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題名 應用光譜水體指數結合數學形態學於光學影像進行河道變遷偵測之研究
The Study of River Change Detection Using Spectral Water Index and Mathematical Morphology Based on Optical Images作者 李鈺禪
Lee, Yu-Chan貢獻者 甯方璽
Ning, Fang-Shii
李鈺禪
Lee, Yu-Chan關鍵詞 河道變遷偵測
光學影像
光譜水體指數
數學形態學
River Change Detection
Optical Images
Spectral Water Index
Mathematical Morphology日期 2020 上傳時間 2-Sep-2020 12:40:03 (UTC+8) 摘要 臺灣本島為一南北狹長、東西窄的島嶼,造就河川有流路短促、坡陡流急的特性,夏季熱帶氣旋對流旺盛,豪雨沖蝕使得中下游河道易發生沖淤的現象;加上全球氣候極端化,河川洪枯流量越趨懸殊,河川深槽處於不穩定的狀態,使得河道變遷更加頻繁與複雜。對於河川規劃治理與災害防治,首要基礎工作則是河道變遷分析。欲瞭解河道變遷的情形,過去多以河道大斷面測量為之,近代則發展以遙感探測技術達成河道變遷偵測,如航空影像或衛星影像等,隨著新興技術的發展如無人機(Unmanned Aerial Vehicle, UAV)或光達(Light Detection And Ranging, LiDAR)亦可運用於河道變遷偵測。上述各項技術各有其限制,由於光學影像如Landsat和Sentinel具有免費下載、定期定點拍攝之優勢,故本研究選擇光學影像作為研究資料。本研究以臺灣本島北、中、南、東各區河川,分別為淡水河、北港溪、曾文溪、旗山溪與秀姑巒溪作為研究區域,計算光譜水體指數(Spectral Water Index)並加入數學形態學(Mathematical Morphology)的概念,藉其能快速並準確提取水體之特性,同時完整萃取河道的邊界,進一步分析河道的變化。研究成果顯示:Normalized Difference Water Index(NDWI)與Modified Normalized Difference Water Index(MNDWI)適用於旗山溪、秀姑巒溪與淡水河其河川特性為辮狀型態之河川,Automated Water Extraction Index(AWEI)則適用於北港溪與曾文溪其河川特性為蜿蜒型態之河川,由此可知根據不同河川型態特性,各種光譜水體指數的應用仍具有差異,因此本研究之貢獻主要為針對臺灣本島河川,歸納各種光譜水體指數於地表水體提取之適用性。
The characteristics of rivers in Taiwan are the steep slope with high sediment concentration. The distribution of precipitation is non-uniform due to the geographic environment and extreme events. Moreover, with the condition of global climate change, the dynamics of channel meandering become complicate and frequent. For river governance and disaster prevention, the primary work is the analysis of river change.To achieve river change detection, field measurements and remote sensing technology are necessary. With the development of new technology such as UAV and LiDAR, they can also be used for river change detection. Because optical images have the advantages of revisit time and long-term data collection, this study takes optical images as dataset.In this study, the study area includes Tamsui River, Beigang River, Zengwen River, Qishan River and Xiuguluan River. This study combines spectral water index and mathematical morphology to capture water bodies based on multitemporal optical images. In addition, this study delineates the river channel to analyze the change of river. The results show that Normalized Difference Water Index(NDWI) and Modified Normalized Difference Water Index(MNDWI) are suitable for braided rivers such as Qishan River, Xiuguluan River and Tamsui River. Automated Water Extraction Index(AWEI) is ideal for meandering rivers such as Beigang River and Zengwen River. 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國立政治大學
地政學系
107257004資料來源 http://thesis.lib.nccu.edu.tw/record/#G0107257004 資料類型 thesis dc.contributor.advisor 甯方璽 zh_TW dc.contributor.advisor Ning, Fang-Shii en_US dc.contributor.author (Authors) 李鈺禪 zh_TW dc.contributor.author (Authors) Lee, Yu-Chan en_US dc.creator (作者) 李鈺禪 zh_TW dc.creator (作者) Lee, Yu-Chan en_US dc.date (日期) 2020 en_US dc.date.accessioned 2-Sep-2020 12:40:03 (UTC+8) - dc.date.available 2-Sep-2020 12:40:03 (UTC+8) - dc.date.issued (上傳時間) 2-Sep-2020 12:40:03 (UTC+8) - dc.identifier (Other Identifiers) G0107257004 en_US dc.identifier.uri (URI) http://nccur.lib.nccu.edu.tw/handle/140.119/131757 - dc.description (描述) 碩士 zh_TW dc.description (描述) 國立政治大學 zh_TW dc.description (描述) 地政學系 zh_TW dc.description (描述) 107257004 zh_TW dc.description.abstract (摘要) 臺灣本島為一南北狹長、東西窄的島嶼,造就河川有流路短促、坡陡流急的特性,夏季熱帶氣旋對流旺盛,豪雨沖蝕使得中下游河道易發生沖淤的現象;加上全球氣候極端化,河川洪枯流量越趨懸殊,河川深槽處於不穩定的狀態,使得河道變遷更加頻繁與複雜。對於河川規劃治理與災害防治,首要基礎工作則是河道變遷分析。欲瞭解河道變遷的情形,過去多以河道大斷面測量為之,近代則發展以遙感探測技術達成河道變遷偵測,如航空影像或衛星影像等,隨著新興技術的發展如無人機(Unmanned Aerial Vehicle, UAV)或光達(Light Detection And Ranging, LiDAR)亦可運用於河道變遷偵測。上述各項技術各有其限制,由於光學影像如Landsat和Sentinel具有免費下載、定期定點拍攝之優勢,故本研究選擇光學影像作為研究資料。本研究以臺灣本島北、中、南、東各區河川,分別為淡水河、北港溪、曾文溪、旗山溪與秀姑巒溪作為研究區域,計算光譜水體指數(Spectral Water Index)並加入數學形態學(Mathematical Morphology)的概念,藉其能快速並準確提取水體之特性,同時完整萃取河道的邊界,進一步分析河道的變化。研究成果顯示:Normalized Difference Water Index(NDWI)與Modified Normalized Difference Water Index(MNDWI)適用於旗山溪、秀姑巒溪與淡水河其河川特性為辮狀型態之河川,Automated Water Extraction Index(AWEI)則適用於北港溪與曾文溪其河川特性為蜿蜒型態之河川,由此可知根據不同河川型態特性,各種光譜水體指數的應用仍具有差異,因此本研究之貢獻主要為針對臺灣本島河川,歸納各種光譜水體指數於地表水體提取之適用性。 zh_TW dc.description.abstract (摘要) The characteristics of rivers in Taiwan are the steep slope with high sediment concentration. The distribution of precipitation is non-uniform due to the geographic environment and extreme events. Moreover, with the condition of global climate change, the dynamics of channel meandering become complicate and frequent. For river governance and disaster prevention, the primary work is the analysis of river change.To achieve river change detection, field measurements and remote sensing technology are necessary. With the development of new technology such as UAV and LiDAR, they can also be used for river change detection. Because optical images have the advantages of revisit time and long-term data collection, this study takes optical images as dataset.In this study, the study area includes Tamsui River, Beigang River, Zengwen River, Qishan River and Xiuguluan River. This study combines spectral water index and mathematical morphology to capture water bodies based on multitemporal optical images. In addition, this study delineates the river channel to analyze the change of river. The results show that Normalized Difference Water Index(NDWI) and Modified Normalized Difference Water Index(MNDWI) are suitable for braided rivers such as Qishan River, Xiuguluan River and Tamsui River. Automated Water Extraction Index(AWEI) is ideal for meandering rivers such as Beigang River and Zengwen River. As a result, this study summarizes the applicability of each spectral water index for surface water extraction according to various river types in Taiwan. en_US dc.description.tableofcontents 第一章 緒論 1第一節 研究背景與動機 1第二節 研究目的 4第三節 論文架構 5第二章 文獻回顧 6第一節 河道變遷偵測之方法 6一、河道斷面測量應用於河道變遷偵測 6二、遙感技術應用於河道變遷偵測 7第二節 光學影像用於水體提取之研究 13一、主題分類 13二、光譜分解 15三、單一波段閾值 16四、光譜水體指數 17第三節 數學形態學 22第三章 研究方法與理論基礎 27第一節 研究區域 27一、淡水河 28二、北港溪 29三、曾文溪 30四、旗山溪 31五、秀姑巒溪 33第二節 研究資料 34第三節 水體提取與精度評估 37一、研究資料前處理 39二、光譜水體指數之計算 41三、數學形態學 41四、精度評估 44第四章 實驗成果與分析 47第一節 不同結構元素大小對水體提取之影響 47第二節 水體提取成果與精度評估 50一、水體提取成果 50二、精度評估 56三、大斷面測量資料之驗證 70第三節 變遷偵測結果 74第五章 結論與建議 83第一節 結論 83第二節 建議 84參考文獻 85一、中文參考文獻 85二、英文參考文獻 88 zh_TW dc.format.extent 7630535 bytes - dc.format.mimetype application/pdf - dc.source.uri (資料來源) http://thesis.lib.nccu.edu.tw/record/#G0107257004 en_US dc.subject (關鍵詞) 河道變遷偵測 zh_TW dc.subject (關鍵詞) 光學影像 zh_TW dc.subject (關鍵詞) 光譜水體指數 zh_TW dc.subject (關鍵詞) 數學形態學 zh_TW dc.subject (關鍵詞) River Change Detection en_US dc.subject (關鍵詞) Optical Images en_US dc.subject (關鍵詞) Spectral Water Index en_US dc.subject (關鍵詞) Mathematical Morphology en_US dc.title (題名) 應用光譜水體指數結合數學形態學於光學影像進行河道變遷偵測之研究 zh_TW dc.title (題名) The Study of River Change Detection Using Spectral Water Index and Mathematical Morphology Based on Optical Images en_US dc.type (資料類型) thesis en_US dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 一、中文參考文獻王永珍、梁昇,2003,「蜿蜒河道之水理與地形因子對河川影響之研究」,『水土保持學報』,35(3):291-308。王秀雯、王志添、陳錕山、林延郎,2007,「利用衛星雷達影像分析臺灣西部水線變遷」,『航測及遙測學刊』,12(2):107-119。王瑞源、徐逸祥、陳依婕、樊先達、黃昭雄、朱子豪,2011,「整合空間及遙測分析於非法廢棄物棄置場之判釋」,『航測及遙測學刊』,16(1):45- 61。尤姝媚,2009,「應用多時序遙測影像於海岸濕地監測與評估」,成功大學衛星資訊暨地球環境研究所學位論文:台南。尹孝元、梁隆鑫、陳錕山、黃珮琦,2010,「衛星影像於國土變異監測之應用」,『航測及遙測學刊』,15(1):65-78。孔繁恩、詹進發、邵怡誠、李茂園、葉堃生、陳連晃,2014,「物件式分類法於高解析度航照影像萃取崩塌地之研究」,『航測及遙測學刊』,18(4):267-281。付必濤,2009,「基於亞像元分解重構的MODIS水體提取模型及方法研究」,華中科技大學博士論文:武漢。朱芳儀、吳俊毅、安軒霈、林仕修、陳樹群,2018,「臺灣主要流域之河川型態及其野溪界點判定評估」,『中華水土保持學報』,49(3):178-186。江政矩,2019,「無人機航空攝影測量輔助土地複丈可行性之研究」,政治大學地政研究所學位論文:台北。吳士杰,2011,「集水區河道地形變遷與土石流規模關係之研究-以大溪流域上游之三個集水區為例」,中興大學水土保持學系所學位論文:台中。吳偉慶、殷守敬、朱利、馬萬棟,2015,「低空間分辨率遙感數據亞像元級水華面積提取方法」,『國土資源遙感』,27(3):47-51。李文萍、王旭紅、李天文、毛文婷、姚磊,2017,「黃河流域內陸地表水體提取方法研究」,『水土保持通報』,37(2):158-164。李霞、王飛、徐德斌、劉清旺,2008,「基於混合像元分解提取大豆種植面積的應用探討」,『農業工程學報』,24(1):213-217。李友群,2017,「基於最小能量函數於空間域進行估算位移場」,中興大學研究所機械工程學系所學位論文:台中。周達峰,2005,「眼睛檢測演算法的比較」,交通大學電機學院電子與光電學程學位論文:新竹。林世峻,2007,「以植生指標探討九份二山崩塌地植生變遷之研究」,中興大學水土保持學系所學位論文:台中。林政緯,2019,「利用雷達強度變遷偵測邊坡變動」,政治大學地政學系學位論文:台北。周湘儀,2014,「野溪河道土砂清疏適宜性分析」,中興大學水土保持學系學位論文,台中。邱彥瑋,2012,「混合式多光譜影像全色態銳化之方法探討」,臺灣大學土木工程學研究所學位論文:台北。柯如榕,2014,「多時期航空影像於河床變遷分析之應用研究」,中興大學土木工程學系研究所碩士論文:台中施上粟、陳章波、胡通哲、葉明峰,2006,「淡水河江子翠地區河防安全及河川生態棲地檢討規劃」,中央研究院生物多樣性研究中心技術報告。施介嵐,2003,「以光譜混合分析法進行台灣地區Master影像之研究」,交通大學土木工程學系學位論文:新竹。姜曉晨、鄭正棟、武國瑛、王東豪,2018,「Landsat 8 OLI 多光譜與全色影像融合算法的比較」,『信息技術與網路安全』,(8):8。連中豪,2013,「宜蘭清水溪流域河道變化及輸砂行為分析」,臺灣師範大學地球科學系學位論文:台北。梁平,2011,「多源遙測影像於海岸變遷之研究」,政治大學地政研究所學位論文:台北。梁繼友,2010,「旗山溪河道取水固床工鄰近河段之河床變動分析」,成功大學水利及海洋工程學系碩士在職專班學位論文:台南。陳翰霖,張瑞津,2007,「曾文溪流域豪大雨事件的流量及輸沙量」,『地理學報』,48:43-65。張學聖、廖晉賢,2015,「與水共生的空間規劃途徑-以曾文溪流域為例」,『建築與規劃學報』,16(2):183-200。張崴,2016,「UAV航拍技術應用於河道變遷土砂監測和山區地形製圖之可行性分析」,中興大學水土保持學系所學位論文:台中。張瑞津、石再添、陳翰霖,1997,「台灣西南部嘉南海岸平原河道變遷之研究」,『國立臺灣師範大學地理研究報告』,27:105-131。張家豪,2012,「旗山溪河道幾何及水理特性變遷之研究」,成功大學水利及海洋工程學系學位論文:台南。曾煥君、王志添、許明光、陳錕山,2003,「合成口徑雷達衛星影像應用於颱風時河道狀態之監測」,『航測及遙測學刊』,8(4):83-98.曾裕強、邱順興,2007,「基於空間渾沌模型之合成孔徑雷達影像變遷偵測應用於受災範圍估測」,『航測及遙測學刊』,12(4):283-290。黃煜婷,2013,「莫拉克風災河道淤塞及變遷-以荖濃溪流域為例」,臺灣師範大學地球科學系學位論文:台北。黃帥豪,2008,「運用影像處理於航照影像之自動河道變遷分析」,中原大學資訊工程研究所學位論文:桃園。經濟部水利署全球資訊網,2020,https://www.wra.gov.tw/,取用日期:2020年7月22日。經濟部水利署,2006,「河川治理及環境營造規畫參考手冊」。經濟部水利署,2013,「旗山溪水域生態、棲地變遷調查及分析成果報告」。經濟部水利署,2016,「秀姑巒溪水系治理規劃檢討報告」。經濟部水利署,2015,「曾文溪流域因應氣候變遷總合調適研究」。經濟部水利署,2013,「旗山溪水域、棲地變遷調查與分析報告」。經濟部水利署,2005,「秀姑巒溪河系情勢調查報告」。經濟部水利署,2005,「淡水河系河川情勢調查計畫總報告」。經濟部水利署,2006,「曾文溪河系河川情勢調查總報告」。廖泫銘、江正雄、范毅軍,2011,「臺灣航照影像數位典藏成果與應用」,『國土資訊系統通訊』,78:57-72。蔡宗翰,2014,「北港溪流域地質查核與詮釋」,『中華防災學刊』,6(2):283-290。鄧淑萍、蘇元風、羅漢強、陳永寬、鄭克聲,2010,「福衛二號影像之大氣輻射校正-輻射控制區的應用」,『農業工程學報』,56(3):63-73。鄧淑萍,2010,「假設檢定及衛星遙測影像應用於地表覆蓋變遷偵測之研究」,臺灣大學森林環境暨資源學研究所學位論文:台北。鄧國雄,1985,「淡水河系下游河道變遷研究」,台灣師範大學地理學系地理學研究所學位論文:台北。蔡光榮、陳穎慧、江介倫、陳怡睿、陳昆廷,2014,「極端氣候變遷下高屏溪流域水文與地文環境之變異性調查分析」,『中國鑛冶工程學會會刊』,58(1):45-61。鍾凱文、劉萬俠、黃建明,2006,「河道演變的遙感分析研究-以北江下游為例」,『國土資源遙感』,18(3):69-73。謝有忠,2016,「以多期數值地形資料評估山崩區及河道地形之變遷」,臺灣大學地質科學研究所學位論文:台北。蕭震洋、林伯勳、鄭錦桐、辜炳寰、徐偉城、冀樹勇,2009,「應用光達技術進行集水區土砂運移監測及攔阻率評估」,『中興工程』,(105):17-25。顏志憲、陳昆廷、李心平、劉政儒、吳宗諭、詹勳全,2015,「以無人載具航拍進行河道穩定性監測之可行性研究」,『水土保持學報』,47(3):1407-1417。蕭國鑫、劉進金、游明芳、陳大科、徐偉城、王晉倫,2015,「結合空載LiDAR與航測高程資料應用於地形變化偵測」,『航測及遙測學刊』,11(3):283-295。二、英文參考文獻Acharya, T. 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