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題名 利用車聯網通訊進階分析高速公路交通狀況及非預期塞車現象
Advanced Analysis of Highway Traffic and Inexplicable Traffic Congestion Phenomenon using V2X Communication
作者 邱淑玲
Chiu, Shu-Ling
貢獻者 蔡子傑
Tsai, Tzu-Chieh
邱淑玲
Chiu, Shu-Ling
關鍵詞 車聯網
智慧交通
塞車
慢速車
HERMES
V2X
ITS
Traffic Jams
Slow-Moving Vehicles
日期 2020
上傳時間 2-Sep-2020 13:14:45 (UTC+8)
摘要 多數高速公路駕駛人都有遇過在天氣晴朗、車流量不多的情況下，忽然塞車，在沒任何原因下，交通忽然又恢復順暢。這類莫名的塞車現象大部份是由於駕駛行為而造成的，「慢速車」長期佔用車道，導致後方車輛堵塞，不僅增加塞車風險，也因為會迫使後方車輛變換車道，甚至煞車不及而造成追撞，增加事故風險，影響高速公路行車安全。雖然這屬於交通違規，但判斷上需要考慮多項條件，若無清楚資料，違規駕駛人常有爭議，而造成取締困難，至今仍然缺乏有效方法改善。目前有許多關於交通管理及路況分析的研究，但還沒有有效偵測車輛超速、慢速違規，甚至偵測慢速車相關的研究。

本篇論文提出一個新的方法，應用車聯網通訊技術（Vehicle-to-Everything, V2X）進行進階的高速公路交通狀況分析，包括：路況分析、慢速車輛偵測、速限違規車輛偵測，車聯網通訊是智能交通系統（ITS）的關鍵技術，因為目前硬體環境限制、基礎設施限制及交通安全問題，無法進行路上實測，本篇論文實作一個模擬高速公路交通管理及改善系統（Highway Efficient tRaffic Management and Enhancement System, HERMES），利用車聯網概念，實現車與車、車與路側設施之間的相互通信模擬，並利用車聯網傳遞獲得的資料進行分析，觀察車流量、傳送頻率、分析頻率對路況、慢速車數量、偵測延遲時間的影響，本篇論文的實驗結果展示了應用V2X通訊技術概念的可行性及能力。
The phenomenon that slow-moving vehicles occupy the lanes when the traffic is not so heavy, is considered as one of the crucial factors contributing to inexplicable traffic jam. It has a negative impact on traffic safety and increases the chance of accidents. It may force the cars behind to change lanes or cause rear-end collisions if cars behind fail to notice the speed. While this phenomenon occurs, it is not easy to detect whether it is a traffic violation because multiple criteria have to be fulfilled. There are many kinds of researches on traffic management or analysis. However, there is no research on the effective detection of speed violations or detection of slow-moving vehicles.

In this thesis, we propose a new application based on Vehicle-to-everything (V2X) communication concept and implement a Highway Efficient tRaffic Management and Enhancement System (HERMES) for simulation and analysis. V2X communication is developed for enabling autonomous driving and enhancing road safety, traffic efficiency, and energy savings. It incorporates various types of communication as V2I (vehicle-to-infrastructure), V2N (vehicle-to-network), V2V (vehicle-to-vehicle), and V2P (vehicle-to-pedestrian). We analyze the real-time vehicle data obtained by V2V and V2I for traffic status detection, suspected blockers detection, and speed violators detection to solve the potential traffic jam problem. We observe the impacts of the number of vehicles, transmission frequency, analysis frequency on traffic, suspected blocker, accuracy rate, and detection delay from several experiments. The results exhibit the feasibility and capability of the methodology.
參考文獻 [1] 國道交通事故統計及特性分析
https://www.freeway.gov.tw/Publish.aspx?cnid=516&p=2849
[2] 道路交通管理處罰條例 (Road Traffic Management and Penalty Act)
https://law.moj.gov.tw/ENG/LawClass/LawAll.aspx?pcode=K0040012
[3] 高速公路及快速公路交通管制規則
https://law.moj.gov.tw/LawClass/LawAll.aspx?PCode=K0040019
[4] 內政部警政署國道公路警察局全球資訊網(2020)，常見問答交通類—民眾檢舉未保持行車安全距離違規，警察機關為何難以製單舉發？民眾檢舉慢速車違規，警察機關為何難以製單舉發？擷取日期：2020年3月20日，網站：https://www.hpb.gov.tw/p/405-1000-729,c232.php
[5] Knospe, Wolfgang & Santen, Ludger & Schadschneider, Andreas & Schreckenberg, Michael, 1999. "Disorder effects in cellular automata for two-lane traffic," Physica A: Statistical Mechanics and its Applications, Elsevier, vol. 265(3), pages 614-633.
[6] 高速公路車道使用規定-專題網: 針對車道使用規定部分，有何宣導作為?
https://www.freeway.gov.tw/Publish.aspx?cnid=516&p=1090
[7] R. Molina-Masegosa, J. Gozalvez and M. Sepulcre, "Comparison of IEEE 802.11p and LTE-V2X: An Evaluation With Periodic and Aperiodic Messages of Constant and Variable Size," in IEEE Access, vol. 8, pp. 121526-121548, 2020
[8] Qualcomm Accelerating C-V2X commercialization
https://www.qualcomm.com/invention/5g/cellular-v2x
[9] Google Maps
https://www.google.com/maps
[10] "Google Maps now used by over 1 billion people every month". PPC Land. February 15, 2020. February 15, 2020.
[11] Google Help. "Traffic View." (Aug. 8, 2014)
https://support.google.com/gmm/answer/2840020?hl=en
[12] “An Artist Used 99 Phones to Fake a Google Maps Traffic Jam”. Wired. ISSN 1059-1028. February 4, 2020.
[13] Taiwan MOTC 1968 Freeway
https://1968.freeway.gov.tw
[14] J. Lin, Y. Huang, X. Su, Z. Su and P. Zhao, "An In-vehicle Camera Based Traffic Estimation in Smart Transportation," 2019 IEEE 5th International Conference on Computer and Communications (ICCC), Chengdu, China, 2019, pp. 2186-2192
[15] P. Fuxjaeger, S. Ruehrup, T. Paulin and B. Rainer, "Towards Privacy-Preserving Wi-Fi Monitoring for Road Traffic Analysis," in IEEE Intelligent Transportation Systems Magazine, vol. 8, no. 3, pp. 63-74, Fall 2016
[16] “IEEE Standard for Information Technology– Local and metropolitan area
networks– Specific requirements– Part 11: Wireless LAN Medium Access Control (MAC) and Physical Layer (PHY) Specifications Amendment 6: Wireless Access in Vehicular Environments,” IEEE Std 802.11p-2010, Jul. 2010.
[17] "Cellular V2X as the Essential Enabler of Superior Global Connected Transportation Services". IEEE 5G Tech Focus. IEEE. 1 (2). June 2017.
[18] Yuan-Jen Chen, “TAR: Trajectory-Aided Routing for V2V Communication in Vehicular Ad Hoc Networks”
[19] Chiao-Ling Yang, “A Cross-layer Congestion Avoidance Routing Scheme in Vehicular Ad Networks”
[20] G. Naik, B. Choudhury and J. Park, "IEEE 802.11bd & 5G NR V2X: Evolution of Radio Access Technologies for V2X Communications," in IEEE Access, vol. 7, pp. 70169-70184, 2019
[21] V. Mannoni, V. Berg, S. Sesia and E. Perraud, "A Comparison of the V2X Communication Systems: ITS-G5 and C-V2X," 2019 IEEE 89th Vehicular Technology Conference, KualaLumpur, Malaysia, 2019, pp.1-5
[22] 3GPP V2X
https://www.3gpp.org/release-17
[23] 中華民國交通部即時路況資料標準v2.0-資訊標準格式
https://www.motc.gov.tw/
[24] 高快速公路整體路網交通管理系統回顧與展望
http://www.ceci.org.tw/book/91/web/42-55.pdf
描述 碩士
國立政治大學
資訊科學系碩士在職專班
102971003
資料來源 http://thesis.lib.nccu.edu.tw/record/#G0102971003
資料類型 thesis
dc.contributor.advisor 蔡子傑zh_TW
dc.contributor.advisor Tsai, Tzu-Chiehen_US
dc.contributor.author (Authors) 邱淑玲zh_TW
dc.contributor.author (Authors) Chiu, Shu-Lingen_US
dc.creator (作者) 邱淑玲zh_TW
dc.creator (作者) Chiu, Shu-Lingen_US
dc.date (日期) 2020en_US
dc.date.accessioned 2-Sep-2020 13:14:45 (UTC+8)-
dc.date.available 2-Sep-2020 13:14:45 (UTC+8)-
dc.date.issued (上傳時間) 2-Sep-2020 13:14:45 (UTC+8)-
dc.identifier (Other Identifiers) G0102971003en_US
dc.identifier.uri (URI) http://nccur.lib.nccu.edu.tw/handle/140.119/131934-
dc.description (描述) 碩士zh_TW
dc.description (描述) 國立政治大學zh_TW
dc.description (描述) 資訊科學系碩士在職專班zh_TW
dc.description (描述) 102971003zh_TW
dc.description.abstract (摘要) 多數高速公路駕駛人都有遇過在天氣晴朗、車流量不多的情況下，忽然塞車，在沒任何原因下，交通忽然又恢復順暢。這類莫名的塞車現象大部份是由於駕駛行為而造成的，「慢速車」長期佔用車道，導致後方車輛堵塞，不僅增加塞車風險，也因為會迫使後方車輛變換車道，甚至煞車不及而造成追撞，增加事故風險，影響高速公路行車安全。雖然這屬於交通違規，但判斷上需要考慮多項條件，若無清楚資料，違規駕駛人常有爭議，而造成取締困難，至今仍然缺乏有效方法改善。目前有許多關於交通管理及路況分析的研究，但還沒有有效偵測車輛超速、慢速違規，甚至偵測慢速車相關的研究。

本篇論文提出一個新的方法，應用車聯網通訊技術（Vehicle-to-Everything, V2X）進行進階的高速公路交通狀況分析，包括：路況分析、慢速車輛偵測、速限違規車輛偵測，車聯網通訊是智能交通系統（ITS）的關鍵技術，因為目前硬體環境限制、基礎設施限制及交通安全問題，無法進行路上實測，本篇論文實作一個模擬高速公路交通管理及改善系統（Highway Efficient tRaffic Management and Enhancement System, HERMES），利用車聯網概念，實現車與車、車與路側設施之間的相互通信模擬，並利用車聯網傳遞獲得的資料進行分析，觀察車流量、傳送頻率、分析頻率對路況、慢速車數量、偵測延遲時間的影響，本篇論文的實驗結果展示了應用V2X通訊技術概念的可行性及能力。		zh_TW
dc.description.abstract (摘要) The phenomenon that slow-moving vehicles occupy the lanes when the traffic is not so heavy, is considered as one of the crucial factors contributing to inexplicable traffic jam. It has a negative impact on traffic safety and increases the chance of accidents. It may force the cars behind to change lanes or cause rear-end collisions if cars behind fail to notice the speed. While this phenomenon occurs, it is not easy to detect whether it is a traffic violation because multiple criteria have to be fulfilled. There are many kinds of researches on traffic management or analysis. However, there is no research on the effective detection of speed violations or detection of slow-moving vehicles.

In this thesis, we propose a new application based on Vehicle-to-everything (V2X) communication concept and implement a Highway Efficient tRaffic Management and Enhancement System (HERMES) for simulation and analysis. V2X communication is developed for enabling autonomous driving and enhancing road safety, traffic efficiency, and energy savings. It incorporates various types of communication as V2I (vehicle-to-infrastructure), V2N (vehicle-to-network), V2V (vehicle-to-vehicle), and V2P (vehicle-to-pedestrian). We analyze the real-time vehicle data obtained by V2V and V2I for traffic status detection, suspected blockers detection, and speed violators detection to solve the potential traffic jam problem. We observe the impacts of the number of vehicles, transmission frequency, analysis frequency on traffic, suspected blocker, accuracy rate, and detection delay from several experiments. The results exhibit the feasibility and capability of the methodology.		en_US
dc.description.tableofcontents CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTION 1
1.1 Motivation 1
1.2 Problem Definition 2
1.3 Objective 4
CHAPTER 2 RELATED WORKS 8
2.1 V2X Applications 8
2.2 Google Maps 10
2.3 Highway 1968 11
2.4 Literature Review I 12
2.5 Literature Review II 13
2.6 Comparison 14
CHAPTER 3 METHODOLOGY 15
3.1 Proposed Method Overview 15
3.2 Simulation 16
3.2.1 Introduction 16
3.2.2 Simulation Assumption 19
3.2.3 Simulation Parameters 21
3.2.4 Simulation Definition and Variables 22
3.3 Algorithm 25
3.3.1 Vehicles Enter and Leave 25
3.3.2 Vehicles Alignment 27
3.3.3 Vehicle Location Update 27
3.3.4 Vehicles Speed Update 29
3.3.5 Vehicles Lane Change 31
3.3.6 V2X Message Transmission 33
3.3.7 Real-Time Traffic Analysis 35
3.3.8 Real-Time Suspected Blockers Analysis 39
3.3.9 Speed Violator Analysis 42
CHAPTER 4 RESULT AND DISCUSSION 44
4.1 Traffic Summary Report (TSR) 44
4.2 Real-Time Suspected Blocker Report (RT-SBR)45
4.3 Road Snapshot Report (RSR) 46
4.4 Confirmed Blocker Report (CBR) 47
4.5 Confirmed Speed Violation Report (CSVR) 48
4.6 Impacts of Vehicle Numbers 49
4.7 Impact of Transmission Frequency 51
4.8 Impact of Traffic Analysis Frequency 52
4.9 Total Number of Transmitted V2X Packets 53
4.10 Accuracy Rate Discussion 54
CHAPTER 5 CONCLUSION AND FUTURE WORKS 58
REFERENCE 60		zh_TW
dc.format.extent 2620193 bytes-
dc.format.mimetype application/pdf-
dc.source.uri (資料來源) http://thesis.lib.nccu.edu.tw/record/#G0102971003en_US
dc.subject (關鍵詞) 車聯網zh_TW
dc.subject (關鍵詞) 智慧交通zh_TW
dc.subject (關鍵詞) 塞車zh_TW
dc.subject (關鍵詞) 慢速車zh_TW
dc.subject (關鍵詞) HERMESen_US
dc.subject (關鍵詞) V2Xen_US
dc.subject (關鍵詞) ITSen_US
dc.subject (關鍵詞) Traffic Jamsen_US
dc.subject (關鍵詞) Slow-Moving Vehiclesen_US
dc.title (題名) 利用車聯網通訊進階分析高速公路交通狀況及非預期塞車現象zh_TW
dc.title (題名) Advanced Analysis of Highway Traffic and Inexplicable Traffic Congestion Phenomenon using V2X Communicationen_US
dc.type (資料類型) thesisen_US
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) [1] 國道交通事故統計及特性分析
https://www.freeway.gov.tw/Publish.aspx?cnid=516&p=2849
[2] 道路交通管理處罰條例 (Road Traffic Management and Penalty Act)
https://law.moj.gov.tw/ENG/LawClass/LawAll.aspx?pcode=K0040012
[3] 高速公路及快速公路交通管制規則
https://law.moj.gov.tw/LawClass/LawAll.aspx?PCode=K0040019
[4] 內政部警政署國道公路警察局全球資訊網(2020)，常見問答交通類—民眾檢舉未保持行車安全距離違規，警察機關為何難以製單舉發？民眾檢舉慢速車違規，警察機關為何難以製單舉發？擷取日期：2020年3月20日，網站：https://www.hpb.gov.tw/p/405-1000-729,c232.php
[5] Knospe, Wolfgang & Santen, Ludger & Schadschneider, Andreas & Schreckenberg, Michael, 1999. "Disorder effects in cellular automata for two-lane traffic," Physica A: Statistical Mechanics and its Applications, Elsevier, vol. 265(3), pages 614-633.
[6] 高速公路車道使用規定-專題網: 針對車道使用規定部分，有何宣導作為?
https://www.freeway.gov.tw/Publish.aspx?cnid=516&p=1090
[7] R. Molina-Masegosa, J. Gozalvez and M. Sepulcre, "Comparison of IEEE 802.11p and LTE-V2X: An Evaluation With Periodic and Aperiodic Messages of Constant and Variable Size," in IEEE Access, vol. 8, pp. 121526-121548, 2020
[8] Qualcomm Accelerating C-V2X commercialization
https://www.qualcomm.com/invention/5g/cellular-v2x
[9] Google Maps
https://www.google.com/maps
[10] "Google Maps now used by over 1 billion people every month". PPC Land. February 15, 2020. February 15, 2020.
[11] Google Help. "Traffic View." (Aug. 8, 2014)
https://support.google.com/gmm/answer/2840020?hl=en
[12] “An Artist Used 99 Phones to Fake a Google Maps Traffic Jam”. Wired. ISSN 1059-1028. February 4, 2020.
[13] Taiwan MOTC 1968 Freeway
https://1968.freeway.gov.tw
[14] J. Lin, Y. Huang, X. Su, Z. Su and P. Zhao, "An In-vehicle Camera Based Traffic Estimation in Smart Transportation," 2019 IEEE 5th International Conference on Computer and Communications (ICCC), Chengdu, China, 2019, pp. 2186-2192
[15] P. Fuxjaeger, S. Ruehrup, T. Paulin and B. Rainer, "Towards Privacy-Preserving Wi-Fi Monitoring for Road Traffic Analysis," in IEEE Intelligent Transportation Systems Magazine, vol. 8, no. 3, pp. 63-74, Fall 2016
[16] “IEEE Standard for Information Technology– Local and metropolitan area
networks– Specific requirements– Part 11: Wireless LAN Medium Access Control (MAC) and Physical Layer (PHY) Specifications Amendment 6: Wireless Access in Vehicular Environments,” IEEE Std 802.11p-2010, Jul. 2010.
[17] "Cellular V2X as the Essential Enabler of Superior Global Connected Transportation Services". IEEE 5G Tech Focus. IEEE. 1 (2). June 2017.
[18] Yuan-Jen Chen, “TAR: Trajectory-Aided Routing for V2V Communication in Vehicular Ad Hoc Networks”
[19] Chiao-Ling Yang, “A Cross-layer Congestion Avoidance Routing Scheme in Vehicular Ad Networks”
[20] G. Naik, B. Choudhury and J. Park, "IEEE 802.11bd & 5G NR V2X: Evolution of Radio Access Technologies for V2X Communications," in IEEE Access, vol. 7, pp. 70169-70184, 2019
[21] V. Mannoni, V. Berg, S. Sesia and E. Perraud, "A Comparison of the V2X Communication Systems: ITS-G5 and C-V2X," 2019 IEEE 89th Vehicular Technology Conference, KualaLumpur, Malaysia, 2019, pp.1-5
[22] 3GPP V2X
https://www.3gpp.org/release-17
[23] 中華民國交通部即時路況資料標準v2.0-資訊標準格式
https://www.motc.gov.tw/
[24] 高快速公路整體路網交通管理系統回顧與展望
http://www.ceci.org.tw/book/91/web/42-55.pdf		zh_TW
dc.identifier.doi (DOI) 10.6814/NCCU202001596en_US