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題名 利用ERP探討社交焦慮者解釋性偏誤的認知歷程
Exploring Social Anxiety on Interpretation Bias using ERP
作者 黃孟涵
Huang, Meng-Han
貢獻者 許文耀
Hsu, Wen-Yau
黃孟涵
Huang, Meng-Han
關鍵詞 社交焦慮
解釋性偏誤
句詞關聯作業
事件關聯電位
N400
P600
Social anxiety
Interpretation bias
Sentence Word Association Paradigm
Event-Related potential
N400
P600
日期 2021
上傳時間 1-Feb-2021 14:09:25 (UTC+8)
摘要 本研究希望以事件關聯電位的資料蒐集方式，透過句詞關聯作業的實驗派典，了解社交焦慮者在模糊情境下，面對不同價性解釋詞彙的認知歷程及解釋偏誤型態，並探討事件關聯電位的腦波資料與句詞關聯作業的行為資料之關聯性。研究選取政治大學的學生，利用李氏社交焦慮量表（LSAS）作為社交焦慮傾向的篩選工具，前25%為高社交焦慮組，共77人；後25%為低社交焦慮組，共39人，施以社交焦慮與情緒相關量表、句詞關聯作業、以及解釋性偏誤相關問卷，在進行句詞關聯作業的同時，利用事件關聯電位測量受試者腦波狀況，其中，利用N400、P600作為ERP的違反預期性指標。事件關聯電位資料結果顯示，相較於低社交焦慮組，高社交焦慮組在非威脅詞彙出現時有顯著的N400效果，顯示對非威脅詞彙的非預期性；兩組別在威脅詞彙並無出現顯著差異性，於組內比較中也未有其他顯著發現，因此ERP的結果僅部分符合研究預期，支持高社交焦慮組有低程度的非威脅解釋偏誤。本研究亦關注ERP及行為指標間的關聯性，確認行為資料符合過去的研究結果後，將兩種資料型態進行相關分析，然兩者並無任何顯著相關性，支持大腦機制及行為機制可能屬於不同認知歷程，本文會提供更加詳細的討論。綜合來說，本研究支持缺乏非威脅解釋偏誤是高社交焦慮傾向者的重要認知特性之一，這可能發生於認知歷程的早期階段。
The purpose of the study is to understand the social anxious individual’s cognitive processes and interpretative bias types when facing different valence interpretation words in ambitious situations. This study uses sentence word association paradigm（SWAP） combining with event-related potential（ERP） as study method. The relatedness of ERP data and the behavioral data will also be explored. This study targets on the students in National Chengchi University, including high social anxious and low social anxious participants. They will all complete seven questionnaires（three social anxious related scales, two emotional related scales, and two interpretation bias related scales）and do the SWAP task with ERP simultaneously. N4, P6 can serve as the ERP index of violations of expectancy. ERP results revealed that compared to low social anxious group, high social anxious individuals were characterized by an increased N400 to benign words, showing the low expectation of benign words. No significant results were found in threat words, as well as in between-group comparison. Hence, the ERP results only meet the research expectation partly, suggesting the high social anxious group has the low level of benign interpretation bias. Our research also concerns the correlation between ERP and behavioral data. Confirming the behavioral data indeed corresponded with pass research results, we made the correlation analysis. No significant result has shown. This outcome may indicate the different cognition mechanism between brain and behavior. In summary, our research suggests that the lack of benign interpretation bias may be the important cognitive characteristic of high social anxious individuals. And it’s more likely to occur in the early stage of cognitive processes.
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Automatic and strategic processes. Behaviour research and therapy, 35(1), 49-58.
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P600 in language comprehension. Frontiers in Psychology, 8, 1327.
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Coulson, S. (1998). ERPs and domain specificity: Beating a straw horse. Language
and cognitive processes, 13(6), 653-672.
Clark, D. M., Salkovskis, P. M., Öst, L.-G., Breitholtz, E., Koehler, K. A., Westling, B. E., . . . Gelder, M. (1997). Misinterpretation of body sensations in panic disorder. Journal of consulting and clinical psychology, 65(2), 203.
Clark, D. M., & Wells, A. (1995). A cognitive model of social phobia. Social phobia: Diagnosis, assessment, and treatment, 41(68), 00022-00023.
Constans, J. I., Penn, D. L., Ihen, G. H., & Hope, D. A. (1999). Interpretive biases for ambiguous stimuli in social anxiety. Behaviour research and therapy, 37(7), 643-651.
Coulson, S. (1998). ERPs and domain specificity: Beating a straw horse. Language and cognitive processes, 13(6), 653-672.
Friederici, A. D. (1995). The time course of syntactic activation during language
processing: A model based on neuropsychological and neurophysiological data. Brain and language, 50(3), 259-281.
Frenkel, T. I., & Bar-Haim, Y. (2011). Neural activation during the processing of
ambiguous fearful facial expressions: an ERP study in anxious and nonanxious individuals. Biological Psychology, 88(2-3), 188-195.
Frisch, S., Schlesewsky, M., Saddy, D., & Alpermann, A. (2002). The P600 as an indicator of syntactic ambiguity. Cognition, 85(3), B83-B92.
Gilboa-Schechtman, E., Presburger, G., Marom, S., & Hermesh, H. (2005). The effects of social anxiety and depression on the evaluation of facial crowds. Behaviour research and therapy, 43(4), 467-474.
Harvey, J. M., Richards, J. C., Dziadosz, T., & Swindell, A. (1993). Misinterpretation of ambiguous stimuli in panic disorder. Cognitive therapy and research, 17(3), 235-248.
Hirsch, C., & Mathews, A. (1997). Interpretative inferences when reading about emotional events. Behaviour research and therapy, 35(12), 1123-1132.
Hirsch, C. R., & Mathews, A. (2000). Impaired positive inferential bias in social phobia. Journal of Abnormal psychology, 109(4), 705.
Huppert, J. D., Pasupuleti, R. V., Foa, E. B., & Mathews, A. (2007). Interpretation biases in social anxiety: Response generation, response selection, and self-appraisals. Behaviour research and therapy, 45(7), 1505-1515.
Kuperberg, G. R. (2007). Neural mechanisms of language comprehension: Challenges
to syntax. Brain research, 1146, 23-49.
Kaan, E., Harris, A., Gibson, E., & Holcomb, P. (2000). The P600 as an index of syntactic integration difficulty. Language and cognitive processes, 15(2), 159-201.
Kanai, Y., Sasagawa, S., Chen, J., Shimada, H., & Sakano, Y. (2010). Interpretation bias for ambiguous social behavior among individuals with high and low levels of social anxiety. Cognitive therapy and research, 34(3), 229-240.
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描述 碩士
國立政治大學
心理學系
106752025
資料來源 http://thesis.lib.nccu.edu.tw/record/#G0106752025
資料類型 thesis
dc.contributor.advisor 許文耀zh_TW
dc.contributor.advisor Hsu, Wen-Yauen_US
dc.contributor.author (Authors) 黃孟涵zh_TW
dc.contributor.author (Authors) Huang, Meng-Hanen_US
dc.creator (作者) 黃孟涵zh_TW
dc.creator (作者) Huang, Meng-Hanen_US
dc.date (日期) 2021en_US
dc.date.accessioned 1-Feb-2021 14:09:25 (UTC+8)-
dc.date.available 1-Feb-2021 14:09:25 (UTC+8)-
dc.date.issued (上傳時間) 1-Feb-2021 14:09:25 (UTC+8)-
dc.identifier (Other Identifiers) G0106752025en_US
dc.identifier.uri (URI) http://nccur.lib.nccu.edu.tw/handle/140.119/133888-
dc.description (描述) 碩士zh_TW
dc.description (描述) 國立政治大學zh_TW
dc.description (描述) 心理學系zh_TW
dc.description (描述) 106752025zh_TW
dc.description.abstract (摘要) 本研究希望以事件關聯電位的資料蒐集方式，透過句詞關聯作業的實驗派典，了解社交焦慮者在模糊情境下，面對不同價性解釋詞彙的認知歷程及解釋偏誤型態，並探討事件關聯電位的腦波資料與句詞關聯作業的行為資料之關聯性。研究選取政治大學的學生，利用李氏社交焦慮量表（LSAS）作為社交焦慮傾向的篩選工具，前25%為高社交焦慮組，共77人；後25%為低社交焦慮組，共39人，施以社交焦慮與情緒相關量表、句詞關聯作業、以及解釋性偏誤相關問卷，在進行句詞關聯作業的同時，利用事件關聯電位測量受試者腦波狀況，其中，利用N400、P600作為ERP的違反預期性指標。事件關聯電位資料結果顯示，相較於低社交焦慮組，高社交焦慮組在非威脅詞彙出現時有顯著的N400效果，顯示對非威脅詞彙的非預期性；兩組別在威脅詞彙並無出現顯著差異性，於組內比較中也未有其他顯著發現，因此ERP的結果僅部分符合研究預期，支持高社交焦慮組有低程度的非威脅解釋偏誤。本研究亦關注ERP及行為指標間的關聯性，確認行為資料符合過去的研究結果後，將兩種資料型態進行相關分析，然兩者並無任何顯著相關性，支持大腦機制及行為機制可能屬於不同認知歷程，本文會提供更加詳細的討論。綜合來說，本研究支持缺乏非威脅解釋偏誤是高社交焦慮傾向者的重要認知特性之一，這可能發生於認知歷程的早期階段。zh_TW
dc.description.abstract (摘要) The purpose of the study is to understand the social anxious individual’s cognitive processes and interpretative bias types when facing different valence interpretation words in ambitious situations. This study uses sentence word association paradigm（SWAP） combining with event-related potential（ERP） as study method. The relatedness of ERP data and the behavioral data will also be explored. This study targets on the students in National Chengchi University, including high social anxious and low social anxious participants. They will all complete seven questionnaires（three social anxious related scales, two emotional related scales, and two interpretation bias related scales）and do the SWAP task with ERP simultaneously. N4, P6 can serve as the ERP index of violations of expectancy. ERP results revealed that compared to low social anxious group, high social anxious individuals were characterized by an increased N400 to benign words, showing the low expectation of benign words. No significant results were found in threat words, as well as in between-group comparison. Hence, the ERP results only meet the research expectation partly, suggesting the high social anxious group has the low level of benign interpretation bias. Our research also concerns the correlation between ERP and behavioral data. Confirming the behavioral data indeed corresponded with pass research results, we made the correlation analysis. No significant result has shown. This outcome may indicate the different cognition mechanism between brain and behavior. In summary, our research suggests that the lack of benign interpretation bias may be the important cognitive characteristic of high social anxious individuals. And it’s more likely to occur in the early stage of cognitive processes.en_US
dc.description.tableofcontents 第一章 緒論 01
第二章 文獻回顧 03
第一節 社交焦慮之病理模式 03
第二節 解釋性偏誤 08
第三節 事件關聯電位(ERP 18
第三章 研究目的 25
第一節 研究目的與架構 25
第二節 研究問題與假設 29
第三節 研究方法 31
第四章 研究結果 40
第五章 討論 64
第六章 參考文獻 78		zh_TW
dc.format.extent 1721710 bytes-
dc.format.mimetype application/pdf-
dc.source.uri (資料來源) http://thesis.lib.nccu.edu.tw/record/#G0106752025en_US
dc.subject (關鍵詞) 社交焦慮zh_TW
dc.subject (關鍵詞) 解釋性偏誤zh_TW
dc.subject (關鍵詞) 句詞關聯作業zh_TW
dc.subject (關鍵詞) 事件關聯電位zh_TW
dc.subject (關鍵詞) N400zh_TW
dc.subject (關鍵詞) P600zh_TW
dc.subject (關鍵詞) Social anxietyen_US
dc.subject (關鍵詞) Interpretation biasen_US
dc.subject (關鍵詞) Sentence Word Association Paradigmen_US
dc.subject (關鍵詞) Event-Related potentialen_US
dc.subject (關鍵詞) N400en_US
dc.subject (關鍵詞) P600en_US
dc.title (題名) 利用ERP探討社交焦慮者解釋性偏誤的認知歷程zh_TW
dc.title (題名) Exploring Social Anxiety on Interpretation Bias using ERPen_US
dc.type (資料類型) thesisen_US
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Amin, N., Foa, E. B., & Coles, M. E. (1998). Negative interpretation bias in social phobia. Behaviour research and therapy, 36(10), 945-957.
Amir, N., Prouvost, C., & Kuckertz, J. M. (2012). Lack of a benign interpretation bias in social anxiety disorder. Cognitive Behaviour Therapy, 41(2), 119-129.
Association, A. P. (2013). Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders (DSM-5®): American Psychiatric Pub.
Beard, C., & Amir, N. (2009). Interpretation in social anxiety: When meaning precedes ambiguity. Cognitive therapy and research, 33(4), 406-415.
Beck, A. T., & Clark, D. A. (1997). An information processing model of anxiety:
Automatic and strategic processes. Behaviour research and therapy, 35(1), 49-58.
Brouwer, H., & Crocker, M. W. (2017). On the proper treatment of the N400 and
P600 in language comprehension. Frontiers in Psychology, 8, 1327.
Beck, A. T., Emery, G., & Greenberg, R. (1985). Anxiety disorders and phobias: A cognitive approach. Basic, New York.
Bar-Haim, Y., Lamy, D., & Glickman, S. (2005). Attentional bias in anxiety: A
behavioral and ERP study. Brain and cognition, 59(1), 11-22.
Beck, A. T., Steer, R. A., & Brown, G. K. (1996). Beck depression inventory-II. San Antonio, 78(2), 490-498.
Butler, G., & Mathews, A. (1983). Cognitive processes in anxiety. Advances in behaviour research and therapy, 5(1), 51-62.
Coulson, S. (1998). ERPs and domain specificity: Beating a straw horse. Language
and cognitive processes, 13(6), 653-672.
Clark, D. M., Salkovskis, P. M., Öst, L.-G., Breitholtz, E., Koehler, K. A., Westling, B. E., . . . Gelder, M. (1997). Misinterpretation of body sensations in panic disorder. Journal of consulting and clinical psychology, 65(2), 203.
Clark, D. M., & Wells, A. (1995). A cognitive model of social phobia. Social phobia: Diagnosis, assessment, and treatment, 41(68), 00022-00023.
Constans, J. I., Penn, D. L., Ihen, G. H., & Hope, D. A. (1999). Interpretive biases for ambiguous stimuli in social anxiety. Behaviour research and therapy, 37(7), 643-651.
Coulson, S. (1998). ERPs and domain specificity: Beating a straw horse. Language and cognitive processes, 13(6), 653-672.
Friederici, A. D. (1995). The time course of syntactic activation during language
processing: A model based on neuropsychological and neurophysiological data. Brain and language, 50(3), 259-281.
Frenkel, T. I., & Bar-Haim, Y. (2011). Neural activation during the processing of
ambiguous fearful facial expressions: an ERP study in anxious and nonanxious individuals. Biological Psychology, 88(2-3), 188-195.
Frisch, S., Schlesewsky, M., Saddy, D., & Alpermann, A. (2002). The P600 as an indicator of syntactic ambiguity. Cognition, 85(3), B83-B92.
Gilboa-Schechtman, E., Presburger, G., Marom, S., & Hermesh, H. (2005). The effects of social anxiety and depression on the evaluation of facial crowds. Behaviour research and therapy, 43(4), 467-474.
Harvey, J. M., Richards, J. C., Dziadosz, T., & Swindell, A. (1993). Misinterpretation of ambiguous stimuli in panic disorder. Cognitive therapy and research, 17(3), 235-248.
Hirsch, C., & Mathews, A. (1997). Interpretative inferences when reading about emotional events. Behaviour research and therapy, 35(12), 1123-1132.
Hirsch, C. R., & Mathews, A. (2000). Impaired positive inferential bias in social phobia. Journal of Abnormal psychology, 109(4), 705.
Huppert, J. D., Pasupuleti, R. V., Foa, E. B., & Mathews, A. (2007). Interpretation biases in social anxiety: Response generation, response selection, and self-appraisals. Behaviour research and therapy, 45(7), 1505-1515.
Kuperberg, G. R. (2007). Neural mechanisms of language comprehension: Challenges
to syntax. Brain research, 1146, 23-49.
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dc.identifier.doi (DOI) 10.6814/NCCU202100129en_US