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題名 新冠肺炎對台灣貨運承攬運送產業影響之個案分析
A Case Study on the Impact of COVID-19 on the Freight Forwarding Industry of Taiwan作者 曾紹烜
Tseng, Shao-Hsuan貢獻者 蔡政憲
Tsai, Jason
曾紹烜
Tseng, Shao-Hsuan關鍵詞 貨運承攬業
新冠肺炎
策略
Freight forwarder
COVID-19
Strategy日期 2020 上傳時間 1-Feb-2021 14:06:07 (UTC+8) 摘要 The pandemic of COVID-19 has been a black swan, which has disrupted the global supply chain and affected the global economy significantly. Freight forwarding industry has been one of victims in this chaos which more threats have been possessed to the industry, resulting even more intense competition and rivalry between established freight forwarders. This has caused a significant negative impact on individual freight forwarder’s growth and profitability.This case study aimed to use X Company as an example to investigate the impact of COVID-19 on the freight forwarding industry and possible resilience strategy that could be pursued by individual freight forwarder to overcome the chaos in supply chain disruption in order to maintain one’s operation and sustain one’s competitive advantage over its rivals. The six forces model and SWOT analysis were conducted to examine the freight forwarding industry X Company operating in and assess X Company’s position within the industry, respectively.The results showed there were changes in the industry environment and X Company’s position within the industry before and after the impact of COVID-19. These results suggested possible functional-, business-, and corporate-level strategies that X Company and other freight forwarders could pursue to enable them to stay competitive in the industry and respond to the changes in industry environment and customer needs under the impact of COVID-19. In that way, individual freight forwarder would be able to keep deliver superior performance and boost its profitability and profit growth further in order to sustain its competitive advantage over its rivals during the pandemic of COVID-19. 參考文獻 Allied Market Research. (2020) Freight forwarding Market by Service (Packaging, Documentation, Transportation & warehousing and VAS (Value-added services) - Global Opportunity Analysis and Industry Forecast 2020-2027 [Online]. Available at: https://www.alliedmarketresearch.com/freight-forwarding-market (Accessed: 21 August 2020).Alphaliner. (2020) TOP 100 [Online]. Available at: https://alphaliner.axsmarine.com/PublicTop100/ (Accessed: 21 August 2020).Ataoglu, A. (2015) The Fundamental Roles of Freight Forwarder in the Execution of International Logistics [Online]. Available at: https://www.researchgate.net/publication/282769867_The_Fundamental_Roles_of_Freight_Forwarder_in_the_Execution_of_International_Logistics (Accessed: 21 August 2020).Azpire Trading. (2016) INCOTERMS: Explanation of the Basic Terms used in International Trade [Online]. Available at: https://www.slideshare.net/azpiretrading/payment-incoterms-international-trade (Accessed: 21 August 2020).Berti, A. (2020a) The impact of Covid-19 on global shipping: part 1, system shock [Online]. Ship Technology. Available at: https://www.ship-technology.com/features/impact-of-covid-19-on-shipping/ (Accessed: 21 August 2020).Berti, A. (2020b) The impact of Covid-19 on the global shipping sector [Online]: part 2, silver linings. Ship Technology. Available at: https://www.ship-technology.com/features/impact-of-coronavirus-on-shipping/ (Accessed: 21 August 2020).Beškovnik, B. (2016) Structural changes in the container liner shipping influencing shipping agent’s role [Online]. Available at: https://www.researchgate.net/publication/316686345_Structural_changes_in_the_container_liner_shipping_influencing_shipping_agent%27s_role (Accessed: 26 October 2020).The British International Freight Association (BIFA). (2019) GLOBAL FREIGHT FORWARDING MARKET FORECAST TO GROW AT A CAGR OF 4% TO 4.5% UNTIL 2020 [Online]. Available at: https://www.bifa.org/news/articles/2019/may/global-freight-forwarding-market-forecast-to-grow-at-a-cagr-of-4-to-45-until-2020 (Accessed: 21 August 2020).Boeing. (2018) Air cargo volumes growing amid international trade surge [Online]. Available at: https://www.boeing.com/commercial/market/cargo-forecast/ (Accessed: 21 August 2020).Bureau of Foreign Trade. (2020) Trade Value [Online]. Available at: https://cuswebo.trade.gov.tw/FSC3030F/FSC3030F (Accessed: 21 August 2020).Comtois, C. and Slack, B. (2019) Ship Turnaround Times in Port: Comparative Analysis of Ocean Container Carriers [Online]. Available at: https://globalmaritimehub.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/10/CIRRELT-2019-20.pdf (Accessed: 26 October 2020).Condon, J., Gailus, S., Neuhaus, F. and Peña-Alcaraz, M. (2020) Global freight flows after COVID-19: What`s next? [Online]. Available at: https://www.mckinsey.com/industries/travel-logistics-and-transport-infrastructure/our-insights/global-freight-flows-after-covid-19-whats-next (Accessed: 26 October 2020).DHL Global Forwarding. (2020) Ocean freight market update [Online]. Available at: https://www.dhl.com/content/dam/dhl/global/dhl-global-forwarding/documents/pdf/glo-dgf-ocean-market-update.pdf (Accessed: 21 August 2020).Duffin, E. (2020) Global container shipping throughput 2016-2020 [Online]. Available at: https://www.statista.com/statistics/1032213/global-growth-container-shipping/ (Accessed: 27 August 2020).European Maritime Safety Agency. (2020) COVID-19 impact on shipping - 25 September [Online]. Available at: http://emsa.europa.eu/news-a-press-centre/covid19-impact/download/6448/4002/23.html (Accessed: 27 August 2020).FIATA. (2004) What is freight forwarding? What do forwarders do? [Online]. Available at: https://fiata.com/resources/faq.html (Accessed: 21 August 2020).Harry, R. (2020) IATA: Air cargo sector must act now to overcome the challenges of vaccine distribution [Online]. Available at: https://www.aircargonews.net/airlines/iata/iata-act-now-to-overcome-the-challenges-of-vaccine-distribution/ (Accessed: 27 August 2020).IATA. (2020a) Economic Performance of the Airline Industry [Online]. Available at: https://www.iata.org/en/iata-repository/publications/economic-reports/airline-industry-economic-performance-june-2020-report/ (Accessed: 26 October 2020).IATA. (2020b) Air Cargo Market Analysis July 2020 [Online]. Available at: https://www.iata.org/en/iata-repository/publications/economic-reports/air-freight-monthly-analysis-july-2020/ (Accessed: 26 October 2020).IATA. (2020c) E-AWB Basics [Online]. Available at: https://www.google.com.tw/url?sa=i&url=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.iata.org%2Fcontentassets%2Fb559d10aeb734d5196332b4953dcf312%2Fe-awb-sop-ist.pdf&psig=AOvVaw2dzWUXLJ5P746cuJbELHa2&ust=1603886363040000&source=images&cd=vfe&ved=2ahUKEwj68Nm43NTsAhUiEqYKHe4sAQ8Qr4kDegUIARCjAQ (Accessed: 27 August 2020).International Ocean Freight Forwarders & Logistics Association, Taiwan (IOFFLAT). (2020) Total number of registered freight forwarders in Taiwan [Online]. Available at: http://www.iofflat.com.tw/ming/ (Accessed: 21 August 2020).Knowler, G. (2020a) Container shipping on track for $9 billion annual profit: analyst [Online]. Available at: https://www.joc.com/maritime-news/container-shipping-track-9-billion-annual-profit-analyst_20200622.html (Accessed: 26 October 2020).Knowler, G. (2020b) Alliances outline extensive blank sailings for Q3 [Online]. Available at: https://www.joc.com/maritime-news/alliances-outline-extensive-blank-sailings-q3_20200603.html (Accessed: 1 November 2020).Millar, M. (2018) Global freight forwarding: Overview of the global forwarding sector and its impact on globalization [Online]. Available at: http://www.aargusglobal.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/02/Focused-Whitepaper-Global-Freight-Forwarding.pdf (Accessed: 26 October 2020).Ministry of Economic Affairs, R.O.C. (2020) 公司與商業登記前應經許可業務暨項目總表 [Online]. Available at: https://www.google.com.tw/url?sa=t&rct=j&q=&esrc=s&source=web&cd=&cad=rja&uact=8&ved=2ahUKEwiN2IqMqNfsAhWxGKYKHZ5TD8kQFjAAegQIBRAC&url=https%3A%2F%2Fgcis.nat.gov.tw%2FmainNew%2FmatterAction.do%3Fmethod%3DshowFile%26fileNo%3Dt70025_p&usg=AOvVaw0rUTqfPYrv66VAw9nejAkd (Accessed: 27 August 2020).Mordor Intelligence. (2020a) FREIGHT FORWARDING MARKET - GROWTH, TRENDS, AND FORECASTS (2020 - 2025) [Online]. Available at: https://www.mordorintelligence.com/industry-reports/freight-forwarding-market (Accessed: 21 August 2020).Mordor Intelligence. (2020b) AIR FREIGHT INDUSTRY- GROWTH, TRENDS, AND FORECAST (2020 - 2025) [Online]. Available at: https://www.mordorintelligence.com/industry-reports/global-airfreight-market-industry (Accessed: 26 October 2020).Neame, C. (2020) THE CORONAVIRUS AND FREIGHT FORWARDING [Online]. Available at: https://www.hfw.com/The-coronavirus-and-freight-forwarding-March-2020 (Accessed: 26 October 2020).Pearce, B. (2020) COVID-19. Air cargo markets [Online]. Available at: https://www.iata.org/en/iata-repository/publications/economic-reports/air-cargo-markets-july-update/ (Accessed: 26 October 2020).Sarker, S M Abu Nayem. (2017) Freight Forwarding Industry: Function, Economic Role and Future Market in Bangladesh [Online]. Available at: https://www.researchgate.net/publication/333172898_Freight_Forwarding_Industry_Function_Economic_Role_and_Future_Market_in_Bangladesh (Accessed: 21 August 2020).Swinburne, T. (2020) 4 Tips to Improve Your Freight Forwarder Sales During COVID-19 [Online]. Available at: https://www.bluextrade.com/blog/4-tips-to-improve-your-freight-forwarder-sales-during-covid-19/ (Accessed: 26 October 2020).Twinn, I., Qureshi, N., Conde, M., Guinea, C., Luo, Jiayuan. And Gupta, H. (2020) The Impact of COVID-19 on Logistics [Online]. Available at: https://www.ifc.org/wps/wcm/connect/industry_ext_content/ifc_external_corporate_site/infrastructure/resources/the+impact+of+covid-19+on+logistics (Accessed: 26 October 2020).Valuates Reports. (2020) Freight Forwarding Market Size is Projected To Reach USD 207 Billion By 2026 [Online]. Available at: https://www.prnewswire.com/news-releases/freight-forwarding-market-size-is-projected-to-reach-usd-207-billion-by-2026---valuates-reports-301103062.html (Accessed: 21 August 2020).Wood, L. (2020) Worldwide Air Transport Markets to 2030 - COVID-19 Impact and Recovery Assessment [Online]. Available at: https://www.prnewswire.com/news-releases/worldwide-air-transport-markets-to-2030---covid-19-impact-and-recovery-assessment-301082742.html (Accessed: 27 August 2020).WTO. (2020) Second Quarter 2020 Merchandise Trade [Online]. Available at: https://www.wto.org/english/res_e/statis_e/daily_update_e/merch_latest.pdf (Accessed: 21 August 2020).xChange Solutions. (2019) Shipping Alliances: 2M, Ocean Alliance & THE Alliance [Online]. Available at: https://container-xchange.com/blog/shipping-alliances/ (Accessed: 26 October 2020). 描述 碩士
國立政治大學
國際經營管理英語碩士學位學程(IMBA)
107933012資料來源 http://thesis.lib.nccu.edu.tw/record/#G0107933012 資料類型 thesis dc.contributor.advisor 蔡政憲 zh_TW dc.contributor.advisor Tsai, Jason en_US dc.contributor.author (Authors) 曾紹烜 zh_TW dc.contributor.author (Authors) Tseng, Shao-Hsuan en_US dc.creator (作者) 曾紹烜 zh_TW dc.creator (作者) Tseng, Shao-Hsuan en_US dc.date (日期) 2020 en_US dc.date.accessioned 1-Feb-2021 14:06:07 (UTC+8) - dc.date.available 1-Feb-2021 14:06:07 (UTC+8) - dc.date.issued (上傳時間) 1-Feb-2021 14:06:07 (UTC+8) - dc.identifier (Other Identifiers) G0107933012 en_US dc.identifier.uri (URI) http://nccur.lib.nccu.edu.tw/handle/140.119/133874 - dc.description (描述) 碩士 zh_TW dc.description (描述) 國立政治大學 zh_TW dc.description (描述) 國際經營管理英語碩士學位學程(IMBA) zh_TW dc.description (描述) 107933012 zh_TW dc.description.abstract (摘要) The pandemic of COVID-19 has been a black swan, which has disrupted the global supply chain and affected the global economy significantly. Freight forwarding industry has been one of victims in this chaos which more threats have been possessed to the industry, resulting even more intense competition and rivalry between established freight forwarders. This has caused a significant negative impact on individual freight forwarder’s growth and profitability.This case study aimed to use X Company as an example to investigate the impact of COVID-19 on the freight forwarding industry and possible resilience strategy that could be pursued by individual freight forwarder to overcome the chaos in supply chain disruption in order to maintain one’s operation and sustain one’s competitive advantage over its rivals. The six forces model and SWOT analysis were conducted to examine the freight forwarding industry X Company operating in and assess X Company’s position within the industry, respectively.The results showed there were changes in the industry environment and X Company’s position within the industry before and after the impact of COVID-19. These results suggested possible functional-, business-, and corporate-level strategies that X Company and other freight forwarders could pursue to enable them to stay competitive in the industry and respond to the changes in industry environment and customer needs under the impact of COVID-19. In that way, individual freight forwarder would be able to keep deliver superior performance and boost its profitability and profit growth further in order to sustain its competitive advantage over its rivals during the pandemic of COVID-19. en_US dc.description.tableofcontents TABLE OF CONTENTS1. Introduction 11.1. Definition of freight forwarding industry 11.2. Research problem 11.3. Research purpose 31.4. Research methodology 31.5. Research framework 52. Supply Chain Logistics Overview 62.1. Importance of logistics in global supply chain and international trade 62.2. Introduction of global supply chain 72.2.1. Global freight forwarding industry 82.2.2. Global shipping line industry 112.2.3. Global airline industry 132.3. Taiwan’s freight forwarding industry 153. X Company Overview 193.1. Introduction of X Company 193.2. Service offerings 203.3. Organizational structure 203.4. Business canvas 224. Supply Chain Logistics Disruption by COVID-19 294.1. Impact on shipping line industry 294.2. Impact on airline industry 334.3. Impact on freight forwarding industry – X Company 355. Methodology 375.1. Six forces model 375.1.1. Industry analysis before the impact of COVID-19 375.1.1.1. Risk of entry by potential competitors 375.1.1.2. Rivalry among established companies 425.1.1.3. The bargaining power of buyers 465.1.1.4. The bargaining power of suppliers 475.1.1.5. Substitute products 485.1.1.6. Complementors 485.1.2. Industry analysis after the impact of COVID-19 495.1.2.1. Risk of entry by potential competitors 495.1.2.2. Rivalry among established companies 525.1.2.3. The bargaining power of buyers 545.1.2.4. The bargaining power of suppliers 555.1.2.5. Substitute products 565.1.2.6. Complementors 565.2. SWOT analysis 575.2.1. SWOT analysis on X Company before the impact of COVID-19 575.2.1.1. Strengths 585.2.1.2. Weaknesses 605.2.1.3. Opportunities 605.2.1.4. Threats 615.2.2. SWOT analysis on X Company after the impact of COVID-19 615.2.2.1. Strengths 625.2.2.2. Weaknesses 625.2.2.3. Opportunities 625.2.2.4. Threats 636. Results 656.1. Results from six forces model 656.2. Results from SWOT analysis 677. Recommendations 707.1. Functional-level strategy 707.2. Business-level strategy 767.3. Corporate-level strategy 788. Conclusion 799. References 81 zh_TW dc.source.uri (資料來源) http://thesis.lib.nccu.edu.tw/record/#G0107933012 en_US dc.subject (關鍵詞) 貨運承攬業 zh_TW dc.subject (關鍵詞) 新冠肺炎 zh_TW dc.subject (關鍵詞) 策略 zh_TW dc.subject (關鍵詞) Freight forwarder en_US dc.subject (關鍵詞) COVID-19 en_US dc.subject (關鍵詞) Strategy en_US dc.title (題名) 新冠肺炎對台灣貨運承攬運送產業影響之個案分析 zh_TW dc.title (題名) A Case Study on the Impact of COVID-19 on the Freight Forwarding Industry of Taiwan en_US dc.type (資料類型) thesis en_US dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Allied Market Research. (2020) Freight forwarding Market by Service (Packaging, Documentation, Transportation & warehousing and VAS (Value-added services) - Global Opportunity Analysis and Industry Forecast 2020-2027 [Online]. Available at: https://www.alliedmarketresearch.com/freight-forwarding-market (Accessed: 21 August 2020).Alphaliner. (2020) TOP 100 [Online]. Available at: https://alphaliner.axsmarine.com/PublicTop100/ (Accessed: 21 August 2020).Ataoglu, A. (2015) The Fundamental Roles of Freight Forwarder in the Execution of International Logistics [Online]. Available at: https://www.researchgate.net/publication/282769867_The_Fundamental_Roles_of_Freight_Forwarder_in_the_Execution_of_International_Logistics (Accessed: 21 August 2020).Azpire Trading. (2016) INCOTERMS: Explanation of the Basic Terms used in International Trade [Online]. Available at: https://www.slideshare.net/azpiretrading/payment-incoterms-international-trade (Accessed: 21 August 2020).Berti, A. (2020a) The impact of Covid-19 on global shipping: part 1, system shock [Online]. Ship Technology. Available at: https://www.ship-technology.com/features/impact-of-covid-19-on-shipping/ (Accessed: 21 August 2020).Berti, A. (2020b) The impact of Covid-19 on the global shipping sector [Online]: part 2, silver linings. Ship Technology. Available at: https://www.ship-technology.com/features/impact-of-coronavirus-on-shipping/ (Accessed: 21 August 2020).Beškovnik, B. (2016) Structural changes in the container liner shipping influencing shipping agent’s role [Online]. Available at: https://www.researchgate.net/publication/316686345_Structural_changes_in_the_container_liner_shipping_influencing_shipping_agent%27s_role (Accessed: 26 October 2020).The British International Freight Association (BIFA). (2019) GLOBAL FREIGHT FORWARDING MARKET FORECAST TO GROW AT A CAGR OF 4% TO 4.5% UNTIL 2020 [Online]. Available at: https://www.bifa.org/news/articles/2019/may/global-freight-forwarding-market-forecast-to-grow-at-a-cagr-of-4-to-45-until-2020 (Accessed: 21 August 2020).Boeing. (2018) Air cargo volumes growing amid international trade surge [Online]. Available at: https://www.boeing.com/commercial/market/cargo-forecast/ (Accessed: 21 August 2020).Bureau of Foreign Trade. (2020) Trade Value [Online]. Available at: https://cuswebo.trade.gov.tw/FSC3030F/FSC3030F (Accessed: 21 August 2020).Comtois, C. and Slack, B. (2019) Ship Turnaround Times in Port: Comparative Analysis of Ocean Container Carriers [Online]. Available at: https://globalmaritimehub.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/10/CIRRELT-2019-20.pdf (Accessed: 26 October 2020).Condon, J., Gailus, S., Neuhaus, F. and Peña-Alcaraz, M. (2020) Global freight flows after COVID-19: What`s next? [Online]. Available at: https://www.mckinsey.com/industries/travel-logistics-and-transport-infrastructure/our-insights/global-freight-flows-after-covid-19-whats-next (Accessed: 26 October 2020).DHL Global Forwarding. (2020) Ocean freight market update [Online]. Available at: https://www.dhl.com/content/dam/dhl/global/dhl-global-forwarding/documents/pdf/glo-dgf-ocean-market-update.pdf (Accessed: 21 August 2020).Duffin, E. (2020) Global container shipping throughput 2016-2020 [Online]. Available at: https://www.statista.com/statistics/1032213/global-growth-container-shipping/ (Accessed: 27 August 2020).European Maritime Safety Agency. (2020) COVID-19 impact on shipping - 25 September [Online]. Available at: http://emsa.europa.eu/news-a-press-centre/covid19-impact/download/6448/4002/23.html (Accessed: 27 August 2020).FIATA. (2004) What is freight forwarding? What do forwarders do? [Online]. Available at: https://fiata.com/resources/faq.html (Accessed: 21 August 2020).Harry, R. (2020) IATA: Air cargo sector must act now to overcome the challenges of vaccine distribution [Online]. Available at: https://www.aircargonews.net/airlines/iata/iata-act-now-to-overcome-the-challenges-of-vaccine-distribution/ (Accessed: 27 August 2020).IATA. (2020a) Economic Performance of the Airline Industry [Online]. Available at: https://www.iata.org/en/iata-repository/publications/economic-reports/airline-industry-economic-performance-june-2020-report/ (Accessed: 26 October 2020).IATA. (2020b) Air Cargo Market Analysis July 2020 [Online]. Available at: https://www.iata.org/en/iata-repository/publications/economic-reports/air-freight-monthly-analysis-july-2020/ (Accessed: 26 October 2020).IATA. (2020c) E-AWB Basics [Online]. Available at: https://www.google.com.tw/url?sa=i&url=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.iata.org%2Fcontentassets%2Fb559d10aeb734d5196332b4953dcf312%2Fe-awb-sop-ist.pdf&psig=AOvVaw2dzWUXLJ5P746cuJbELHa2&ust=1603886363040000&source=images&cd=vfe&ved=2ahUKEwj68Nm43NTsAhUiEqYKHe4sAQ8Qr4kDegUIARCjAQ (Accessed: 27 August 2020).International Ocean Freight Forwarders & Logistics Association, Taiwan (IOFFLAT). (2020) Total number of registered freight forwarders in Taiwan [Online]. Available at: http://www.iofflat.com.tw/ming/ (Accessed: 21 August 2020).Knowler, G. (2020a) Container shipping on track for $9 billion annual profit: analyst [Online]. Available at: https://www.joc.com/maritime-news/container-shipping-track-9-billion-annual-profit-analyst_20200622.html (Accessed: 26 October 2020).Knowler, G. (2020b) Alliances outline extensive blank sailings for Q3 [Online]. Available at: https://www.joc.com/maritime-news/alliances-outline-extensive-blank-sailings-q3_20200603.html (Accessed: 1 November 2020).Millar, M. (2018) Global freight forwarding: Overview of the global forwarding sector and its impact on globalization [Online]. Available at: http://www.aargusglobal.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/02/Focused-Whitepaper-Global-Freight-Forwarding.pdf (Accessed: 26 October 2020).Ministry of Economic Affairs, R.O.C. (2020) 公司與商業登記前應經許可業務暨項目總表 [Online]. Available at: https://www.google.com.tw/url?sa=t&rct=j&q=&esrc=s&source=web&cd=&cad=rja&uact=8&ved=2ahUKEwiN2IqMqNfsAhWxGKYKHZ5TD8kQFjAAegQIBRAC&url=https%3A%2F%2Fgcis.nat.gov.tw%2FmainNew%2FmatterAction.do%3Fmethod%3DshowFile%26fileNo%3Dt70025_p&usg=AOvVaw0rUTqfPYrv66VAw9nejAkd (Accessed: 27 August 2020).Mordor Intelligence. (2020a) FREIGHT FORWARDING MARKET - GROWTH, TRENDS, AND FORECASTS (2020 - 2025) [Online]. Available at: https://www.mordorintelligence.com/industry-reports/freight-forwarding-market (Accessed: 21 August 2020).Mordor Intelligence. (2020b) AIR FREIGHT INDUSTRY- GROWTH, TRENDS, AND FORECAST (2020 - 2025) [Online]. Available at: https://www.mordorintelligence.com/industry-reports/global-airfreight-market-industry (Accessed: 26 October 2020).Neame, C. (2020) THE CORONAVIRUS AND FREIGHT FORWARDING [Online]. Available at: https://www.hfw.com/The-coronavirus-and-freight-forwarding-March-2020 (Accessed: 26 October 2020).Pearce, B. (2020) COVID-19. Air cargo markets [Online]. Available at: https://www.iata.org/en/iata-repository/publications/economic-reports/air-cargo-markets-july-update/ (Accessed: 26 October 2020).Sarker, S M Abu Nayem. (2017) Freight Forwarding Industry: Function, Economic Role and Future Market in Bangladesh [Online]. Available at: https://www.researchgate.net/publication/333172898_Freight_Forwarding_Industry_Function_Economic_Role_and_Future_Market_in_Bangladesh (Accessed: 21 August 2020).Swinburne, T. (2020) 4 Tips to Improve Your Freight Forwarder Sales During COVID-19 [Online]. Available at: https://www.bluextrade.com/blog/4-tips-to-improve-your-freight-forwarder-sales-during-covid-19/ (Accessed: 26 October 2020).Twinn, I., Qureshi, N., Conde, M., Guinea, C., Luo, Jiayuan. And Gupta, H. (2020) The Impact of COVID-19 on Logistics [Online]. Available at: https://www.ifc.org/wps/wcm/connect/industry_ext_content/ifc_external_corporate_site/infrastructure/resources/the+impact+of+covid-19+on+logistics (Accessed: 26 October 2020).Valuates Reports. (2020) Freight Forwarding Market Size is Projected To Reach USD 207 Billion By 2026 [Online]. Available at: https://www.prnewswire.com/news-releases/freight-forwarding-market-size-is-projected-to-reach-usd-207-billion-by-2026---valuates-reports-301103062.html (Accessed: 21 August 2020).Wood, L. (2020) Worldwide Air Transport Markets to 2030 - COVID-19 Impact and Recovery Assessment [Online]. Available at: https://www.prnewswire.com/news-releases/worldwide-air-transport-markets-to-2030---covid-19-impact-and-recovery-assessment-301082742.html (Accessed: 27 August 2020).WTO. (2020) Second Quarter 2020 Merchandise Trade [Online]. Available at: https://www.wto.org/english/res_e/statis_e/daily_update_e/merch_latest.pdf (Accessed: 21 August 2020).xChange Solutions. (2019) Shipping Alliances: 2M, Ocean Alliance & THE Alliance [Online]. Available at: https://container-xchange.com/blog/shipping-alliances/ (Accessed: 26 October 2020). zh_TW dc.identifier.doi (DOI) 10.6814/NCCU202100007 en_US
