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題名 WHO與台灣CDC在新冠肺炎公關稿之主題框架及風險訊息差異之研究
The Difference of News Releases between WHO and Taiwan’s CDC on Issues Frames and Risks during the COVID-19 Crisis作者 許悅
Yue, Hsu貢獻者 陳憶寧
許悅
Hsu Yue關鍵詞 新冠肺炎
公關稿
框架理論
風險訊息
風險傳播
COVID-19
CDC
WHO
News releases
Framimg
Risk communication日期 2021 上傳時間 2-Mar-2021 15:00:43 (UTC+8) 摘要 本研究以2019年底爆發全球大流行的傳染病－新型冠狀肺炎為案例，分析台灣衛福部疾病管制署以及世界衛生組織有關新冠肺炎的公關稿，探討兩者如何呈現新冠肺炎的疫病情形、防疫政策等相關訊息，以及兩方如何表現中國在此事件中扮演的角色並比較不同之處。本研究旨在探討在新興傳染病的風險事件中，不同的國家與組織在同一健康議題的內容陳述和訊息提供上，是否會有所不同，研究主要以框架及風險訊息取徑，進行內容分析。本研究選擇新冠肺炎爆發2019年12月31日至2020年6月7日作為分析期間，共搜集421則公關稿，CDC有356則、WHO有65則。研究結果發現：1. 新冠肺炎公關稿以行動框架和情境框架為主，CDC以行動框架的公關稿最多，WHO則為情境框架的比例最高。2. 新冠肺炎公關稿訊息脈絡會因組織目的不同而有差異，台灣CDC以風險訊息為主，而WHO以預防訊息為主。3. 台灣CDC新冠肺炎公關稿風險因子乘載量較WHO高。4. CDC與WHO新冠肺炎公關稿中的中國立場與角色明顯不同，CDC在呈現中國資訊時多以危機的形式或是容易引起讀者負面情緒的風險訊息來為主；相反，WHO以預防訊息較為正面的字詞或語句來陳述關於中國新冠肺炎的資訊，也對中國的防疫作為給予肯定和鼓勵。最後，建議台灣CDC在新冠肺炎公關稿中多增加疾病的病理知識，讓閱聽眾了解傳染病的病因及感染原理，並對專有名詞進行解釋；而WHO建議多增加風險因子方面的資訊，包含世界各地的疫情狀況、疫情朝向哪裡發展、新冠病毒的感染方式等，讓世界各地的閱聽眾能了解新冠肺炎所帶來的風險有哪些，進一步做出防範措施，達到共同防禦的目的。
This study takes the COVID-19, an infectious disease that broke out in the global pandemic at the end of 2019, as a case, analyzes the news releases of Taiwan Centers for Disease Control and the World Health Organization during the COVID-19 Crisis, and explores how the two present the epidemic situation and prevention Policies and other related information, as well as how the two parties expressed China`s character in this incident and compared the differences. This research aims to explore whether different countries and organizations have different content statements and information provided on the same health topic in the risk events of emerging infectious diseases. The research mainly uses framing theory and risk communication to analyze content.This study selected the outbreak of COVID-19 from December 31, 2019, to June 7, 2020, as the analysis period. A total of 421 news releases were collected, including 356 from the CDC and 65 from the WHO. The results of the study found that: 1. COVID-19 news releases are mainly based on the framing of action and framing of situation. CDC has the most news releases based on the framing of action, and WHO has the highest proportion of framing of situation. 2. The message line of the COVID-19 news releases will depend on the organization`s purpose. Taiwan`s CDC focuses on risk messages, while WHO focuses on prevention messages. 3. Taiwan`s CDC COVID-19 news releases have a higher risk factor load than WHO. 4. The position and character of China in the CDC and WHO`s news releases are different. When CDC presents China information, it mainly uses crisis information or risk information that is likely to cause negative emotions among readers. On the contrary, WHO focuses on prevention information. Positive words or sentences to state information about China`s situation, but also to affirm and encourage China`s epidemic prevention efforts.Finally, it is recommended that Taiwan`s CDC add more knowledge about the pathology of the disease in the COVID-19 news so that the audience can understand the etiology and principles of infection, and explain the proper terms; and the WHO recommends more information on risk factors, including the situation of the epidemic around the world, where the epidemic is heading, and the way the new virus is infected so that audiences around the world can understand the risks and take further preventive measures to achieve the purpose of common defense.參考文獻 中文部分王石番（1992）。《傳播內容分析法》。台北：幼獅文化事業公司。何青峰、林鶴玲、鄭芳芳（2003）。〈媒體新聞處理失當範例〉，《SARS媒體觀察》。吳宜蓁（2000）。〈危機溝通策略與媒體效能之模式建構—關於腸病毒風暴的個案研究〉，《新聞學研究》，62: 1-34。吳宜蓁（2002）。《危機傳播－公共關係與語意觀點的理論與實證》。台北：五南。吳承翰、林調遜、朱永強，〈WHO表現荒腔走板 陳時中：政治、疫情綁一起是世界災難〉，Nownews 今日新聞，上網日期109年3月24日，檢自：https://www.nownews.com/news/3902599李玉梅（2003）。〈記者面對新興傳染病的報導經驗─以SARS新聞為例〉國立政治大學傳播碩士在職專班碩士論文。林永崇（2003）。〈台灣SARS疫情事件中媒體的商業倫理〉，《應用倫理研究通訊》，28：20-24。林孝萱，〈政治角力？WHO：新型肺炎「不構成」國際公衛緊急事件〉，Nownews 今日新聞，上網日期109年3月24日，檢自：https://www.nownews.com/news/3902599姜采蘋（2009）。〈新聞報導和公關稿之主題框架及風險訊息差異：以腸病毒為例〉國立政治大學新聞研究所碩士論文。徐美苓（2001）。《愛滋病與媒體》。台北：巨流。徐美苓、丁志音（2004）。〈小病微恙的真實再現-以[感冒]的新聞論述為例.〉，《新聞學研究》，79：197–242。徐美苓、黃淑貞（1998）。〈愛滋病新聞報導內容之分析〉，《新聞學研究》，56: 237-268。張錦華（2003）。〈從多元文化論觀點檢視新聞採寫教科書---以原住民族群相關報導為例〉，《新聞學研究》，76。陳潔，〈【肺炎疫情關鍵問答】科學解惑：10個「為什麼」，看懂COVID-19病毒特性與防疫策略〉，報導者，上網日期109年3月24日，檢自：https://www.twreporter.org/a/covid-19-ten-facts-ver-2楊國樞等編（1989）。《社會及行為科學研究法》。台北：東華。臧國仁（1999）。《新聞媒體與消息來源----媒介框架與真實建構之論述》。台北：三民書局。臧國仁、鍾蔚文（1997）。〈框架概念與公共關係策略----有關運用媒介框架的探析〉，《廣告學研究》，9：99-130。臧國仁、鍾蔚文（2000）。〈災難事件與媒體報導：相關研究簡述〉，《新文學研究》，62：143-151。瞿海源、章英華（2003）。〈SARS社會情勢調查報告〉，發表於「後煞時代風險治理與社會重建」研討會。台北：行政院青年輔導委員會。羅文輝（1995）。〈新聞記者選擇消息來源的偏向〉，《新聞學研究》，50：1-13。蘇蘅、陳憶寧（2010）。〈公共衛生危機中政府與媒體如何共舞：檢視產生不實新聞的影響因素〉，《廣告學研究》，33：1-38。英文部分Beck, U. 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國立政治大學
傳播學院傳播碩士學位學程
107464009資料來源 http://thesis.lib.nccu.edu.tw/record/#G0107464009 資料類型 thesis dc.contributor.advisor 陳憶寧 zh_TW dc.contributor.author (Authors) 許悅 zh_TW dc.contributor.author (Authors) Hsu Yue en_US dc.creator (作者) 許悅 zh_TW dc.creator (作者) Yue, Hsu en_US dc.date (日期) 2021 en_US dc.date.accessioned 2-Mar-2021 15:00:43 (UTC+8) - dc.date.available 2-Mar-2021 15:00:43 (UTC+8) - dc.date.issued (上傳時間) 2-Mar-2021 15:00:43 (UTC+8) - dc.identifier (Other Identifiers) G0107464009 en_US dc.identifier.uri (URI) http://nccur.lib.nccu.edu.tw/handle/140.119/134221 - dc.description (描述) 碩士 zh_TW dc.description (描述) 國立政治大學 zh_TW dc.description (描述) 傳播學院傳播碩士學位學程 zh_TW dc.description (描述) 107464009 zh_TW dc.description.abstract (摘要) 本研究以2019年底爆發全球大流行的傳染病－新型冠狀肺炎為案例，分析台灣衛福部疾病管制署以及世界衛生組織有關新冠肺炎的公關稿，探討兩者如何呈現新冠肺炎的疫病情形、防疫政策等相關訊息，以及兩方如何表現中國在此事件中扮演的角色並比較不同之處。本研究旨在探討在新興傳染病的風險事件中，不同的國家與組織在同一健康議題的內容陳述和訊息提供上，是否會有所不同，研究主要以框架及風險訊息取徑，進行內容分析。本研究選擇新冠肺炎爆發2019年12月31日至2020年6月7日作為分析期間，共搜集421則公關稿，CDC有356則、WHO有65則。研究結果發現：1. 新冠肺炎公關稿以行動框架和情境框架為主，CDC以行動框架的公關稿最多，WHO則為情境框架的比例最高。2. 新冠肺炎公關稿訊息脈絡會因組織目的不同而有差異，台灣CDC以風險訊息為主，而WHO以預防訊息為主。3. 台灣CDC新冠肺炎公關稿風險因子乘載量較WHO高。4. CDC與WHO新冠肺炎公關稿中的中國立場與角色明顯不同，CDC在呈現中國資訊時多以危機的形式或是容易引起讀者負面情緒的風險訊息來為主；相反，WHO以預防訊息較為正面的字詞或語句來陳述關於中國新冠肺炎的資訊，也對中國的防疫作為給予肯定和鼓勵。最後，建議台灣CDC在新冠肺炎公關稿中多增加疾病的病理知識，讓閱聽眾了解傳染病的病因及感染原理，並對專有名詞進行解釋；而WHO建議多增加風險因子方面的資訊，包含世界各地的疫情狀況、疫情朝向哪裡發展、新冠病毒的感染方式等，讓世界各地的閱聽眾能了解新冠肺炎所帶來的風險有哪些，進一步做出防範措施，達到共同防禦的目的。 zh_TW dc.description.abstract (摘要) This study takes the COVID-19, an infectious disease that broke out in the global pandemic at the end of 2019, as a case, analyzes the news releases of Taiwan Centers for Disease Control and the World Health Organization during the COVID-19 Crisis, and explores how the two present the epidemic situation and prevention Policies and other related information, as well as how the two parties expressed China`s character in this incident and compared the differences. This research aims to explore whether different countries and organizations have different content statements and information provided on the same health topic in the risk events of emerging infectious diseases. The research mainly uses framing theory and risk communication to analyze content.This study selected the outbreak of COVID-19 from December 31, 2019, to June 7, 2020, as the analysis period. A total of 421 news releases were collected, including 356 from the CDC and 65 from the WHO. The results of the study found that: 1. COVID-19 news releases are mainly based on the framing of action and framing of situation. CDC has the most news releases based on the framing of action, and WHO has the highest proportion of framing of situation. 2. The message line of the COVID-19 news releases will depend on the organization`s purpose. Taiwan`s CDC focuses on risk messages, while WHO focuses on prevention messages. 3. Taiwan`s CDC COVID-19 news releases have a higher risk factor load than WHO. 4. The position and character of China in the CDC and WHO`s news releases are different. When CDC presents China information, it mainly uses crisis information or risk information that is likely to cause negative emotions among readers. On the contrary, WHO focuses on prevention information. Positive words or sentences to state information about China`s situation, but also to affirm and encourage China`s epidemic prevention efforts.Finally, it is recommended that Taiwan`s CDC add more knowledge about the pathology of the disease in the COVID-19 news so that the audience can understand the etiology and principles of infection, and explain the proper terms; and the WHO recommends more information on risk factors, including the situation of the epidemic around the world, where the epidemic is heading, and the way the new virus is infected so that audiences around the world can understand the risks and take further preventive measures to achieve the purpose of common defense. en_US dc.description.tableofcontents 第一章 緒論 1第一節 研究背景與動機 1第二節 研究目的 5第二章 文獻探討 9第一節 公關稿之特色與相關研究 9第二節 框架理論 13第三節 風險傳播與風險訊息 18第四節 中國對世界衛生組織的影響 21第三章 研究方法 27第一節 內容分析 27第二節 研究對象 28第三節 樣本搜集說明與類目建構 29第四節 信度檢驗和資料處理方法 35第四章 研究結果 37第一節 新冠肺炎公關稿的基本資料分析 37第二節 新冠肺炎公關稿框架分析 41第三節 新冠肺炎公關稿風險訊息分析 45第四節 中國的立場與角色 53第五章 結論與建議 62第一節 研究發現與討論 62第二節 研究貢獻與建議 66第三節 研究限制與未來研究之建議 67參考文獻 70附錄一 新冠肺炎公關稿編碼表 77附錄二 編碼說明 79附錄三 CDC與WHO在風險因子五大類的分佈情形 82附錄四 CDC和WHO議題框架、責任框架問答題統整表 83附錄五 WHO新冠肺炎中國框架公關稿 85 zh_TW dc.format.extent 2069124 bytes - dc.format.mimetype application/pdf - dc.source.uri (資料來源) http://thesis.lib.nccu.edu.tw/record/#G0107464009 en_US dc.subject (關鍵詞) 新冠肺炎 zh_TW dc.subject (關鍵詞) 公關稿 zh_TW dc.subject (關鍵詞) 框架理論 zh_TW dc.subject (關鍵詞) 風險訊息 zh_TW dc.subject (關鍵詞) 風險傳播 zh_TW dc.subject (關鍵詞) COVID-19 en_US dc.subject (關鍵詞) CDC en_US dc.subject (關鍵詞) WHO en_US dc.subject (關鍵詞) News releases en_US dc.subject (關鍵詞) Framimg en_US dc.subject (關鍵詞) Risk communication en_US dc.title (題名) WHO與台灣CDC在新冠肺炎公關稿之主題框架及風險訊息差異之研究 zh_TW dc.title (題名) The Difference of News Releases between WHO and Taiwan’s CDC on Issues Frames and Risks during the COVID-19 Crisis en_US dc.type (資料類型) thesis en_US dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 中文部分王石番（1992）。《傳播內容分析法》。台北：幼獅文化事業公司。何青峰、林鶴玲、鄭芳芳（2003）。〈媒體新聞處理失當範例〉，《SARS媒體觀察》。吳宜蓁（2000）。〈危機溝通策略與媒體效能之模式建構—關於腸病毒風暴的個案研究〉，《新聞學研究》，62: 1-34。吳宜蓁（2002）。《危機傳播－公共關係與語意觀點的理論與實證》。台北：五南。吳承翰、林調遜、朱永強，〈WHO表現荒腔走板 陳時中：政治、疫情綁一起是世界災難〉，Nownews 今日新聞，上網日期109年3月24日，檢自：https://www.nownews.com/news/3902599李玉梅（2003）。〈記者面對新興傳染病的報導經驗─以SARS新聞為例〉國立政治大學傳播碩士在職專班碩士論文。林永崇（2003）。〈台灣SARS疫情事件中媒體的商業倫理〉，《應用倫理研究通訊》，28：20-24。林孝萱，〈政治角力？WHO：新型肺炎「不構成」國際公衛緊急事件〉，Nownews 今日新聞，上網日期109年3月24日，檢自：https://www.nownews.com/news/3902599姜采蘋（2009）。〈新聞報導和公關稿之主題框架及風險訊息差異：以腸病毒為例〉國立政治大學新聞研究所碩士論文。徐美苓（2001）。《愛滋病與媒體》。台北：巨流。徐美苓、丁志音（2004）。〈小病微恙的真實再現-以[感冒]的新聞論述為例.〉，《新聞學研究》，79：197–242。徐美苓、黃淑貞（1998）。〈愛滋病新聞報導內容之分析〉，《新聞學研究》，56: 237-268。張錦華（2003）。〈從多元文化論觀點檢視新聞採寫教科書---以原住民族群相關報導為例〉，《新聞學研究》，76。陳潔，〈【肺炎疫情關鍵問答】科學解惑：10個「為什麼」，看懂COVID-19病毒特性與防疫策略〉，報導者，上網日期109年3月24日，檢自：https://www.twreporter.org/a/covid-19-ten-facts-ver-2楊國樞等編（1989）。《社會及行為科學研究法》。台北：東華。臧國仁（1999）。《新聞媒體與消息來源----媒介框架與真實建構之論述》。台北：三民書局。臧國仁、鍾蔚文（1997）。〈框架概念與公共關係策略----有關運用媒介框架的探析〉，《廣告學研究》，9：99-130。臧國仁、鍾蔚文（2000）。〈災難事件與媒體報導：相關研究簡述〉，《新文學研究》，62：143-151。瞿海源、章英華（2003）。〈SARS社會情勢調查報告〉，發表於「後煞時代風險治理與社會重建」研討會。台北：行政院青年輔導委員會。羅文輝（1995）。〈新聞記者選擇消息來源的偏向〉，《新聞學研究》，50：1-13。蘇蘅、陳憶寧（2010）。〈公共衛生危機中政府與媒體如何共舞：檢視產生不實新聞的影響因素〉，《廣告學研究》，33：1-38。英文部分Beck, U. 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