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題名 試析SPS協定下透明化規範之內涵與適用
An Analysis on Interpretation and Application of the Transparency Rules under Agreement on the Application of Sanitary and Phytosanitary Measures作者 吳彥容
Wu, Yen-Rong貢獻者 施文真
吳彥容
Wu, Yen-Rong關鍵詞 SPS協定
透明化規定
WTO
SPS Agreement
transparency regulation
WTO日期 2020 上傳時間 2-Sep-2020 11:40:30 (UTC+8) 摘要 過去幾年以來，WTO會員認為WTO機制產生困境，會員對於WTO應進行改革之呼籲聲不斷，而提高透明化為重要議題之一。由於SPS協定保護人類、動植物生命健康之宗旨，於現代浪潮下提升其重要性，且其透明化規定深具特色，故本文欲探討SPS協定下透明化規定之規範內容，分析該等規定是否健全，足以實踐透明化規定之目的及功能。經本文分析後發現，SPS協定下透明化規定於SPS委員會及秘書處所提供之建議與解釋，使規範更為明確；而會員針對透明化規定提出控訴的案例中，則透過小組及上訴機構的釐清，具體化SPS協定第7條及附件B之規定，從而得以發揮透明化規定效用。本文建議，若於SPS協定附件B第1項規定中，標準化公告法規之方式，並於SPS協定附件B第5項規定中，要求發布通知之會員，於考量其他會員之意見後，負有說明為何不採用該意見之義務，SPS協定下透明化規定將完善。
For several years, WTO members have claimed frustrations with the institution, and arguing for the reform. The WTO transparency problem is one of the major challenges. Given that the importance of the basic aim of the SPS Agreement and its specific transparency rules, the present paper seeks to answer the question about whether the transparency rules under the SPS Agreement is enough to reach the purpose and the function of transparency norms.Analysis of the results showed that the suggestions and explanations provided by the SPS Committee, WTO Secretariat as well as the DSB reports make the transparency rules under the SPS Agreement clearer and more explicit. Besides, this paper purposes that the Annex B (1) and Annex (5) of the SPS Agreement shoule be revised so as to improve the transparency rules under the SPS Agreement.參考文獻 英文部分書籍ARCHON FUNG & MARY GRAHAM & DAVID WEIL, FULL DISCLOSURE THE PERILS AND PROMISE OF TRANSPARENCY (2009).MARIANNA B. KARTTUNEN, TRANSPARENCY IN THE WTO SPS AND TBT AGREEMENTS: THE REAL JEWEL IN THE CROWN (2020).期刊Friedl Weiss & Silke Steiner, Transparency as an Element of Good Governance in the Practice of the EU and the WTO: Overview and Comparison, 30(5) FORDHAM INT’L L. J. 1545, 1572 (2007).Jack M. Balkin, How Mass Media Simulate Political Transparency, 3(4) CULTURAL VALUES 393, 393 (1999).Steve Charnovitz, Transparency and Participation in the World Trade Organization, 56(4) RUTGERS L. REV. 927, 929.Terry Collins & Robert Wolfe, Transparency as a Trade Policy Tool: The WTO’s Cloudy Windows, 9(4) WORLD TRADE REVIEW 551, 556 (2010).網際網路About WTO: Glossary of Terms, WTO, https://www.wto.org/english/thewto_e/minist_e/min99_e/english/about_e/23glos_e.htm (last visited July 20, 2020).About WTO: Trade Policy Reviews: Ensuring Transparency, WTO, https://www.wto.org/english/thewto_e/whatis_e/tif_e/agrm11_e.htm (last visited July 20, 2020).Transparency in Government Procurement, WTO, https://www.wto.org/english/thewto_e/minist_e/min99_e/english/about_e/17proc_e.htm (last visited July 20, 2020).World Trade Organization, About WTO: Overview, WORLD TRADE ORGANIZATION, https://www.wto.org/english/thewto_e/whatis_e/wto_dg_stat_e.htm (last visited July 20, 2020).WTO爭端解決案例相關文件Panel Report, European Communities—Measures Affecting the Approval and Marketing of Biotech Products, WTO Doc. WT/DS291/R, WT/DS292/R, WT/DS293/R (adopted Nov. 21, 2006).Appellate Body Report, Japan — Measures Affecting Agricultural Products, WTO Doc. WT/DS76/R (adopted Mar. 19, 1999).Appellate Body Report, Korea — Import Bans, and Testing and Certification Requirements for Radionuclides, WTO Doc. WT/DS495/AB/R (adopted Apr. 26, 2019).Panel Report, Japan — Measures Affecting Agricultural Products, WTO Doc. WT/DS76/R (adopted Mar. 9, 1999).Panel Report, Japan — Measures Affecting the Importation of Apples, WTO Doc. WT/DS245/R (adopted Dec.10, 2003).Panel Report, India — Measures Concerning the Importation of Certain Agricultural Products, WTO Doc. WT/DS430/R (adopted June 19, 2015).Panel Report, Korea — Import Bans, and Testing and Certification Requirements for Radionuclides, WTO Doc. WT/DS495/R (adopted Apr. 26, 2019).Panel Report, Russian Federation — Measures on the Importation of Live Pigs, Pork and Other Pig Products from the European Union, WTO Doc. WT/DS475/R (adopted Mar. 21, 2017).Panel Report, United States — Measures Affecting the Production and Sale of Clove Cigarettes, WTO Doc. WT/DS406/R (adopted Apr. 24, 2012).國際組織相關文件Committee on Sanitary and Phytosanitary Measures, Recommended Notification Procedures, WTO Doc. G/SPS/7 (June 11, 1996).Committee on Sanitary and Phytosanitary Measures, Recommended Procedures for Implementing the Transparency Obligations of the SPS Agreement (Article 7), WTO Doc. G/SPS/7/Rev.4 (June 4, 2018).Committee on Sanitary and Phytosanitary Measures, Overview Regarding the Level of Implementation of the Transparency Provisions of the SPS Agreement, WTO Doc. G/SPS/GEN/804/Rev.12 (Oct. 17, 2019).Committee on Sanitary and Phytosanitary Measures, Procedure to Enhance Transparency of Special and Differential Treatment in Favour of Developing Country Members, WTO Doc. G/SPS/33/Rev.1 (Dec. 18,2009).Committee on Sanitary and Phytosanitary Measures, Recommended Procedures for Implementing the Transparency Obligations of the SPS Agreement (Article 7) as of 1 December 2008, WTO Doc. G/SPS/7/Rev.3 (June 20, 2008).International Convention Relating to the Simplification of Customs Formalities, Nov. 3, 1923, 19 AM. J. INT’L L. SUPP. 146 (1925).WTO & THE ORGANISATION FOR ECONOMIC CO-OPERATION AND DEVELOPMENT, FACILITATING TRADE THROUGH REGULATORY COOPERATION THE CASE OF THE WTO’S TBT/SPS AGREEMENTS AND COMMITTEES (2019), https://www.wto.org/english/res_e/booksp_e/tbtsps19_e.pdf.WTO, Ministerial Conference, Fourth Session, Doha, 9-14 November 2001, Implementation-Related Issues and Concerns, WTO Doc. WT/MIN(01)/17 (Nov. 20, 2001).WTO SECRETARIAT, PRACTICAL MANUAL FOR SPS NATIONAL NOTIFICATION AUTHORITIES AND SPS NATIONAL ENQUIRY POINTS (2018), https://www.wto.org/english/tratop_e/sps_e/practical_manual_for_sps_national_notification_authorities_and_sps_national_enquiry_points_7531_18_e.pdf.其他研究報告KARIM, MD. REZAUL, TRANSPARENCY IS THE MOST IMPORTANT GOVERNANCE ISSUE IN THE WTO SUBSIDY CONTROL 12 (2014), https://ssrn.com/abstract=2498863.Maria Perez-Esteve, WTO Rules and Practices for Transparency and Engagement with Civil Society Organizations 4 (WTO, Staff Working Paper No. ERSD-2012-14, 2012).Robert Wolfe, Letting the Sun Shine in at the WTO: How Transparency Brings the Trading System to Life 8 (WTO, Staff Working Paper No. ERSD-2013-03, 2013). 描述 碩士
國立政治大學
國際經營與貿易學系
107351043資料來源 http://thesis.lib.nccu.edu.tw/record/#G0107351043 資料類型 thesis dc.contributor.advisor 施文真 zh_TW dc.contributor.author (Authors) 吳彥容 zh_TW dc.contributor.author (Authors) Wu, Yen-Rong en_US dc.creator (作者) 吳彥容 zh_TW dc.creator (作者) Wu, Yen-Rong en_US dc.date (日期) 2020 en_US dc.date.accessioned 2-Sep-2020 11:40:30 (UTC+8) - dc.date.available 2-Sep-2020 11:40:30 (UTC+8) - dc.date.issued (上傳時間) 2-Sep-2020 11:40:30 (UTC+8) - dc.identifier (Other Identifiers) G0107351043 en_US dc.identifier.uri (URI) http://nccur.lib.nccu.edu.tw/handle/140.119/131464 - dc.description (描述) 碩士 zh_TW dc.description (描述) 國立政治大學 zh_TW dc.description (描述) 國際經營與貿易學系 zh_TW dc.description (描述) 107351043 zh_TW dc.description.abstract (摘要) 過去幾年以來，WTO會員認為WTO機制產生困境，會員對於WTO應進行改革之呼籲聲不斷，而提高透明化為重要議題之一。由於SPS協定保護人類、動植物生命健康之宗旨，於現代浪潮下提升其重要性，且其透明化規定深具特色，故本文欲探討SPS協定下透明化規定之規範內容，分析該等規定是否健全，足以實踐透明化規定之目的及功能。經本文分析後發現，SPS協定下透明化規定於SPS委員會及秘書處所提供之建議與解釋，使規範更為明確；而會員針對透明化規定提出控訴的案例中，則透過小組及上訴機構的釐清，具體化SPS協定第7條及附件B之規定，從而得以發揮透明化規定效用。本文建議，若於SPS協定附件B第1項規定中，標準化公告法規之方式，並於SPS協定附件B第5項規定中，要求發布通知之會員，於考量其他會員之意見後，負有說明為何不採用該意見之義務，SPS協定下透明化規定將完善。 zh_TW dc.description.abstract (摘要) For several years, WTO members have claimed frustrations with the institution, and arguing for the reform. The WTO transparency problem is one of the major challenges. Given that the importance of the basic aim of the SPS Agreement and its specific transparency rules, the present paper seeks to answer the question about whether the transparency rules under the SPS Agreement is enough to reach the purpose and the function of transparency norms.Analysis of the results showed that the suggestions and explanations provided by the SPS Committee, WTO Secretariat as well as the DSB reports make the transparency rules under the SPS Agreement clearer and more explicit. Besides, this paper purposes that the Annex B (1) and Annex (5) of the SPS Agreement shoule be revised so as to improve the transparency rules under the SPS Agreement. en_US dc.description.tableofcontents 第一章 緒論 1第一節 研究動機與目的 1第二節 研究方法與限制 2第三節 研究架構 2第二章 WTO協定下之透明化規範 4第一節 透明化的定義 4第二節 透明化的分類 5第三節 透明化的評估標準 8第三章 SPS協定下透明化規範分析 10第一節 公布法規 13第二節 發布通知 14第三節 設置查詢點 22第四節 各國履行透明化義務之情況 28第四章 SPS協定透明化規範之相關案例 37第一節 涉及SPS協定之透明化規範之WTO案例 38第二節 WTO案例之分析 39第三節 小結 53第五章 SPS協定下透明化規範之作用 54第一節 自WTO案例回顧SPS委員決議及秘書處文件之解釋 54第二節 SPS協定下透明化規範之內涵評析 63第三節SPS協定下透明化規範之反思 67第六章 結論 75參考文獻 78附錄：SPS協定下相關爭端解決案例之概述 82 zh_TW dc.format.extent 2901879 bytes - dc.format.mimetype application/pdf - dc.source.uri (資料來源) http://thesis.lib.nccu.edu.tw/record/#G0107351043 en_US dc.subject (關鍵詞) SPS協定 zh_TW dc.subject (關鍵詞) 透明化規定 zh_TW dc.subject (關鍵詞) WTO zh_TW dc.subject (關鍵詞) SPS Agreement en_US dc.subject (關鍵詞) transparency regulation en_US dc.subject (關鍵詞) WTO en_US dc.title (題名) 試析SPS協定下透明化規範之內涵與適用 zh_TW dc.title (題名) An Analysis on Interpretation and Application of the Transparency Rules under Agreement on the Application of Sanitary and Phytosanitary Measures en_US dc.type (資料類型) thesis en_US dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 英文部分書籍ARCHON FUNG & MARY GRAHAM & DAVID WEIL, FULL DISCLOSURE THE PERILS AND PROMISE OF TRANSPARENCY (2009).MARIANNA B. KARTTUNEN, TRANSPARENCY IN THE WTO SPS AND TBT AGREEMENTS: THE REAL JEWEL IN THE CROWN (2020).期刊Friedl Weiss & Silke Steiner, Transparency as an Element of Good Governance in the Practice of the EU and the WTO: Overview and Comparison, 30(5) FORDHAM INT’L L. J. 1545, 1572 (2007).Jack M. Balkin, How Mass Media Simulate Political Transparency, 3(4) CULTURAL VALUES 393, 393 (1999).Steve Charnovitz, Transparency and Participation in the World Trade Organization, 56(4) RUTGERS L. REV. 927, 929.Terry Collins & Robert Wolfe, Transparency as a Trade Policy Tool: The WTO’s Cloudy Windows, 9(4) WORLD TRADE REVIEW 551, 556 (2010).網際網路About WTO: Glossary of Terms, WTO, https://www.wto.org/english/thewto_e/minist_e/min99_e/english/about_e/23glos_e.htm (last visited July 20, 2020).About WTO: Trade Policy Reviews: Ensuring Transparency, WTO, https://www.wto.org/english/thewto_e/whatis_e/tif_e/agrm11_e.htm (last visited July 20, 2020).Transparency in Government Procurement, WTO, https://www.wto.org/english/thewto_e/minist_e/min99_e/english/about_e/17proc_e.htm (last visited July 20, 2020).World Trade Organization, About WTO: Overview, WORLD TRADE ORGANIZATION, https://www.wto.org/english/thewto_e/whatis_e/wto_dg_stat_e.htm (last visited July 20, 2020).WTO爭端解決案例相關文件Panel Report, European Communities—Measures Affecting the Approval and Marketing of Biotech Products, WTO Doc. WT/DS291/R, WT/DS292/R, WT/DS293/R (adopted Nov. 21, 2006).Appellate Body Report, Japan — Measures Affecting Agricultural Products, WTO Doc. WT/DS76/R (adopted Mar. 19, 1999).Appellate Body Report, Korea — Import Bans, and Testing and Certification Requirements for Radionuclides, WTO Doc. WT/DS495/AB/R (adopted Apr. 26, 2019).Panel Report, Japan — Measures Affecting Agricultural Products, WTO Doc. WT/DS76/R (adopted Mar. 9, 1999).Panel Report, Japan — Measures Affecting the Importation of Apples, WTO Doc. WT/DS245/R (adopted Dec.10, 2003).Panel Report, India — Measures Concerning the Importation of Certain Agricultural Products, WTO Doc. WT/DS430/R (adopted June 19, 2015).Panel Report, Korea — Import Bans, and Testing and Certification Requirements for Radionuclides, WTO Doc. WT/DS495/R (adopted Apr. 26, 2019).Panel Report, Russian Federation — Measures on the Importation of Live Pigs, Pork and Other Pig Products from the European Union, WTO Doc. WT/DS475/R (adopted Mar. 21, 2017).Panel Report, United States — Measures Affecting the Production and Sale of Clove Cigarettes, WTO Doc. WT/DS406/R (adopted Apr. 24, 2012).國際組織相關文件Committee on Sanitary and Phytosanitary Measures, Recommended Notification Procedures, WTO Doc. G/SPS/7 (June 11, 1996).Committee on Sanitary and Phytosanitary Measures, Recommended Procedures for Implementing the Transparency Obligations of the SPS Agreement (Article 7), WTO Doc. G/SPS/7/Rev.4 (June 4, 2018).Committee on Sanitary and Phytosanitary Measures, Overview Regarding the Level of Implementation of the Transparency Provisions of the SPS Agreement, WTO Doc. G/SPS/GEN/804/Rev.12 (Oct. 17, 2019).Committee on Sanitary and Phytosanitary Measures, Procedure to Enhance Transparency of Special and Differential Treatment in Favour of Developing Country Members, WTO Doc. G/SPS/33/Rev.1 (Dec. 18,2009).Committee on Sanitary and Phytosanitary Measures, Recommended Procedures for Implementing the Transparency Obligations of the SPS Agreement (Article 7) as of 1 December 2008, WTO Doc. G/SPS/7/Rev.3 (June 20, 2008).International Convention Relating to the Simplification of Customs Formalities, Nov. 3, 1923, 19 AM. J. INT’L L. SUPP. 146 (1925).WTO & THE ORGANISATION FOR ECONOMIC CO-OPERATION AND DEVELOPMENT, FACILITATING TRADE THROUGH REGULATORY COOPERATION THE CASE OF THE WTO’S TBT/SPS AGREEMENTS AND COMMITTEES (2019), https://www.wto.org/english/res_e/booksp_e/tbtsps19_e.pdf.WTO, Ministerial Conference, Fourth Session, Doha, 9-14 November 2001, Implementation-Related Issues and Concerns, WTO Doc. WT/MIN(01)/17 (Nov. 20, 2001).WTO SECRETARIAT, PRACTICAL MANUAL FOR SPS NATIONAL NOTIFICATION AUTHORITIES AND SPS NATIONAL ENQUIRY POINTS (2018), https://www.wto.org/english/tratop_e/sps_e/practical_manual_for_sps_national_notification_authorities_and_sps_national_enquiry_points_7531_18_e.pdf.其他研究報告KARIM, MD. REZAUL, TRANSPARENCY IS THE MOST IMPORTANT GOVERNANCE ISSUE IN THE WTO SUBSIDY CONTROL 12 (2014), https://ssrn.com/abstract=2498863.Maria Perez-Esteve, WTO Rules and Practices for Transparency and Engagement with Civil Society Organizations 4 (WTO, Staff Working Paper No. ERSD-2012-14, 2012).Robert Wolfe, Letting the Sun Shine in at the WTO: How Transparency Brings the Trading System to Life 8 (WTO, Staff Working Paper No. ERSD-2013-03, 2013). zh_TW dc.identifier.doi (DOI) 10.6814/NCCU202001673 en_US
