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題名 論性侵害女性被害人之供述證據—以美國法為中心
Ascertaining Testimonies of Female Victim-Witnesses in Rape Trials: from the Perspective of American Law作者 王思雅
Wang, Szu-Ya貢獻者 何賴傑
Her, Lai-Jier
王思雅
Wang, Szu-Ya關鍵詞 性侵害
被害人陳述
單一供述證據
憑信性
補強證據
美國法
性侵害犯罪防治法
司法院釋字七八九號日期 2020 上傳時間 2-Sep-2020 12:23:38 (UTC+8) 摘要 性侵案審理最大的困難，在於證言證明力之評價。近年來，我國無論是實務判決、或甫出爐的釋字第七八九號，都顯見法律體制已體認到性侵害案的特殊性。我國刑事訴訟法第一五六條第二項明定，被告之自白不得作為有罪判決之唯一證據，而實務見解亦肯認被害人陳述亦有所適用，即性侵害被害人未經補強之單一證述，必不得作為被告定罪之唯一證據。然而，這樣的見解與性侵害之本質存在根本上的矛盾，導致我國性侵害案常見以證據瑕疵、證據不足等理由而為之不起訴或無罪裁量，本文認為，我國在性侵案審理上要有所突破，可參考美國法之立法走向——根基於消除法律體制對「女性憑信性」問題之司法改革。本文欲先藉由普通法歷史發展上對女性評價之偏見為出發點，進而沿著美國司法實務的發展脈絡、以探究美國性侵害證據法之改革，最後重新檢視我國制度中內涵性別偏見的法理與制度，並提出我國未來之修法可能與方向。 參考文獻 中文文獻（一）專書論著王兆鵬，《美國刑事訴訟法》，元照出版，2004年9月。余貞誼等著，〈我說妳是妳就是：PTT「母豬教」中的厭女與性別挑釁〉，王曉丹主編，《這是愛女，也是厭女：如何看穿這世界拉攏與懲戒女人的兩手策略？》，大家出版，2019年7月。花滿堂，《刑事訴訟法爭議問題研究》，新學林，2018年5月。張瑋心，《美國兒少性侵案件實務審判研究》，元照出版， 2017年1月。凱特˙曼恩（Kate Manne）著，巫靜文譯，《不只是厭女：為什麼越「文明」的世界，厭女的力量越強大？拆解當今最精密的父權敘事》，麥田出版，2019年12月。黃朝義，《刑事訴訟法》，新學林，2014年9月四版。（二）翻譯著作米蘭達˙弗里克著，黃珮玲譯，《知識的不正義：偏見和缺乏理解，如何造成不公平？》，八旗文化，2019年1月。约翰˙W˙斯特龙主编，汤维建等译，《麦考密克论证据》，中国政法大学出版社，2003年。约书亚˙德雷斯勒（Joshua Dressler）着，王秀梅等译，《美国刑法精解》，北京大学出版社，2009年1月。（三）期刊論文吳景欽，〈性侵害案件中以被害人供述為唯一證據的正當性探討〉，軍法專刊，56卷2期，頁87-104，2010年4月。吳維雅，〈「你相不相信孩子」？——論兒童性侵害案件中之兒童證人及專家證人兼評台灣高等法院92年少連上訴字第218號刑事判決〉，檢察新論，1期，頁131-151， 2007年1月。李佳玟，〈走出信與不信的迷宮—論兒童性侵害案之程序問題與改進之道〉，台灣法學雜誌，頁62-69，2011年12月。李佳玟，〈說是才算同意（Only Yes Means Yes）——增訂刑法「未得同意性交罪」之芻議〉，臺北大學法學論叢，103期，頁53-118，2017年9月。李榮耕，〈證人能力與幼童證人／最高院100台上6816判決〉，台灣法學雜誌，194期，頁173-178，2012年2月。林志潔，〈復仇的女王蜂？精神異常的弱女子？—由女性主義法學方法評析最高法院相關裁判—〉，台灣法學雜誌，126期，頁33-49，2009年4月。林志潔、金孟華，〈「合理」的懷疑？——以女性主義法學觀點檢視性侵害審判之偏見〉，政大法學評論，頁117-166，127期，2012年7月林志潔、金孟華，〈美國女性主義法學發展與性侵害防制法之改革〉，月旦法學雜誌，182期，頁144-161，2010年7月。林鈺雄，〈對質詰問觀點的傳聞法則（一）／對質詰問例外與傳聞例外之衝突與出路－歐洲人權法院與我國最高法院裁判之比較評析〉，台灣法學雜誌，第119期，頁91-115，2009年1月。邱忠義，〈評析釋字789號解釋關於被告詰問權與被害者身心保護之權衡取捨--性侵害被害人警詢筆錄之證據能力〉，檢察新論，27期，頁129-145，2020年2月。金孟華，〈證據相互影響論－以刑事證據法為中心〉，中研院法學期刊，23期，頁171-218，2018年9月。陳昭如，〈大法官解釋中的歷史與傳統--女性主義觀點的批判〉，中研院法學期刊，7期，頁81-140，2010年9月。楊雲驊，〈補強證據－以性侵案件為例〉，法務通訊，2854 期，頁3-6，2017年6月。蘇凱平，〈自白與補強證據之證明力成反比？──評最高法院107年度台上字第4321號刑事判決〉，月旦裁判時報，87期，頁57-65，2019年9月。蘇凱平，〈重新探索自由心證：以憲法與刑事訴訟法的價值衝突與解決為核心〉，國立臺灣大學法學論叢，49卷1期，頁339-401，2020年3月。（四）碩士論文王於鎮，《兒童證人之傳聞證據研究》，國立臺北大學法律系研究所碩士論文， 2018年7月。王俊凱，《性侵案件之證據法則──判決分析與展望》，國立臺灣大學法律學院法律學研究所碩士論文，2019年1月。安真慧，《從女性主義的觀點看妨害性自主—再論違背意願》，國立臺灣大學法律學院法律學研究所碩士論文，2018年12月。林宏嘉，《性侵害案件被害兒童供述證據之研究》，國防大學管理學院法律學系碩士班學位論文，2016年6月。邱佳玄，《性侵害案件被害人性行為證據之合法性─以美國強暴盾牌條款為中心》，國立政治大學法律學研究所碩士論文，2014年6月。金孟華，《從女性主義法學觀察性侵害法律改革之演進》，國立交通大學科技法律研究所碩士論文，2010年7月。張至柔，《性侵害常見有罪認定證據構造之檢討-以被害人指述、驗傷診斷書與PTSD為中心》，國立臺灣大學科際整合法律學研究所碩士論文，2018年7月。許潔怡，《刑事訴訟程序中兒童證言之研究-以證言可信度為中心》，國立成功大學法律學研究所碩士論文，2008年2月。陳又寧，《美國性侵害證據法則之研究-以破除性侵害迷思為中心》，國立交通大學科技法律研究所碩士論文，2010年7月。。陳怡潔，《刑事審判中補強法則之研究》，國立成功大學法律學系研究所碩士論文，2013年6月。陳威璇，《彈劾證據之研究》，東吳大學法學院法律學系碩士班碩士論文，2014年6月。趙若傑，《性／自主–重新思考妨害性自主罪的保護法益》，國立政治大學法律學系研究所碩士學位論文，2015年11月。劉宜昇，《住所內正當防衛之探究－以美國法堡壘原則為中心》，國立政治大學法律學系研究所碩士學位論文，2019年11月。簡士淳，《私人之現行犯逮捕─其歷史溯源、法理基礎與比較法分析》，國立政治大學法律學系研究所碩士論文，2012年1月。（五）政府報告、統計資料2020年性別圖像，行政院性別平等委員會，檢自：https://gec.ey.gov.tw/Page/8996A23EDB9871BE（最後瀏覽日：2020年5月10日）。地方檢察署辦理性侵害案件統計—中華民國108年1-12月，中華民國法務部檢察統計，檢自：https://www.rjsd.moj.gov.tw/rjsdweb/common/WebList3_Report.aspx?list_id=1137（最後瀏覽日：2020年5月10日）。（六）網路資源〈她們都是第一人！ 美國女性獲投票權百年 盤點美國政壇的「先鋒女性」〉，風傳媒，2019年6月7日，https://www.storm.mg/article/1362711?page=1（最後瀏覽日：2020年6月14日）。〈吳敦義暗罵陳菊「肥滋滋大母豬」 黨內也看不下去：豬隊友〉，自由時報，2018年11月17日，https://news.ltn.com.tw/news/politics/breakingnews/2615926 （最後瀏覽日：2020年7月20日）。〈誰在當法官？法官，還是鑑識專家？〉，法操，2016年9月2日，https://follaw.tw/f-comment/f02/10264/（最後瀏覽日：2020年7月19日）。ShuHua Tang，〈有關美國墮胎爭議的幾個關鍵詞〉，紐約時報中文網，2019年5月27日，https://cn.nytimes.com/culture/20190527/wod-abortion/zh-hant/（最後瀏覽日：2020年5月30日）。李忠謙，〈伊藤詩織的MeToo故事：日本第一位公開長相與真名，挺身指控性侵的女性獲得勝訴〉，風傳媒，2019年12月18日，https://www.storm.mg/article/2079295 （最後瀏覽日：2020年6月10日）。李修慧，〈柯文哲聊「美學」又失言：台灣女生不化妝直接「上街嚇人」〉，The News Lens關鍵評論，2018年10月20日，https://www.thenewslens.com/article/106490 （最後瀏覽日：2020年7月20日）。林昱均，〈「幫你6一波」手遊色情廣告 NCC不予處罰：未達客觀違規標準〉，ET TODAY新聞雲，2018年5月30日，https://www.ettoday.net/news/20180530/1180523.htm （最後瀏覽日：2020年6月1日）。張之謙，〈性騷擾？參選人掛泳裝看板 議員何文海竟說：怎麼不露胸〉，三立新聞網，2018年8月15日，https://www.setn.com/News.aspx?NewsID=416767 （最後瀏覽日：2020年7月20日）。曾宏逸聲請書，檢自：https://www.judicial.gov.tw/FYDownload/FYDownload.asp?fileguid=001460-D3BV5（最後瀏覽日：2020年5月1日）。黃韋詮，〈被迫口交反被怪「沒咬傷對方」 民團痛批司法官性別盲〉，新頭殼，2018年3月14日，https://newtalk.tw/news/view/2018-03-14/117333（最後瀏覽日：2020年1月31日）。黃雅琪，〈陳雪生挺肚頂背還嗆不會懷孕 范雲怒告性騷擾〉，鏡傳媒，2020年7月20日，https://www.mirrormedia.mg/story/20200720edi018/（最後瀏覽日：2020年7月22日）。楊婉瑩，〈穿裙子為什麼不能當總統？吳音寧為什麼太年輕？從台灣政壇看厭女政治的4種變形〉，獨立評論＠天下，2019年8月26日，https://opinion.cw.com.tw/blog/profile/390/article/8421（最後瀏覽日：2020年4月30日）。聖依，〈南韓網路性犯罪「N號房事件」：殘暴性虐未成年，「共犯」至少 26 萬人〉，換日線，2020年3月30日，https://crossing.cw.com.tw/article/13182 （最後瀏覽日：2020年6月30日）。廖綉玉，〈不再忍耐！富家男大生遭上百名婦女指控性侵 保守伊斯蘭國度也掀起#MeToo運動〉，風傳媒，2020年8月1日，https://www.storm.mg/article/2905169 （最後瀏覽日：2020年8月1日）。鄭旭凱，〈19歲嫩妻偷吃被逮 夫家罰她在娘家端檳榔香菸「洗門風」〉，自由時報，2020年5月21日，https://news.ltn.com.tw/news/society/breakingnews/3172875 （最後瀏覽日：2020年6月 24日）。（六）司法院解釋司法院釋字第789號解釋理由書。釋字789號公開說明會爭點題綱，檢自：https://cons.judicial.gov.tw/jcc/zh-tw/contents/show/p5yncty7vgaquzxp（最後瀏覽日：2020年6月4日）。釋字789號林大法官俊益提出之協同意見書。釋字789號黃大法官昭元提出，許大法官志雄加入之協同意見書。釋字789號詹大法官森林提出之協同意見書。英文文獻（一）專書論著ANDREW E. 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國立政治大學
法律科際整合研究所
103652016資料來源 http://thesis.lib.nccu.edu.tw/record/#G0103652016 資料類型 thesis dc.contributor.advisor 何賴傑 zh_TW dc.contributor.advisor Her, Lai-Jier en_US dc.contributor.author (Authors) 王思雅 zh_TW dc.contributor.author (Authors) Wang, Szu-Ya en_US dc.creator (作者) 王思雅 zh_TW dc.creator (作者) Wang, Szu-Ya en_US dc.date (日期) 2020 en_US dc.date.accessioned 2-Sep-2020 12:23:38 (UTC+8) - dc.date.available 2-Sep-2020 12:23:38 (UTC+8) - dc.date.issued (上傳時間) 2-Sep-2020 12:23:38 (UTC+8) - dc.identifier (Other Identifiers) G0103652016 en_US dc.identifier.uri (URI) http://nccur.lib.nccu.edu.tw/handle/140.119/131671 - dc.description (描述) 碩士 zh_TW dc.description (描述) 國立政治大學 zh_TW dc.description (描述) 法律科際整合研究所 zh_TW dc.description (描述) 103652016 zh_TW dc.description.abstract (摘要) 性侵案審理最大的困難，在於證言證明力之評價。近年來，我國無論是實務判決、或甫出爐的釋字第七八九號，都顯見法律體制已體認到性侵害案的特殊性。我國刑事訴訟法第一五六條第二項明定，被告之自白不得作為有罪判決之唯一證據，而實務見解亦肯認被害人陳述亦有所適用，即性侵害被害人未經補強之單一證述，必不得作為被告定罪之唯一證據。然而，這樣的見解與性侵害之本質存在根本上的矛盾，導致我國性侵害案常見以證據瑕疵、證據不足等理由而為之不起訴或無罪裁量，本文認為，我國在性侵案審理上要有所突破，可參考美國法之立法走向——根基於消除法律體制對「女性憑信性」問題之司法改革。本文欲先藉由普通法歷史發展上對女性評價之偏見為出發點，進而沿著美國司法實務的發展脈絡、以探究美國性侵害證據法之改革，最後重新檢視我國制度中內涵性別偏見的法理與制度，並提出我國未來之修法可能與方向。 zh_TW dc.description.tableofcontents 第一章 緒論 1第一節 問題意識 1第二節 研究目的 6第三節 研究方法、範圍與本文架構 10第二章 性侵案女性被害人之供述 13第一節 美國性侵害犯罪概述 14第一項 不合法性行為 15第二項 美國性犯罪之改革 17第二節 女性、證言與憑信性 20第一項 憑信性的概念 21第二項 攻擊證人的憑信性 22第三項 認識論的觀點 25第三節 性侵案之即時陳述原則 30第一項 起源與發展 30第一款 普通法之起源 31第二款 美國法的沿用 33第二項 即時陳述原則之內涵 36第一款 與傳聞法則之區別 36第二款 陳述內容的限制 38第三項 批評 39第一款 模範刑法典 39第二款 淪為憑信性的攻擊手段 41第三款 被害人沈默的代價 42第四節 小結 43第三章 美國性侵案補強證據之適格 45第一節 起源：罪體原則 46第二節 美國性侵害案之證據補強 48第一項 州法院 49第一款 發展沿革 49第二款 州法院之規範 51第二項 聯邦巡迴上訴法院之見解 55第三節 美國性侵害案補強要求之復辟 60第一項 性侵害案之陪審團指示 61第一款 陪審團指示的目的與功能 61第二款 陪審團指示對性侵害案的重要性 63第三款 性侵害案陪審團指示的內容 66第二項 大學校園性侵害 67第一款 校園文化與性侵害 68第二款 校園性侵害之調查程序 70第三款 爭議過程與後續發展 71第四節 小結 73第四章 美國法對我國性侵案補強之啟示 75第一節 我國性侵案之證據補強法則 76第一項 補強法則之實務發展 76第二項 性侵害被害人證言之補強 78第二節 釋字七八九號與女性供述憑信性 81第一項 司法院釋字第七八九號 81第一款 案件背景 81第二款 釋憲標的與範圍 85第三款 合憲性要件 87第二項 試評析司法院釋字第七八九號 92第一款 身心狀況之鑑定與函調 93第二款 陳述時點及案發時點之間距 95第三款 不得作為唯一或主要證據 95第三節 我國性侵害相關法制之檢討 96第一項 以證據法例外保護性侵害被害人 97第二項 修法建議與方向 98第五章 結論 101參考文獻 105 zh_TW dc.source.uri (資料來源) http://thesis.lib.nccu.edu.tw/record/#G0103652016 en_US dc.subject (關鍵詞) 性侵害 zh_TW dc.subject (關鍵詞) 被害人陳述 zh_TW dc.subject (關鍵詞) 單一供述證據 zh_TW dc.subject (關鍵詞) 憑信性 zh_TW dc.subject (關鍵詞) 補強證據 zh_TW dc.subject (關鍵詞) 美國法 zh_TW dc.subject (關鍵詞) 性侵害犯罪防治法 zh_TW dc.subject (關鍵詞) 司法院釋字七八九號 zh_TW dc.title (題名) 論性侵害女性被害人之供述證據—以美國法為中心 zh_TW dc.title (題名) Ascertaining Testimonies of Female Victim-Witnesses in Rape Trials: from the Perspective of American Law en_US dc.type (資料類型) thesis en_US dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 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