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題名 基於以太坊區塊鏈之隱私保護證書管理平台
Privacy-preserving Certificate Management Platform Based on the Ethereum Blockchain
作者 林佳萱
Lin, Chia-Hsuan
貢獻者 左瑞麟
Tso, Ray-Lin
林佳萱
Lin, Chia-Hsuan
關鍵詞 以太坊區塊鏈
ERC721代幣標準
數位簽章
智能合約
隱私保護
可淨化式簽章
泛用式環簽章
Ethereum Blockchain
ERC721 Token Standard
Digital Signature
Smart Contract
Privacy-preserving
Sanitizable Signature
Universal Ring Signature
日期 2020
上傳時間 3-Aug-2020 18:40:14 (UTC+8)
摘要 證書(Certificate)作為文明社會中用以證明資格或是標示權利的重要文件，傳統上多以紙本實體的方式存在，經由相關領域的權威性角色認證並頒布，人們基於對該權威性角色的信任進而賦予證書價值。然而紙本證書在製作成本、維護管理及辨識真偽等方面多有挑戰，故隨著資訊科技與網際網路的蓬勃發展而逐步轉型電子化。電子化證書除了將資訊內容數位化，降低製作維護成本並提升作業效率以外，常會搭配數位簽章技術(Digital Signature)用以保障該資訊內容的認證性(Authentication)、完整性(Integrity)與不可否任性(Non-repudiation)。而自2006年起比特幣的崛起，其底層的區塊鏈技術(Blockchain)受到熱烈討論，藉由將區塊鏈技術應用於電子化憑證的管理，更進一步達到去中心化(Decentralized)、不可篡改(Tamper-resistant)、可追溯性(Trackable)等特性。

然而，證書的資訊內容為確保其針對性，多會含有個人敏感性資料或是相關詮釋資料。此部分資料雖保障了個人對該證書的所有權，卻也相對地增加了證書資訊揭露的門檻。因此本論文以「台灣經濟部智慧財產局的發明專利申請及審查流程」為例，使用以太坊區塊鏈的ERC721代幣標準與Sanitizable Signature及Universal Ring Signature密碼學技術，在保障數位簽章與區塊鏈技術應用特性的前提下，提供隱私保護(Privacy Protection)的保障功能，藉此以改善前述問題。
As an essential document used to prove eligibility or mark rights in a civilized society, certificates have traditionally existed in the form of paper entities. Been authenticated and promulgated by authoritative roles in related fields, people give valued certificates based on their trust in this authoritative role value. However, the paper certificate has many challenges in terms of production cost, maintenance, and identification of authenticity. Therefore, with the vigorous development of information technology and the Internet, it has gradually transformed into electronic.

By digitizing the content of certificates, it reduced the production and maintenance costs and improved operational efficiency. The electronic certificate usually comes with a digital signature technology to ensure the authentication, integrity and non-repudiation of the information contained. Since the rise of Bitcoin from 2006, the underlying blockchain technology has been heatedly discussed in many literatures. By applying blockchain technology to the management of electronic certificates, it further achieves the characteristics of decentralization, non-tampering and traceability.

However, be ensured pertinence, the content of the certificate often contains sensitive personal information or related metadata. Although this part of information protects the individual`s ownership of the certificate, it also increases the threshold for the disclosure of certificate information.

Therefore, this proposal uses the "invention patent application and examination process of the Intellectual Property Office of Economic Affairs, R.O.C." as an example, using the ERC721 token standard of the Ethereum blockchain, the Sanitizable Signature and Universal Ring Signature cryptography technologies. Besides ensuring the features of digital signatures and blockchain technology, but also providing the protection of privacy protection to improve the problems above.
參考文獻 [1]. Satoshi Nakamoto. (2008). Bitcoin: A Peer-to-Peer Electronic Cash System.
[2]. Buterin V, et al, (2013). Ethereum White Paper.
[3]. William Entriken, Dieter Shirley, Jacob Evans, Nastassia Sachs, (2018). ERC721 Non-Fungible Token Standard.
[4]. Roberto Infante, (2018). Building Ethereum DApps: Decentralized Applications on the Ethereum Blockchain. Shelter Island, NY. USA. Manning Publications.
[5]. Ateniese, G., Chou, D.H., de Medeiros, B., Tsudik, G., (2005). Sanitizable signatures. In ESORICS 2005.
[6]. Tso R., (2013). A new way to generate a ring: Universal ring signature. Comput. Math. Appl.
[7]. H. Krawczyk and T. Tabin, (1998). Chameleon hashing and Signature. In NDSS 2000.
[8]. C.P. Schnorr, (1991). Efficient signature generation by smart cards. Journal of Cryptolohy 4(3).
[9]. SovrinTM: A Protocol and Token for selfSovereign Identity and decentralized Trust. A White Paper From the Sovrin Foundation Version 1.0 January 2018.
[10]. 中華民國108年7月31日行政院院臺經字第 1080023576 號令。專利法。
[11]. 中華民國108年9月27日經濟部經智字第 10804604260 號令。專利法實施細則。
[12]. 經濟部智慧財產局。102年修法後專利審查基準。
[13]. M. Bellare, R. Canetti, H. Krawczyk, (1996). Keying hash functions for message authentication. In Proceedings of CRYPTO 1996, Lecture Notes in Computer Science.
描述 碩士
國立政治大學
資訊科學系碩士在職專班
107971007
資料來源 http://thesis.lib.nccu.edu.tw/record/#G0107971007
資料類型 thesis
dc.contributor.advisor 左瑞麟zh_TW
dc.contributor.advisor Tso, Ray-Linen_US
dc.contributor.author (Authors) 林佳萱zh_TW
dc.contributor.author (Authors) Lin, Chia-Hsuanen_US
dc.creator (作者) 林佳萱zh_TW
dc.creator (作者) Lin, Chia-Hsuanen_US
dc.date (日期) 2020en_US
dc.date.accessioned 3-Aug-2020 18:40:14 (UTC+8)-
dc.date.available 3-Aug-2020 18:40:14 (UTC+8)-
dc.date.issued (上傳時間) 3-Aug-2020 18:40:14 (UTC+8)-
dc.identifier (Other Identifiers) G0107971007en_US
dc.identifier.uri (URI) http://nccur.lib.nccu.edu.tw/handle/140.119/131337-
dc.description (描述) 碩士zh_TW
dc.description (描述) 國立政治大學zh_TW
dc.description (描述) 資訊科學系碩士在職專班zh_TW
dc.description (描述) 107971007zh_TW
dc.description.abstract (摘要) 證書(Certificate)作為文明社會中用以證明資格或是標示權利的重要文件，傳統上多以紙本實體的方式存在，經由相關領域的權威性角色認證並頒布，人們基於對該權威性角色的信任進而賦予證書價值。然而紙本證書在製作成本、維護管理及辨識真偽等方面多有挑戰，故隨著資訊科技與網際網路的蓬勃發展而逐步轉型電子化。電子化證書除了將資訊內容數位化，降低製作維護成本並提升作業效率以外，常會搭配數位簽章技術(Digital Signature)用以保障該資訊內容的認證性(Authentication)、完整性(Integrity)與不可否任性(Non-repudiation)。而自2006年起比特幣的崛起，其底層的區塊鏈技術(Blockchain)受到熱烈討論，藉由將區塊鏈技術應用於電子化憑證的管理，更進一步達到去中心化(Decentralized)、不可篡改(Tamper-resistant)、可追溯性(Trackable)等特性。

然而，證書的資訊內容為確保其針對性，多會含有個人敏感性資料或是相關詮釋資料。此部分資料雖保障了個人對該證書的所有權，卻也相對地增加了證書資訊揭露的門檻。因此本論文以「台灣經濟部智慧財產局的發明專利申請及審查流程」為例，使用以太坊區塊鏈的ERC721代幣標準與Sanitizable Signature及Universal Ring Signature密碼學技術，在保障數位簽章與區塊鏈技術應用特性的前提下，提供隱私保護(Privacy Protection)的保障功能，藉此以改善前述問題。		zh_TW
dc.description.abstract (摘要) As an essential document used to prove eligibility or mark rights in a civilized society, certificates have traditionally existed in the form of paper entities. Been authenticated and promulgated by authoritative roles in related fields, people give valued certificates based on their trust in this authoritative role value. However, the paper certificate has many challenges in terms of production cost, maintenance, and identification of authenticity. Therefore, with the vigorous development of information technology and the Internet, it has gradually transformed into electronic.

By digitizing the content of certificates, it reduced the production and maintenance costs and improved operational efficiency. The electronic certificate usually comes with a digital signature technology to ensure the authentication, integrity and non-repudiation of the information contained. Since the rise of Bitcoin from 2006, the underlying blockchain technology has been heatedly discussed in many literatures. By applying blockchain technology to the management of electronic certificates, it further achieves the characteristics of decentralization, non-tampering and traceability.

However, be ensured pertinence, the content of the certificate often contains sensitive personal information or related metadata. Although this part of information protects the individual`s ownership of the certificate, it also increases the threshold for the disclosure of certificate information.

Therefore, this proposal uses the "invention patent application and examination process of the Intellectual Property Office of Economic Affairs, R.O.C." as an example, using the ERC721 token standard of the Ethereum blockchain, the Sanitizable Signature and Universal Ring Signature cryptography technologies. Besides ensuring the features of digital signatures and blockchain technology, but also providing the protection of privacy protection to improve the problems above.		en_US
dc.description.tableofcontents 摘要 2
致謝 6
目次 7
表次 9
圖次 11
第1章 緒論 12
1-1. 研究背景 12
1-2. 研究動機與目的 13
1-3. 研究方法及目標 14
1-4. 研究貢獻 15
1-5. 論文架構 16
第2章 背景知識 17
2-1. 專利相關 17
2-1-1. 專利權 17
2-1-2. 發明專利申請書 18
2-1-3. 發明專利申請及審查流程 19
2-2. 區塊鏈相關 22
2-2-1. 區塊鏈（Blockchain） 22
2-2-2. 以太坊（Ethereum） 23
2-2-3. 智能合約（Smart Contract） 24
2-2-4. ERC721 代幣標準（ERC721 Token Standard） 24
2-3. 密碼學相關 25
2-3-1. 數位簽章（Digital Signature） 25
2-3-2. 雜湊訊息鑑別碼（Hash Message Authentication Code） 26
2-3-3. 變色龍雜湊函式（Chameleon Hash） 27
2-3-4. 可淨化式簽章（Sanitizable Signature） 28
2-3-5. 泛用式環簽章（Universal Ring Signature） 31
第3章 隱私保護證書管理區塊鏈平台 35
3-1. 系統概述 35
3-2. 系統架構 37
3-2-1. 區塊鏈系統（Blockchain System） 37
3-2-2. 證書管理應用系統（Certificate Management AP System） 38
3-2-3. 用戶端網頁應用程式（Client Side Web Application） 38
3-3. 使用流程 39
3-3-1. 使用者註冊流程 40
3-3-2. 專利申請提交流程 42
3-3-3. 專利申請審核流程 46
3-3-4. 專利申請公開流程 52
3-3-5. 專利申請查閱流程 59
第4章 討論分析 63
4-1. 密碼學技術 63
4-1-1. 數位簽章（Digital Signature） 63
4-1-2. 可淨化式簽章（Sanitizable Signature） 64
4-1-3. 泛用式環簽章（Universal Ring Signature） 65
4-2. 產業實例 66
4-2-1. Hyperledger Indy 66
4-3. 討論比較 70
第5章 結論 73
參考文獻 74		zh_TW
dc.format.extent 5176655 bytes-
dc.format.mimetype application/pdf-
dc.source.uri (資料來源) http://thesis.lib.nccu.edu.tw/record/#G0107971007en_US
dc.subject (關鍵詞) 以太坊區塊鏈zh_TW
dc.subject (關鍵詞) ERC721代幣標準zh_TW
dc.subject (關鍵詞) 數位簽章zh_TW
dc.subject (關鍵詞) 智能合約zh_TW
dc.subject (關鍵詞) 隱私保護zh_TW
dc.subject (關鍵詞) 可淨化式簽章zh_TW
dc.subject (關鍵詞) 泛用式環簽章zh_TW
dc.subject (關鍵詞) Ethereum Blockchainen_US
dc.subject (關鍵詞) ERC721 Token Standarden_US
dc.subject (關鍵詞) Digital Signatureen_US
dc.subject (關鍵詞) Smart Contracten_US
dc.subject (關鍵詞) Privacy-preservingen_US
dc.subject (關鍵詞) Sanitizable Signatureen_US
dc.subject (關鍵詞) Universal Ring Signatureen_US
dc.title (題名) 基於以太坊區塊鏈之隱私保護證書管理平台zh_TW
dc.title (題名) Privacy-preserving Certificate Management Platform Based on the Ethereum Blockchainen_US
dc.type (資料類型) thesisen_US
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) [1]. Satoshi Nakamoto. (2008). Bitcoin: A Peer-to-Peer Electronic Cash System.
[2]. Buterin V, et al, (2013). Ethereum White Paper.
[3]. William Entriken, Dieter Shirley, Jacob Evans, Nastassia Sachs, (2018). ERC721 Non-Fungible Token Standard.
[4]. Roberto Infante, (2018). Building Ethereum DApps: Decentralized Applications on the Ethereum Blockchain. Shelter Island, NY. USA. Manning Publications.
[5]. Ateniese, G., Chou, D.H., de Medeiros, B., Tsudik, G., (2005). Sanitizable signatures. In ESORICS 2005.
[6]. Tso R., (2013). A new way to generate a ring: Universal ring signature. Comput. Math. Appl.
[7]. H. Krawczyk and T. Tabin, (1998). Chameleon hashing and Signature. In NDSS 2000.
[8]. C.P. Schnorr, (1991). Efficient signature generation by smart cards. Journal of Cryptolohy 4(3).
[9]. SovrinTM: A Protocol and Token for selfSovereign Identity and decentralized Trust. A White Paper From the Sovrin Foundation Version 1.0 January 2018.
[10]. 中華民國108年7月31日行政院院臺經字第 1080023576 號令。專利法。
[11]. 中華民國108年9月27日經濟部經智字第 10804604260 號令。專利法實施細則。
[12]. 經濟部智慧財產局。102年修法後專利審查基準。
[13]. M. Bellare, R. Canetti, H. Krawczyk, (1996). Keying hash functions for message authentication. In Proceedings of CRYPTO 1996, Lecture Notes in Computer Science.		zh_TW
dc.identifier.doi (DOI) 10.6814/NCCU202001028en_US