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題名 新冠肺炎對台灣貨運承攬運送產業影響之個案分析
A Case Study on the Impact of COVID-19 on the Freight Forwarding Industry of Taiwan
作者 曾紹烜
Tseng, Shao-Hsuan
貢獻者 蔡政憲
Tsai, Jason
曾紹烜
Tseng, Shao-Hsuan
關鍵詞 貨運承攬業
新冠肺炎
策略
Freight forwarder
COVID-19
Strategy
日期 2020
上傳時間 1-二月-2021 14:06:07 (UTC+8)
摘要 The pandemic of COVID-19 has been a black swan, which has disrupted the global supply chain and affected the global economy significantly. Freight forwarding industry has been one of victims in this chaos which more threats have been possessed to the industry, resulting even more intense competition and rivalry between established freight forwarders. This has caused a significant negative impact on individual freight forwarder’s growth and profitability.
This case study aimed to use X Company as an example to investigate the impact of COVID-19 on the freight forwarding industry and possible resilience strategy that could be pursued by individual freight forwarder to overcome the chaos in supply chain disruption in order to maintain one’s operation and sustain one’s competitive advantage over its rivals. The six forces model and SWOT analysis were conducted to examine the freight forwarding industry X Company operating in and assess X Company’s position within the industry, respectively.
The results showed there were changes in the industry environment and X Company’s position within the industry before and after the impact of COVID-19. These results suggested possible functional-, business-, and corporate-level strategies that X Company and other freight forwarders could pursue to enable them to stay competitive in the industry and respond to the changes in industry environment and customer needs under the impact of COVID-19. In that way, individual freight forwarder would be able to keep deliver superior performance and boost its profitability and profit growth further in order to sustain its competitive advantage over its rivals during the pandemic of COVID-19.
參考文獻 Allied Market Research. (2020) Freight forwarding Market by Service (Packaging, Documentation, Transportation & warehousing and VAS (Value-added services) - Global Opportunity Analysis and Industry Forecast 2020-2027 [Online]. Available at: https://www.alliedmarketresearch.com/freight-forwarding-market (Accessed: 21 August 2020).
Alphaliner. (2020) TOP 100 [Online]. Available at: https://alphaliner.axsmarine.com/PublicTop100/ (Accessed: 21 August 2020).
Ataoglu, A. (2015) The Fundamental Roles of Freight Forwarder in the Execution of International Logistics [Online]. Available at: https://www.researchgate.net/publication/282769867_The_Fundamental_Roles_of_Freight_Forwarder_in_the_Execution_of_International_Logistics (Accessed: 21 August 2020).
Azpire Trading. (2016) INCOTERMS: Explanation of the Basic Terms used in International Trade [Online]. Available at: https://www.slideshare.net/azpiretrading/payment-incoterms-international-trade (Accessed: 21 August 2020).
Berti, A. (2020a) The impact of Covid-19 on global shipping: part 1, system shock [Online]. Ship Technology. Available at: https://www.ship-technology.com/features/impact-of-covid-19-on-shipping/ (Accessed: 21 August 2020).
Berti, A. (2020b) The impact of Covid-19 on the global shipping sector [Online]: part 2, silver linings. Ship Technology. Available at: https://www.ship-technology.com/features/impact-of-coronavirus-on-shipping/ (Accessed: 21 August 2020).
Beškovnik, B. (2016) Structural changes in the container liner shipping influencing shipping agent’s role [Online]. Available at: https://www.researchgate.net/publication/316686345_Structural_changes_in_the_container_liner_shipping_influencing_shipping_agent%27s_role (Accessed: 26 October 2020).
The British International Freight Association (BIFA). (2019) GLOBAL FREIGHT FORWARDING MARKET FORECAST TO GROW AT A CAGR OF 4% TO 4.5% UNTIL 2020 [Online]. Available at: https://www.bifa.org/news/articles/2019/may/global-freight-forwarding-market-forecast-to-grow-at-a-cagr-of-4-to-45-until-2020 (Accessed: 21 August 2020).
Boeing. (2018) Air cargo volumes growing amid international trade surge [Online]. Available at: https://www.boeing.com/commercial/market/cargo-forecast/ (Accessed: 21 August 2020).
Bureau of Foreign Trade. (2020) Trade Value [Online]. Available at: https://cuswebo.trade.gov.tw/FSC3030F/FSC3030F (Accessed: 21 August 2020).
Comtois, C. and Slack, B. (2019) Ship Turnaround Times in Port: Comparative Analysis of Ocean Container Carriers [Online]. Available at: https://globalmaritimehub.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/10/CIRRELT-2019-20.pdf (Accessed: 26 October 2020).
Condon, J., Gailus, S., Neuhaus, F. and Peña-Alcaraz, M. (2020) Global freight flows after COVID-19: What`s next? [Online]. Available at: https://www.mckinsey.com/industries/travel-logistics-and-transport-infrastructure/our-insights/global-freight-flows-after-covid-19-whats-next (Accessed: 26 October 2020).
DHL Global Forwarding. (2020) Ocean freight market update [Online]. Available at: https://www.dhl.com/content/dam/dhl/global/dhl-global-forwarding/documents/pdf/glo-dgf-ocean-market-update.pdf (Accessed: 21 August 2020).
Duffin, E. (2020) Global container shipping throughput 2016-2020 [Online]. Available at: https://www.statista.com/statistics/1032213/global-growth-container-shipping/ (Accessed: 27 August 2020).
European Maritime Safety Agency. (2020) COVID-19 impact on shipping - 25 September [Online]. Available at: http://emsa.europa.eu/news-a-press-centre/covid19-impact/download/6448/4002/23.html (Accessed: 27 August 2020).
FIATA. (2004) What is freight forwarding? What do forwarders do? [Online]. Available at: https://fiata.com/resources/faq.html (Accessed: 21 August 2020).
Harry, R. (2020) IATA: Air cargo sector must act now to overcome the challenges of vaccine distribution [Online]. Available at: https://www.aircargonews.net/airlines/iata/iata-act-now-to-overcome-the-challenges-of-vaccine-distribution/ (Accessed: 27 August 2020).
IATA. (2020a) Economic Performance of the Airline Industry [Online]. Available at: https://www.iata.org/en/iata-repository/publications/economic-reports/airline-industry-economic-performance-june-2020-report/ (Accessed: 26 October 2020).
IATA. (2020b) Air Cargo Market Analysis July 2020 [Online]. Available at: https://www.iata.org/en/iata-repository/publications/economic-reports/air-freight-monthly-analysis-july-2020/ (Accessed: 26 October 2020).
IATA. (2020c) E-AWB Basics [Online]. Available at: https://www.google.com.tw/url?sa=i&url=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.iata.org%2Fcontentassets%2Fb559d10aeb734d5196332b4953dcf312%2Fe-awb-sop-ist.pdf&psig=AOvVaw2dzWUXLJ5P746cuJbELHa2&ust=1603886363040000&source=images&cd=vfe&ved=2ahUKEwj68Nm43NTsAhUiEqYKHe4sAQ8Qr4kDegUIARCjAQ (Accessed: 27 August 2020).
International Ocean Freight Forwarders & Logistics Association, Taiwan (IOFFLAT). (2020) Total number of registered freight forwarders in Taiwan [Online]. Available at: http://www.iofflat.com.tw/ming/ (Accessed: 21 August 2020).
Knowler, G. (2020a) Container shipping on track for $9 billion annual profit: analyst [Online]. Available at: https://www.joc.com/maritime-news/container-shipping-track-9-billion-annual-profit-analyst_20200622.html (Accessed: 26 October 2020).
Knowler, G. (2020b) Alliances outline extensive blank sailings for Q3 [Online]. Available at: https://www.joc.com/maritime-news/alliances-outline-extensive-blank-sailings-q3_20200603.html (Accessed: 1 November 2020).
Millar, M. (2018) Global freight forwarding: Overview of the global forwarding sector and its impact on globalization [Online]. Available at: http://www.aargusglobal.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/02/Focused-Whitepaper-Global-Freight-Forwarding.pdf (Accessed: 26 October 2020).
Ministry of Economic Affairs, R.O.C. (2020) 公司與商業登記前應經許可業務暨項目總表 [Online]. Available at: https://www.google.com.tw/url?sa=t&rct=j&q=&esrc=s&source=web&cd=&cad=rja&uact=8&ved=2ahUKEwiN2IqMqNfsAhWxGKYKHZ5TD8kQFjAAegQIBRAC&url=https%3A%2F%2Fgcis.nat.gov.tw%2FmainNew%2FmatterAction.do%3Fmethod%3DshowFile%26fileNo%3Dt70025_p&usg=AOvVaw0rUTqfPYrv66VAw9nejAkd (Accessed: 27 August 2020).
Mordor Intelligence. (2020a) FREIGHT FORWARDING MARKET - GROWTH, TRENDS, AND FORECASTS (2020 - 2025) [Online]. Available at: https://www.mordorintelligence.com/industry-reports/freight-forwarding-market (Accessed: 21 August 2020).
Mordor Intelligence. (2020b) AIR FREIGHT INDUSTRY- GROWTH, TRENDS, AND FORECAST (2020 - 2025) [Online]. Available at: https://www.mordorintelligence.com/industry-reports/global-airfreight-market-industry (Accessed: 26 October 2020).
Neame, C. (2020) THE CORONAVIRUS AND FREIGHT FORWARDING [Online]. Available at: https://www.hfw.com/The-coronavirus-and-freight-forwarding-March-2020 (Accessed: 26 October 2020).
Pearce, B. (2020) COVID-19. Air cargo markets [Online]. Available at: https://www.iata.org/en/iata-repository/publications/economic-reports/air-cargo-markets-july-update/ (Accessed: 26 October 2020).
Sarker, S M Abu Nayem. (2017) Freight Forwarding Industry: Function, Economic Role and Future Market in Bangladesh [Online]. Available at: https://www.researchgate.net/publication/333172898_Freight_Forwarding_Industry_Function_Economic_Role_and_Future_Market_in_Bangladesh (Accessed: 21 August 2020).
Swinburne, T. (2020) 4 Tips to Improve Your Freight Forwarder Sales During COVID-19 [Online]. Available at: https://www.bluextrade.com/blog/4-tips-to-improve-your-freight-forwarder-sales-during-covid-19/ (Accessed: 26 October 2020).
Twinn, I., Qureshi, N., Conde, M., Guinea, C., Luo, Jiayuan. And Gupta, H. (2020) The Impact of COVID-19 on Logistics [Online]. Available at: https://www.ifc.org/wps/wcm/connect/industry_ext_content/ifc_external_corporate_site/infrastructure/resources/the+impact+of+covid-19+on+logistics (Accessed: 26 October 2020).
Valuates Reports. (2020) Freight Forwarding Market Size is Projected To Reach USD 207 Billion By 2026 [Online]. Available at: https://www.prnewswire.com/news-releases/freight-forwarding-market-size-is-projected-to-reach-usd-207-billion-by-2026---valuates-reports-301103062.html (Accessed: 21 August 2020).
Wood, L. (2020) Worldwide Air Transport Markets to 2030 - COVID-19 Impact and Recovery Assessment [Online]. Available at: https://www.prnewswire.com/news-releases/worldwide-air-transport-markets-to-2030---covid-19-impact-and-recovery-assessment-301082742.html (Accessed: 27 August 2020).
WTO. (2020) Second Quarter 2020 Merchandise Trade [Online]. Available at: https://www.wto.org/english/res_e/statis_e/daily_update_e/merch_latest.pdf (Accessed: 21 August 2020).
xChange Solutions. (2019) Shipping Alliances: 2M, Ocean Alliance & THE Alliance [Online]. Available at: https://container-xchange.com/blog/shipping-alliances/ (Accessed: 26 October 2020).
描述 碩士
國立政治大學
國際經營管理英語碩士學位學程(IMBA)
107933012
資料來源 http://thesis.lib.nccu.edu.tw/record/#G0107933012
資料類型 thesis
dc.contributor.advisor 蔡政憲zh_TW
dc.contributor.advisor Tsai, Jasonen_US
dc.contributor.author (作者) 曾紹烜zh_TW
dc.contributor.author (作者) Tseng, Shao-Hsuanen_US
dc.creator (作者) 曾紹烜zh_TW
dc.creator (作者) Tseng, Shao-Hsuanen_US
dc.date (日期) 2020en_US
dc.date.accessioned 1-二月-2021 14:06:07 (UTC+8)-
dc.date.available 1-二月-2021 14:06:07 (UTC+8)-
dc.date.issued (上傳時間) 1-二月-2021 14:06:07 (UTC+8)-
dc.identifier (其他 識別碼) G0107933012en_US
dc.identifier.uri (URI) http://nccur.lib.nccu.edu.tw/handle/140.119/133874-
dc.description (描述) 碩士zh_TW
dc.description (描述) 國立政治大學zh_TW
dc.description (描述) 國際經營管理英語碩士學位學程(IMBA)zh_TW
dc.description (描述) 107933012zh_TW
dc.description.abstract (摘要) The pandemic of COVID-19 has been a black swan, which has disrupted the global supply chain and affected the global economy significantly. Freight forwarding industry has been one of victims in this chaos which more threats have been possessed to the industry, resulting even more intense competition and rivalry between established freight forwarders. This has caused a significant negative impact on individual freight forwarder’s growth and profitability.
This case study aimed to use X Company as an example to investigate the impact of COVID-19 on the freight forwarding industry and possible resilience strategy that could be pursued by individual freight forwarder to overcome the chaos in supply chain disruption in order to maintain one’s operation and sustain one’s competitive advantage over its rivals. The six forces model and SWOT analysis were conducted to examine the freight forwarding industry X Company operating in and assess X Company’s position within the industry, respectively.
The results showed there were changes in the industry environment and X Company’s position within the industry before and after the impact of COVID-19. These results suggested possible functional-, business-, and corporate-level strategies that X Company and other freight forwarders could pursue to enable them to stay competitive in the industry and respond to the changes in industry environment and customer needs under the impact of COVID-19. In that way, individual freight forwarder would be able to keep deliver superior performance and boost its profitability and profit growth further in order to sustain its competitive advantage over its rivals during the pandemic of COVID-19.		en_US
dc.description.tableofcontents TABLE OF CONTENTS
1. Introduction 1
1.1. Definition of freight forwarding industry 1
1.2. Research problem 1
1.3. Research purpose 3
1.4. Research methodology 3
1.5. Research framework 5
2. Supply Chain Logistics Overview 6
2.1. Importance of logistics in global supply chain and international trade 6
2.2. Introduction of global supply chain 7
2.2.1. Global freight forwarding industry 8
2.2.2. Global shipping line industry 11
2.2.3. Global airline industry 13
2.3. Taiwan’s freight forwarding industry 15
3. X Company Overview 19
3.1. Introduction of X Company 19
3.2. Service offerings 20
3.3. Organizational structure 20
3.4. Business canvas 22
4. Supply Chain Logistics Disruption by COVID-19 29
4.1. Impact on shipping line industry 29
4.2. Impact on airline industry 33
4.3. Impact on freight forwarding industry – X Company 35
5. Methodology 37
5.1. Six forces model 37
5.1.1. Industry analysis before the impact of COVID-19 37
5.1.1.1. Risk of entry by potential competitors 37
5.1.1.2. Rivalry among established companies 42
5.1.1.3. The bargaining power of buyers 46
5.1.1.4. The bargaining power of suppliers 47
5.1.1.5. Substitute products 48
5.1.1.6. Complementors 48
5.1.2. Industry analysis after the impact of COVID-19 49
5.1.2.1. Risk of entry by potential competitors 49
5.1.2.2. Rivalry among established companies 52
5.1.2.3. The bargaining power of buyers 54
5.1.2.4. The bargaining power of suppliers 55
5.1.2.5. Substitute products 56
5.1.2.6. Complementors 56
5.2. SWOT analysis 57
5.2.1. SWOT analysis on X Company before the impact of COVID-19 57
5.2.1.1. Strengths 58
5.2.1.2. Weaknesses 60
5.2.1.3. Opportunities 60
5.2.1.4. Threats 61
5.2.2. SWOT analysis on X Company after the impact of COVID-19 61
5.2.2.1. Strengths 62
5.2.2.2. Weaknesses 62
5.2.2.3. Opportunities 62
5.2.2.4. Threats 63
6. Results 65
6.1. Results from six forces model 65
6.2. Results from SWOT analysis 67
7. Recommendations 70
7.1. Functional-level strategy 70
7.2. Business-level strategy 76
7.3. Corporate-level strategy 78
8. Conclusion 79
9. References 81		zh_TW
dc.source.uri (資料來源) http://thesis.lib.nccu.edu.tw/record/#G0107933012en_US
dc.subject (關鍵詞) 貨運承攬業zh_TW
dc.subject (關鍵詞) 新冠肺炎zh_TW
dc.subject (關鍵詞) 策略zh_TW
dc.subject (關鍵詞) Freight forwarderen_US
dc.subject (關鍵詞) COVID-19en_US
dc.subject (關鍵詞) Strategyen_US
dc.title (題名) 新冠肺炎對台灣貨運承攬運送產業影響之個案分析zh_TW
dc.title (題名) A Case Study on the Impact of COVID-19 on the Freight Forwarding Industry of Taiwanen_US
dc.type (資料類型) thesisen_US
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Allied Market Research. (2020) Freight forwarding Market by Service (Packaging, Documentation, Transportation & warehousing and VAS (Value-added services) - Global Opportunity Analysis and Industry Forecast 2020-2027 [Online]. Available at: https://www.alliedmarketresearch.com/freight-forwarding-market (Accessed: 21 August 2020).
Alphaliner. (2020) TOP 100 [Online]. Available at: https://alphaliner.axsmarine.com/PublicTop100/ (Accessed: 21 August 2020).
Ataoglu, A. (2015) The Fundamental Roles of Freight Forwarder in the Execution of International Logistics [Online]. Available at: https://www.researchgate.net/publication/282769867_The_Fundamental_Roles_of_Freight_Forwarder_in_the_Execution_of_International_Logistics (Accessed: 21 August 2020).
Azpire Trading. (2016) INCOTERMS: Explanation of the Basic Terms used in International Trade [Online]. Available at: https://www.slideshare.net/azpiretrading/payment-incoterms-international-trade (Accessed: 21 August 2020).
Berti, A. (2020a) The impact of Covid-19 on global shipping: part 1, system shock [Online]. Ship Technology. Available at: https://www.ship-technology.com/features/impact-of-covid-19-on-shipping/ (Accessed: 21 August 2020).
Berti, A. (2020b) The impact of Covid-19 on the global shipping sector [Online]: part 2, silver linings. Ship Technology. Available at: https://www.ship-technology.com/features/impact-of-coronavirus-on-shipping/ (Accessed: 21 August 2020).
Beškovnik, B. (2016) Structural changes in the container liner shipping influencing shipping agent’s role [Online]. Available at: https://www.researchgate.net/publication/316686345_Structural_changes_in_the_container_liner_shipping_influencing_shipping_agent%27s_role (Accessed: 26 October 2020).
The British International Freight Association (BIFA). (2019) GLOBAL FREIGHT FORWARDING MARKET FORECAST TO GROW AT A CAGR OF 4% TO 4.5% UNTIL 2020 [Online]. Available at: https://www.bifa.org/news/articles/2019/may/global-freight-forwarding-market-forecast-to-grow-at-a-cagr-of-4-to-45-until-2020 (Accessed: 21 August 2020).
Boeing. (2018) Air cargo volumes growing amid international trade surge [Online]. Available at: https://www.boeing.com/commercial/market/cargo-forecast/ (Accessed: 21 August 2020).
Bureau of Foreign Trade. (2020) Trade Value [Online]. Available at: https://cuswebo.trade.gov.tw/FSC3030F/FSC3030F (Accessed: 21 August 2020).
Comtois, C. and Slack, B. (2019) Ship Turnaround Times in Port: Comparative Analysis of Ocean Container Carriers [Online]. Available at: https://globalmaritimehub.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/10/CIRRELT-2019-20.pdf (Accessed: 26 October 2020).
Condon, J., Gailus, S., Neuhaus, F. and Peña-Alcaraz, M. (2020) Global freight flows after COVID-19: What`s next? [Online]. Available at: https://www.mckinsey.com/industries/travel-logistics-and-transport-infrastructure/our-insights/global-freight-flows-after-covid-19-whats-next (Accessed: 26 October 2020).
DHL Global Forwarding. (2020) Ocean freight market update [Online]. Available at: https://www.dhl.com/content/dam/dhl/global/dhl-global-forwarding/documents/pdf/glo-dgf-ocean-market-update.pdf (Accessed: 21 August 2020).
Duffin, E. (2020) Global container shipping throughput 2016-2020 [Online]. Available at: https://www.statista.com/statistics/1032213/global-growth-container-shipping/ (Accessed: 27 August 2020).
European Maritime Safety Agency. (2020) COVID-19 impact on shipping - 25 September [Online]. Available at: http://emsa.europa.eu/news-a-press-centre/covid19-impact/download/6448/4002/23.html (Accessed: 27 August 2020).
FIATA. (2004) What is freight forwarding? What do forwarders do? [Online]. Available at: https://fiata.com/resources/faq.html (Accessed: 21 August 2020).
Harry, R. (2020) IATA: Air cargo sector must act now to overcome the challenges of vaccine distribution [Online]. Available at: https://www.aircargonews.net/airlines/iata/iata-act-now-to-overcome-the-challenges-of-vaccine-distribution/ (Accessed: 27 August 2020).
IATA. (2020a) Economic Performance of the Airline Industry [Online]. Available at: https://www.iata.org/en/iata-repository/publications/economic-reports/airline-industry-economic-performance-june-2020-report/ (Accessed: 26 October 2020).
IATA. (2020b) Air Cargo Market Analysis July 2020 [Online]. Available at: https://www.iata.org/en/iata-repository/publications/economic-reports/air-freight-monthly-analysis-july-2020/ (Accessed: 26 October 2020).
IATA. (2020c) E-AWB Basics [Online]. Available at: https://www.google.com.tw/url?sa=i&url=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.iata.org%2Fcontentassets%2Fb559d10aeb734d5196332b4953dcf312%2Fe-awb-sop-ist.pdf&psig=AOvVaw2dzWUXLJ5P746cuJbELHa2&ust=1603886363040000&source=images&cd=vfe&ved=2ahUKEwj68Nm43NTsAhUiEqYKHe4sAQ8Qr4kDegUIARCjAQ (Accessed: 27 August 2020).
International Ocean Freight Forwarders & Logistics Association, Taiwan (IOFFLAT). (2020) Total number of registered freight forwarders in Taiwan [Online]. Available at: http://www.iofflat.com.tw/ming/ (Accessed: 21 August 2020).
Knowler, G. (2020a) Container shipping on track for $9 billion annual profit: analyst [Online]. Available at: https://www.joc.com/maritime-news/container-shipping-track-9-billion-annual-profit-analyst_20200622.html (Accessed: 26 October 2020).
Knowler, G. (2020b) Alliances outline extensive blank sailings for Q3 [Online]. Available at: https://www.joc.com/maritime-news/alliances-outline-extensive-blank-sailings-q3_20200603.html (Accessed: 1 November 2020).
Millar, M. (2018) Global freight forwarding: Overview of the global forwarding sector and its impact on globalization [Online]. Available at: http://www.aargusglobal.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/02/Focused-Whitepaper-Global-Freight-Forwarding.pdf (Accessed: 26 October 2020).
Ministry of Economic Affairs, R.O.C. (2020) 公司與商業登記前應經許可業務暨項目總表 [Online]. Available at: https://www.google.com.tw/url?sa=t&rct=j&q=&esrc=s&source=web&cd=&cad=rja&uact=8&ved=2ahUKEwiN2IqMqNfsAhWxGKYKHZ5TD8kQFjAAegQIBRAC&url=https%3A%2F%2Fgcis.nat.gov.tw%2FmainNew%2FmatterAction.do%3Fmethod%3DshowFile%26fileNo%3Dt70025_p&usg=AOvVaw0rUTqfPYrv66VAw9nejAkd (Accessed: 27 August 2020).
Mordor Intelligence. (2020a) FREIGHT FORWARDING MARKET - GROWTH, TRENDS, AND FORECASTS (2020 - 2025) [Online]. Available at: https://www.mordorintelligence.com/industry-reports/freight-forwarding-market (Accessed: 21 August 2020).
Mordor Intelligence. (2020b) AIR FREIGHT INDUSTRY- GROWTH, TRENDS, AND FORECAST (2020 - 2025) [Online]. Available at: https://www.mordorintelligence.com/industry-reports/global-airfreight-market-industry (Accessed: 26 October 2020).
Neame, C. (2020) THE CORONAVIRUS AND FREIGHT FORWARDING [Online]. Available at: https://www.hfw.com/The-coronavirus-and-freight-forwarding-March-2020 (Accessed: 26 October 2020).
Pearce, B. (2020) COVID-19. Air cargo markets [Online]. Available at: https://www.iata.org/en/iata-repository/publications/economic-reports/air-cargo-markets-july-update/ (Accessed: 26 October 2020).
Sarker, S M Abu Nayem. (2017) Freight Forwarding Industry: Function, Economic Role and Future Market in Bangladesh [Online]. Available at: https://www.researchgate.net/publication/333172898_Freight_Forwarding_Industry_Function_Economic_Role_and_Future_Market_in_Bangladesh (Accessed: 21 August 2020).
Swinburne, T. (2020) 4 Tips to Improve Your Freight Forwarder Sales During COVID-19 [Online]. Available at: https://www.bluextrade.com/blog/4-tips-to-improve-your-freight-forwarder-sales-during-covid-19/ (Accessed: 26 October 2020).
Twinn, I., Qureshi, N., Conde, M., Guinea, C., Luo, Jiayuan. And Gupta, H. (2020) The Impact of COVID-19 on Logistics [Online]. Available at: https://www.ifc.org/wps/wcm/connect/industry_ext_content/ifc_external_corporate_site/infrastructure/resources/the+impact+of+covid-19+on+logistics (Accessed: 26 October 2020).
Valuates Reports. (2020) Freight Forwarding Market Size is Projected To Reach USD 207 Billion By 2026 [Online]. Available at: https://www.prnewswire.com/news-releases/freight-forwarding-market-size-is-projected-to-reach-usd-207-billion-by-2026---valuates-reports-301103062.html (Accessed: 21 August 2020).
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dc.identifier.doi (DOI) 10.6814/NCCU202100007en_US