownership structure, board composition and corporate voluntary disclosure. Managerial Auditing Journal, 22(6), pp.604–619.Xiao, J.Z., Yang, H. and Chow, C.W. (2004). The determinants and characteristics of voluntary Internet-based disclosures by listed Chinese companies. Journal of Accounting and Public Policy, [online] 23(3), pp.191–225. Available at: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0278425404000213 [Accessed 5 Apr. 2020].Zahra, S.A., Neubaum, D.O. and Huse, M. (2000). Entrepreneurship in Medium-Size Companies: Exploring the Effects of Ownership and Governance Systems. Journal of Management, 26(5), pp.947–976. 描述 碩士
國立政治大學
國際經營管理英語碩士學位學程(IMBA)
107933049資料來源 http://thesis.lib.nccu.edu.tw/record/#G0107933049 資料類型 thesis dc.contributor.advisor 陳宇紳 zh_TW dc.contributor.advisor Chen, Vincent en_US dc.contributor.author (Authors) 黎黃淑賢 zh_TW dc.contributor.author (Authors) Le Hoang Thuc Hien en_US dc.creator (作者) 黎黃淑賢 zh_TW dc.creator (作者) Hien, Le Hoang Thuc en_US dc.date (日期) 2020 en_US dc.date.accessioned 3-Aug-2020 17:47:39 (UTC+8) - dc.date.available 3-Aug-2020 17:47:39 (UTC+8) - dc.date.issued (上傳時間) 3-Aug-2020 17:47:39 (UTC+8) - dc.identifier (Other Identifiers) G0107933049 en_US dc.identifier.uri (URI) http://nccur.lib.nccu.edu.tw/handle/140.119/131052 - dc.description (描述) 碩士 zh_TW dc.description (描述) 國立政治大學 zh_TW dc.description (描述) 國際經營管理英語碩士學位學程(IMBA) zh_TW dc.description (描述) 107933049 zh_TW dc.description.abstract (摘要) In the past few years, Vietnam has experienced a lot of events in the context of global integration, which have made impact on the accounting profession and regulations. Thus, improving the financial reporting quality to accommodate these changes is important. There were a number of studies in the relationship between the different factors and financial reporting quality, yet their relationship remained conflicting in Vietnam. Against this background, I investigate the determinants of financial reporting quality of listed companies in Vietnamese stock market with a sample of 347 companies listed on stock exchanges in Hochiminh City (HOSE) from 2015 to 2018. I find that the firm size, board gender and listing age are significantly associated with the quality of financial information. en_US dc.description.tableofcontents 1. CHAPTER 1: INTRODUCTION 11.1. Rationale for the research 11.2. Research objectives 41.3. Subject and scope of research 41.4. Research methodology 42. CHAPTER 2: LITERATURE REVIEW 52.1. Financial reporting quality 52.2. Overview of accounting and reporting practice in Vietnam 72.3. Prior research of determinants of financial reporting quality and hypothesis development 112.3.1. Firm size 112.3.2. Board size 122.3.3. Listing age 132.3.4. Auditing firm 142.3.5. Board gender 152.3.6. Industry 163. CHAPTER 3: RESEARCH DESIGN 183.1. Model specifications and econometric methods 183.2. Financial reporting quality model and variable descriptions 203.3. Sample selection 214. CHAPTER 4: FINDINGS AND DISCUSSIONS 234.1. Descriptive statistical analysis 234.2. Diagnostics tests 264.2.1. Multicollinearity 264.2.2. Normality 274.2.3. Homoscedasticity 284.3. Multivariate analyses 294.4. Robustness checks 335. CHAPTER 5: CONCLUSIONS 356. REFERENCE LIST 37 zh_TW dc.format.extent 996272 bytes - dc.format.mimetype application/pdf - dc.source.uri (資料來源) http://thesis.lib.nccu.edu.tw/record/#G0107933049 en_US dc.subject (關鍵詞) 財務報表品質 zh_TW dc.subject (關鍵詞) 越南 zh_TW dc.subject (關鍵詞) 審計公司 zh_TW dc.subject (關鍵詞) 董事會性別 zh_TW dc.subject (關鍵詞) 產業 zh_TW dc.subject (關鍵詞) Financial reporting quality en_US dc.subject (關鍵詞) Vietnam en_US dc.subject (關鍵詞) auditing firms en_US dc.subject (關鍵詞) board gender en_US dc.subject (關鍵詞) industry en_US dc.title (題名) 財務報表品質之決定因素：以越南上市公司為例 zh_TW dc.title (題名) Determinants of Financial Reporting Quality of Publicly Listed Companies in Vietnam en_US dc.type (資料類型) thesis en_US dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Adams, R.B., Almeida, H. and Ferreira, D. (2005). Powerful CEOs and Their Impact on Corporate Performance. Review of Financial Studies, 18(4), pp.1403–1432.Adams, R.B. and Ferreira, D. (2009). Women in the boardroom and their impact on governance and performance☆. Journal of Financial Economics, 94(2), pp.291–309.Akhtaruddin, M. (2005). Corporate mandatory disclosure practices in Bangladesh. The International Journal of Accounting, 40(4), pp.399–422.Archambault, J.J. and Archambault, M.E. (2003). A multinational test of determinants of corporate disclosure. The International Journal of Accounting, 38(2), pp.173–194.Arun, T.G., Almahrog, Y.E. and Ali Aribi, Z. (2015). Female directors and earnings management: Evidence from UK companies. International Review of Financial Analysis, 39(10575219), pp.137–146.Badolato, P.G., Donelson, D.C. and Ege, M. (2014). Audit committee financial expertise and earnings management: The role of status. Journal of Accounting and Economics, 58(2–3), pp.208–230.Barako, D.G., Hancock, P. and Izan, H.Y. (2006). Factors Influencing Voluntary Corporate Disclosure by Kenyan Companies. Corporate Governance: An International Review, 14(2), pp.107–125.Chen, C.J.P. and Jaggi, B. (2000). Association between independent non-executive directors, family control and financial disclosures in Hong Kong. Journal of Accounting and Public Policy, 19(4–5), pp.285–310.Cheng, E.C.M. and Courtenay, S.M. (2006). Board composition, regulatory regime and voluntary disclosure. The International Journal of Accounting, 41(3), pp.262–289.Coles, J., Daniel, N. and Naveen, L. (2006). Managerial incentives and risk-taking☆. Journal of Financial Economics, [online] 79(2), pp.431–468. Available at: https://astro.temple.edu/~lnaveen/documents/jfe_feb2006_published.pdf.Dechow, P.M., Sloan, R.G. and Sweeney, A.P. (1995). Detecting Earnings Management. The Accounting Review, [online] 70(2), pp.193–225. Available at: https://www.jstor.org/stable/248303?seq=1#metadata_info_tab_contents [Accessed 3 May 2020].García-Meca, E. and Sánchez-Ballesta, J.P. (2009). Corporate Governance and Earnings Management: A Meta-Analysis. Corporate Governance: An International Review, 17(5), pp.594–610.Gavious, I., Segev, E. and Yosef, R. (2012). Female directors and earnings management in high-technology firms. Pacific accounting review, [online] 24(1). Available at: https://www.econbiz.de/Record/female-directors-and-earnings-management-in-high-technology-firms-gavious-ilanit/10009562353 [Accessed 3 May 2020].Ghosh, S. (2006). Do board characteristics affect corporate performance? Firm-level evidence for India. Applied Economics Letters, 13(7), pp.435–443.Gietzmann, M. and Ireland, J. (2005). Cost of Capital, Strategic Disclosures and Accounting Choice. Journal of Business Finance & Accounting, 32(3–4), pp.599–634.González, J.S. and Meca, E.G. (2014). Does Corporate Governance Influence Earnings Management in Latin American Markets? Journal of Business Ethics, 121(3), pp.419–440.Gul, F.A., Fung, S.Y.K. and Jaggi, B. (2009). Earnings quality: Some evidence on the role of auditor tenure and auditors’ industry expertise. Journal of Accounting and Economics, [online] 47(3), pp.265–287. Available at: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0165410109000135 [Accessed 3 May 2020].Ha, X.T. and Nguyen, T.N. (2015). Xác định các nhân tố ảnh hưởng đến mức độ công bố thông tin tự nguyện trên báo cáo thường niên của các doanh nghiệp trên sàn chứng khoán Việt Nam.Hackston, D. and Milne, M.J. (1996). Some determinants of social and environmental disclosures in New Zealand companies. Accounting, Auditing & Accountability Journal, 9(1), pp.77–108.Haniffa, R.M. and Cooke, T.E. (2002). Culture, Corporate Governance and Disclosure in Malaysian Corporations. Abacus, 38(3), pp.317–349.Healy, P.M. and Wahlen, J.M. (1999). A Review of the Earnings Management Literature and its Implications for Standard Setting. [online] papers.ssrn.com. Available at: https://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=156445 [Accessed 7 May 2020].Hossain, M. (2008). The Extent of Disclosure in Annual Reports of Banking Companies: The Case of India. European Journal of Scientific Research, [online] 23(4), pp.660–681. Available at: https://core.ac.uk/download/pdf/143889735.pdf [Accessed 24 May 2020].Huang, H.W., Ena, R.G. and Lee, C.C. (2012). CEO Age and Financial Reporting Quality. Accounting Horizons, 26(4), pp.725–740.Huynh, T.D., Doan, V.D. and Gong, G.M. eds., (2012). Vietnamese Accounting System Reform - Review and Prospect. [online] semanticsholar.org. Available at: https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/Vietnamese-Accounting-System-Reform-Review-and-Dung-Dinh/7268a3b03e2c9fee3e3f4a3b8d7a58ddcacc0853 [Accessed 3 May 2020].Ika, M. and Regina, J.A. (2011). Timeliness of Financial Reporting: An Empirical Study in Indonesia Stock Exchange. The Indonesian Journal of Accounting Research, [online] 14(3). Available at: http://ijar-iaikapd.or.id/index.php/ijar/article/view/243 [Accessed 24 May 2020].Jensen, M.C. and Meckling, W.H. (1976). Theory of the firm: Managerial behavior, agency costs and ownership structure. Journal of Financial Economics, 3(4), pp.305–360.Kent, P., Routledge, J. and Stewart, J. (2010). Innate and discretionary accruals quality and corporate governance. Accounting & Finance, 50(1), pp.171–195.Krishnan, G.V. and Parsons, L.M. (2008). Getting to the Bottom Line: An Exploration of Gender and Earnings Quality. Journal of Business Ethics, 78(1–2), pp.65–76.Lang, M.H. and Lundholm, R.J. (2000). Voluntary Disclosure and Equity Offerings: Reducing Information Asymmetry or Hyping the Stock?. Contemporary Accounting Research, 17(4), pp.623–662.Leung, Q.W.Y., Morris, R.D. and Gray, S.J. (2005). Corporate transparency in China: Factors influencing financial disclosure levels. School of Accounting, University of New South Wales. Working paper.Leung, S. and Horwitz, B. (2004). Director Ownership and Voluntary Segment Disclosure: Hong Kong Evidence. Journal of International Financial Management and Accounting, 15(3), pp.235–260.Ng, E.J. and Koh, H.C. (1994). An Agency Theory and Probit Analytic Approach to Corporate Non-mandatory Disclosure Compliance. Asia-Pacific Journal of Accounting, 1(1), pp.29–44.Nguyen, T.T. (2016). Ảnh hưởng của kiểm soát nội bộ đến chất lượng thông tin tài chính của các công ty niêm yết phi tài chính trên TTCK Việt Nam. Financial reporting manipulation of Vietnamese listed companies. Vietnam National University, University of Economics & Business. Conference paper.Owusu-Ansah, S. (1998). The impact of corporate attribites on the extent of mandatory disclosure and reporting by listed companies in Zimbabwe. The International Journal of Accounting, 33(5), pp.605–631.Patten, D.M. (1991). Exposure, legitimacy, and social disclosure. Journal of Accounting and Public Policy, [online] 10(4), pp.297–308. Available at: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/0278425491900033 [Accessed 10 Aug. 2019].Raffournier, B. (1995). The determinants of voluntary financial disclosure by Swiss listed companies. European Accounting Review, 4(2), pp.261–280.Rafiee, S.Z. and Heidarpoor, F. (2014). The effective factors of financial information quality in listed companies on Tehran Stock Exchange. International Journal of Accounting and Financial Reporting, 1(1), p.201.Roberts, R.W. (1992). Determinants of corporate social responsibility disclosure: An application of stakeholder theory. Accounting, Organizations and Society, 17(6), pp.595–612.Singhvi, S.S. and Desai, H.B. (1971). An Empirical Analysis of the Quality of Corporate Financial Disclosure. The Accounting Review, [online] 46(1), pp.129–138. Available at: https://www.jstor.org/stable/243894?seq=1#metadata_info_tab_contents [Accessed 5 Apr. 2020].Srinidhi, B., Gul, F.A. and Tsui, J. (2011). Female Directors and Earnings Quality. Contemporary Accounting Research, 28(5), pp.1610–1644.Tran, T.T. (2018). The Development Path of Vietnamese Accounting System. International Journal of Economics and Finance, [online] 10(5), pp.154–164. Available at: https://ideas.repec.org/a/ibn/ijefaa/v10y2018i5p154-164.html [Accessed 7 May 2020].Van Beest, F., Braam, G. and Boelens, S. (2009). Quality of Financial Reporting: measuring qualitative characteristics. [online] Available at: https://www.ru.nl/publish/pages/516298/nice_09108.pdf [Accessed 5 Apr. 2020].Verrecchia, R.E. (1983). Discretionary disclosure. Journal of Accounting and Economics, 5, pp.179–194.Vu, K.B.A.H. (2012). Determinants of voluntary disclosure for Vietnamese listed firms. [online] Available at: https://espace.curtin.edu.au/handle/20.500.11937/2181.Wallace, R.S.O. and Naser, K. (1995). Firm-specific determinants of the comprehensiveness of mandatory disclosure in the corporate annual reports of firms listed on the stock exchange of Hong Kong. Journal of Accounting and Public Policy, 14(4), pp.311–368.Wang, L. and Yung, K. (2011). Do State Enterprises Manage Earnings More than Privately Owned Firms? The Case of China. Journal of Business Finance & Accounting, 38(7–8), pp.794–812.Watts, R.L. and Zimmerman, J.L. (1990). Positive Accounting Theory: A Ten Year Perspective. The Accounting Review, [online] 65(1), pp.131–156. Available at: https://www.jstor.org/stable/247880?seq=1#metadata_info_tab_contents.Wooldridge, J.M. (2018). INTRODUCTORY ECONOMETRICS : a modern approach. S.L.: Cengage Learning.Xiao, H. and Yuan, J. (2007). Ownership structure, board composition and corporate voluntary disclosure. Managerial Auditing Journal, 22(6), pp.604–619.Xiao, J.Z., Yang, H. and Chow, C.W. (2004). The determinants and characteristics of voluntary Internet-based disclosures by listed Chinese companies. Journal of Accounting and Public Policy, [online] 23(3), pp.191–225. Available at: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0278425404000213 [Accessed 5 Apr. 2020].Zahra, S.A., Neubaum, D.O. and Huse, M. (2000). Entrepreneurship in Medium-Size Companies: Exploring the Effects of Ownership and Governance Systems. Journal of Management, 26(5), pp.947–976. zh_TW dc.identifier.doi (DOI) 10.6814/NCCU202000720 en_US
