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題名 國家資本主義的市場治理與監管沙盒:中國大陸冠軍私有企業發展的案例研究
The Governance of the Chinese State-capitalism and The Regulatory Sandbox: A Case Study of the Development of the Privately-owned National Champions
作者 鄭家琪
Cheng, Chia-Chi
貢獻者 張弘遠<br>王信賢
Zhang, Hong-Yuan<br>Wang, Xin-Xian
鄭家琪
Cheng, Chia-Chi
關鍵詞 國家資本主義
雙向性
政策試驗
監管沙盒
冠軍私有企業
中國
state capitalism
bidirectional
policy experiment
regulatory sandbox
national privately-owned champions
China
日期 2020
摘要 本文試圖回答:何以在政府管制能力強、政策主導性高以及國營企業具有政策優勢的情況下,大陸經濟體系中何以會出現具有高度壟斷性質的私有企業?如果大陸經濟環境有著「國營企業優先」的政治啄序,那何以這些私有企業能夠翻轉這種國營企業優先的政治啄序?為此,本文將探討中國國家資本主義之下國家是如何去選擇「具潛力企業」(又稱目標企業、冠軍企業)?說明整個選擇與發展的機制的運作過程,並闡釋創新過程的制度真空會如何影響既有制度。 本文將以中國國家資本主義的基礎,並提出「具雙向試驗性中國國家資本主義」與「監管沙盒模式」作為分析概念,並據此推展中國大陸創新產業發展的政經選擇機制,在研究設計上,將以阿里巴巴、華為作為個案,找出兩者成為冠軍私有企業的制度因素。在個案分析中,本文發現兩者之所以能夠超越其他競爭者,主要原因在於:1. 企業的創新、技術實力產生市場競爭優勢。2. 不受國資委的監管限制,私有企業比國有企業更有經營的彈性去完成政策任務。3. 個案在「監管沙盒模式」中的新商業模式、產品或技術有助於中央政府建構出新的監管方式,並得以強化對市場管理的能力。 本研究認發現,私營企業在地方層級運用創新而快速發展之後,當其符合整體國家策略扶持的標準,此時,中央政府將改變市場資源分配,以此來支持新行動者成為冠軍私有企業,並賦予其作為政府與市場之間「輸送帶」的角色,以強化國家的市場管理能力。
This research attempts to answer why do the privately-owned enterprises (POEs) who achieve the monopoly status can emerge and survive in China’s economic system, where the government can strongly control the market and where the state-owned enterprises (SOEs) have the advantages? If the pecking order favoring SOEs exist in China, why can those POEs turn over this order? Thus, this research rivet attention on how the government would choose the potential enterprises, as known as the target enterprise or the champion enterprise, in the context of Chinese state-capitalism, and explains how the institutional vacuum created by the innovation and its process would reshape the existed institutions according to the policy choices and developmental institutions. Based on the Chinese state-capitalism, this research provides Chinese bidirectional and experimental state-capitalism and the regulative sandbox as the concept analysis and reasons the decision-making mechanism that influences the development of the innovative industry in China. In terms of the research design, this research takes Alibaba and Huawei as cases and figures out the reasons for their success. Those reasons are as below: firstly, on the base of their technological capability and their innovation, they created their competitive advantages in the market. Secondly, they are more flexible to accomplish the policy mission than SOEs, because of the lack of supervision from SASAC. Finally, their business model, products, or technology developed in the regulative sandbox is the assets for China to construct the new regulations and reinforce their capacity to manage the market. Last but not the least, this research finds that after POEs rapidly grow up with their innovations, they may fit in the criteria that the central government sets up for subsidy. At this point, the central government will also redistribute the resources in the market, for the sake of supporting the new agents as the new champion and empower them as the transmission belts to strengthen their capacity to manage the market.
描述 博士
國立政治大學
東亞研究所
100260505
資料來源 http://thesis.lib.nccu.edu.tw/record/#G0100260505
資料類型 thesis
dc.contributor.advisor 張弘遠<br>王信賢zh_TW
dc.contributor.advisor Zhang, Hong-Yuan<br>Wang, Xin-Xianen_US
dc.contributor.author (Authors) 鄭家琪zh_TW
dc.contributor.author (Authors) Cheng, Chia-Chien_US
dc.creator (作者) 鄭家琪zh_TW
dc.creator (作者) Cheng, Chia-Chien_US
dc.date (日期) 2020en_US
dc.identifier (Other Identifiers) G0100260505en_US
dc.description (描述) 博士zh_TW
dc.description (描述) 國立政治大學zh_TW
dc.description (描述) 東亞研究所zh_TW
dc.description (描述) 100260505zh_TW
dc.description.abstract (摘要) 本文試圖回答:何以在政府管制能力強、政策主導性高以及國營企業具有政策優勢的情況下,大陸經濟體系中何以會出現具有高度壟斷性質的私有企業?如果大陸經濟環境有著「國營企業優先」的政治啄序,那何以這些私有企業能夠翻轉這種國營企業優先的政治啄序?為此,本文將探討中國國家資本主義之下國家是如何去選擇「具潛力企業」(又稱目標企業、冠軍企業)?說明整個選擇與發展的機制的運作過程,並闡釋創新過程的制度真空會如何影響既有制度。 本文將以中國國家資本主義的基礎,並提出「具雙向試驗性中國國家資本主義」與「監管沙盒模式」作為分析概念,並據此推展中國大陸創新產業發展的政經選擇機制,在研究設計上,將以阿里巴巴、華為作為個案,找出兩者成為冠軍私有企業的制度因素。在個案分析中,本文發現兩者之所以能夠超越其他競爭者,主要原因在於:1. 企業的創新、技術實力產生市場競爭優勢。2. 不受國資委的監管限制,私有企業比國有企業更有經營的彈性去完成政策任務。3. 個案在「監管沙盒模式」中的新商業模式、產品或技術有助於中央政府建構出新的監管方式,並得以強化對市場管理的能力。 本研究認發現,私營企業在地方層級運用創新而快速發展之後,當其符合整體國家策略扶持的標準,此時,中央政府將改變市場資源分配,以此來支持新行動者成為冠軍私有企業,並賦予其作為政府與市場之間「輸送帶」的角色,以強化國家的市場管理能力。zh_TW
dc.description.abstract (摘要) This research attempts to answer why do the privately-owned enterprises (POEs) who achieve the monopoly status can emerge and survive in China’s economic system, where the government can strongly control the market and where the state-owned enterprises (SOEs) have the advantages? If the pecking order favoring SOEs exist in China, why can those POEs turn over this order? Thus, this research rivet attention on how the government would choose the potential enterprises, as known as the target enterprise or the champion enterprise, in the context of Chinese state-capitalism, and explains how the institutional vacuum created by the innovation and its process would reshape the existed institutions according to the policy choices and developmental institutions. Based on the Chinese state-capitalism, this research provides Chinese bidirectional and experimental state-capitalism and the regulative sandbox as the concept analysis and reasons the decision-making mechanism that influences the development of the innovative industry in China. In terms of the research design, this research takes Alibaba and Huawei as cases and figures out the reasons for their success. Those reasons are as below: firstly, on the base of their technological capability and their innovation, they created their competitive advantages in the market. Secondly, they are more flexible to accomplish the policy mission than SOEs, because of the lack of supervision from SASAC. Finally, their business model, products, or technology developed in the regulative sandbox is the assets for China to construct the new regulations and reinforce their capacity to manage the market. Last but not the least, this research finds that after POEs rapidly grow up with their innovations, they may fit in the criteria that the central government sets up for subsidy. At this point, the central government will also redistribute the resources in the market, for the sake of supporting the new agents as the new champion and empower them as the transmission belts to strengthen their capacity to manage the market.en_US
dc.description.tableofcontents 第一章 緒論 1 第一節 前言 1 第二節 具雙向實驗性中國國家資本主義 4 一、中國經濟體制的雙向性與試驗特徵 4 二、監管沙盒模式 5 第三節 研究方法 11 一、文獻分析法 11 二、個案研究 12 三、田野調查 16 第四節 章節安排 17 第二章 理論對話與理論架構 21 第一節 理論對話與局限:東亞模式、新制度主義和資本主義多樣性 21 一、政府干預的比較:東亞發展模式與中國 22 二、新制度主義的解釋侷限:路徑依賴與斷續性均衡 25 三、資本主義多樣性的解釋侷限:制度性互補 26 第二節 理論架構:具雙向試驗性中國國家資本主義 28 一、中國國家資本的樣貌 28 二、創新與具雙向試驗性中國國家資本主義 33 第三節 監管沙盒模式 40 一、具雙向試驗性中國國家資本主義在監管沙盒模式的運用 40 二、制度真空下監管沙盒模式 41 第三章 中國私部門發展與政府監管 51 第一節 中國私部門的發展 51 一、中國私部門發展歷程與市場作用 51 二、政府對私部門的管理 54 三、政府與私有企業的關係 56 第二節 初創公司與政府角色、監管沙盒 61 一、初創公司、創新與政府角色 61 二、監管沙盒 63 第四章 虛擬經濟與個人信用系統的冠軍:阿里巴巴 69 第一節 阿里巴巴的詮釋優勢:誠信通、第三方支付 69 一、B2B的企業網路信用評價系統:誠信通 70 二、網路交易安全的新機制:第三方支付 73 第二節 杭州「評估模式」:從電子政務到電子商務 78 一、電子商務產業政策訊號學習:從「工業資訊化」到「數字浙江」 79 二、阿里巴巴成為杭州市明星企業的過程:從電子政務到電子商務 82 第三節 中央「擇優模式」:網路小微信貸、社會信用系統 86 一、自身能力證明:雲上貴州 86 二、特定產業目標:網路小微信貸 87 三、中央監管沙盒模式底線:芝麻信用、斷直連 91 第四節 小結 93 第五章 實體經濟與通訊技術的冠軍:華為 95 第一節 華為的詮釋優勢:國內買方信貸、全員工分紅 96 一、中國國內買方信貸 96 二、華為全員工分紅機制 99 第二節 深圳市「評估模式」:拳頭產業移動通訊設備 104 一、產業政策訊號學習:創新 104 二、華為展現市場能力:從村村通到「C08&8」 106 四、華為成為地方明星企業:深圳市政府與華為的合作 109 第三節 中央「擇優模式」:TD-SCDMA 110 一、加入國家隊前的自我能力證明:GSM 111 二、特定產業目標:TD-SCDMA商用化 111 三、加強政府市場管理能力 117 第四節 小結 118 第六章 結論 121 第一節 具雙向實驗性中國國家資本主義與監管沙盒 122 一、創新、雙向試驗性、多元政策工具組合 122 二、監管沙盒模式 124 第二節 個案在具雙向試驗性中國國家資本主義的運用與比較 127 一、個案在具雙向試驗性中國國家資本主義的運用 127 二、阿里巴巴、華為之間的同與異 130 第三節 理論貢獻與文獻對話 132 一、文獻對話 132 二、中國國家資本主義的補充 134 三、監管沙盒模式與未來預測性:國家冠軍私有企業的觸發條件 138 第三節 研究不足與後續研究發展 139 參考文獻 143 附錄一 訪談名單 175 附錄二 阿里巴巴重要事件年表 177 附錄三 華為事件表 179zh_TW
dc.source.uri (資料來源) http://thesis.lib.nccu.edu.tw/record/#G0100260505en_US
dc.subject (關鍵詞) 國家資本主義zh_TW
dc.subject (關鍵詞) 雙向性zh_TW
dc.subject (關鍵詞) 政策試驗zh_TW
dc.subject (關鍵詞) 監管沙盒zh_TW
dc.subject (關鍵詞) 冠軍私有企業zh_TW
dc.subject (關鍵詞) 中國zh_TW
dc.subject (關鍵詞) state capitalismen_US
dc.subject (關鍵詞) bidirectionalen_US
dc.subject (關鍵詞) policy experimenten_US
dc.subject (關鍵詞) regulatory sandboxen_US
dc.subject (關鍵詞) national privately-owned championsen_US
dc.subject (關鍵詞) Chinaen_US
dc.title (題名) 國家資本主義的市場治理與監管沙盒:中國大陸冠軍私有企業發展的案例研究zh_TW
dc.title (題名) The Governance of the Chinese State-capitalism and The Regulatory Sandbox: A Case Study of the Development of the Privately-owned National Championsen_US
dc.type (資料類型) thesis-