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題名 探討臺灣放寬機關團體免稅標準之政策效果:以2013年稅制調整為例
The Study of the Policy Effect on Relaxing Standards Governing Application of Income Tax Exemption : The Case of 2013 Tax adjustment in Taiwan
作者 吳芃儀
Wu, Peng-Yi
貢獻者 羅光達<br>楊子霆
Lo, Kuang-Ta<br>Yang, Tzu-Ting
吳芃儀
Wu, Peng-Yi
關鍵詞 非營利組織
機關團體
租稅優惠
免稅標準
NPO
Tax Preference
Standards governing application of income tax exemption
日期 2020
上傳時間 3-Aug-2020 18:15:55 (UTC+8)
摘要 民國 102 年調整機關團體免納所得稅之適用標準制度,將基金孳息及經常性收入用於事業目的支出比例之最低限制的70% 調降至60%。即當年度符合創設目的之支出達非銷售貨物或勞務所得收入 60% 以上之機關團體,便可免稅。
本研究以民國 102 年的稅制調整為介入因素,觀察將機關團體免稅標準的支出比例調降後,對於員工薪資總額與員工總人數之影響,與專任員工薪資總額與專任員工總人數之影響,以及是否影響機關團體辦理結算申報之行為,進而檢視免稅標準制度的改變是否具有政策效果。
我們利用差異中的差異法(difference-in-differences,DID)建立實證模型,實證結果發現機關團體在放寬免稅政策後,對於員工薪資總額與員工總人數無顯著影響,但對於機關團體是否發行員工薪資、專任員工薪資總額、是否發行專任員工薪資以及專任員工總人數皆具有正向顯著影響。至於是否影響機關團體辦理結算申報,實證結果顯示負向顯著影響,表示政策介入會使得機關團體減少辦理結算申報的行為,或是申報錯誤之情形增加。
Standards governing application of income tax exemption to NPO was adjusted in 2013. The 70% of the minimum limit of the fund fruits and recurrent income used for business purposes was reduced to 60%. That is, NPO that meet the purpose of creation in the current year and spend more than 60% of the income from non-selling goods or labor services can be exempted from tax.
This research intended to observe the impact of the standards governing application of income tax exemption to NPO on the total salary and the total number of the employees and the full-time employees, and whether it affect behavior of NPO to process filing practice.And then examine whether the change in the standards governing application of income tax exemption has policy effects.
We use difference-in-difference (DID) method to establish an model. We found that the effect of policy has no significant impact on the total salary and total number of employees,but it has a positive and significant effect on the employee salaries, full-time employee salaries, whether NPO issue full-time employee salaries, and the total number of full-time employees. Moreover, the effect of policy has a negative and significant effect on the whether NPO to process the filing practice of Income Tax Return.
參考文獻 李威(2019),《論我國非營利組織於所得稅法上稅捐優惠之探討-以醫療財團法人為中心》,國立成功大學法律學系碩士論文。
呂佳芸(2018),《臺灣非營利組織使命(宗旨)與任務之初探—應用巨量資料文字探勘方法進行內容分析》,東海大學行政管理暨政策學系碩士論文。
何素秋(2010),「臺灣非營利組織與政府競合間的社工人力資源管理策略」,《社區發展季刊》,129,267-280。
林淑馨(2004),「日本規範非營利組織的法制改革之研究」,《東吳政治學報》,19,71-106。
林艷麗(2015),《2010年營所稅變革對員工薪資與受僱人數影響》,國立政治大學財政學系碩士論文。
官有垣(2000),「非營利組織在臺灣的發展:兼論政府對財團法人基金會的法令規範」,《中國行政評論》,10(1),43-71。
官有垣、鄭清霞(2009),「臺灣非營利組織的就業」,《非營利部門:組織與運作》,臺北:巨流。
官有垣、杜承嶸等人(2009),《非營利組織執行長的薪酬探討:以台灣社會福利相關類型的基金會為例》,30,63-103。
官有垣、杜承嶸等人(2010),「勾勒台灣非營利部門的組織特色:一項全國調查研究的部分資料分析」,《公共行政學報》,37,111-151。
孫煒(2004),「非營利管理的薪酬政策:代理理論的觀點」,《第三部門學刊》,2,1-23。
郭琨傑(2017),《母集團對醫院財務操控行為研究-以營所稅率調降介入為例》,淡江大學會計學系碩士論文。
陳韋安(2016),《公司有效稅率對員工薪資之影響-以2010稅改為例》,國立政治大學財政學系碩士論文。
許崇源與吳國明(2000),「我國非營利組織租稅徵免之實證研究」,《財政研究》,32(5),112。
盧瑞芬(2003),「台灣醫院產業的市場結構與發展趨勢分析」,《經濟論文叢刊》,31(1),107 - 153
譚慧芳與吳清在(2012),「非營利醫院的避稅動機與盈餘管理」,《會計與公司治理》,8(8),1-25。
Gantz, M. G. and Twombly, E. C. (2001), “Executive Compensation in the Nonprofit Sector: New Findings and Policy Implications.”, Retrieved from http://www.urban.org/UploadedPDF/310372_cnp_11.pdf
Glaeser, Edward L. (2001), “The governance of not-for-profit firms.”, Working paper, Harvard University and NBER.
Lawler, E.E. and Ledford, G.E. (1993), “Who uses skill-based pay and why.”, Compensation and Benefits Review, 25(2), 22-27.
Leone, A. J. and Van R. L. Horn (2005), “How do nonprofit hospitals manage earnings?”, Journal of Health and Economics, 24(4), 815-837.
Mesch, D. J. and P. M. Rooney (2005), “Determinants of Compensation for Fundraising Professionals: A Study of Pay, Performance, and Gender Differences.”, Paper Presented at the Association for Research on Nonprofit Organizations and Voluntary Action (ARNOVA) Conference, Washington, D.C.
Mirvis, P. H. and E. J. Hackett (1983), “Work and Work Force Characteristics in the Nonprofit sector.”, Monthly Labor Review, 106(4), 16-20.
Oster, S. (1998), “Executive Compensation in the Nonprofit Sector.”, Nonprofit Management & Leadership, 8(3), 207-221.
Preston, A. (1989), “The Nonprofit Worker in a For-profit World.”, Journal of Labor Economics, 7(4) , 438-463.
Roomkin, M. and R. A. Weisbrod (1999), “Managerial Compensation and Incentives in For-profit and Nonprofit Hospitals.”, Journal of Law, Economics and Organizations, 15, 750-781.
Tan, Hui-Fang. (2011), “Earnings Management in Non-Profit Hospitals-Evidence from Taiwan.”, International Journal of Electronic Business Management, 3(9), 243-257.
Wolf Thomas (1990), “Managing a Nonprofit Organization.”, New York : Fireside.
Young, D. R. (1993), “Emerging themes in nonprofit leadership and management.”, In D. R. Young , R. M. Hollister , V. A. Hodgkinson (Eds.), Governing, leading, and managing nonprofit organizations: New insights from research and practice, San Francisco, Jossey-Bass., 1-13
Yetman, R. J. (2001), “Tax-motivated expense allocations by nonprofit organizations.”, The Accounting Review, 76(3), 297-311.
描述 碩士
國立政治大學
財政學系
107255026
資料來源 http://thesis.lib.nccu.edu.tw/record/#G0107255026
資料類型 thesis
dc.contributor.advisor 羅光達<br>楊子霆zh_TW
dc.contributor.advisor Lo, Kuang-Ta<br>Yang, Tzu-Tingen_US
dc.contributor.author (Authors) 吳芃儀zh_TW
dc.contributor.author (Authors) Wu, Peng-Yien_US
dc.creator (作者) 吳芃儀zh_TW
dc.creator (作者) Wu, Peng-Yien_US
dc.date (日期) 2020en_US
dc.date.accessioned 3-Aug-2020 18:15:55 (UTC+8)-
dc.date.available 3-Aug-2020 18:15:55 (UTC+8)-
dc.date.issued (上傳時間) 3-Aug-2020 18:15:55 (UTC+8)-
dc.identifier (Other Identifiers) G0107255026en_US
dc.identifier.uri (URI) http://nccur.lib.nccu.edu.tw/handle/140.119/131201-
dc.description (描述) 碩士zh_TW
dc.description (描述) 國立政治大學zh_TW
dc.description (描述) 財政學系zh_TW
dc.description (描述) 107255026zh_TW
dc.description.abstract (摘要) 民國 102 年調整機關團體免納所得稅之適用標準制度,將基金孳息及經常性收入用於事業目的支出比例之最低限制的70% 調降至60%。即當年度符合創設目的之支出達非銷售貨物或勞務所得收入 60% 以上之機關團體,便可免稅。
本研究以民國 102 年的稅制調整為介入因素,觀察將機關團體免稅標準的支出比例調降後,對於員工薪資總額與員工總人數之影響,與專任員工薪資總額與專任員工總人數之影響,以及是否影響機關團體辦理結算申報之行為,進而檢視免稅標準制度的改變是否具有政策效果。
我們利用差異中的差異法(difference-in-differences,DID)建立實證模型,實證結果發現機關團體在放寬免稅政策後,對於員工薪資總額與員工總人數無顯著影響,但對於機關團體是否發行員工薪資、專任員工薪資總額、是否發行專任員工薪資以及專任員工總人數皆具有正向顯著影響。至於是否影響機關團體辦理結算申報,實證結果顯示負向顯著影響,表示政策介入會使得機關團體減少辦理結算申報的行為,或是申報錯誤之情形增加。
zh_TW
dc.description.abstract (摘要) Standards governing application of income tax exemption to NPO was adjusted in 2013. The 70% of the minimum limit of the fund fruits and recurrent income used for business purposes was reduced to 60%. That is, NPO that meet the purpose of creation in the current year and spend more than 60% of the income from non-selling goods or labor services can be exempted from tax.
This research intended to observe the impact of the standards governing application of income tax exemption to NPO on the total salary and the total number of the employees and the full-time employees, and whether it affect behavior of NPO to process filing practice.And then examine whether the change in the standards governing application of income tax exemption has policy effects.
We use difference-in-difference (DID) method to establish an model. We found that the effect of policy has no significant impact on the total salary and total number of employees,but it has a positive and significant effect on the employee salaries, full-time employee salaries, whether NPO issue full-time employee salaries, and the total number of full-time employees. Moreover, the effect of policy has a negative and significant effect on the whether NPO to process the filing practice of Income Tax Return.
en_US
dc.description.tableofcontents 第一章 前言 P.1
第二章 非營利組織制度介紹與文獻回顧 P.5
第一節 非營利組織之定義與範圍 P.5
第二節 非營利組織租稅優惠適用標準 P.7
第三節 非營利組織結算申報規則 P.8
第四節 文獻回顧 P.9
第五節 本章小節 P.13
第三章 實證設計 P.14
第一節 資料背景介紹 P.14
第二節 模型設定 P.18
第三節 變數選取與說明 P.20
第四章 實證結果 P.25
第一節 敘述統計 P.25
第二節 迴歸結果 P.29
第三節 穩健性測試 P.35
第五章 結論 P.41
參考文獻 P.43
zh_TW
dc.format.extent 2072973 bytes-
dc.format.mimetype application/pdf-
dc.source.uri (資料來源) http://thesis.lib.nccu.edu.tw/record/#G0107255026en_US
dc.subject (關鍵詞) 非營利組織zh_TW
dc.subject (關鍵詞) 機關團體zh_TW
dc.subject (關鍵詞) 租稅優惠zh_TW
dc.subject (關鍵詞) 免稅標準zh_TW
dc.subject (關鍵詞) NPOen_US
dc.subject (關鍵詞) Tax Preferenceen_US
dc.subject (關鍵詞) Standards governing application of income tax exemptionen_US
dc.title (題名) 探討臺灣放寬機關團體免稅標準之政策效果:以2013年稅制調整為例zh_TW
dc.title (題名) The Study of the Policy Effect on Relaxing Standards Governing Application of Income Tax Exemption : The Case of 2013 Tax adjustment in Taiwanen_US
dc.type (資料類型) thesisen_US
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 李威(2019),《論我國非營利組織於所得稅法上稅捐優惠之探討-以醫療財團法人為中心》,國立成功大學法律學系碩士論文。
呂佳芸(2018),《臺灣非營利組織使命(宗旨)與任務之初探—應用巨量資料文字探勘方法進行內容分析》,東海大學行政管理暨政策學系碩士論文。
何素秋(2010),「臺灣非營利組織與政府競合間的社工人力資源管理策略」,《社區發展季刊》,129,267-280。
林淑馨(2004),「日本規範非營利組織的法制改革之研究」,《東吳政治學報》,19,71-106。
林艷麗(2015),《2010年營所稅變革對員工薪資與受僱人數影響》,國立政治大學財政學系碩士論文。
官有垣(2000),「非營利組織在臺灣的發展:兼論政府對財團法人基金會的法令規範」,《中國行政評論》,10(1),43-71。
官有垣、鄭清霞(2009),「臺灣非營利組織的就業」,《非營利部門:組織與運作》,臺北:巨流。
官有垣、杜承嶸等人(2009),《非營利組織執行長的薪酬探討:以台灣社會福利相關類型的基金會為例》,30,63-103。
官有垣、杜承嶸等人(2010),「勾勒台灣非營利部門的組織特色:一項全國調查研究的部分資料分析」,《公共行政學報》,37,111-151。
孫煒(2004),「非營利管理的薪酬政策:代理理論的觀點」,《第三部門學刊》,2,1-23。
郭琨傑(2017),《母集團對醫院財務操控行為研究-以營所稅率調降介入為例》,淡江大學會計學系碩士論文。
陳韋安(2016),《公司有效稅率對員工薪資之影響-以2010稅改為例》,國立政治大學財政學系碩士論文。
許崇源與吳國明(2000),「我國非營利組織租稅徵免之實證研究」,《財政研究》,32(5),112。
盧瑞芬(2003),「台灣醫院產業的市場結構與發展趨勢分析」,《經濟論文叢刊》,31(1),107 - 153
譚慧芳與吳清在(2012),「非營利醫院的避稅動機與盈餘管理」,《會計與公司治理》,8(8),1-25。
Gantz, M. G. and Twombly, E. C. (2001), “Executive Compensation in the Nonprofit Sector: New Findings and Policy Implications.”, Retrieved from http://www.urban.org/UploadedPDF/310372_cnp_11.pdf
Glaeser, Edward L. (2001), “The governance of not-for-profit firms.”, Working paper, Harvard University and NBER.
Lawler, E.E. and Ledford, G.E. (1993), “Who uses skill-based pay and why.”, Compensation and Benefits Review, 25(2), 22-27.
Leone, A. J. and Van R. L. Horn (2005), “How do nonprofit hospitals manage earnings?”, Journal of Health and Economics, 24(4), 815-837.
Mesch, D. J. and P. M. Rooney (2005), “Determinants of Compensation for Fundraising Professionals: A Study of Pay, Performance, and Gender Differences.”, Paper Presented at the Association for Research on Nonprofit Organizations and Voluntary Action (ARNOVA) Conference, Washington, D.C.
Mirvis, P. H. and E. J. Hackett (1983), “Work and Work Force Characteristics in the Nonprofit sector.”, Monthly Labor Review, 106(4), 16-20.
Oster, S. (1998), “Executive Compensation in the Nonprofit Sector.”, Nonprofit Management & Leadership, 8(3), 207-221.
Preston, A. (1989), “The Nonprofit Worker in a For-profit World.”, Journal of Labor Economics, 7(4) , 438-463.
Roomkin, M. and R. A. Weisbrod (1999), “Managerial Compensation and Incentives in For-profit and Nonprofit Hospitals.”, Journal of Law, Economics and Organizations, 15, 750-781.
Tan, Hui-Fang. (2011), “Earnings Management in Non-Profit Hospitals-Evidence from Taiwan.”, International Journal of Electronic Business Management, 3(9), 243-257.
Wolf Thomas (1990), “Managing a Nonprofit Organization.”, New York : Fireside.
Young, D. R. (1993), “Emerging themes in nonprofit leadership and management.”, In D. R. Young , R. M. Hollister , V. A. Hodgkinson (Eds.), Governing, leading, and managing nonprofit organizations: New insights from research and practice, San Francisco, Jossey-Bass., 1-13
Yetman, R. J. (2001), “Tax-motivated expense allocations by nonprofit organizations.”, The Accounting Review, 76(3), 297-311.
zh_TW
dc.identifier.doi (DOI) 10.6814/NCCU202001132en_US