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題名 政府公關與錯假訊息處理成效之研究 ─以某中央部會為例的準實驗研究
The Effectiveness of Government Public Relation in Dealing with Disinformation: A Quasi-experimental Case Study on a Ministry at the Central Government作者 楊惠懿
Yang, Hui-I貢獻者 陳敦源
Chen, Don-Yun
楊惠懿
Yang, Hui-I關鍵詞 政府公關
錯假訊息
準實驗設計
績效評估
政府信任
Disinformation
Government public relation
Quasi-experimental design日期 2020 上傳時間 2-Sep-2020 12:35:00 (UTC+8) 摘要 近年來全世界受到錯假訊息的影響,並且網際網路的迅速發展加劇錯假訊息的危害,成為政府公關的新挑戰。政府公關藉由網際網路進行溝通與管理,散佈正確資訊的同時也建立形象,降低錯假訊息的損害。本研究在瞭解錯假訊息的環境之後,進而探討目前政府公關處理錯假訊息的成效。不同於過往研究聚焦於政府公關主動建立良好關係、塑造形象等公關活動的績效評估,本研究試圖評估政府公關被動因應錯假訊息的澄清圖文是否有效。本研究採用混合方法研究途徑,藉由深度訪談法瞭解錯假訊息的現況,再以深度訪談的分析結果作為準實驗研究的基礎,設計實驗問卷。此次實驗招募對象為使用網路的年輕族群,以了解政府公關目前於網路澄清錯假訊息的公關活動是否有成效。問卷設計與茶類飲品相關的錯假訊息情境題,探究受試者的行為態度變化。研究發現可分為三點:(一)影響台灣的錯假訊息具有扭曲資訊、誤導公眾的特性;(二)政府機關除了使用新聞稿及記者會回應錯假訊息,因應網際網路發展,於網路投放澄清圖文,降低錯假訊息的影響;(三)政府公關澄清錯假訊息的圖文有效降低公眾受錯假訊息的影響,評估政府公關回應錯假訊息具有成效,且此公關活動有必要性及重要性。另外,處理錯假訊息的方式須多元並進,僅依靠提升公民媒體素養、政府制定相關法律規範,不足以完全解決錯假訊息的影響。未來研究可以探討不同面向的錯假訊息議題,和其他處理錯假訊息的公關活動,藉以更加全面性地評估政府公關處理錯假訊息的成效,作為調整政府公關活動的依據。
In recent years, people around world has been affected by disinformation, which occurs in interpersonal information exchange about people’s livelihood, politics, and conflicting value. Government is trying to control the origin and spread of disinformation by providing correcting information to balancing the impact of disinformation to the citizenry. The purpose of the research is to identify the effect of government public relation in dealing with disinformation.First, this thesis is using in-depth interview and quasi-experiment to collect data. The result is as follows. Based on 5-point Likert Scale, the quasi-experiment concluded: (a) Clarification from government is effective to contain the influence of disinformation, (b) Government response to disinformation is not creating negative impressions. The data reveals that government public relation is effective to deal with the impact of disinformation and the government agencies can respond to the problem of disinformation in a more active way.At the end, this research has proved that well-planned responses to the disinformation can bear positive result to the problem. In other words, government can play a significant role in containing the problem of disinformation. 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(2017). The nature and origins of misperceptions: Understanding false and unsupported beliefs about politics. Political Psychology, 38(1), 127-150.Giglietto, Fabio, Laura Iannelli, Luca Rossi, and Augusto Valeriani. (2016, December 2). Fakes, News and the Election: A New Taxonomy for the Study of Misleading Information within the Hybrid Media System. Retrieved November 10, 2018, from https://www.slideshare.net/fabio.giglietto/misleading-information-in-the-hybrid-media-system-a-new-taxonomyGruning, James E. & Todd Hunt (1984). Managing Public Relation. N. Y.: CBS College Publishing.Heath, R. L. (1991). Public Relations Research and Education: Agendas For the 1990s. Public Relations Review, 17(2), 185-194.Hezewijk, René van. 1965. Quasi-Experimentation. The School Review.Joel Timmer. (2017) FIGHTING FALSITY: FAKE NEWS, FACEBOOK, AND THE FIRST AMENDMENT. Cardozo Arts & Entertainment Law Journal, 35(3), 669-705.Lazer DMJ, Baum MA, Benkler Y, et al. (2018). The science of fake news. Science. 359(6380):1094-1096. doi:10.1126/science.aao2998Lili Levi. (2017). Real “Fake News” and Fake “Fake News”, First Amendment Law Review, 16(2), 232-327.Mosseri Adam. (2016). News Feed FYI: Addressing Hoaxes and Fake News. Newsroom, Facebook, December 15. Retrieved December 22, 2018,from https://about.fb.com/news/2016/12/news-feed-fyi-addressing-hoaxes-and-fake-news/Pennycook, G., Cannon, T. D., & Rand, D. G. (2018). Prior exposure increases Perceived Accuracy of Fake News. Retrieved from https://ssrn.com/abstract=2958 246.Polit, D. F., & Hungler, B. P. (1991). Nursing Research Principles and Methods. N.Y.: J. B. Lippincott.Thorson, Emily A. & Stephan Stohler (2018). Maladies in the Misinformation Marketplace. First Amend. L. Rev, 16(2), 442.Vosoughi, S., Roy, D. & Aral, S. (2018). The Spread of True and False News Online. Science. 359(1146-1151). doi:10.1126/science.aap9559Wardle, C., & Derakhshan, H. (2017). Information Disorder: Toward an Interdisciplinary Framework for Research and Policy Making. Council of Europe Report.Retrieved November 7, 2018, from https://firstdraftnews.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/11/PREMS-162317-GBR-2018-Report-de%CC%81sinformation-1.pdf?x29719Watson, Carol A. (2018). Information Literacy in a Fake/False News World: An Overview of the Characteristics of Fake News and its Historical Development. International Journal of Legal Information, 46(2), 93-96.White, John. (1995). The Practice of Public Relations. Oxford: Butter Worth Heinemann.Wingfield, Nick, Mike Isaac, and Katie Benner. (2016, Norvember). Google and Facebook Take Aim at Fake News Sites. The New York Times. Retrieved December 13, 2018, form https://www.nytimes.com/2016/11/15/technology/google-will-ban-websites-that-host-fake-news-from-using-its-ad-service.html 描述 碩士
國立政治大學
公共行政學系
105256025資料來源 http://thesis.lib.nccu.edu.tw/record/#G0105256025 資料類型 thesis dc.contributor.advisor 陳敦源 zh_TW dc.contributor.advisor Chen, Don-Yun en_US dc.contributor.author (Authors) 楊惠懿 zh_TW dc.contributor.author (Authors) Yang, Hui-I en_US dc.creator (作者) 楊惠懿 zh_TW dc.creator (作者) Yang, Hui-I en_US dc.date (日期) 2020 en_US dc.date.accessioned 2-Sep-2020 12:35:00 (UTC+8) - dc.date.available 2-Sep-2020 12:35:00 (UTC+8) - dc.date.issued (上傳時間) 2-Sep-2020 12:35:00 (UTC+8) - dc.identifier (Other Identifiers) G0105256025 en_US dc.identifier.uri (URI) http://nccur.lib.nccu.edu.tw/handle/140.119/131732 - dc.description (描述) 碩士 zh_TW dc.description (描述) 國立政治大學 zh_TW dc.description (描述) 公共行政學系 zh_TW dc.description (描述) 105256025 zh_TW dc.description.abstract (摘要) 近年來全世界受到錯假訊息的影響,並且網際網路的迅速發展加劇錯假訊息的危害,成為政府公關的新挑戰。政府公關藉由網際網路進行溝通與管理,散佈正確資訊的同時也建立形象,降低錯假訊息的損害。本研究在瞭解錯假訊息的環境之後,進而探討目前政府公關處理錯假訊息的成效。不同於過往研究聚焦於政府公關主動建立良好關係、塑造形象等公關活動的績效評估,本研究試圖評估政府公關被動因應錯假訊息的澄清圖文是否有效。本研究採用混合方法研究途徑,藉由深度訪談法瞭解錯假訊息的現況,再以深度訪談的分析結果作為準實驗研究的基礎,設計實驗問卷。此次實驗招募對象為使用網路的年輕族群,以了解政府公關目前於網路澄清錯假訊息的公關活動是否有成效。問卷設計與茶類飲品相關的錯假訊息情境題,探究受試者的行為態度變化。研究發現可分為三點:(一)影響台灣的錯假訊息具有扭曲資訊、誤導公眾的特性;(二)政府機關除了使用新聞稿及記者會回應錯假訊息,因應網際網路發展,於網路投放澄清圖文,降低錯假訊息的影響;(三)政府公關澄清錯假訊息的圖文有效降低公眾受錯假訊息的影響,評估政府公關回應錯假訊息具有成效,且此公關活動有必要性及重要性。另外,處理錯假訊息的方式須多元並進,僅依靠提升公民媒體素養、政府制定相關法律規範,不足以完全解決錯假訊息的影響。未來研究可以探討不同面向的錯假訊息議題,和其他處理錯假訊息的公關活動,藉以更加全面性地評估政府公關處理錯假訊息的成效,作為調整政府公關活動的依據。 zh_TW dc.description.abstract (摘要) In recent years, people around world has been affected by disinformation, which occurs in interpersonal information exchange about people’s livelihood, politics, and conflicting value. Government is trying to control the origin and spread of disinformation by providing correcting information to balancing the impact of disinformation to the citizenry. The purpose of the research is to identify the effect of government public relation in dealing with disinformation.First, this thesis is using in-depth interview and quasi-experiment to collect data. The result is as follows. Based on 5-point Likert Scale, the quasi-experiment concluded: (a) Clarification from government is effective to contain the influence of disinformation, (b) Government response to disinformation is not creating negative impressions. The data reveals that government public relation is effective to deal with the impact of disinformation and the government agencies can respond to the problem of disinformation in a more active way.At the end, this research has proved that well-planned responses to the disinformation can bear positive result to the problem. In other words, government can play a significant role in containing the problem of disinformation. Future research directions includes: assessment the performance of different government public relation activities in disinformation responding and look deeper into people’s attitudes and social media behaviors concerning the problem of disinformation. en_US dc.description.tableofcontents 第壹章 緒論 1第一節 研究背景及動機 1第二節 假新聞和錯假訊息有什麼不同 2第三節 研究目的與問題 6第貳章 文獻探討 9第一節 政府回應 9第二節 政府公關與政策行銷 12第三節 政府公關之評估 22第四節 臺灣應對錯假訊息現況 25第參章 研究方法 31第一節 研究方法的選擇 31第二節 實驗設計 38第肆章 資料分析 51第一節 深度訪談內容分析 51第二節 實驗資料分析 60第伍章 結論與建議 70第一節 研究發現 70第二節 研究討論與建議 75第三節 研究限制與未來研究方向 78參考文獻 80附錄 85問卷構面與編碼 95表次表1 不實訊息分類表 4表2 假新聞與錯假訊息的比較表 5表3 主計治國新聞網友反應 10表4 公關溝通四模式 14表5 目前網路可能引發議題及所涉及之處理機制彙整表 26表6 修正草案 27表7 修正草案內容 27表8 準實驗設計 36表9 、政府信任度題項 47表10、媒體素養題項 48表11、前測修正內容 50表12、受訪者代碼 51表13、錯假訊息的類型 53表14、樣本代表性檢驗 60表15、不同實驗組前測行為態度的比較 61表16、不同實驗組後測行為態度的比較 64表17、政府信任度題目 65表18、有無瀏覽政府機關官方網站經驗在政府信任度的差異66表19、政府信任度與行為態度變化量之線性迴歸 66表20、媒體素養題目 67表21、媒體素養與行為態度變化量之線性迴歸 67表22、研究問題與假設對照表 72圖次圖1 公關研究循環圖 15圖2 行政院即時新聞澄清區 20圖3 農委會製作說明圖文 21圖4 農委會進行終結謠言挑戰賽 21圖5虛擬聯絡人美玉姨 29圖6組織理論的整合式研究架構 32圖7 研究架構圖 32圖8訪談對象關係圖 33圖9實驗流程圖 42圖10組織理論的整合式研究架構 75 zh_TW dc.format.extent 3967611 bytes - dc.format.mimetype application/pdf - dc.source.uri (資料來源) http://thesis.lib.nccu.edu.tw/record/#G0105256025 en_US dc.subject (關鍵詞) 政府公關 zh_TW dc.subject (關鍵詞) 錯假訊息 zh_TW dc.subject (關鍵詞) 準實驗設計 zh_TW dc.subject (關鍵詞) 績效評估 zh_TW dc.subject (關鍵詞) 政府信任 zh_TW dc.subject (關鍵詞) Disinformation en_US dc.subject (關鍵詞) Government public relation en_US dc.subject (關鍵詞) Quasi-experimental design en_US dc.title (題名) 政府公關與錯假訊息處理成效之研究 ─以某中央部會為例的準實驗研究 zh_TW dc.title (題名) The Effectiveness of Government Public Relation in Dealing with Disinformation: A Quasi-experimental Case Study on a Ministry at the Central Government en_US dc.type (資料類型) thesis en_US dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 一、中文參考文獻卜正珉(2003)。政府公共議題決策管理,臺北:楊智。何吉森(2018)。假新聞之監理與治理探討。傳播研究與實踐,8(2),P1-41。李武育、易文生(2007)。政府機關施政績效評估之現況與展望。研考雙月刊,31(6),3-12。李湘君(2004)。當代公共關係。臺北:亞太。李瞻(1992)。政府公共關係。臺北:理論與政策雜誌社。林博文(2009)。公共部門運用行銷觀念之研究:行銷概念的擴大化與轉化。行政暨政策學報,48,63-112。林嘉誠(2004)。公部門績效評估技術與指標建立。國家政策季刊,3(2),1-20。林靜伶、吳宜蓁、黃懿慧(1996)。公共關係。臺北:空大出版。姚惠忠(2007)。公共關係學:原理與實務,臺北:五南。胡元輝(2018)。造假有效、更正無力?第三方事實查核機制初探。傳播研究與實踐,8(2),43-73。孫秀蕙(1997)。公共關係:理論、策略與研究實例。初版。臺北:正中。翁興利(2004)。政策規劃與行銷。臺北:華泰。國家通訊傳播委員會(2017)假新聞議題國際觀測與因應建議報告。2019年10月21日,取自:https://www.ey.gov.tw/File/CA0916CDAB426097?A=C張世賢編(2005)。公共政策分析。臺北:五南。張在山(1994)。公共關係學。臺北:五南。許瓊文、洪世章(2011)。科技計畫績效評估指標的剖析。科技管理學刊,16(3),29-51。陳德禹(1989)。公共關係概念分析。行政管理論文選輯,4,453-467。傅文成(2006)。國防部媒體公共關係活動指標規劃之建構。政治作戰學校新聞研究所碩士論文,未出版,臺北市。黃拓遠(2016)。大學生社群網站使用動機、媒體素養與批判思考關係之研究。銘傳大學教育研究所在職專班碩士論文,未出版,臺北市。黃俊英(2002)。行銷學的世界。臺北:天下。黃國敏(2006)。桃竹苗地區縣市政府行政績效評比。政策研究學報,6,89-132。黃榮護主編(1998)。公共管理。臺北:商鼎。楊孟麗(譯)(2007)。實驗與類實驗設計─因果擴論(Experimental and quasi-experimental designs for generalized causal inference)(原作者:Shadish, W. 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