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題名 金融科技的破壞式創新─以AlphaLoan信用貸款為個案研究
The Disruptive Innovation of Fintech – A Case Study of AlphaLoan on Credit Loan作者 林榆庭
Lin, Yu-Ting貢獻者 鄭至甫
林榆庭
Lin, Yu-Ting關鍵詞 金融科技
信用貸款
開放銀行
交易成本
破壞式創新
Fintech
Credit loan
Open banking
Transaction cost
Disruptive innovation日期 2020 上傳時間 1-Dec-2020 15:03:19 (UTC+8) 摘要 金融科技公司雖仍無法在台灣經營金融特許業務，但非特許業務如支付、貸款等已經開始面臨市場瓜分的危機。傳統金融機構為了避免客戶流失與鞏固業務經營，透過開放 API 與金融科技新創公司合作，打造新型態的金融商品和服務。隨著信用貸款需求日漸攀升，如何藉由金融科技消除資訊不對稱，讓借貸雙方都能降低交易成本，使過去無法取得信用貸款的消費者得以享受信用貸款服務，成為一個值得探討的問題。基於上述現象，本研究採用質性研究法中的個案研究法與半結構式訪談法，以開放銀行第一階段參與者中的第三方服務業者(Third-Party Service Providers，TSP)新愛世科技股份有限公司作為研究對象，探討其產品實貸比較網(AlphaLoan)如何改變信用貸款市場的生態。本研究結合交易成本理論和破壞式創新理論，探討科技如何減少消費者取得銀行資訊的交易成本進而使消費者成功申請信用貸款，並從個案了解科技在金融領域的實務應用及為消費者提供的服務價值。研究結果發現 TSP 業者藉由增加消費者的資訊取得管道而成為信用貸款市場的參與者，扮演中介者的角色以降低消費者和銀行之間的交易成本，交易成本的降低有助於信用貸款市場產生破壞式創新。
The fintech companies are still unable to run some of the financial business in Taiwan, but the financial institution start losing clients in payment and loan business. In order to avoid losing clients, the financial institution such as banks began to collaborate with fintech startups for new types of financial products or services. With the increasing demand of credit loan, It is an important topic that how to reduce information asymmetry and transaction costs.Based on these phenomenon, this research employed qualitative research method with case study and semi-structured interview with AlphaLoan, who participated in the step 1 of the Open Banking, to figure out how the ecosystem of credit loan market changes. By transaction cost theory and disruptive innovation theory, this research explore how technology reduce the transaction cost for consumers. and help clients to apply for credit loans. TSP has created the value for clients of the practical application of technology in the financial industry. The conclusion of this case study summarized as follows.The fintech startups enter the credit loan market by provide another way for credit loan demanders to get information. Fintech has reduced the transaction costs of clients by playing a role as an intermediary, and leads to the disruptive innovation of credit loan market.參考文獻 英文文獻Abernathy, W. J., & Utterback, J. M. (1978). Patterns of industrial innovation. Technology Review, 80(7), 40–47.Arner, D. W., Barberis, J., & Buckley, R. P. (2015). The evolution of Fintech: A new post-crisis paradigm. Georgetown Journal of International Law, 47(4), 1271- 1319.Bansal, S. (2014). Perspective of technology in achieving financial inclusion in rural India. Procedia Economics and Finance, 11, 472–480.Benkler, Y. (2006). The wealth of networks: How social production transforms markets and freedom. Yale University Press.Christensen, C. (1997). The innovator’s dilemma. Harvard Business Review Press. Christensen, C., Baumann, H., Ruggles, R., & Sadtler, T. M. (2006). Disruptiveinnovation for social change. Harvard Business Review, 84(12), 94-101.Christensen, C. M., McDonald, R., Altman, E. J., & Palmer, J. E. (2018). Disruptive innovation: An intellectual history and directions for future research. Journal of Management Studies, 55(7), 1043-1078.Christensen, C., & Raynor, M. (2013). The innovator’s solution: Creating and sustaining successful growth. Harvard Business Review Press.Christensen, C., Raynor, M. E., & McDonald, R. (2015). What is disruptive innovation. Harvard Business Review, 93(12), 44–53.Chu, A. B. (2018). Mobile technology and financial inclusion. In Handbook of Blockchain, Digital Finance, and Inclusion, Volume 1 (pp.131–144). Academic Press.Coase, R. (1937). The nature of the firm. Economica, 4(16), 386–405.Coase, R. H. (1960). The problem of social cost. Journal of Law and Economics,3. 1-44.Customers International. (2017). Banking on the future :An exploration of fintech andthe consumer interest. In Finance and Development (Vol. 56, Issue 1).Heggland, H., & Nadav, O. (2019). Fintech firms and incumbent banks: competition or collaboration?: What factors impact how and why fintech firms and traditional banks decide the extent to collaborate with each other in the peer-to-peer lending sector in Norway? (Master’s thesis). University of Agder, Norway.IDC.(2018). Ready for open banking? Retrieved from https://www.finastra.com/sites/default/files/2018- 11/Open%20Banking%20Readiness%20Index.pdfJagtiani, J., & John, K. (2018). Fintech: The impact on consumers and regulatory responses. Journal of Economics and Business, 100, 1-6.KPMG.(2019). FINTECH 100-Leading Global Fintech Innovators Report 2019. Retrieved from https://assets.kpmg/content/dam/kpmg/tw/pdf/2019/11/tw-2019- fintech-100.pdfKoenitzer, M. (2015). Why fintech is here to say. Retrieved from https://www.weforum.org/agenda/2015/10/why-fintech-is-here-to-stay/Kohlbacher, F., & Hang, C. C. (2007). Disruptive innovations and the greying market.2007 IEEE International Conference on Industrial Engineering and Engineering Management, Singapore.Leong, K., & Sung, A. (2018). FinTech (Financial Technology): what is it and how to use technologies to create business value in fintech way? International Journal of Innovation, Management and Technology, 9(2), 74–78.Lin, C.-P., Lin, M.-Z., & Li, Y.-B. (2015). An empirical study on the effect of paternalistic leadership on employees’ voice behaviors–the intermediary role of psychological empowerment. Journal of Interdisciplinary Mathematics, 18(6), 789–810.Markides, C. (2006). Disruptive innovation: In need of better theory. Journal of Product Innovation Management, 23(1), 19–25.Nagy, D., Schuessler, J., & Dubinsky, A. (2016). Defining and identifying disruptive innovations. Industrial Marketing Management, 57, 119–126.Paap, J., & Katz, R. (2004). Anticipating disruptive innovation. Research-Technology Management, 47(5), 13–22.Premchand, A., & Choudhry, A. (2018). Open Banking & APIs for Transformation in Banking. 2018 International Conference on Communication, Computing and Internet of Things (IC3IoT), 25–29.Rajan, R. (2014). Financial Inclusion—Technology, Institutions, and Policies. Keynote Address at the National Association of Software and Services Companies India Leadership Forum. Mumbai, 12.Rindfleisch, A. (2019). Transaction cost theory: past, present and future. AMS Review, 1–13.Sarma, M. (2008). Index of financial inclusion. Working Paper, No. 215, Indian Council for Research on International Economic Relations (ICRIER), New Delhi.Schindler, J. W. (2017). FinTech and financial innovation: Drivers and depth. Finance and Economics Discussion Series 2017-081. Washington: Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System, https://doi.org/10.17016/FEDS.2017.081.Schueffel, P. (2016). Taming the beast: a scientific definition of fintech. Journal of Innovation Management, 4(4), 32–54.Temelkov, Z. (2018). Fintech firms opportunity or threat for banks? International Journal of Information, Business and Management, 10(1), 137–143.Williamson, O. (1985). The Economic Institutions of Capitalism. Journal of Economic.Williamson, Oliver. (1975). Markets and hierarchies. American Economic Review, 63(2), 316-325.Zachariadis, M., & Ozcan, P. (2017). The API economy and digital transformation in financial services: the case of open banking. Working Paper, No. 2016-001, SWIFT Institute.Zalan, T., & Toufaily, E. (2017). The promise of fintech in emerging markets: Not as disruptive. Contemporary Economics, 11(4), 415–431.Zavolokina, L., Dolata, M., & Schwabe, G. (2016). FinTech–What’s in a Name?. In Thirty Seventh International Conference on Information Systems, Dublin, Ireland.中文文獻AlphaLoan-實貸比較網。取自 https://www.alphaloan.co/。King, B. (2018)。Bank 4.0:金融常在，銀行不再?台灣:財團法人台灣金融研訓院。KPMG(2020) 《金融科技脈動》2020 上半年度報告。取自: https://home.kpmg/tw/zh/home/insights/2020/09/pulse-of-fintech-h1-20- aspac.html中央銀行(2019)。108年6月20日央行理監事會後記者會參考資料。孔方正(無日期)。質性研究。取自:https://www.pws.stu.edu.tw/fckung/file/QR.pdf王宏仁(2019)。【開放銀行特別報導】財金開放 API 平臺終於上路，23 家銀行與6家 TSP搶先布局，但下一階段才是更大的挑戰。iThome。取自: https://www.ithome.com.tw/news/133650王怡心(2019)。開放銀行催生新消費行為。會計研究月刊，(403)，12-14。安侯建業 KPMG(2017)。金融機構如何擁抱金融科技並發展成長。取自:https://assets.kpmg/content/dam/kpmg/tw/pdf/2018/07/tw-kpmg-global- fintech-study.pdf吳凱琳譯(2007)。創新的兩難(原作者:Clayton M. Christensen)。台北:商 周。李泓(2016)。[Meet 創業之星] 擔心貸款被拒?AlphaLoan 要做你和銀行之間的 信任溝通。數位時代。取自: https://www.bnext.com.tw/article/40860/alphaloan-provide-personal- assessment-connect-to-the-bank-loaning李芳齡、李田樹譯(2003)。創新者的解答(原作者:Clayton M. Christensen, Michael E. Raynor)。台北:天下雜誌。李若雯(2020)。別再亂加好友、亂讚粉絲頁!哪些 NG 行為，會讓銀行不借錢 給你。天下雜誌。取自:https://www.cw.com.tw/article/5099622?template=transformers 李靚慧(2019)。〈財經週報-API 平台〉金融數據共享 引爆 API 經濟大商機。自由時報，取自:https://ec.ltn.com.tw/article/paper/1334495林欣儀(2017)。AlphaLoan實貸比較網運用AI讓用戶找到最適合的信貸申請銀行。DIGITIMES。取自:https://www.digitimes.com.tw/iot/article.asp?cat=158&cat1=30&cat2=45&id= 0000500699_sdu5a6wplo5j5f80xggjx林金定、嚴嘉楓與陳美花(2005)。質性研究方法:訪談模式與實施步驟分析。身心障礙研究季刊，3(2)，122-136。信用貸款管理指南，取自:https://blog.alphaloan.co/紀宗利(2018)。我國 FinTech 發展之挑戰及因應策略。財金資訊季刊，93，1-7。翁禮祺(2020)。金融科技:基礎與應用。台北:雙葉書廊財金中心(2018)。看準用戶使用習慣，凱基銀行與四大知名貸款比價平台合作。風傳媒。取自:https://www.storm.mg/article/2920382財金資訊股份有限公司。取自:https://www.fisc.com.tw/財團法人金融聯合徵信中心。取自:https://www.jcic.org.tw/main_ch/index.aspx萬文隆(2004)。深度訪談在質性研究中的應用。生活科技教育月刊。37(4)，17-23。董乙璇(2019)。「開放 API 平台上線啟動記者會」活動紀實。財金資訊季刊，96，45-48。 描述 碩士
國立政治大學
科技管理與智慧財產研究所
107364116資料來源 http://thesis.lib.nccu.edu.tw/record/#G0107364116 資料類型 thesis dc.contributor.advisor 鄭至甫 zh_TW dc.contributor.author (Authors) 林榆庭 zh_TW dc.contributor.author (Authors) Lin, Yu-Ting en_US dc.creator (作者) 林榆庭 zh_TW dc.creator (作者) Lin, Yu-Ting en_US dc.date (日期) 2020 en_US dc.date.accessioned 1-Dec-2020 15:03:19 (UTC+8) - dc.date.available 1-Dec-2020 15:03:19 (UTC+8) - dc.date.issued (上傳時間) 1-Dec-2020 15:03:19 (UTC+8) - dc.identifier (Other Identifiers) G0107364116 en_US dc.identifier.uri (URI) http://nccur.lib.nccu.edu.tw/handle/140.119/132902 - dc.description (描述) 碩士 zh_TW dc.description (描述) 國立政治大學 zh_TW dc.description (描述) 科技管理與智慧財產研究所 zh_TW dc.description (描述) 107364116 zh_TW dc.description.abstract (摘要) 金融科技公司雖仍無法在台灣經營金融特許業務，但非特許業務如支付、貸款等已經開始面臨市場瓜分的危機。傳統金融機構為了避免客戶流失與鞏固業務經營，透過開放 API 與金融科技新創公司合作，打造新型態的金融商品和服務。隨著信用貸款需求日漸攀升，如何藉由金融科技消除資訊不對稱，讓借貸雙方都能降低交易成本，使過去無法取得信用貸款的消費者得以享受信用貸款服務，成為一個值得探討的問題。基於上述現象，本研究採用質性研究法中的個案研究法與半結構式訪談法，以開放銀行第一階段參與者中的第三方服務業者(Third-Party Service Providers，TSP)新愛世科技股份有限公司作為研究對象，探討其產品實貸比較網(AlphaLoan)如何改變信用貸款市場的生態。本研究結合交易成本理論和破壞式創新理論，探討科技如何減少消費者取得銀行資訊的交易成本進而使消費者成功申請信用貸款，並從個案了解科技在金融領域的實務應用及為消費者提供的服務價值。研究結果發現 TSP 業者藉由增加消費者的資訊取得管道而成為信用貸款市場的參與者，扮演中介者的角色以降低消費者和銀行之間的交易成本，交易成本的降低有助於信用貸款市場產生破壞式創新。 zh_TW dc.description.abstract (摘要) The fintech companies are still unable to run some of the financial business in Taiwan, but the financial institution start losing clients in payment and loan business. In order to avoid losing clients, the financial institution such as banks began to collaborate with fintech startups for new types of financial products or services. With the increasing demand of credit loan, It is an important topic that how to reduce information asymmetry and transaction costs.Based on these phenomenon, this research employed qualitative research method with case study and semi-structured interview with AlphaLoan, who participated in the step 1 of the Open Banking, to figure out how the ecosystem of credit loan market changes. By transaction cost theory and disruptive innovation theory, this research explore how technology reduce the transaction cost for consumers. and help clients to apply for credit loans. TSP has created the value for clients of the practical application of technology in the financial industry. The conclusion of this case study summarized as follows.The fintech startups enter the credit loan market by provide another way for credit loan demanders to get information. Fintech has reduced the transaction costs of clients by playing a role as an intermediary, and leads to the disruptive innovation of credit loan market. en_US dc.description.tableofcontents 第一章 緒論 1第一節 研究背景 1第二節 研究動機 3第三節 研究問題 4第四節 研究架構 4第二章 文獻回顧 6第一節 金融科技 6一、金融科技的定義 6二、金融科技的演進 8三、金融科技對金融業的影響 9第二節 市場現況 12一、開放銀行 12二、信用貸款 14第三節 破壞式創新 17一、破壞式創新理論的源起 17二、破壞式創新理論的沿革 20三、破壞式創新和金融科技的鏈結-普惠金融 23第四節 交易成本理論 25一、交易成本理論的源起 25二、交易成本理論的沿革 26第三章 研究方法 29第一節 質性研究法 29第二節 個案選擇 31第三節研究架構 33第四章 個案分析 35第一節 個案介紹 35第二節 研究分析 37一、參與開放 API 平台的好處 37二、AlphaLoan 帶來的服務流程轉變 41三、協助消費者取得貸款的過程 46第五章 結論與建議 50第一節 研究發現 50第二節 研究結論 58第三節 研究限制與建議 60參考文獻 63一、英文文獻 63二、中文文獻 67 zh_TW dc.format.extent 2052324 bytes - dc.format.mimetype application/pdf - dc.source.uri (資料來源) http://thesis.lib.nccu.edu.tw/record/#G0107364116 en_US dc.subject (關鍵詞) 金融科技 zh_TW dc.subject (關鍵詞) 信用貸款 zh_TW dc.subject (關鍵詞) 開放銀行 zh_TW dc.subject (關鍵詞) 交易成本 zh_TW dc.subject (關鍵詞) 破壞式創新 zh_TW dc.subject (關鍵詞) Fintech en_US dc.subject (關鍵詞) Credit loan en_US dc.subject (關鍵詞) Open banking en_US dc.subject (關鍵詞) Transaction cost en_US dc.subject (關鍵詞) Disruptive innovation en_US dc.title (題名) 金融科技的破壞式創新─以AlphaLoan信用貸款為個案研究 zh_TW dc.title (題名) The Disruptive Innovation of Fintech – A Case Study of AlphaLoan on Credit Loan en_US dc.type (資料類型) thesis en_US dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 英文文獻Abernathy, W. J., & Utterback, J. M. (1978). Patterns of industrial innovation. Technology Review, 80(7), 40–47.Arner, D. W., Barberis, J., & Buckley, R. P. (2015). The evolution of Fintech: A new post-crisis paradigm. Georgetown Journal of International Law, 47(4), 1271- 1319.Bansal, S. (2014). Perspective of technology in achieving financial inclusion in rural India. Procedia Economics and Finance, 11, 472–480.Benkler, Y. (2006). The wealth of networks: How social production transforms markets and freedom. Yale University Press.Christensen, C. (1997). The innovator’s dilemma. Harvard Business Review Press. Christensen, C., Baumann, H., Ruggles, R., & Sadtler, T. M. (2006). Disruptiveinnovation for social change. Harvard Business Review, 84(12), 94-101.Christensen, C. M., McDonald, R., Altman, E. J., & Palmer, J. E. (2018). Disruptive innovation: An intellectual history and directions for future research. Journal of Management Studies, 55(7), 1043-1078.Christensen, C., & Raynor, M. (2013). The innovator’s solution: Creating and sustaining successful growth. Harvard Business Review Press.Christensen, C., Raynor, M. E., & McDonald, R. (2015). What is disruptive innovation. Harvard Business Review, 93(12), 44–53.Chu, A. B. (2018). Mobile technology and financial inclusion. In Handbook of Blockchain, Digital Finance, and Inclusion, Volume 1 (pp.131–144). Academic Press.Coase, R. (1937). The nature of the firm. Economica, 4(16), 386–405.Coase, R. H. (1960). The problem of social cost. Journal of Law and Economics,3. 1-44.Customers International. (2017). Banking on the future :An exploration of fintech andthe consumer interest. In Finance and Development (Vol. 56, Issue 1).Heggland, H., & Nadav, O. (2019). Fintech firms and incumbent banks: competition or collaboration?: What factors impact how and why fintech firms and traditional banks decide the extent to collaborate with each other in the peer-to-peer lending sector in Norway? (Master’s thesis). University of Agder, Norway.IDC.(2018). Ready for open banking? Retrieved from https://www.finastra.com/sites/default/files/2018- 11/Open%20Banking%20Readiness%20Index.pdfJagtiani, J., & John, K. (2018). Fintech: The impact on consumers and regulatory responses. Journal of Economics and Business, 100, 1-6.KPMG.(2019). FINTECH 100-Leading Global Fintech Innovators Report 2019. Retrieved from https://assets.kpmg/content/dam/kpmg/tw/pdf/2019/11/tw-2019- fintech-100.pdfKoenitzer, M. (2015). Why fintech is here to say. Retrieved from https://www.weforum.org/agenda/2015/10/why-fintech-is-here-to-stay/Kohlbacher, F., & Hang, C. C. (2007). Disruptive innovations and the greying market.2007 IEEE International Conference on Industrial Engineering and Engineering Management, Singapore.Leong, K., & Sung, A. (2018). FinTech (Financial Technology): what is it and how to use technologies to create business value in fintech way? International Journal of Innovation, Management and Technology, 9(2), 74–78.Lin, C.-P., Lin, M.-Z., & Li, Y.-B. (2015). An empirical study on the effect of paternalistic leadership on employees’ voice behaviors–the intermediary role of psychological empowerment. Journal of Interdisciplinary Mathematics, 18(6), 789–810.Markides, C. (2006). Disruptive innovation: In need of better theory. Journal of Product Innovation Management, 23(1), 19–25.Nagy, D., Schuessler, J., & Dubinsky, A. (2016). Defining and identifying disruptive innovations. Industrial Marketing Management, 57, 119–126.Paap, J., & Katz, R. (2004). Anticipating disruptive innovation. Research-Technology Management, 47(5), 13–22.Premchand, A., & Choudhry, A. (2018). Open Banking & APIs for Transformation in Banking. 2018 International Conference on Communication, Computing and Internet of Things (IC3IoT), 25–29.Rajan, R. (2014). Financial Inclusion—Technology, Institutions, and Policies. 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American Economic Review, 63(2), 316-325.Zachariadis, M., & Ozcan, P. (2017). The API economy and digital transformation in financial services: the case of open banking. Working Paper, No. 2016-001, SWIFT Institute.Zalan, T., & Toufaily, E. (2017). The promise of fintech in emerging markets: Not as disruptive. Contemporary Economics, 11(4), 415–431.Zavolokina, L., Dolata, M., & Schwabe, G. (2016). FinTech–What’s in a Name?. In Thirty Seventh International Conference on Information Systems, Dublin, Ireland.中文文獻AlphaLoan-實貸比較網。取自 https://www.alphaloan.co/。King, B. 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