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題名 論BBNJ協定發展對鋪設海底電纜和管道自由之影響
A Study on the Development of BBNJ Agreement’ s Impacts on Freedom to Lay Submarine Cables and Pipelines作者 林聖堯
Lin, Sheng-Yao貢獻者 陳貞如
Chen, Chen-Ju
林聖堯
Lin, Sheng-Yao關鍵詞 聯合國海洋法公約
國家管轄外區域
海洋生物多樣性
鋪設海底電纜和管道之自由
環境影響評估
以區域為基礎的管理工具
United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea
Areas Beyond National Jurisdiction
Marine Biological Diversity
Freedom to Lay Submarine Cables and Pipelines
Environmental Impact Assessment
Area-based Management Tools日期 2021 上傳時間 2-Mar-2021 14:49:29 (UTC+8) 摘要 有鑑於聯合國關於國家管轄範圍外區域海洋生物多樣性的養護與永續利用之議題已確定將以具法律拘束力之國際文件的形式出現，並進入最後談判階段，國際海洋秩序勢必受到影響。本文旨在就國家管轄範圍外區域生物多樣性的養護與永續利用的發展，以及該發展可能對公海自由帶來之影響進行研究，特別以鋪設海底電纜和管道之自由為例。 全文首先從全球性規範與區域性規範的角度探討當前關於國家管轄範圍外區域有關海洋環境保護規範的實踐以及不足，並進而討論當前聯合國關於該議題的發展。再者，釐清關於鋪設海底電纜和管道的法律規範後，就目前草案中可能造成影響的規範進行討論，主要針對環境影響評估以及以區域為基礎的管理工具進行分析。 本文認為有關海底電纜與管道的規範有分開討論之必要。根據新協定的草案以及兩項活動的本質來看，草案中的規範應不致對海底電纜及相關活動享有的公海自由造成影響，然而由於海底管道對於海洋環境的潛在威脅，不論在鋪設或是維修活動受到更嚴格的限制則是可預期的。
The issue of the conservation and sustainable use of marine biological diversity of areas beyond national jurisdiction will appear as an international legally binding instrument under the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea and the negotiation is about to reach its final conclusion. Once the instrument is officially established, it may impact the international maritime order. The study aims to discuss the development of marine biological diversity of areas beyond national jurisdiction and its impact on high sea freedom, especially on the freedom to lay submarine cables and pipelines.The thesis firstly reviewed practices and gaps of current international and regional regulations applicable to areas beyond national jurisdiction and further discussed the development of the issue of the conservation and sustainable use of marine biological diversity of areas beyond national jurisdiction. Furthermore, after clarifying the legal regime of laying submarine cables and pipelines, the article analyzed the regulations of the instrument that might cause impacts on laying submarine cables and pipelines, mainly focus on environmental impact assessment and area-based management tools.The study argued that regulations governing submarine cables and pipelines should be discussed separately. According to the instrument and the nature of these two activities, regulations of the zero-draft may not hinder the freedom to lay submarine cables and related activities. 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國立政治大學
外交學系
105253014資料來源 http://thesis.lib.nccu.edu.tw/record/#G0105253014 資料類型 thesis dc.contributor.advisor 陳貞如 zh_TW dc.contributor.advisor Chen, Chen-Ju en_US dc.contributor.author (Authors) 林聖堯 zh_TW dc.contributor.author (Authors) Lin, Sheng-Yao en_US dc.creator (作者) 林聖堯 zh_TW dc.creator (作者) Lin, Sheng-Yao en_US dc.date (日期) 2021 en_US dc.date.accessioned 2-Mar-2021 14:49:29 (UTC+8) - dc.date.available 2-Mar-2021 14:49:29 (UTC+8) - dc.date.issued (上傳時間) 2-Mar-2021 14:49:29 (UTC+8) - dc.identifier (Other Identifiers) G0105253014 en_US dc.identifier.uri (URI) http://nccur.lib.nccu.edu.tw/handle/140.119/134172 - dc.description (描述) 碩士 zh_TW dc.description (描述) 國立政治大學 zh_TW dc.description (描述) 外交學系 zh_TW dc.description (描述) 105253014 zh_TW dc.description.abstract (摘要) 有鑑於聯合國關於國家管轄範圍外區域海洋生物多樣性的養護與永續利用之議題已確定將以具法律拘束力之國際文件的形式出現，並進入最後談判階段，國際海洋秩序勢必受到影響。本文旨在就國家管轄範圍外區域生物多樣性的養護與永續利用的發展，以及該發展可能對公海自由帶來之影響進行研究，特別以鋪設海底電纜和管道之自由為例。 全文首先從全球性規範與區域性規範的角度探討當前關於國家管轄範圍外區域有關海洋環境保護規範的實踐以及不足，並進而討論當前聯合國關於該議題的發展。再者，釐清關於鋪設海底電纜和管道的法律規範後，就目前草案中可能造成影響的規範進行討論，主要針對環境影響評估以及以區域為基礎的管理工具進行分析。 本文認為有關海底電纜與管道的規範有分開討論之必要。根據新協定的草案以及兩項活動的本質來看，草案中的規範應不致對海底電纜及相關活動享有的公海自由造成影響，然而由於海底管道對於海洋環境的潛在威脅，不論在鋪設或是維修活動受到更嚴格的限制則是可預期的。 zh_TW dc.description.abstract (摘要) The issue of the conservation and sustainable use of marine biological diversity of areas beyond national jurisdiction will appear as an international legally binding instrument under the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea and the negotiation is about to reach its final conclusion. Once the instrument is officially established, it may impact the international maritime order. The study aims to discuss the development of marine biological diversity of areas beyond national jurisdiction and its impact on high sea freedom, especially on the freedom to lay submarine cables and pipelines.The thesis firstly reviewed practices and gaps of current international and regional regulations applicable to areas beyond national jurisdiction and further discussed the development of the issue of the conservation and sustainable use of marine biological diversity of areas beyond national jurisdiction. Furthermore, after clarifying the legal regime of laying submarine cables and pipelines, the article analyzed the regulations of the instrument that might cause impacts on laying submarine cables and pipelines, mainly focus on environmental impact assessment and area-based management tools.The study argued that regulations governing submarine cables and pipelines should be discussed separately. According to the instrument and the nature of these two activities, regulations of the zero-draft may not hinder the freedom to lay submarine cables and related activities. However, because of the potential threat to the marine environment, the instrument is expected to impose more restrictions on the freedom to lay submarine pipelines. en_US dc.description.tableofcontents 第一章 緒論 1第一節 研究背景 1第一項 海洋環境的保護與保全 2第二項 海洋生物多樣性的重要性及其養護之發展 9第三項 人類活動對海洋生物多樣性之影響 14第四項 海底電纜、管道與海洋環境 19第二節 研究動機 24第三節 研究目的 25第四節 研究設計 26第一項 研究範圍 26第二項 研究方法 27第三項 研究架構 27第四項 研究限制 28第二章 關於國家管轄範圍外區域海洋環境與生物多樣性養護之國際規範 29第一節 國家管轄範圍外區域的範圍與法律性質 29第一項 公海 29第二項 「區域」 31第二節 全球性規範 33第一項 《聯合國海洋法公約》 33第二項 《生物多樣性公約》 40第三節 區域性規範 46第一項 地中海 47第二項 東北大西洋 50第三項 南太平洋 53第四項 南極 56第四節 小結 60第三章 國家管轄範圍外區域海洋生物多樣性的養護與永續利用執行協定之發展 63第一節 開放非正式特設工作小組 64第二節 實質性議題 67第一項 海洋遺傳資源與惠益分享 67第二項 包括海洋保護區的以區域為基礎的管理工具 72第三項 環境影響評估 75第四項 能力建設及海洋技術轉 78第三節 籌備委員會 81第一項 第一次會議 81第二項 第二次會議 85第三項 第三次會議 88第四項 第四次會議 91第四節 政府間大會 94第一項 第一次會議 94第二項 第二次會議 98第三項 第三次會議 102第五節 小節 106第四章 關於鋪設海底電纜與管道的法律制度 108第一節 海底電纜 108第一項 非海洋法體系 109第二項 海洋法體系 110第二節 海底管道 117第一項 非海洋法體系 118第二項 海洋法體系 120第三節 BBNJ談判中的爭議 123第一項 關於電纜與管道之爭議 123第二項 國際電纜保護委員會立場 123第四節 小結 126第五章 國家管轄範圍外區域的環境影響評估 129第一節 基本概念 129第一項 定義 129第二項 國際規範中的環境影響評估 130第三項 習慣國際法中的環境影響評估：紙漿廠案 141第二節 關於海底電纜管道與環境影響評估的實踐 143第一項 《聯合國海洋法公約》第二Ｏ六條之適用 143第二項 海底電纜與管道環境影響評估之實踐 144第三節 BBNJ協定中涉及環境影響評估之規範 148第一項 約文草案內容 148第二項 約文草案關於環境影響評估可能之影響分析 151第四節 小結 154第六章 國家管轄範圍外區域的以區域為基礎的管理工具 156第一節 基本概念 156第一項 定義 156第二項 ABMTs的法律基礎 161第三項 國際規範中的ABMTs 163第二節 關於海底電纜管道與ABMTs的實踐 175第一項 海底電纜 175第二項 海底管道 177第三節 BBNJ協定中涉及之規範及可能之影響 178第一項 約文草案內容 178第二項 約文草案關於ABMTs可能影響分析 181第四節 小結 183第七章 結論 185參考文獻 188附錄 210 zh_TW dc.format.extent 5263396 bytes - dc.format.mimetype application/pdf - dc.source.uri (資料來源) http://thesis.lib.nccu.edu.tw/record/#G0105253014 en_US dc.subject (關鍵詞) 聯合國海洋法公約 zh_TW dc.subject (關鍵詞) 國家管轄外區域 zh_TW dc.subject (關鍵詞) 海洋生物多樣性 zh_TW dc.subject (關鍵詞) 鋪設海底電纜和管道之自由 zh_TW dc.subject (關鍵詞) 環境影響評估 zh_TW dc.subject (關鍵詞) 以區域為基礎的管理工具 zh_TW dc.subject (關鍵詞) United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea en_US dc.subject (關鍵詞) Areas Beyond National Jurisdiction en_US dc.subject (關鍵詞) Marine Biological Diversity en_US dc.subject (關鍵詞) Freedom to Lay Submarine Cables and Pipelines en_US dc.subject (關鍵詞) Environmental Impact Assessment en_US dc.subject (關鍵詞) Area-based Management Tools en_US dc.title (題名) 論BBNJ協定發展對鋪設海底電纜和管道自由之影響 zh_TW dc.title (題名) A Study on the Development of BBNJ Agreement’ s Impacts on Freedom to Lay Submarine Cables and Pipelines en_US dc.type (資料類型) thesis en_US dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 一、 中文文獻（一） 專書李耀芳，國際環境法緣起，（廣州：中山大學出版社，2002）姜皇池，國際海洋法（上冊）（台北：新學林，2018）姜皇池，國際海洋法（下冊），（台北：新學林，2018）秦天寶，生物多樣性國際法導論（台北：元照，2010）（二） 期刊田中則夫，「保護海洋生物多樣性的國際法規－海洋法與環境法之間整合運作的探討」，台灣海洋法學報，第八期第二卷(2009)，頁34-47。吳雨蒼，「環境影響評估在國際法的發展：邊界區域案的意涵」，台灣國際法學刊，第十五卷第一期(2018)，頁75-86。馬中法，「《海洋自由論》與格老秀斯國際法思想的起源和發展」，比較法研究，第四期(2006)，頁132-142。張文貞，「環境影響評估作為國際法上的義務：國際法院 Pulp Mills (Argentina v. 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