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題名 貝里斯、瓜地馬拉以及墨西哥原住民人權之比較研究
A Comparative study of Indigenous Human Rights in Belize, Guatemala and Mexico作者 李政陽
Lewis, Aurel貢獻者 薛健吾
Hsueh, Chien-Wu
李政陽
Aurel Lewis關鍵詞 政治動員
人權
拉丁美洲
原住民
Indigenous People
Political Mobilization
Human Rights
Latin America日期 2021 上傳時間 2-Mar-2021 14:54:23 (UTC+8) 摘要 原住民人權在政治、公民以及文化等相關議題在政治領域上都引起了極大的關注。許多中美洲國家提出了適當的研究文獻以研究大多數來自中央地理區域的馬雅人 - 也就是貝里斯、墨西哥以及瓜地馬拉的原住民。儘管相較於其他鄰近國家，瓜地馬拉是原住民人口數佔全國人口數最高的國家，但該國的原住民似乎沒有享有太多的人權。在貝里斯、瓜地馬拉以及墨西哥三個不同地區的原住民人權有著截然不同的差異，本研究的目的即是以民主化、現代化以及動員等三方面的論述找出更能說明此差異的根據。對於貝里斯和墨西哥是否尊重人權，為本研究的重要的難題。深入研究瓜地馬拉的核心問題，指出瓜地馬拉由於缺乏凝聚力以及組織聯盟，因此妨礙了大多數的原住民改善其應有的人權。筆者在此提出三項案例研究：分別為兩項成功的動員案例 (貝里斯瑪雅領袖聯盟以及墨西哥的薩波特克文明) 和一項失敗的動員案例 (瓜地馬拉國家革命部隊)， 希望藉此研究得以闡明每個國家原住民的人權狀況並找出對三個國家人權影響較大的理論。
Indigenous human rights that are political, civil and cultural have all attracted much attention in the political arena. The Mesoamerican countries provides a suitable study as the vast majority of indigenous Mayas are situated in a central geographic bloc which are Belize, Mexico and Guatemala. While the country of Guatemala has the highest indigenous population amongst its neighboring countries, it seems that the indigenous people do not enjoy much human rights. There are difference in the degree of indigenous human rights among these three countries, and the goal of this thesis is to find out which explanations (which are democratization, modernization and mobilization) in the literature better account for this variation. The research question proposed seems to have a clear puzzle as Belize and Mexico respects human right. A deeper look into the question shows that Guatemala lacks cohesion and organizational unity that prevent the vast majority of indigenous people from improving their human rights. I present here three case studies, including two cases of successful mobilization (The case of the Maya Leaders Alliance in Belize, The Case of the Zapotecas in Mexico) and one case of unsuccessful political mobilization (The case of Guatemala National Revolutionary Unit) in hope of shedding light to the indigenous human rights situation in each country and making it clear which theory has a greater influence on human rights amongst the three countries.參考文獻 Adams, R. & MacLeod, M. (2000). The Cambridge History of the Native Peoples of the Americas: Volume II Mesoamerica Part I. Cambridge University Press, p. 7.Adams, R (1991). Prehistoric Mesoamerica. University of Oklahoma Press, p. 19-20Amnesty International (2003). Indigenous Rights are Human Rights: Four Cases of rights Violations in the Americas. 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國立政治大學
國際研究英語碩士學位學程(IMPIS)
106862017資料來源 http://thesis.lib.nccu.edu.tw/record/#G0106862017 資料類型 thesis dc.contributor.advisor 薛健吾 zh_TW dc.contributor.advisor Hsueh, Chien-Wu en_US dc.contributor.author (Authors) 李政陽 zh_TW dc.contributor.author (Authors) Aurel Lewis en_US dc.creator (作者) 李政陽 zh_TW dc.creator (作者) Lewis, Aurel en_US dc.date (日期) 2021 en_US dc.date.accessioned 2-Mar-2021 14:54:23 (UTC+8) - dc.date.available 2-Mar-2021 14:54:23 (UTC+8) - dc.date.issued (上傳時間) 2-Mar-2021 14:54:23 (UTC+8) - dc.identifier (Other Identifiers) G0106862017 en_US dc.identifier.uri (URI) http://nccur.lib.nccu.edu.tw/handle/140.119/134195 - dc.description (描述) 碩士 zh_TW dc.description (描述) 國立政治大學 zh_TW dc.description (描述) 國際研究英語碩士學位學程(IMPIS) zh_TW dc.description (描述) 106862017 zh_TW dc.description.abstract (摘要) 原住民人權在政治、公民以及文化等相關議題在政治領域上都引起了極大的關注。許多中美洲國家提出了適當的研究文獻以研究大多數來自中央地理區域的馬雅人 - 也就是貝里斯、墨西哥以及瓜地馬拉的原住民。儘管相較於其他鄰近國家，瓜地馬拉是原住民人口數佔全國人口數最高的國家，但該國的原住民似乎沒有享有太多的人權。在貝里斯、瓜地馬拉以及墨西哥三個不同地區的原住民人權有著截然不同的差異，本研究的目的即是以民主化、現代化以及動員等三方面的論述找出更能說明此差異的根據。對於貝里斯和墨西哥是否尊重人權，為本研究的重要的難題。深入研究瓜地馬拉的核心問題，指出瓜地馬拉由於缺乏凝聚力以及組織聯盟，因此妨礙了大多數的原住民改善其應有的人權。筆者在此提出三項案例研究：分別為兩項成功的動員案例 (貝里斯瑪雅領袖聯盟以及墨西哥的薩波特克文明) 和一項失敗的動員案例 (瓜地馬拉國家革命部隊)， 希望藉此研究得以闡明每個國家原住民的人權狀況並找出對三個國家人權影響較大的理論。 zh_TW dc.description.abstract (摘要) Indigenous human rights that are political, civil and cultural have all attracted much attention in the political arena. The Mesoamerican countries provides a suitable study as the vast majority of indigenous Mayas are situated in a central geographic bloc which are Belize, Mexico and Guatemala. While the country of Guatemala has the highest indigenous population amongst its neighboring countries, it seems that the indigenous people do not enjoy much human rights. There are difference in the degree of indigenous human rights among these three countries, and the goal of this thesis is to find out which explanations (which are democratization, modernization and mobilization) in the literature better account for this variation. The research question proposed seems to have a clear puzzle as Belize and Mexico respects human right. A deeper look into the question shows that Guatemala lacks cohesion and organizational unity that prevent the vast majority of indigenous people from improving their human rights. I present here three case studies, including two cases of successful mobilization (The case of the Maya Leaders Alliance in Belize, The Case of the Zapotecas in Mexico) and one case of unsuccessful political mobilization (The case of Guatemala National Revolutionary Unit) in hope of shedding light to the indigenous human rights situation in each country and making it clear which theory has a greater influence on human rights amongst the three countries. en_US dc.description.tableofcontents Abstract ............................................................................................................................................. iList of Acronyms ............................................................................................................................ ivList of Figures ................................................................................................................................. viList of Tables ................................................................................................................................ viiChapter 1: Introduction .................................................................................................................... 11.1 Research Motivation .............................................................................................................. 11.2 Belize, Mexico and Guatemala Comparison ......................................................................... 91.3 United Nations Declaration on human rights of indigenous people. ................................... 141.4 Human Right Protection Scores of Belize, Mexico and Guatemala .................................... 241.5 Research Question and My Argument ................................................................................. 331.6 Research Method ................................................................................................................. 351.7 Organizations of Chapters ................................................................................................... 36Chapter 2: Literature Review ........................................................................................................ 392.1 Explanations in literature and why they are not satisfying in explaining the variation inthese three countries ................................................................................................................... 392.2 Main Argument: Political Mobilization has a more immediate effect on indigenous humanand political rights ..................................................................................................................... 452.3 What is Human Rights and how can political mobilization improve it? ............................. 482.4 Conclusion ........................................................................................................................... 55Chapter 3: Case Studies of Successful Political Mobilization ...................................................... 563.1.1 The Case of Mexico ...................................................................................................... 563.1.2 Zapatistas Uprising and Integration of NAFTA in Mexico, 1994-2010 ....................... 643.1.3 Rival Explanations: Democratization of Mexico .......................................................... 703.2.1 The Case of Belize ........................................................................................................ 743.2.2 Maya Leaders Alliance and the judiciary system, 1996-2015 ...................................... 773.2.3 Rival Explanations: Democratization of Belize ............................................................ 833.3.1 Rival Explanations: Modernization of Mexico and Belize ........................................... 873.3.2 Rival Explanations: Conclusion of Modernization in Belize and Mexico .................... 91Chapter 4: Case Studies of Unsuccessful Political Mobilization .................................................. 944.1 The case of Guatemala ..................................................................................................... 944.2 Civil War Impact on Indigenous People and the URNG, 1960-1996 .............................. 974.3 The Legacy of the Civil War in Modern Day Guatemala, 1996-2008 ........................... 100iv4.4 Understanding the 1999 Referendum of Guatemala ...................................................... 1044.5 Rival Explanations: Democratization of Guatemala ...................................................... 1084.6 Rival Explanations: Conclusion of Modernization Guatemala ...................................... 112Chapter 5: Conclusion ................................................................................................................. 1155.1 Comparison of Case Studies and Regime Types ........................................................... 1155.2 Policy Implications ......................................................................................................... 1235.3 Concluding with Mobilization ....................................................................................... 124References ................................................................................................................................... 129 zh_TW dc.format.extent 2034849 bytes - dc.format.mimetype application/pdf - dc.source.uri (資料來源) http://thesis.lib.nccu.edu.tw/record/#G0106862017 en_US dc.subject (關鍵詞) 政治動員 zh_TW dc.subject (關鍵詞) 人權 zh_TW dc.subject (關鍵詞) 拉丁美洲 zh_TW dc.subject (關鍵詞) 原住民 zh_TW dc.subject (關鍵詞) Indigenous People en_US dc.subject (關鍵詞) Political Mobilization en_US dc.subject (關鍵詞) Human Rights en_US dc.subject (關鍵詞) Latin America en_US dc.title (題名) 貝里斯、瓜地馬拉以及墨西哥原住民人權之比較研究 zh_TW dc.title (題名) A Comparative study of Indigenous Human Rights in Belize, Guatemala and Mexico en_US dc.type (資料類型) thesis en_US dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Adams, R. & MacLeod, M. 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