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題名 從氣候正義看德國氣候財務機制
Germany Climate Finance Mechanism from the Perspective of Climate Justice
作者 陳韻如
Chen, Yun-Ju
貢獻者 楊文琪
陳韻如
Chen, Yun-Ju
關鍵詞 氣候正義
分配正義
程序正義
代際正義
羅爾斯正義論
氣候財務機制
Climate justice
Distributive justice
Procedural justice
Intergenerational justice
Theory of justice
Climate finance mechanism
日期 2020
上傳時間 1-Feb-2021 14:27:17 (UTC+8)
摘要 氣候變遷對全世界數百萬甚至數十億人的人權產生深遠影響，一般來說，那些最容易受到氣候影響的人民很少造成地球環境的負擔，而他們在資源已經很少的情況下，卻又要為氣候變遷付出巨大代價，因而產生氣候正義的問題。其中，已開發國家排放溫室氣體所引發的「負外部性」是其中最不公不義之處。然而，氣候變遷是一全球現象，需要的是全球共同努力。有鑑於此，已開發國家透過氣候財務機制援助他國日益頻繁之際，本文以氣候正義評估指標作為分析框架，考察德國氣候財務機制是否符合氣候正義原則。

氣候變遷不僅是科學和經濟問題，同時也是倫理道德問題；倫理道德又與氣候正義息息相關，處理的是責任的分配與能力的負擔；其分為分配正義、程序正義、代際正義三個面向，若不能同時符合三者之標準，就無法實現學者羅爾斯之公平正義原則。本核心研究問題為德國氣候財務機制是否符合氣候正義原則，筆者透過導引出的初探性氣候正義評估指標框架與氣候財務機制分析二部曲，將理論與實務結合應用在德國氣候財務機制，並依以上基礎，評估氣候正義操作化結果，以供未來相關氣候資金機制設計者有建設性的參考。
Climate change has a profound impact on human rights. Generally speaking, those people who are most vulnerable to climate change rarely burden the earth`s environment. At the same time, it has to pay a huge price for climate change, which has created the issue of climate justice. In view of this, as developed countries use climate finance mechanisms to aid other countries more and more frequently, this article uses climate justice evaluation indicator as an analysis framework to examine whether Germany`s climate finance mechanism complies with climate justice principles.

Climate change is not only a scientific and economic issue, but also an ethical issue. Ethics and morality are closely related to climate justice, dealing with the distribution of responsibilities and the burden of capacity; it is divided into three aspects: distributive justice, procedural justice, and intergenerational justice. If the standards of the three cannot be met at the same time, the principle of fairness and justice of Rawls cannot be realized. On the basis of the above, whether the German climate financial mechanism complies with the principles of climate justice is this paper’s core research question. Hope the operational indicators and evaluation of climate justice framework can give future scholars constructive reference of designing relevant climate finance mechanisms.
參考文獻 中文書目
(一) 政府網站、報告及出版品
楊文琪，氣候變遷資金機制之研究-兼論對台灣之適用性(科技部研究報告(計畫編號：108-2410-H-004 -005 -，2020)。
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施文真(2014)，〈由雙邊氣候變遷財務機制論我國外援政策可能之發展〉，收錄於葉俊榮主編《氣候變遷的制度因應：決策、財務與規範》(台北：台大出版中心)，。
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(三) 期刊
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施文真(2015)，「天助自助者？國家基金作為氣候變遷之財務機制的個案分析以及對我國之啟示」，國際政治與經濟論叢，第3期，頁1-37。
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楊惟任(2014)，「國際氣候政治的爭論：氣候正義的觀點」，遠景基金會季刊，第15卷第1期，頁141-165。
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羅時芳、吳周燕(2011)「氣候變遷調適財務援助機制研析」，農業與資源經濟台灣農業與資源經濟學會，第8卷第2期，頁57-70。
譚偉恩、郭映庭(2018)，「多邊主義合作的空洞化：論全球暖化治理中『裂解模式』的興起」，國際關係學報，第45期，頁21。
(四) 網路資源
陳巾眉(2012)，「溫室氣體會滯留在大氣中多久？」，環境資訊中心，網址： https://e-info.org.tw/node/74419。
環境資訊中心，「德氣候內閣529宣告：2021全面碳價元年」，參考網址： https://e-info.org.tw/node/224737。
環境品質文教基金會，「巴黎協定中NDC的國際法效力與台灣」，參考網址：http://www.eqpf.org/envinews/epContent.aspx?dsn=282&cId=1。
二、英文書目
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(二) 專書
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Voigt, C. (2016). “The Compliance and Implementation Mechanism of the Paris Agreement,” Review of European Community & International Environmental Law, 25(2), pp. 161-173.
(四) 碩博士論文
Agarwal, A. & Narain, S. (2003). “Global Warming in an unequal world, a case of environmental colonialism,” Centre For Science and Environment.
Durkin, A. (2016). “The Development of a Preference for Procedural Justice,” Yale University, pp. 24.
Friman, M. (2013). “Historical responsibility: Assessing the past in international climate Negotiations,” Linkoeping University, Department of Thematic Studies in Arts and Science, pp. 1-71.
King, D., et, al. (2012). “The response of China, India and Brazil to climate change: a perspective for South Africa,” Centre for Development and Enterprise by Smith School of Enterprise and the Environment, University of Oxford.
MacGregor, S. & Szerszynski, B. (2003). “Environmental Citizenship and the Administration of Life,” paper presented at “Citizenship and the Environment” Workshop, Newcastle University, pp. 4-6.
Mulgaonkar, P. “Toward a Climate Justice Frame: How Social Movement Organizations Articulate Climate Change,” Honors Thesis in Environmental Studies, New York University, College of Arts and Science, Undergraduate., pp. 11.
Perez, A., et al. (2015). “Evolution of the environmental justice movement: activism, formalization and differentiation,” Environmental Research Letters, pp. 1-13.
Prior, T. (2013). “Addressing Climate Vulnerability: Promoting the Participatory Rights of Indigenous Peoples and Women through Finnish Foreign Policy,” University of Lapland Printing Centre, pp. 11-16.
Silveira, A. (2016). “The multiple meanings of justice in the context of the transition to a low carbon economy,” a working paper presented at Cambridge Institute for Sustainability Leadership, University Cambridge, pp. 1-20.
Walsh, S. & Whalley, J. (2009). “Bridging the North-South Divide on Climate Post Copenhagen,” Centre for International Governance Innovation, 17, pp. 1-8.
(五) 網路資源
An initiative by SEEK Development. (2017). “Germany Donor Profile,” available from: https://donortracker.org/sites/default/files/donor_pdfs/DonorTracker_profile_Germany.pdf.
Appunn, K. & Russell, R. & Thalman, E. (2015). “Controversial climate summit issues –positions in Germany, ” Clean Energy Wire, available from: https://www.cleanenergywire.org/factsheets/controversial-climate-summit-issues-positions-germany.
“Aid Transparency Index 2018,” What You Fund, pp. 1-28, available from: www.publishwhatyoufund.org.
Bruno, K., Karliner, J. & Brotsky, C. (1999). “Greenhouse Gangsters vs. Climate Justice,” Transnational Resource and Action Center, available from: http://www.corpwatch.org/sites/default/files/Greenhouse%20Gangsters.pdf.
Chloé Farand. (2020). ”Merkel: don’t neglect climate finance to the world’s poor,” available from: https://www.climatechangenews.com/2020/04/28/merkel-dont-neglect-climate-finance-worlds-poor/.
“Climate Change Vulnerability Index 2017,” available from: https://reliefweb.int/sites/reliefweb.int/files/resources/verisk%20index.pdf.
CorpWatch. (2000). “Alternative Summit Opens With Call for Climate Justice,” available from: https://corpwatch.org/article/alternative-summit-opens-call-climate-justice.
Donor Tracker. “Germany is one of the world’s top donor countries to climate,” available from: https://donortracker.org/node/11142.
Ellen Thalman, Julian Wettengel, (2020). “The story of Climate Chancellor Angela Merkel,” Clean Energy Wire, available from: https://www.cleanenergywire.org/factsheets/making-climate-chancellor-angela-merkel.
Falconer, A. & Stadelmann, M. (2014). “What is climate finance? Definitions to improve tracking and scale up climate finance,” Climate Policy Initiative, available from: https://climatepolicyinitiative.org/publication/climate-finance-definitions-improve-tracking-scale-climate-finance/.
Farand, C. (2020). ”Merkel: don’t neglect climate finance to the world’s poor,” available from: https://www.climatechangenews.com/2020/04/28/merkel-dont-neglect-climate-finance-worlds-poor/.
Federal Ministry for Economic Cooperation and Development(BMZ). “How we work,” available from: https://health.bmz.de/ghpc/how-we-work/index.html.
Federal Ministry for the Environment, Nature Conservation and Nuclear Safety(BMU) “NDCs – a key tool for international climate change mitigation,” available from: https://www.international-climate-initiative.com/en/about-the-iki/ndcs.
Federal Ministry for the Environment, Nature Conservation, Building and Nuclear Safety(BMU). (2020). “Federal Environment Ministry launches new climate action support programme for global North-South cooperation,” available from: https://www.bmu.de/en/pressrelease/federal-environment-ministry-launches-new-climate-action-support-programme-for-global-north-south-co/.
Federal Ministry for the Environment, Nature Conservation, Building and Nuclear Safety(BMU). “Together for more environmental protection and climate action,” available from: https://www.bmu.de/en/topics/climate-energy/climate/.
Guardian, “Climate change will determine humanity`s destiny, says Angela Merkel,” available from: https://www.theguardian.com/environment/2017/nov/15/climate-change-will-determine-humanitys-destiny-says-angela-merkel.
King, E. (2012). “Merkel: equity means all states making equal efforts to fight climate change,” Climate Home News, available from: https://www.climatechangenews.com/2012/07/16/angela-merkel-tells-petersberg-climate-dialogue-that-equity-means-all-states-making-equal-efforts-to-fight-climate-change/.
Mahadeva, L. (2014). “The Oxford Approach – Operationalizing the UNFCCC Principle of Respective Capabilities,” European Capacity Building Initiative, available from: www.eurocapacity.org.
Mary Robinson Foundation. (2011). “The Geography of Climate Justice,” The Royal Irish Academy, available from: www.ria.ie/climatejustice.aspx.
Politico. (2020). “Merkel: Tackling climate change a matter of ‘survival,” available from: https://www.politico.eu/article/angela-merkel-climate-change-survival/.
Reuters. (2019). “I`m using all my strength to fight climate change, says Merkel,” available from: https://www.reuters.com/article/us-germany-climatechange-idUSKBN1YY1IF.
Submission to the Ad Hoc Working Group on the Durban Platform for Enhanced Action (ADP) by the Mary Robinson Foundation – Climate justice on March 01, 2013, available from: https://unfccc.int/resource/docs/2013/smsn/un/306.pdf.
Ted Talk by Mary Robinson. “Why climate change is a human rights issue,” available from: https://www.ted.com/talks/mary_robinson_why_climate_change_is_a_threat_to_human_rights?referrer=playlist-why_climate_change_is_a_human.
Thalman, E. & Wettengel, J. (2020). ”The story of Climate Chancellor Angela Merkel,“ Clean Energy Wire, available from: https://www.cleanenergywire.org/factsheets/making-climate-chancellor-angela-merkel.
The Federal Government. (2015). “Statement by Federal Chancellor Angela Merkel at the United Nations Climate Change Conference,” available from: https://www.bundesregierung.de/breg-en/issues/europe/statement-by-federal-chancellor-angela-merkel-at-the-united-nations-climate-change-conference-604934.
The Federal Government. “We must act today,” available from: https://www.bundesregierung.de/breg-en/issues/europe/-we-must-act-today--438666.
The Triple Injustice of Climate change. (n.d.). Retrieved July 15, 2018, available from: http://www.unesco.org/education/tlsf/mods/theme_c/popups/mod19t04s01.html.
Troilo, P. (2011). “Alleviating the confusion: Germany’s new aid structure and business model,” available from: https://www.devex.com/news/alleviating-the-confusion-germany-s-new-aid-structure-and-business-model-76022.
UNFCCC. (2013). “NAMA: International Climate Initiative,” available from: https://www4.unfccc.int/sites/PublicNAMA/_layouts/mobile/dispform.aspx?List=162696e7%2Dba65%2D46a5%2D8070%2D883d26e0df6b&View=fff371d2%2D781e%2D44c5%2Dbf33%2Dbef0c4e10dc7&ID=40.
Watson, C. & Schalatek, L. (2019). “The Global Climate Finance Architecture,” Climate Funds Update, available from: https://climatefundsupdate.org/about-climate-finance/global-climate-finance-architecture/.


三、德文書目
(一) 政府網站及出版品
Bundesministerium fuer wirtschaftliche Zusammenarbeit und Entwicklung(BMZ). (2019). “BMZ-Klimaengagement 2019,” available from: http://www.bmz.de/de/themen/klimaschutz/klimafinanzierung/.
Bund für Umwelt. (2019). “Bundposition Klimagerechtigkeit, ”available from: https://www.bund.net/fileadmin/user_upload_bund/publikationen/bund/position/klimagerechtigkeit_position.pdf.
Deutscher Bundestag. (2015). “Zur Informationspflichtigkeit der Deutschen Gesellschaft fuer Internationale Zusammenarbeit nach dem Informationsfreiheitsgesetz,” pp. 1-5, available from: https://www.bundestag.de/resource/blob/405540/21fab35ff71cd6c6ee8ae43234686f9b/WD-3-158-15-pdf-data.pdf.
Martens, J. (2014). “Gemeinsame Ziele – unterschiedliche Verantwortung/ Das Gerechtigkeitsprinzip in der Klima- und Post-2015-Verhandlungen,” Global Policy Forum Europe, pp. 1-49.
(二) 網路資源
Bundesministerium fuer wirtschaftliche Zusammenarbeit und Entwicklung. (2019).“Bilaterals und regionales Engagement,” available from: http://www.bmz.de/de/themen/klimaschutz/klimafinanzierung/.
Bundesministerium fuer wirtschaftliche Zusammenarbeit und Entwicklung. (2019).“Klimazahlen konkret- Methodik der BMZ-Berichterstattung,” available from: http://www.bmz.de/de/themen/klimaschutz/klimafinanzierung/.
“Deutsche Gesellschaft fuer Internationale Zusammenarbeit,” pp. 1-5, available from: https://www.gtai.de/gtai-de/trade/entwicklungsprojekte/geber/deutsche-gesellschaft-fuer-internationale-zusammenarbeit-73360.pdf.
Federal Ministry of the Environment, Nature Conservation, Building and Nuclear Safety(BMU). “Transparenz,” Internationale Klimaschutzinitiative, available from: https://www.international-climate-initiative.com/de/ueber-die-iki/transparenz.
Federal Ministry for the Environment, Nature Conservation, Building and Nuclear Safety(BMU), “Erhalt natürlicher Kohlenstoffsenken/REDD+,” available from: https://www.international-climate-initiative.com/de/themen/natuerliche-kohlenstoffsenken-/-redd.
Federal Ministry for the Environment, Nature Conservation, Building and Nuclear Safety(BMU). (2020). “Gender-Gerechtigkeit in der Klimadebatte,” available from: https://www.international-climate-initiative.com/de/details/project/gendergerechtigkeit-in-der-klimadebatte-08_I_013-82.
“Förderauftrag und Geschichte,” available from: https://www.kfw.de/KfW-Konzern/F%C3%B6rderauftrag-und-Geschichte/.
“Gesetz ueber die Kreditanstalt fuer Wiederaufbau,” pp. 1-7, available from: https://www.gesetze-im-internet.de/kredanstwiag/KredAnstWiAG.pdf.
描述 碩士
國立政治大學
外交學系
107253007
資料來源 http://thesis.lib.nccu.edu.tw/record/#G0107253007
資料類型 thesis
dc.contributor.advisor 楊文琪zh_TW
dc.contributor.author (Authors) 陳韻如zh_TW
dc.contributor.author (Authors) Chen, Yun-Juen_US
dc.creator (作者) 陳韻如zh_TW
dc.creator (作者) Chen, Yun-Juen_US
dc.date (日期) 2020en_US
dc.date.accessioned 1-Feb-2021 14:27:17 (UTC+8)-
dc.date.available 1-Feb-2021 14:27:17 (UTC+8)-
dc.date.issued (上傳時間) 1-Feb-2021 14:27:17 (UTC+8)-
dc.identifier (Other Identifiers) G0107253007en_US
dc.identifier.uri (URI) http://nccur.lib.nccu.edu.tw/handle/140.119/133965-
dc.description (描述) 碩士zh_TW
dc.description (描述) 國立政治大學zh_TW
dc.description (描述) 外交學系zh_TW
dc.description (描述) 107253007zh_TW
dc.description.abstract (摘要) 氣候變遷對全世界數百萬甚至數十億人的人權產生深遠影響，一般來說，那些最容易受到氣候影響的人民很少造成地球環境的負擔，而他們在資源已經很少的情況下，卻又要為氣候變遷付出巨大代價，因而產生氣候正義的問題。其中，已開發國家排放溫室氣體所引發的「負外部性」是其中最不公不義之處。然而，氣候變遷是一全球現象，需要的是全球共同努力。有鑑於此，已開發國家透過氣候財務機制援助他國日益頻繁之際，本文以氣候正義評估指標作為分析框架，考察德國氣候財務機制是否符合氣候正義原則。

氣候變遷不僅是科學和經濟問題，同時也是倫理道德問題；倫理道德又與氣候正義息息相關，處理的是責任的分配與能力的負擔；其分為分配正義、程序正義、代際正義三個面向，若不能同時符合三者之標準，就無法實現學者羅爾斯之公平正義原則。本核心研究問題為德國氣候財務機制是否符合氣候正義原則，筆者透過導引出的初探性氣候正義評估指標框架與氣候財務機制分析二部曲，將理論與實務結合應用在德國氣候財務機制，並依以上基礎，評估氣候正義操作化結果，以供未來相關氣候資金機制設計者有建設性的參考。		zh_TW
dc.description.abstract (摘要) Climate change has a profound impact on human rights. Generally speaking, those people who are most vulnerable to climate change rarely burden the earth`s environment. At the same time, it has to pay a huge price for climate change, which has created the issue of climate justice. In view of this, as developed countries use climate finance mechanisms to aid other countries more and more frequently, this article uses climate justice evaluation indicator as an analysis framework to examine whether Germany`s climate finance mechanism complies with climate justice principles.

Climate change is not only a scientific and economic issue, but also an ethical issue. Ethics and morality are closely related to climate justice, dealing with the distribution of responsibilities and the burden of capacity; it is divided into three aspects: distributive justice, procedural justice, and intergenerational justice. If the standards of the three cannot be met at the same time, the principle of fairness and justice of Rawls cannot be realized. On the basis of the above, whether the German climate financial mechanism complies with the principles of climate justice is this paper’s core research question. Hope the operational indicators and evaluation of climate justice framework can give future scholars constructive reference of designing relevant climate finance mechanisms.		en_US
dc.description.tableofcontents 第一章 緒論 1
第一節 研究背景與動機 1
第二節 研究目的與問題 5
第三節 研究方法 7
第四節 研究範圍與限制 8
第二章 羅爾斯哲學理論與氣候正義 10
第一節 氣候變遷導致不成比例的影響 12
第二節 氣候變遷和人權息息相關 15
第三節 氣候正義的發展與定義 21
第四節 圖像化氣候正義 26
第三章 氣候正義三面向 30
第一節 分配正義 31
第二節 程序正義 48
第三節 代際正義 60
第四節 氣候正義評估指標框架 71
第四章 案例研究：德國氣候財務機制 74
第一節 財務機制的發展型態與制度功能 74
第二節 德國氣候財務機制之運作與特點 88
第三節 評估國際氣候倡議是否符合氣候正義 101
第五章 結論 114
第一節 研究發現 114
第二節 研究建議 118
參考書目 121		zh_TW
dc.format.extent 3750854 bytes-
dc.format.mimetype application/pdf-
dc.source.uri (資料來源) http://thesis.lib.nccu.edu.tw/record/#G0107253007en_US
dc.subject (關鍵詞) 氣候正義zh_TW
dc.subject (關鍵詞) 分配正義zh_TW
dc.subject (關鍵詞) 程序正義zh_TW
dc.subject (關鍵詞) 代際正義zh_TW
dc.subject (關鍵詞) 羅爾斯正義論zh_TW
dc.subject (關鍵詞) 氣候財務機制zh_TW
dc.subject (關鍵詞) Climate justiceen_US
dc.subject (關鍵詞) Distributive justiceen_US
dc.subject (關鍵詞) Procedural justiceen_US
dc.subject (關鍵詞) Intergenerational justiceen_US
dc.subject (關鍵詞) Theory of justiceen_US
dc.subject (關鍵詞) Climate finance mechanismen_US
dc.title (題名) 從氣候正義看德國氣候財務機制zh_TW
dc.title (題名) Germany Climate Finance Mechanism from the Perspective of Climate Justiceen_US
dc.type (資料類型) thesisen_US
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 中文書目
(一) 政府網站、報告及出版品
楊文琪，氣候變遷資金機制之研究-兼論對台灣之適用性(科技部研究報告(計畫編號：108-2410-H-004 -005 -，2020)。
(二) 專書
王雲東著(2017)，《社會研究方法：量化與質性取向及其應用》，第三版(新北市深坑區：揚志文化。
李少軍、杜麗燕、張虹譯，John Rawls著，正義論(台北：桂冠，2002年)。
施文真(2014)，〈氣候變遷減緩與調適措施的財務機制〉，收錄於葉俊榮主編《氣候變遷的制度因應：決策、財務與規範》(台北：台大出版中心)。
施文真(2014)，〈由雙邊氣候變遷財務機制論我國外援政策可能之發展〉，收錄於葉俊榮主編《氣候變遷的制度因應：決策、財務與規範》(台北：台大出版中心)，。
葉俊榮(2015)，〈氣候變遷的調適與財務機制〉，收錄於葉俊榮主編《氣候變遷治理與法律》(台北：台大出版中心)。
葉俊榮(2015)，〈氣候變遷的全球治理〉，收錄於葉俊榮主編《氣候變遷治理與法律》(台北：台大出版中心)。
(三) 期刊
王力(2016)，「歐盟氣候治理體系之發展與挑戰」，防災科學，第1期，頁93-106頁。
李河清(2004)，「知識社群與全球氣候談判」，問題與研究，第43卷第6期，頁73-102。
邱君平、鄒菲，「關於內容分析法的研究」，中國圖書館學報(雙月刊)，第30卷第150期，頁12-17。
施文真(2015)，「天助自助者？國家基金作為氣候變遷之財務機制的個案分析以及對我國之啟示」，國際政治與經濟論叢，第3期，頁1-37。
黃之棟、黃瑞祺(2010)，「全球暖化與氣候正義：一項科技與社會的分析—環境正義面面觀之二」，鄱陽湖學刊，第五期，頁27-39。
楊惟任(2014)，「國際氣候政治的爭論：氣候正義的觀點」，遠景基金會季刊，第15卷第1期，頁141-165。
楊惟任(2016)，「道德與氣候變遷」，環境與管理研究，第17卷第2期，頁31-52。
楊惟任(2017)，「巴黎氣候談判與協議分析」，問題與研究，第56卷第1期，頁31-52。
閻亢宗(2016)，「全球氣候正義—氣候變遷問題的過去、現在與未來」，康大學報，第六卷，頁107-110。
羅時芳、吳周燕(2011)「氣候變遷調適財務援助機制研析」，農業與資源經濟台灣農業與資源經濟學會，第8卷第2期，頁57-70。
譚偉恩、郭映庭(2018)，「多邊主義合作的空洞化：論全球暖化治理中『裂解模式』的興起」，國際關係學報，第45期，頁21。
(四) 網路資源
陳巾眉(2012)，「溫室氣體會滯留在大氣中多久？」，環境資訊中心，網址： https://e-info.org.tw/node/74419。
環境資訊中心，「德氣候內閣529宣告：2021全面碳價元年」，參考網址： https://e-info.org.tw/node/224737。
環境品質文教基金會，「巴黎協定中NDC的國際法效力與台灣」，參考網址：http://www.eqpf.org/envinews/epContent.aspx?dsn=282&cId=1。
二、英文書目
(一) 政府網站及出版品
Abbott, K.,W. & Gartner, D. (2011). “The Green Climate Fund and the Future of Environmental Governance,” EARTH System Governance Working Paper No. 16.
Allan, J. (2017). “From Bali to Marrakech: A Decade of International Climate Negotiations,” Earth Negotiations Bulletin & International Institute for Sustainable Development(IISD), pp. 1-116, available from: https://www.iisd.org/system/files/publications/bali-marrakech-decade-international-climate-negotiations.pdf.
Bhardwaj, M. (2018). “The role and relationship of climate justice and common but differentiated responsibilities & respective capabilities(CBDR-RC) principle in the international climate change legal framework,” Public Policy and Human Development, available from: https://www.connect4climate.org/sites/default/files/files/publications/Climate%20Justice_Manuj%20Bhardwaj%20India_0.pdf.
Bohnet, M., et al. (2018). “Scope and Structure of German Official Development Assistance: Trends and Implications for the BMZ and Other Ministries,” German Development Institute, available from: https://www.die-gdi.de/uploads/media/BP_16.2018.pdf.
Boom, K., et al. (2016). Climate Justice, Heinrich Boell Stiftung, pp. 6-8, available from: https://www.boell.de/sites/default/files/report-climate-justice-2016.pdf.
Cameron, E., et al. (2013). “Climate Justice: Equity and Justice Informing A New Climate Agreement,” Working paper by World Resources Institute & Mary Robinson Foundation, pp. 1-28.
Cameron, E. (2011). “Development, Climate Change and Human Rights from the Margins to the Mainstream?,” Social Development Papers-Social Dimensions of Climate Change, Paper No. 123.
CRS Report for Congress. (2002). “Developing Countries: Definitions, Concepts and Comparisons,” available from: https://www.everycrsreport.com/files/20021206_RL31662_e027b76c031d8532c67726eaf62662c27fb8d24b.pdf.
Earth Negotiation Bulletin. (2019). “The State of Global Environmental Governance 2019,” available from: http://www.iisd.org/library/environmental-governance-2019.
Eckstein, D., et al., (2020). “Global Climate Risk Index 2020 - Who Suffers Most from extreme weather events? Weather-Related Loss Events in 2018 and 1999 to 2018,” German watch, available from: https://www.germanwatch.org/sites/germanwatch.org/files/20-2-01e%20Global%20Climate%20Risk%20Index%202020_14.pdf.
Esrin, D. & Kennedy, H. (2014). “Climate Change Justice and Human Rights Task Force, Achieving Justice and Human Rights in an Era of Climate Disruption,” International Bar Association (IBA).
Federal Ministry for Economic Cooperation and Development(BMZ). (2015). “International climate finance: Germany’s contribution,” available from: https://www.bmz.de/en/publications/topics/climate/climate_finance.pdf.
Federal Ministry for Economic Cooperation and Development(BMZ). (2017). “Financing climate action-Germany as a responsible partner,” available from: https://www.bmz.de/de/zentrales_downloadarchiv/cop23/climate_finance/Financing_Climate_Action_Germany_as_a_responsible_partner_2017_BMZ.pdf.
Federal Ministry for Economic Cooperation and Development(BMZ). (2017). “Adaptation to Climate Change- Promising Ways to Tackle Climate Risks,” pp. 15-16.
Federal Ministry for the Environment, Nature Conservation, Building and Nuclear Safety(BMU). (2011). “Germany’s International Approach to Climate Change- Spotlight on Africa,” pp.6-10.
Federal Ministry for the Environment, Nature Conservation, Building and Nuclear Safety(BMU). (2013). “The International Climate Initiative Innovative Financing for Climate Protection,” available from: https://www.international-climate-initiative.com/fileadmin/Dokumente/iki_flyer.pdf.
Federal Ministry for the Environment, Nature Conservation, Building and Nuclear Safety (BMU). (2017). “Germany´s Third Biennial Report under the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change 2017,” UNFCCC, available from: http://unfccc.int/files/national_reports/biennial_reports_and_iar/submitted_biennial_reports/application/pdf/65021783_germany-br3-1-171220_3__biennial_report_to_unfccc.pdf.
Federal Ministry for the Environment, Nature Conservation, Building and Nuclear Safety(BMU). (2017). “Building Capacity Transparency and MRV,” available from: www.international-climate-initiative.com.
Federal Ministry for the Environment, Nature Conservation, Building and Nuclear Safety(BMU). (2018). “Action in Figures – Facts, Trends and Incentives for German Climate Policy 2018 edition,” available from: https://www.bmu.de/fileadmin/Daten_BMU/Pools/Broschueren/klimaschutz_in_zahlen_2018_en_bf.pdf.
Federal Ministry for the Environment, Nature Conservation, Building and Nuclear Safety (BMU). (2019). “Germany´s Fourth Biennial Report on Climate Change under the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change 2020,” UNFCCC.
Federal Ministry for the Environment, Nature Conservation, Building and Nuclear Safety(BMU). (2019). “Guidelines on results-based project/programme planning and monitoring in the International Climate Initiative (IKI),” available from: https://www.international-climate-initiative.com/fileadmin/Dokumente/2019/20190503_Guidelines_on_project_and_programme_planning.pdf.
Federal Ministry for the Environment, Nature Conservation, Building and Nuclear Safety(BMU). (2020). “Sharing experiences-managing innovations- International Climate Initiative from 2017 to 2019”.
Forstater, M. (2012). “Towards Climate Finance Transparency,” aidinfo and What You Fund, available from: https://www.publishwhatyoufund.org/files/Towards-Climate-Finance-Transparency_Final.pdf.
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Hens, L. (2005). “The rio declaration on environment and development,” Regional sustainable development review: Africa. Oxford, UK, Eolss Publishers, available from: https://www.un.org/en/development/desa/population/migration/generalassembly/docs/globalcompact/A_CONF.151_26_Vol.I_Declaration.pdf.
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Kirchmeier, F. (2006). “The right to development: Where do we stand,” Dialogue on Globalization Occasional Papers.
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Raworth, K. (2008). “Climate Wrongs and Human Rights: Putting people at the heart of climate change policy,” Oxfam International Briefing Paper, 117, pp. 1-34.
Rüb, F. & Heinemann, F. & Zohlnhöfer, R. (2018). “Germany Report-Sustainable Governance Indicators 2018,” Bertelsmann Stiftung. pp. 68-69, available from: https://www.sgi-network.org/docs/2018/country/SGI2018_Germany.pdf.
Schalatek, L. (2019). “Gender and Climate Finance,” Climate Funds Update, available from: https://www.germanclimatefinance.de/files/2020/01/CFF10-2019-ENG-DIGITAL.pdf.
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(二) 專書
Bryner, G. & Duffy, R. J. (2012). “Integrating Climate, Energy, and Air Pollution Policies,” Cambridge: The MIT Press.
Chasek & Pamela, et, al. “Actors in the Environmental Arena,” Global Environmental Politics, Seventh Edition, (Westview Press, Boulder: Colorado), pp. 51-104.
Cox, R. (2012). “Environmental justice, climate justice, and the green jobs movement,” chapter 9 in Environmental Movement and Campaigns, pp. 245-281, available from: https://www.sagepub.com/sites/default/files/upm-binaries/47779_ch_9.pdf.
Cropanzano, R. & Ambrose, M. (2001). “Procedual and distributive justice are more similar than you think: A monistic perspective and a research data,” chapter 4 in Advances in Organizational Justice(Stanford University Press), pp. 119-150.
Duyck, S. (2015). “The Paris Climate Agreement and the Protection of Human Rights in a Changing Climate,” Yearbook of International Environmental Law, 26, pp. 3-45.
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Tokar, B. (2014). “Movements For Climate Justice In The US And Worldwide,” Handbook of Climate, pp. 135-136.
Weijers, W., et al. (2010). “Sharing the responsibility of dealing with climate change: Interpreting the principle of common but differentiated responsibilities,” chapter 8 in Public Policy: Why ethics matters, pp. 141-158.
(三) 期刊
Adams, B. & Luchsinger, G. & UN. Non-Governmental Liaison Service. (2009). “Climate Justice for a Changing Planet: A Primer for Policy Makers and NGOs,” Political Science, pp. 1-32.
Barker, T. & Scrieciu, S. (2008). “Climate Change, Social Justice and Development,” Development, 51, pp. 317-324.
Barrett, S. (2014). “Subnational Climate Justice? Adaptation Finance Distribution and Climate Vulnerability,” World Development, 58, pp. 130-142.
Basak, R. & Werf, E., V., D. (2019). “Accountability mechanisms in international climate change financing,” International Environmental Agreements, 19, pp. 297-313.
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Blicharska, M., et al. (2017). “Steps to overcome the North-South divide in research relevant to climate change policy and practice,” Nature Climate Change, 7, pp. 21-27.
Boyle, A. (2018). “Climate Change, The Paris Agreement And Human Rights,” The International and Comparative Law Quarterly, 67(4), pp. 759-777.
Brincat, S. (2015). “Global Climate Change Justice: From Rawls’ Law of Peoples to Honneth’s Conditions of Freedom,” Environmental ethics, 37, pp. 277-305.
Brooks, T. (2013). “Climate Change Justice,” Political Science & Politics, 46(1), pp. 9-12.
Cameron, E. & Limon, M. (2012). “Restoring the Climate by Realizing Rights: The Role of the International Human Rights System,” Reciel, 21(3), pp. 204-219.
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(四) 碩博士論文
Agarwal, A. & Narain, S. (2003). “Global Warming in an unequal world, a case of environmental colonialism,” Centre For Science and Environment.
Durkin, A. (2016). “The Development of a Preference for Procedural Justice,” Yale University, pp. 24.
Friman, M. (2013). “Historical responsibility: Assessing the past in international climate Negotiations,” Linkoeping University, Department of Thematic Studies in Arts and Science, pp. 1-71.
King, D., et, al. (2012). “The response of China, India and Brazil to climate change: a perspective for South Africa,” Centre for Development and Enterprise by Smith School of Enterprise and the Environment, University of Oxford.
MacGregor, S. & Szerszynski, B. (2003). “Environmental Citizenship and the Administration of Life,” paper presented at “Citizenship and the Environment” Workshop, Newcastle University, pp. 4-6.
Mulgaonkar, P. “Toward a Climate Justice Frame: How Social Movement Organizations Articulate Climate Change,” Honors Thesis in Environmental Studies, New York University, College of Arts and Science, Undergraduate., pp. 11.
Perez, A., et al. (2015). “Evolution of the environmental justice movement: activism, formalization and differentiation,” Environmental Research Letters, pp. 1-13.
Prior, T. (2013). “Addressing Climate Vulnerability: Promoting the Participatory Rights of Indigenous Peoples and Women through Finnish Foreign Policy,” University of Lapland Printing Centre, pp. 11-16.
Silveira, A. (2016). “The multiple meanings of justice in the context of the transition to a low carbon economy,” a working paper presented at Cambridge Institute for Sustainability Leadership, University Cambridge, pp. 1-20.
Walsh, S. & Whalley, J. (2009). “Bridging the North-South Divide on Climate Post Copenhagen,” Centre for International Governance Innovation, 17, pp. 1-8.
(五) 網路資源
An initiative by SEEK Development. (2017). “Germany Donor Profile,” available from: https://donortracker.org/sites/default/files/donor_pdfs/DonorTracker_profile_Germany.pdf.
Appunn, K. & Russell, R. & Thalman, E. (2015). “Controversial climate summit issues –positions in Germany, ” Clean Energy Wire, available from: https://www.cleanenergywire.org/factsheets/controversial-climate-summit-issues-positions-germany.
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Ellen Thalman, Julian Wettengel, (2020). “The story of Climate Chancellor Angela Merkel,” Clean Energy Wire, available from: https://www.cleanenergywire.org/factsheets/making-climate-chancellor-angela-merkel.
Falconer, A. & Stadelmann, M. (2014). “What is climate finance? Definitions to improve tracking and scale up climate finance,” Climate Policy Initiative, available from: https://climatepolicyinitiative.org/publication/climate-finance-definitions-improve-tracking-scale-climate-finance/.
Farand, C. (2020). ”Merkel: don’t neglect climate finance to the world’s poor,” available from: https://www.climatechangenews.com/2020/04/28/merkel-dont-neglect-climate-finance-worlds-poor/.
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Guardian, “Climate change will determine humanity`s destiny, says Angela Merkel,” available from: https://www.theguardian.com/environment/2017/nov/15/climate-change-will-determine-humanitys-destiny-says-angela-merkel.
King, E. (2012). “Merkel: equity means all states making equal efforts to fight climate change,” Climate Home News, available from: https://www.climatechangenews.com/2012/07/16/angela-merkel-tells-petersberg-climate-dialogue-that-equity-means-all-states-making-equal-efforts-to-fight-climate-change/.
Mahadeva, L. (2014). “The Oxford Approach – Operationalizing the UNFCCC Principle of Respective Capabilities,” European Capacity Building Initiative, available from: www.eurocapacity.org.
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Ted Talk by Mary Robinson. “Why climate change is a human rights issue,” available from: https://www.ted.com/talks/mary_robinson_why_climate_change_is_a_threat_to_human_rights?referrer=playlist-why_climate_change_is_a_human.
Thalman, E. & Wettengel, J. (2020). ”The story of Climate Chancellor Angela Merkel,“ Clean Energy Wire, available from: https://www.cleanenergywire.org/factsheets/making-climate-chancellor-angela-merkel.
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The Federal Government. “We must act today,” available from: https://www.bundesregierung.de/breg-en/issues/europe/-we-must-act-today--438666.
The Triple Injustice of Climate change. (n.d.). Retrieved July 15, 2018, available from: http://www.unesco.org/education/tlsf/mods/theme_c/popups/mod19t04s01.html.
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Watson, C. & Schalatek, L. (2019). “The Global Climate Finance Architecture,” Climate Funds Update, available from: https://climatefundsupdate.org/about-climate-finance/global-climate-finance-architecture/.


三、德文書目
(一) 政府網站及出版品
Bundesministerium fuer wirtschaftliche Zusammenarbeit und Entwicklung(BMZ). (2019). “BMZ-Klimaengagement 2019,” available from: http://www.bmz.de/de/themen/klimaschutz/klimafinanzierung/.
Bund für Umwelt. (2019). “Bundposition Klimagerechtigkeit, ”available from: https://www.bund.net/fileadmin/user_upload_bund/publikationen/bund/position/klimagerechtigkeit_position.pdf.
Deutscher Bundestag. (2015). “Zur Informationspflichtigkeit der Deutschen Gesellschaft fuer Internationale Zusammenarbeit nach dem Informationsfreiheitsgesetz,” pp. 1-5, available from: https://www.bundestag.de/resource/blob/405540/21fab35ff71cd6c6ee8ae43234686f9b/WD-3-158-15-pdf-data.pdf.
Martens, J. (2014). “Gemeinsame Ziele – unterschiedliche Verantwortung/ Das Gerechtigkeitsprinzip in der Klima- und Post-2015-Verhandlungen,” Global Policy Forum Europe, pp. 1-49.
(二) 網路資源
Bundesministerium fuer wirtschaftliche Zusammenarbeit und Entwicklung. (2019).“Bilaterals und regionales Engagement,” available from: http://www.bmz.de/de/themen/klimaschutz/klimafinanzierung/.
Bundesministerium fuer wirtschaftliche Zusammenarbeit und Entwicklung. (2019).“Klimazahlen konkret- Methodik der BMZ-Berichterstattung,” available from: http://www.bmz.de/de/themen/klimaschutz/klimafinanzierung/.
“Deutsche Gesellschaft fuer Internationale Zusammenarbeit,” pp. 1-5, available from: https://www.gtai.de/gtai-de/trade/entwicklungsprojekte/geber/deutsche-gesellschaft-fuer-internationale-zusammenarbeit-73360.pdf.
Federal Ministry of the Environment, Nature Conservation, Building and Nuclear Safety(BMU). “Transparenz,” Internationale Klimaschutzinitiative, available from: https://www.international-climate-initiative.com/de/ueber-die-iki/transparenz.
Federal Ministry for the Environment, Nature Conservation, Building and Nuclear Safety(BMU), “Erhalt natürlicher Kohlenstoffsenken/REDD+,” available from: https://www.international-climate-initiative.com/de/themen/natuerliche-kohlenstoffsenken-/-redd.
Federal Ministry for the Environment, Nature Conservation, Building and Nuclear Safety(BMU). (2020). “Gender-Gerechtigkeit in der Klimadebatte,” available from: https://www.international-climate-initiative.com/de/details/project/gendergerechtigkeit-in-der-klimadebatte-08_I_013-82.
“Förderauftrag und Geschichte,” available from: https://www.kfw.de/KfW-Konzern/F%C3%B6rderauftrag-und-Geschichte/.
“Gesetz ueber die Kreditanstalt fuer Wiederaufbau,” pp. 1-7, available from: https://www.gesetze-im-internet.de/kredanstwiag/KredAnstWiAG.pdf.		zh_TW
dc.identifier.doi (DOI) 10.6814/NCCU202100012en_US